Individualization, Personalization and

Differentiation

Individualization, Personalization and

Differentiation

SBPSTeacher Preparation Program

Maria Cecília de Freitas Cardoso Buckley, Ph.D.

September 25, 2014

SBPSTeacher Preparation Program

Maria Cecília de Freitas Cardoso Buckley, Ph.D.

September 25, 2014

Each child is

UNIQUE!

Each child is

UNIQUE!

How to teach all children?How to teach all children?

What is “the best” way to teach a child?

Is there a “best way” to teach?

What is “the best” way to teach a child?

Is there a “best way” to teach?

Teaching the “whole child”Teaching the “whole child”BiologicalCognitiveSocialEmotionalSpiritual

Learning styles…Different intelligences…Personality types…Right and left brain...Personal preferences...

BiologicalCognitiveSocialEmotionalSpiritual

Learning styles…Different intelligences…Personality types…Right and left brain...Personal preferences...

Focus on “all children”Focus on “all children”

We may have a problem:

Efforts to be placed on the group and/or the content to be taught

We may have a problem:

Efforts to be placed on the group and/or the content to be taught

We also need:

Focus on “each child” - the gifts and needs of individual learners: each student to be central to the learning process

We also need:

Focus on “each child” - the gifts and needs of individual learners: each student to be central to the learning process

Going beyond multimodal teaching

Going beyond multimodal teaching

Multimodal instruction is necessary…But might not be enough…

We might also need differentiation, individualization and personalization.

Multimodal instruction is necessary…But might not be enough…

We might also need differentiation, individualization and personalization.

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What is differentiation?What is differentiation?

Differentiation means sculpturing instruction to meet the specific needs of a particular student.

The teacher uses ongoing observation / assessment.

Flexible grouping will provide opportunity for a more successful learning experience.

Differentiation means sculpturing instruction to meet the specific needs of a particular student.

The teacher uses ongoing observation / assessment.

Flexible grouping will provide opportunity for a more successful learning experience.

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Pause to think!Pause to think!

Can I differentiate my instruction here today?

Can I differentiate my instruction here today?

What does it require?What does it require?

Knowledge of the individual student

Knowledge of instruction

Intentionality

Knowledge of the individual student

Knowledge of instruction

Intentionality

Four Ways to DifferentiateFour Ways to Differentiate

Content / TopicProcess / ActivitiesProductLearning Environment

Content / TopicProcess / ActivitiesProductLearning Environment

Differentiated curriculum or

differentiated instruction?

You might need a combination of both.

Differentiated curriculum or

differentiated instruction?

You might need a combination of both.

Different is not the same as

“Differentiated”!

Different is not the same as

“Differentiated”!

Could this be differentiating?Could this be

differentiating?

Monday: a playTuesday: a textWednesday: a dioramaThursday: a songFriday: a written composition

Monday: a playTuesday: a textWednesday: a dioramaThursday: a songFriday: a written composition

The need to direct modifications to a specific student.

Teachers design work that is suitable for a particular learner.

The need to direct modifications to a specific student.

Teachers design work that is suitable for a particular learner.

ObserveObserve

What do you see? Are the expectations the same for all students? Is the content the same? Are the activities or materials the same? Is the time given for a task the same?

What do you see? Are the expectations the same for all students? Is the content the same? Are the activities or materials the same? Is the time given for a task the same?

Ask WHY.

Why these...activities? materials?strategies? homework ?...

Ask WHY.

Why these...activities? materials?strategies? homework ?...

If it is a challenge for a student

If it is a challenge for a student

To learn by listening…To express him/herself verbally…To read written material…To write legibly…To express her/himself in writing…To spell…To “be quiet”…To “read” social cues…To pay attention…

To learn by listening…To express him/herself verbally…To read written material…To write legibly…To express her/himself in writing…To spell…To “be quiet”…To “read” social cues…To pay attention…

If often means the child has gifts in the “other side of the story”.

Some practical examples of how to differentiate…

If often means the child has gifts in the “other side of the story”.

Some practical examples of how to differentiate…

Attention to visual cuesAttention to visual cues

Highlight math signs + - x /Use different colors for different

math signsCharts, graphs, maps, tableLists, mind maps, graphic

organizersHighlight important information

Highlight math signs + - x /Use different colors for different

math signsCharts, graphs, maps, tableLists, mind maps, graphic

organizersHighlight important information

Expression through writing or art

Expression through writing or art

Creative writingWritten reportsWritten explanationsDioramasProjects

Creative writingWritten reportsWritten explanationsDioramasProjects

Audio input/oral expression

Audio input/oral expression

Audio booksVideos on Science or Social StudiesDiscussion groupsBook clubsOral explanationsVerbalization to self (soft self-talking)Oral presentationsRecording pens

Audio booksVideos on Science or Social StudiesDiscussion groupsBook clubsOral explanationsVerbalization to self (soft self-talking)Oral presentationsRecording pens

Strategies for spellingStrategies for spelling

Tap sounds of syllablesMnemonicsVisualizationWriting in the airRead, spell, copy, checkJump rope, bounce ball… as spellingUse dictionary, tables, lists, computer…

Tap sounds of syllablesMnemonicsVisualizationWriting in the airRead, spell, copy, checkJump rope, bounce ball… as spellingUse dictionary, tables, lists, computer…

Adequate work spaceAdequate work space

Finding a quiet spotStudy carrelsSmart choice of companyBeing aloneClose to teacher / sit among peers

for positive modeling

Finding a quiet spotStudy carrelsSmart choice of companyBeing aloneClose to teacher / sit among peers

for positive modeling

Strategies for attentionStrategies for attention

Stress balls / car wash spongeMoving while working (gym ball, T

stool, bicycle air tube on chair legs…)

Eye contactFrequent checks with studentWeightsPush-ups on chair…

Stress balls / car wash spongeMoving while working (gym ball, T

stool, bicycle air tube on chair legs…)

Eye contactFrequent checks with studentWeightsPush-ups on chair…

Self monitoringSelf monitoring

A secret code with studentLimited list of rules in sight on the wallSelf monitoring chartsExplicit, direct instruction

establishing and monitoring goalsconflict resolution recognizing and naming feelings“I statements”…..

Cooling down / relaxation strategies

A secret code with studentLimited list of rules in sight on the wallSelf monitoring chartsExplicit, direct instruction

establishing and monitoring goalsconflict resolution recognizing and naming feelings“I statements”…..

Cooling down / relaxation strategies

Explicit instruction of social cues

Explicit instruction of social cues

Case studySocial groupRole play Providing model Previous rehearsal of real situationsEvaluation of situations: How did I do?

How could I do next time?

Case studySocial groupRole play Providing model Previous rehearsal of real situationsEvaluation of situations: How did I do?

How could I do next time?

Use of technologyUse of technology

Word processingVoice recognitionVideos and movies as ways of

showing mastery of contentTalking machines

Word processingVoice recognitionVideos and movies as ways of

showing mastery of contentTalking machines

If a child is not making progress

If a child is not making progress

Where is the problem?or

What needs to change?The child?My teaching?

Where is the problem?or

What needs to change?The child?My teaching?

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Individualized, Personalized, and Differentiated Instruction

Words like individualization, differentiation, and personalization have become buzzwords in education, but little agreement exists on what exactly they mean beyond the broad concept that each is an alternative to the one-size-fits-all model of teaching and learning. For example, some education professionals use personalization to mean that students are given the choice of what and how they learn according to their interests, and others use it to suggest that instruction is paced differently for different students. Throughout this plan, we use the following definitions:

Individualization refers to instruction that is paced to the learning needs of different learners. Learning goals are the same for all students, but students can progress through the material at different speeds according to their learning needs. For example, students might take longer to progress through a given topic, skip topics that cover information they already know, or repeat topics they need more help on.

Differentiation refers to instruction that is tailored to the learning preferences of different learners. Learning goals are the same for all students, but the method or approach of instruction varies according to the preferences of each student or what research has found works best for students like them.

Personalization refers to instruction that is paced to learning needs, tailored to learning preferences, and tailored to the specific interests of different learners. In an environment that is fully personalized, the learning objectives and content as well as the method and pace may all vary (so personalization encompasses differentiation and individualization).

From http://www.ed.gov/technology/draft-netp-2010/individualized-personalized-differentiated-instruction

From http://www.ed.gov/technology/draft-netp-2010/individualized-personalized-differentiated-instruction

Individualized, Personalized, and Differentiated Instruction

Words like individualization, differentiation, and personalization have become buzzwords in education, but little agreement exists on what exactly they mean beyond the broad concept that each is an alternative to the one-size-fits-all model of teaching and learning. For example, some education professionals use personalization to mean that students are given the choice of what and how they learn according to their interests, and others use it to suggest that instruction is paced differently for different students. Throughout this plan, we use the following definitions:

Individualization refers to instruction that is paced to the learning needs of different learners. Learning goals are the same for all students, but students can progress through the material at different speeds according to their learning needs. For example, students might take longer to progress through a given topic, skip topics that cover information they already know, or repeat topics they need more help on.

Differentiation refers to instruction that is tailored to the learning preferences of different learners. Learning goals are the same for all students, but the method or approach of instruction varies according to the preferences of each student or what research has found works best for students like them.

Personalization refers to instruction that is paced to learning needs, tailored to learning preferences, and tailored to the specific interests of different learners. In an environment that is fully personalized, the learning objectives and content as well as the method and pace may all vary (so personalization encompasses differentiation and individualization).

From http://www.ed.gov/technology/draft-netp-2010/individualized-personalized-differentiated-instruction

From http://www.ed.gov/technology/draft-netp-2010/individualized-personalized-differentiated-instruction

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Some articles and resources on differentiation

Some articles and resources on differentiation

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Differentiated Instruction

http://www.readingrockets.org/reading-topics/differentiated-instruction

What is Differentiated Instruction?

http://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-differentiated-instruction

Individualized, Personalized and Differentiated Instruction

http://www.ed.gov/technology/draft-netp-2010/individualized-personalized-differentiated-instruction

Differentiated instruction and writing

http://www.fldoe.org/BII/pdf/DifferentiatedInstruction.pdf

Differentiated Instruction

http://www.readingrockets.org/reading-topics/differentiated-instruction

What is Differentiated Instruction?

http://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-differentiated-instruction

Individualized, Personalized and Differentiated Instruction

http://www.ed.gov/technology/draft-netp-2010/individualized-personalized-differentiated-instruction

Differentiated instruction and writing

http://www.fldoe.org/BII/pdf/DifferentiatedInstruction.pdf

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Strategies that Differentiate Instructionhttp://education.ky.gov/educational/diff/Documents/StrategiesThatDifferentiateInstruction4.12.pdf

Strategies: Differentiated Instruction

http://www.sunshineconnections.org/strategies/Pages/DifferentiatedInstruction.aspx

All Children can Learn!http://cnweb.cn.edu/tedu/New%20Website%20Docs/DifferentiatedInstructionStrategiesKit.pdf

Culturally Responsive Differentiated Instructional Strategieshttp://steinhardt.nyu.edu/scmsAdmin/uploads/005/120/Culturally%20Responsive%20Differientiated%20Instruction.pdf

Strategies that Differentiate Instructionhttp://education.ky.gov/educational/diff/Documents/StrategiesThatDifferentiateInstruction4.12.pdf

Strategies: Differentiated Instruction

http://www.sunshineconnections.org/strategies/Pages/DifferentiatedInstruction.aspx

All Children can Learn!http://cnweb.cn.edu/tedu/New%20Website%20Docs/DifferentiatedInstructionStrategiesKit.pdf

Culturally Responsive Differentiated Instructional Strategieshttp://steinhardt.nyu.edu/scmsAdmin/uploads/005/120/Culturally%20Responsive%20Differientiated%20Instruction.pdf

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How to Differentiate Instruction

http://www.teach-nology.com/tutorials/teaching/differentiate/

Differentiated Instructionhttp://faculty.scf.edu/sharric/lesson8/diffinst8.pdf

Differentiated Instruction and Implications for UDL Implementation

http://aim.cast.org/learn/historyarchive/backgroundpapers/differentiated_instruction_udl#.VCHLukuaJZg

Two, Four, Six, Eight, Let’s All Differentiate: Differential Education: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

http://education.jhu.edu/PD/newhorizons/strategies/topics/Differentiated%20Instruction/differentiate/

How to Differentiate Instruction

http://www.teach-nology.com/tutorials/teaching/differentiate/

Differentiated Instructionhttp://faculty.scf.edu/sharric/lesson8/diffinst8.pdf

Differentiated Instruction and Implications for UDL Implementation

http://aim.cast.org/learn/historyarchive/backgroundpapers/differentiated_instruction_udl#.VCHLukuaJZg

Two, Four, Six, Eight, Let’s All Differentiate: Differential Education: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

http://education.jhu.edu/PD/newhorizons/strategies/topics/Differentiated%20Instruction/differentiate/

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Other ResourcesOther Resources Learning Disabilities OnLine

http://www.ldonline.org

International Dyslexia Association www.interdys.org

ReadingRockets http://www.readingrockets.org

Council for Exceptional Children https://www.cec.sped.org

ASCD http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/feb10/

vol67/num05/Differentiated-Learning.aspx

U.S. Department of Education http://www.ed.gov/technology

Readwritethink http://www.readwritethink.org/professional-development/strategy-

guides/teaching-with-multiple-modalities-30101.html

Elementary & Middle Schools Technical Assistance Center http://www.emstac.org

Learning Disabilities OnLine http://www.ldonline.org

International Dyslexia Association www.interdys.org

ReadingRockets http://www.readingrockets.org

Council for Exceptional Children https://www.cec.sped.org

ASCD http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/feb10/

vol67/num05/Differentiated-Learning.aspx

U.S. Department of Education http://www.ed.gov/technology

Readwritethink http://www.readwritethink.org/professional-development/strategy-

guides/teaching-with-multiple-modalities-30101.html

Elementary & Middle Schools Technical Assistance Center http://www.emstac.org