IndIGO: An Update(Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations)

www.gw-indigo.org

Tarun Souradeep IUCAA, Pune (Spokesperson, IndIGO)

Amaldi-9 Cardiff, UK10 July 2011

Gravitational wave legacy in IndiaGravitational wave legacy in India• Two decades of Internationally recognized Indian contribution to

the global effort for detecting GW on two significant fronts • Seminal contributions to source modeling at RRI [Bala Iyer]

– Indo-French collaboration for two decades to compute high accuracy waveforms for in-spiraling compact binaries from which the GW templates used in LIGO and Virgo are constructed. Cardiff collaboration on improved detection templates, parameter estimation, implications for Astrophysics and Cosmology. [K. Arun, P. Gopakumar, P. Ajith (UG)]

GW data analysis at IUCAA [Sanjeev Dhurandhar]– Designing efficient data analysis algorithms Notable contribution: Matched filtering

(Sathyaprakash ); search for binary in-spirals hierarchical (S. Mohanty, A Sengupta); coherent search with network (S. Bose, A. Pai); radiometric maps of stochastic gravitational waves using CMB map making techs (S Mitra, TS).

• IUCAA has collaborated with most international GW groups and has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) for a decade.

Multi-Institutional,Multi-Institutional,Multi-disciplinary ConsortiumMulti-disciplinary Consortium(Aug. 2009)(Aug. 2009)

1. CMI, Chennai2. Delhi University3. IISER Kolkata4. IISER Trivandrum5. IIT Madras (EE)6. IIT Kanpur (EE)7. IUCAA, Pune8. RRCAT, Indore9. TIFR, Mumbai10. IPR, Bhatt

Others• RRI• Jamia Milia Islamia• Tezpur Univ

Nodal InstitutionsNodal Institutions

The IndIGO ConsortiumThe IndIGO Consortium

Data Analysis & Theory

1. Sanjeev Dhurandhar IUCAA2. Bala Iyer RRI3. Tarun Souradeep IUCAA4. Anand Sengupta Delhi University 5. Archana Pai IISER, Thiruvananthapuram6. Sanjit Mitra JPL , IUCAA7. K G Arun Chennai Math. Inst., Chennai8. Rajesh Nayak IISER, Kolkata9. A. Gopakumar TIFR, Mumbai 10. T R Seshadri Delhi University 11. Patrick Dasgupta Delhi University12. Sanjay Jhingan Jamila Milia Islamia, Delhi13. L. Sriramkumar, Phys., IIT M14. Bhim P. Sarma Tezpur Univ . 15. Sanjay Sahay BITS, Goa16. P Ajith Caltech , USA17. Sukanta Bose, Wash. U., USA18. B. S. Sathyaprakash Cardiff University, UK19. Soumya Mohanty UTB, Brownsville , USA20. Badri Krishnan Max Planck AEI, Germany

Instrumentation & Experiment

1. C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR, Mumbai2. G Rajalakshmi TIFR, Mumbai3. P.K. Gupta RRCAT, Indore 4. Sendhil Raja RRCAT, Indore5. S.K. Shukla RRCAT, Indore6. Raja Rao ex RRCAT, Consultant 7. Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT M8. Pradeep Kumar, EE, IIT K9. Ajai Kumar IPR, Bhatt10. S.K. Bhatt IPR, Bhatt 11. Ranjan Gupta IUCAA, Pune12. Bhal Chandra Joshi NCRA, Pune13. Rijuparna Chakraborty, Cote d’Azur, Grasse14. Rana Adhikari Caltech, USA 15. Suresh Doravari Caltech, USA 16. Biplab Bhawal (ex LIGO)

IndIGO Council1. Bala Iyer ( Chair) RRI,

Bangalore 2. Sanjeev Dhurandhar (Science) IUCAA, Pune 3. C. S. Unnikrishnan (Experiment) TIFR, Mumbai4. Tarun Souradeep (Spokesperson) IUCAA, Pune

Committees: National Steering Committee:Kailash Rustagi (IIT, Mumbai) [Chair]Bala Iyer (RRI) [Coordinator]Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA) [Co-Coordinator]D.D. Bhawalkar (Quantalase, Indore)[Advisor]P.K. Kaw (IPR)Ajit Kembhavi (IUCAA) P.D. Gupta (RRCAT)J.V. Narlikar (IUCAA)G. Srinivasan

International Advisory Committee

Abhay Ashtekar (Penn SU)[ Chair]Rana Adhikari (LIGO, Caltech, USA)David Blair (AIGO, UWA, Australia)Adalberto Giazotto (Virgo, Italy)P.D. Gupta (Director, RRCAT, India)James Hough (GEO ; Glasgow, UK)[GWIC Chair]Kazuaki Kuroda (LCGT, Japan)Harald Lueck (GEO, Germany)Nary Man (Virgo, France)Jay Marx (LIGO, Director, USA)David McClelland (AIGO, ANU, Australia)Jesper Munch (Chair, ACIGA, Australia)B.S. Sathyaprakash (GEO, Cardiff Univ, UK)Bernard F. Schutz (GEO, Director AEI, Germany)Jean-Yves Vinet (Virgo, France)Stan Whitcomb (LIGO, Caltech, USA)

IndIGO Advisory StructureIndIGO Advisory Structure

Program Management Committee:C S Unnikrishnan (TIFR, Mumbai), [Chair]Bala R Iyer (RRI, Bangalore), [Coordinator]Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA, Pune) [Co-cordinator]Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA, Pune)Bhal Chandra Joshi (NCRA, Pune)P Sreekumar (ISAC, Bangalore)P K Gupta (RRCAT, Indore)S K Shukla (RRCAT, Indore)Sendhil Raja (RRCAT, Indore)]

IndIGO: Goals & current activities IndIGO: Goals & current activities

• Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW related experimental activity and train new technically skilled manpower

• Seeking pan-Indian consolidated IndIGO membership in LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) for participation in Advanced LIGO.

• Create a Tier-2 data centre in IUCAA for LIGO Scientific Collaboration Deliverables and as a LSC Resource

Starting collaborative work under the IUSSTF Indo-US IUCAA-Caltech joint Centre at IUCAA

Indo-Jap project “Coherent multi-detector gravitational wave search using LCGT and advanced interferometers”

Explore the Roadmap for EGO-IndIGO collaboration on GW and a possible MOU (Meeting on Nov 1-2 ,2011 at IUCAA)

Explore Indian participation in LISA and space based GW detectors in the future ( ASTROD 5 meeting on July 14 – 16, 2012 at RRI)

Participation in LSC during Advanced LIGOParticipation in LSC during Advanced LIGOProposed Data Analysis activities of the IndIGO ConsortiumProposed Data Analysis activities of the IndIGO Consortium

•Principal Leads: K.G. Arun, R.Nayak, A. Pai, A. Sengupta, S. Mitra

• Participants: S. Dhurandhar, T. Souradeep, B. R. Iyer, C.K. Mishra, M.K. Harris,….

• Institutions: CMI, IUCAA, IISER (Kolkata), IISER (Tvm), Univ Delhi

•Projects• Multi-detector Coherent veto•Tests of GR and alternative theories of gravity•Stochastic Gravitational wave background analysis

• IndIGO Data Center

Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from binary mergers using data from global detector network

Coherent 2-4 x event rate (40 80-160 /yr for NS-NS) Role of IndIGO data centre

Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of GW data and analysis Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave community. Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO

Scientific Collaboration. Facility for LSC as part of IndIGO participation. Large University sector participation via IUCAA

• 200 Tflops peak capability (by 2014) • Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.• Network: gigabit+ backbone, National Knowledge Network• Gigabit dedicated link to LIGO lab Caltech

• 20 Tf 200 Tb funded by IUCAA : ready Mid 2012

IndIGO Data Centre @ IUCAA Anand Sengupta, DU, IndIGO

IndIGO Consortium – a IndIGO Consortium – a briefbrief history history

• Dec. 2007 : ICGC2007 @IUCAA: Rana Adhikari’s visit & discussions• 2009: – Australia-India S&T collaboration (Iyer & Blair) Establishing Australia-India collaboration in GW Astronomy Establishing Australia-India collaboration in GW Astronomy – IndIGO Consortium: Reunion meeting IUCAA (Aug 9, 2009) – GW Astronomy Roadmap for India; • 2009-2011: – Meetings at Kochi, Pune, Shanghai, Perth, Delhi to Define, Reorient and Respond to the Global (GWIC) strategies for

setting up the International GW Network. – Bring together scattered Indian Experimental Expertise; Individuals &

Institutions• March 2011: IndIGO-I Proposal: Participation in LIGO-Australia

• May 2011+: LIGO-India..

IndIGO: the Aspiration IndIGO: the Aspiration

• Create major Indian presence in GW astronomy MOU with ACIGA to collaborate on GW AstronomyTwo Alternatives depending on the Australian decision (Oct 2010)

Partner in LIGO-Australia– Indian partnership at 15% of Australian cost with full data rights

A significant recent development …A significant recent development …

LIGO-India– Letter from LIGO Lab. with a concept proposal for LIGO-India

IndIGO Consortium has placed LIGO-India into the preliminary shortlist of National Mega Projects being considered under the forthcoming Five year plan in India ( Final rounds of meetings: during Sept 2011)

LIGO-India:LIGO-India: a good idea for GW community !a good idea for GW community !• Geographical relocation Strategic for GW astronomy

– Increased event rates (x2-4) by coherent analysis – Improved duty cycle– Improved Detection confidence– Improved Sky Coverage– Improved Source Location required for multi-messenger astronomy– Improved Determination of the two GW polarizations

• Potentially large Indian science user community in the future– Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges– Improved UG education system will produce a larger number of

students with aspirations looking for frontline research opportunity at home.

• Substantial data analysis trained faculty exists in India and Large Data Analysis Center Facilities are being planned under the next five year plan for consolidated IndIGO participation in LSC for Advanced LIGO

LIGO-India: Attractive Indian megaproject• On Indian Soil with International Cooperation (no competition)• Shared science risks and credits with the International community.

• AdvLIGO setup & initial setup risks primarily rests with USA. – AdvLIGO-USA precedes LIGO-India by > 2 years.– Vacuum 10 yr of operation in initial LIGO 2/3 vacuum enclosure + 1/3 detector assembly

split (US ‘costing’ : manpower and h/ware costs)– Indian expters can contribute to AdvLIGO-USA : opportunity without primary responsibility

• US hardware contribution funded & ready – AdvLIGO largest NSF project funded in USA

– LIGO-India needs NSF approval, but not additional funds from USA

• Expenditure almost completely in Indian labs & Industry

• Very significant Industrial capability upgrade in India.

• Well defined training plan Large number of highly trained HRD

• Host a major data analysis facility for the entire LIGO network

LIGO-India: … the opportunityScience Gain from Strategic Geographical Relocation

Source localization error

Original Plan 2 +1 LIGO USA+ Virgo

LIGO-India plan1+1 LIGO USA+ Virgo+ LIGO-India

LIGO-Aus plan1+1 LIGO USA+ Virgo+ LIGO-Aus

Courtesy:S. Fairhurst

LIGO-India: … the opportunity

Polarization info

Homogeneity of Sky coverage

Courtesy: S.Kilmenko & G. Vedovato

Strategic Geographical relocation: science gain

LIGO-India: … the opportunity

Strategic Geographical relocation- the science gain

Sky coverage: ‘reach’ /sensitivity in different directions

Courtesy: Bernard Schutz

Network HHLV HILV AHLV

Mean horizon distance

1.74 1.57 1.69

Detection Volume

8.98 8.77 8.93

Volume Filling factor

41.00% 54.00% 44.00%

Triple Detection Rate(80%)

4.86 5.95 6.06

Triple Detection Rate(95%)

7.81 8.13 8.28

Sky Coverage: 81%

47.30% 79.00% 53.50%

Directional Precision

0.66 2.02 3.01

Strategic Geographical relocation: science gain

Courtesy:Bernard Schutz

Indian contribution in human resources: Trainable Scientific & engineering manpower for detector

assembly, installation and commissioning.

Trained S & T manpower for LIGO-India sustained

operations for next 10 years.

Major enhancement of Data Analysis team. Seek

Consolidated IndIGO participation in LIGO Science Collab.

(Sept 2011)

Expand theory and create numerical relativity simulation.

Expect a significant number of hirings in premier institutions

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Indian contribution in Engineering. & infrastructure:

Ultra-high Vacuum enclosure on large scale

Site (L-configuration: Each 100-200 m x 4.5km: < 300 acres) HPC -Data centre

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Requirements:

• Low seismicity • Low human generated noise• Air connectivity• Proximity to Academic institutions, labs, industry preferred, …

LIGO-India: … the challenges

Indian Site

Very Preliminary exploration: IISc new campus & adjoining campus near Chitra Durga

(envisaged as a National mega facility hub)• low seismicity• Solid rock base• 1hr from Bangalore International airport• Bangalore: science & tech hub of India• National science facilities complex plans power and other infrastructure availability, ….

Need to move fast!!! Before other facilities under ext 5 yr plan look

for space there …

• Fabricated and installed by Indian Industry under close monitoring by science & technology team

o Oversee the procurement & fabrication of the vacuum system components and its installation by a national multi-institutional team.o DAE commitment to LIGO-India Intense participation of RRCAT & IPR possible.o All vacuum components such as flanges, gate-valves, pumps, residual gas analyzers and leak detectors will be bought. o Companies L&T, Fullinger, HindHiVac, Godrej, … with close support from RRCAT, IPR and LIGO Lab.

• Preliminary detailed discussions with Industry in Feb 2011 : Companies like HHV, Fullinger, Godrej in consultation with Stan Whitcomb (LIGO), D. Blair (ACIGA) since this was a major IndIGO deliverable to LIGO-Australia.

• Preliminary Costing for LIGO-India vacuum component is INR 400 cr. (~80 M USD)

Large scale ultra-high Vacuum

Detector Assembly & CommissioningFor installation and commissioning phase:• Identify 10-15 core experienced Enggs. & scientists who spend a year, or more,

at Advanced LIGO-USA during its install. & comm. – LIGO proposal document– Already 1 IndIGO post-doc at LIGO Caltech, 2 others under consideration in LIGO and EGO,..– Creste positions back in India for them (Once project manpower sanctioned, LIGO-India

project hiring at institutions like RRCAT, TIFR, IUCAA,….)• 6-10 full time engineers and scientists in India.

Present experimental expertise within IndIGOLaser ITF: TIFR, RRCAT, IITM, IIT K.

UH Vacuum: RRCAT, IPR, (TIFR, IUCNS, new IUCs? )Each group can scale to 10 Post-doc/PhD students. Over 2-3 years. Train on 3-m prototype .

High precision experimental expertise in High precision experimental expertise in IndiaIndia

• TIFR : High precision experiments and tests of weak forces [C.S. Unnikrishnan]

– Test gravitation using most sensitive torsional balances and optical sensors.– Techniques related to precision laser spectroscopy, electronic locking, stabilization.

– G.Rajalakshmi (IIA TIFR, 3m prototype); – Suresh Doravari (IIA LIGO, Caltech 40m/Adv LIGO)

• RRCAT (RR Center for Advanced Tech.)– [S.K. Shukla on INDUS, A.S. Raja Rao (ex RRCAT)] --UHV– [Sendhil Raja, P.K. Gupta] - Optical system design, laser based

instrumentation, optical metrology, Large aperture optics, diffractive optics, micro-optic system design.

– [Rijuparna Chakraborty, France LIGO/EGO pdf?] Adaptive Optics….

• IPR (Institute for Plasma Research)– [S.B. Bhatt on Aditya and Ajai Kumar] - UHV , Lasers, Control systems,..

• IITM [Anil Prabhakar] and IITK [Pradeep Kumar] (EE depts)– Photonics, Fiber optics and communications– Characterization and testing of optical components and instruments for use in India..

Large experiment expertise in IndiaLarge experiment expertise in India

• Groups at BARC (Bhabha Atomic Res. Center) and RRCAT : involved in LHC hardware contribution

– provided a variety of components and subsystems like precision magnet positioning stand jacks, superconducting correcting magnets, quench heater protection supplies and skilled manpower support for magnetic tests and measurement and help in commissioning LHC subsystems.

• Teams at Electronics & Instrumentation Groups at BARC (may be interested in large instrumentation projects in XII plan)

• IPR (Inst. for Plasma res.): Involved in ITER (6xLIGO-Ind cost) Support role in large volume UHV system, Control systems,….

• Groups at ISRO (Ind. Space Res. Org.) ,……. Control systems, Clean rooms, Large scale fabrication, ......• Over the last two years contacts made with the above

groups opportunities in a GW experiment and explore their possible participation in LIGO-India/Aus.

RRCAT (Next Plan period): Advanced Interferometry (Narrow line width Frequency Stabilised laser development)

The laser will be an injection seeded Nd;YAG or Yb:Silica fiber laser locked to a stabilized reference cavity. The target would be to demonstrate a laser with 1W output and sub-kHz line width and few Hz stability. Scaling up of the power to 10W will be done as the next step.

RRCAT: Advanced Interferometry (Ultraflat Components development)

Development of Ultraflat Optical components such as mirrors for GWD will require augmenting the existing facility with an ion beam figuring system for final correction of the polished optics to /500 or better.

Photonics @ IIT-Madras (& IIT- Kanpur)

11 faculty members (8 in EE, 3 in Physics)10 M. Tech scholars in EE (Photonics)20+ research scholars (M.S. and Ph.D.)

Research specializations➲ Optical communications➲ Fiber lasers➲ Diffractive optical elements➲ Silicon photonics, plasmonics➲ Nonlinear and quantum optics➲ Metrology and instrumentation

Strong industry partnerships

IndIGO 3m Prototype Detector

Funded by TIFR Mumbai on campus (2010)PI: C. S.Unnikrishnan ( INR 3.5cr ~.7 M$ ) Goals of the TIFR 3-m prototype interferometer (to be operational in 2014):

1)1) Research and Training platform Research and Training platform with all the features of the advanced LIGO-like detectors, scaled down to displacement sensitivity around 10-18 m, above 200 Hz.

2) The Indian research platform for features like signal recycling, DC read-out, and most importantly the use of squeezed light and noise reduction (last phase).

3) Instrument for studies on short range gravity and QED force, especially a measurement of the Casimir force in the range 10 -100 microns where no previous measurements exist (Rajalakshmi and Unnikrishnan, Class, Quant. Grav. 27, 215007 (2010).

Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and Astronomy @ IUCAA

• Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF)

• Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate interactions leading to collaborations

• Nodal centres: IUCAA , Pune, India & Caltech, Pasadena, USA.

• Institutions: Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep USA: Caltech, WSU - PI: Rana Adhikari

APPROVED (Dec 2010). Funds received Jul 6, 2011

Concluding Remarks..Concluding Remarks..• Over two decades India has been involved in quality GW research

and been a part of the International GW community

• Since 2009 Indian aspirations involve participation in a major GW experiment eventually leading to a GW detector in India

The Indian Aspirations in GW research are represented by the IndIGO Consortium (since Aug 2009)

• With immense help & encouragement from the International GW community, IndIGO has made significant progress to integrate India into the GWIC road map towards the setting up of a Global GW detector network

• IndIGO is actively pursuing concrete, ambitious, well supported plans to revamp the scale and scope of Indian participation in GW research and GW Astronomy in the coming decades.

**All interested researchers are welcome to join our efforts**

Thank you !!!Thank you !!!