WaterAid Tanzania Policy Programme

Strengthening Design, Finance and Delivery of

Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes under PRSPs

February 2004Kampala

Indicator:Proportion of households with access to safe drinking water (in rural and urban areas).

Target:Raise the proportion of the rural population that has access to safe and clean water from 48.5 percent in 2000 to 55 percent in 2003.

Initiative:Rehabilitation of malfunctioning water supply schemes, protection of water sources, and some expansion of new schemes (to be determined by local communities);

The PRS and Water

There are no explicit references to :

1. Affordability

2. Time or distance to source

3. Sanitation indicators or targets

4. Water resources and water for livelihoods

The PRS and Water - Some limitations

Public spending on water

and sanitation

Livelihood outcomes

Analysing policy implementation

Composition of spending

Public provision of

services

Total consumption of

servicesBudget

Analysis

Benefit Incidence

Public Expenditure

Review

Expenditure Tracking

Detailed impact studies

Composition of service

providers

Percentage of rural households using improved water sources

Regional variation in access to improved Regional variation in access to improved water sourceswater sources

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000/1 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6

Tanzanian Shillings (billions)

Development Donor

Development GoT

Recurrent Local Councils

Recurrent OC - MoW

Recurrent PE - MoW

Expenditure on water - actual and planned

Development Expenditure: Actual, Approved and Planned (2000/01 - 2002/03)

Item Project Name 2000/2001 2001/2002 2002/2003 L/G Donor

Total Dev. Local Foreign Total Dev Local Foreign Total Dev Local Foreign

3228 Training on Specialized Skills

18,000,000 18,000,000 0 19,517,000 19,517,000 0 19,517,000 19,517,000 0

3267 Water Sector Coordination & Monitoring

116,500,000 111,500,000 5,000,000 0 0 0 246,319,500 163,902,000 82,417,500 G UNICEF

3378 Design and Studies 1,029,000,000 279,000,000 750,000,000 777,356,000 252,356,000 525,000,000 187,556,000 187,556,000 0 L ADB

2310 Nile River basin Initiative (NRBI)

20,000,000 20,000,000 0 21,687,000 21,687,000 0 23,687,000 23,687,000 0

4981 River Basin Mang. And Small Irrigation

2,310,000,000 210,000,000 2,100,000,000 227,709,000 227,709,000 0 995,664,600 220,709,000 774,955,600 L W/B

3211 L. Victoria Environ. Manag. Project

1,896,500,000 46,500,000 1,850,000,000 50,421,000 50,421,000 0 35,421,000 35,421,000 0 L W/B

3280 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project

1,615,000,000 50,000,000 1,565,000,000 54,216,000 54,216,000 0 2,235,000,000 75,000,000 2,160,000,000 L IDA

3307 Construction of Urbarn Water Supply

0 - 0 5,827,166,000 272,166,000 5,555,000,000 115,040,000 115,040,000 0 L IDA

4931 L. Victoria Shinyanga Kahama

0 0 0 - 0 0 390,000,000 390,000,000 0

5450 Constr & Rehab. Of Sewerage Systems

0 0 0 1,152,082,000 264,082,000 888,000,000 2,653,793,800 160,082,000 2,493,711,800 G EU

4980 Management of Country Water Basins

7,000 7,000 0 150,962,000 70,481,000 80,481,000 80,481,000 80,481,000 0

3223 Borehole Drilling and dam Construction

390,000,000 390,000,000 0 422,889,000 422,889,000 0 379,766,000 379,766,000 0

FRG

NETHER

CHINA

ADF

JAP

FRANCE

FRANCE

ADF

IDA

FRG

CHINA

EU

FRANCE

4359 Water Resources Institute

45,000,000 45,000,000 0 48,795,000 48,795,000 0 41,795,000 41,795,000 0

3204 Rehabilitation of Earth Moving Equip.

180,000,000 180,000,000 0 195,179,000 195,179,000 0 165,000,000 165,000,000 0

18,854,007,000 2,334,007,000 16,520,000,000 14,414,964,000 2,966,483,000 11,448,481,000 41,400,687,600 3,164,256,000 38,236,431,600

Source: Kitabu cha Nne Makadirio ya Fedha za Serikali Mipango ya Maendeleo (Wizara na Mikoa) June 2003

Total Expenditure Water Sector

Actual Expenditure

20,351,588,100 154,300,0003306 Urbarn Water Supply Rehabilitation

8,470,000,000 420,000,000

5,339,096,100 511000000

G8,050,000,000 4,855,419,000 455,419,000 4,400,000,000

91,084,000 91,084,000 0

20,197,288,100

205,000,000 5,715,772,000 G

3261 DAWASA 2,284,000,000 84,000,000 4,828,096,100 L2,200,000,000

G

3216 Expansion of Rural Water Supply

276,000,000 276,000,000 0 299,275,000 299,275,000 0 5,920,772,000

3252 Rehabilitation of Rural Water Supply

204,000,000 204,000,000

Approved Expenditure Estimates

0 221,207,000 221,207,000 0 2,220,190,500 236,000,000 1,984,190,500

Development Expenditure: Actual, Approved and Planned (2000/01 - 2002/03)

Item Project Name 2000/2001 2001/2002 2002/2003 L/G Donor

Total Dev. Local Foreign Total Dev Local Foreign Total Dev Local Foreign

3228 Training on Specialized Skills

18,000,000 18,000,000 0 19,517,000 19,517,000 0 19,517,000 19,517,000 0

3267 Water Sector Coordination & Monitoring

116,500,000 111,500,000 5,000,000 0 0 0 246,319,500 163,902,000 82,417,500 G UNICEF

3378 Design and Studies 1,029,000,000 279,000,000 750,000,000 777,356,000 252,356,000 525,000,000 187,556,000 187,556,000 0 L ADB

2310 Nile River basin Initiative (NRBI)

20,000,000 20,000,000 0 21,687,000 21,687,000 0 23,687,000 23,687,000 0

4981 River Basin Mang. And Small Irrigation

2,310,000,000 210,000,000 2,100,000,000 227,709,000 227,709,000 0 995,664,600 220,709,000 774,955,600 L W/B

3211 L. Victoria Environ. Manag. Project

1,896,500,000 46,500,000 1,850,000,000 50,421,000 50,421,000 0 35,421,000 35,421,000 0 L W/B

3280 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project

1,615,000,000 50,000,000 1,565,000,000 54,216,000 54,216,000 0 2,235,000,000 75,000,000 2,160,000,000 L IDA

3307 Construction of Urbarn Water Supply

0 - 0 5,827,166,000 272,166,000 5,555,000,000 115,040,000 115,040,000 0 L IDA

4931 L. Victoria Shinyanga Kahama

0 0 0 - 0 0 390,000,000 390,000,000 0

5450 Constr & Rehab. Of Sewerage Systems

0 0 0 1,152,082,000 264,082,000 888,000,000 2,653,793,800 160,082,000 2,493,711,800 G EU

4980 Management of Country Water Basins

7,000 7,000 0 150,962,000 70,481,000 80,481,000 80,481,000 80,481,000 0

3223 Borehole Drilling and dam Construction

390,000,000 390,000,000 0 422,889,000 422,889,000 0 379,766,000 379,766,000 0

FRG

NETHER

CHINA

ADF

JAP

FRANCE

FRANCE

ADF

IDA

FRG

CHINA

EU

FRANCE

4359 Water Resources Institute

45,000,000 45,000,000 0 48,795,000 48,795,000 0 41,795,000 41,795,000 0

3204 Rehabilitation of Earth Moving Equip.

180,000,000 180,000,000 0 195,179,000 195,179,000 0 165,000,000 165,000,000 0

18,854,007,000 2,334,007,000 16,520,000,000 14,414,964,000 2,966,483,000 11,448,481,000 41,400,687,600 3,164,256,000 38,236,431,600

Source: Kitabu cha Nne Makadirio ya Fedha za Serikali Mipango ya Maendeleo (Wizara na Mikoa) June 2003

Total Expenditure Water Sector

Actual Expenditure

20,351,588,100 154,300,0003306 Urbarn Water Supply Rehabilitation

8,470,000,000 420,000,000

5,339,096,100 511000000

G8,050,000,000 4,855,419,000 455,419,000 4,400,000,000

91,084,000 91,084,000 0

20,197,288,100

205,000,000 5,715,772,000 G

3261 DAWASA 2,284,000,000 84,000,000 4,828,096,100 L2,200,000,000

G

3216 Expansion of Rural Water Supply

276,000,000 276,000,000 0 299,275,000 299,275,000 0 5,920,772,000

3252 Rehabilitation of Rural Water Supply

204,000,000 204,000,000

Approved Expenditure Estimates

0 221,207,000 221,207,000 0 2,220,190,500 236,000,000 1,984,190,500

23.7

24.2

26.3

31.2

36.1

17.7

18.5

17.0

19.0

15.9

58.5

56.4

56.1

49.2

45.8

0.1

0.9

0.5

0.7

2.1

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

1

2

3

4

5

Quintile

Proportion by type of sourcePiped Other protected Unprotected Other

Lowerincome

Higherincome

Household use of water source by expenditure quintile for rural Tanzania

• Anything with a tap was ‘piped’

• Household sizes larger for poorer quintiles

• Wealthier quintiles buy more water so unit subsidy greater

• Piped investments 10 times that of protected investments

Equity and subsidies Piped and Protected Water Supplies

Per capita investment costs by investment typeName of the Project All Piped Mainly Piped Piped and

ProtectedMainly

protectedAll protected

Health through Sanitation and Water Project (HESAWA -SIDA) 6,084 Rural Water Supply Project in Iringa, Ruvuma andMbeya Regions, Tanzania (DANIDA) 62,690 Hai District Water Supply Project III (GTZ/KfW)

143,636 Rural Water Supply East Kilimanjairo Ph. I (GTZ/KFW)

48,333 Monduli District Water supply (ADB)

217,466 Kilosa, Mpwapwa, Morogoro Rural, Kongwa and Rufiji(ADF) 40,000 Dodama, Manyara, Tabora, Singida, DSM (WaterAid)

18,924 Chalinze (China)

140,952 Rural water Supply Singida rural, Hanang, Manyoni andIgunga 2002 (JICA) 143,942 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project - Mpwapwa(IDA) 36,933

Average per capita investment by category 118,077 103,316 27,929 6,084

Kilimanjaro 60/15

Kigoma 41/13

Dodoma 54/6

Coast 10/13

Mara 13/17

Lindi 8/3

Tanga 16/25

Tabora 9/4Kagera 8/21

Shinyanga 22/15

Mwanza 20/25

Mtwara 10/34

Arusha 35/13

Iringa 44/7

Ruvuma 36/10

Morogoro 27/35Mbeya 50/16

Singida 31/28

Rukwa 36/12

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80 100

% of households using improved water sources

Estimated rehabilitation costs

(Tsh millions)

Estimated regional rehabilitation costs against regional coverage (piped + protected)

203/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07

Budget RQ CeilingCeiling as

Percent of RQ RQProposed Allocation RQ

Proposed Allocation

District Level: Rehabilitation of rural water supply schemes 17,130.00 17,130.00 100% 17,986.50 17,986.50 18,885.80 18,885.80 Expansion of rural water supply schemes 10,520.00 10,520.00 100% 11,046.00 11,046.00 11,598.30 11,598.30 Construction of new rural water supply schemes 18,510.00 18,510.00 100% 19,435.50 19,435.50 20,407.30 20,407.30 Promotion of rain water harvesting 750 750 100% 787.5 787.5 826.9 826.9 Promotion of sanitation in rural areas 672 672 100% 705.6 705.6 740.9 740.9 Protection of water sources 741.6 741.6 100% 216.3 216.3 227.1 227.1 Capacity building 1,678.50 1,678.50 100% 1,791.80 1,791.80 1,881.40 1,881.40 Gender mainstreaming & good governance 791 395.5 50% 830.6 415.3 872.1 436 General Administration, retooling & rehab. 3,347.50 1,673.80 50% 5,948.30 5,948.30 6,245.70 6,245.70 Total of Districts Level 54,140.60 52,071.40 96% 58,748.00 58,332.80 61,685.40 61,249.40

Ministerial Level: Rehabilitation of national rural water supply schemes 546.6 546.6 100% 573.9 134.8 602.6 51 Rehabilitation of urban water supply schemes 11,595.00 4,505.00 39% 27,724.30 6,510.20 142,568.00 12,074.40 Promotion of rain water harvesting technology 750 291.4 39% 787.5 184.9 826.9 70 Strengthening of borehole drilling & dam construction 1,725.00 670.2 39% 1,811.30 425.3 1,901.80 161.1 Expand urban water supply system 2,890.20 1,122.90 39% 3,034.70 712.6 3,186.40 269.9 Constructions of new urban water supply systems 1,400.00 543.9 39% 2,272.50 533.6 2,358.10 199.7 Lake Victoria -Kahama & Shnyanga water supply 29,025.00 11,277.10 39% 25,026.30 5,876.70 20,027.60 1,696.20 Strengthening Water resources management 2,732.20 1,061.60 39% 2,868.80 673.7 3,012.30 255.1 Rehabilitation and expansion of sewerage facilities 16,166.00 6,281.00 39% 21,349.80 5,013.40 27,272.30 2,309.80 Protection of water sources 492.4 191.3 39% 646.8 151.9 679.1 57.5 Water quality management 1,224.30 475.7 39% 1,285.60 301.9 1,349.80 114.3

Policy & regulatory framework 850 330.3 39% 955.5 224.4 1,003.30 85 Staff capacity building 2,155.10 837.3 39% 2,262.90 531.4 2,376.00 201.2 Gender mainstreaming & good governance 432 167.8 39% 453.6 106.5 476.3 40.3 General Administration, retooling & rehab. 495 192.3 39% 519.8 122 545.7 46.2 Water sector information 230 89.4 39% 241.5 56.7 253.6 21.5 Total of Ministerial Level: 72,708.90 28,583.90 39% 91,814.60 21,559.90 208,439.80 17,653.30Grand Total 126,849.50 80,655.20 64% 150,562.60 79,892.70 270,125.30 78,902.60

Total Resources 66,495.90 126,849.50 87,749.50 69% 150,562.60 84,871.50 270,125.30 83,303.60 o/w Total Recurrent 18,102.90 20,634.40 21,145.40 21,440.10 Personnel Emoluments 5,325.00 5,540.20 5,761.80 5,901.20 Other Charges 12,777.90 15,094.20 15,383.60 15,538.90 Total Development 48,393.00 67,115.20 63,726.20 61,863.40 Local 6,487.40 6,487.40 6,508.50 7,237.50 Foreign 41,905.60 60,627.80 57,217.60 54,625.90

GRAND TOTAL 66,495.90 126,849.50 87,749.50 69% 150,562.60 84,871.50 270,125.30 83,303.60

Budget Guidelines for Water Sector 2004/5

203/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07

Budget RQ CeilingCeiling as

Percent of RQ RQProposed Allocation RQ

Proposed Allocation

District Level: Rehabilitation of rural water supply schemes 17,130.00 17,130.00 100% 17,986.50 17,986.50 18,885.80 18,885.80 Expansion of rural water supply schemes 10,520.00 10,520.00 100% 11,046.00 11,046.00 11,598.30 11,598.30 Construction of new rural water supply schemes 18,510.00 18,510.00 100% 19,435.50 19,435.50 20,407.30 20,407.30 Promotion of rain water harvesting 750 750 100% 787.5 787.5 826.9 826.9 Promotion of sanitation in rural areas 672 672 100% 705.6 705.6 740.9 740.9 Protection of water sources 741.6 741.6 100% 216.3 216.3 227.1 227.1 Capacity building 1,678.50 1,678.50 100% 1,791.80 1,791.80 1,881.40 1,881.40 Gender mainstreaming & good governance 791 395.5 50% 830.6 415.3 872.1 436 General Administration, retooling & rehab. 3,347.50 1,673.80 50% 5,948.30 5,948.30 6,245.70 6,245.70 Total of Districts Level 54,140.60 52,071.40 96% 58,748.00 58,332.80 61,685.40 61,249.40

Ministerial Level: Rehabilitation of national rural water supply schemes 546.6 546.6 100% 573.9 134.8 602.6 51 Rehabilitation of urban water supply schemes 11,595.00 4,505.00 39% 27,724.30 6,510.20 142,568.00 12,074.40 Promotion of rain water harvesting technology 750 291.4 39% 787.5 184.9 826.9 70 Strengthening of borehole drilling & dam construction 1,725.00 670.2 39% 1,811.30 425.3 1,901.80 161.1 Expand urban water supply system 2,890.20 1,122.90 39% 3,034.70 712.6 3,186.40 269.9 Constructions of new urban water supply systems 1,400.00 543.9 39% 2,272.50 533.6 2,358.10 199.7 Lake Victoria -Kahama & Shnyanga water supply 29,025.00 11,277.10 39% 25,026.30 5,876.70 20,027.60 1,696.20 Strengthening Water resources management 2,732.20 1,061.60 39% 2,868.80 673.7 3,012.30 255.1 Rehabilitation and expansion of sewerage facilities 16,166.00 6,281.00 39% 21,349.80 5,013.40 27,272.30 2,309.80 Protection of water sources 492.4 191.3 39% 646.8 151.9 679.1 57.5 Water quality management 1,224.30 475.7 39% 1,285.60 301.9 1,349.80 114.3

Policy & regulatory framework 850 330.3 39% 955.5 224.4 1,003.30 85 Staff capacity building 2,155.10 837.3 39% 2,262.90 531.4 2,376.00 201.2 Gender mainstreaming & good governance 432 167.8 39% 453.6 106.5 476.3 40.3 General Administration, retooling & rehab. 495 192.3 39% 519.8 122 545.7 46.2 Water sector information 230 89.4 39% 241.5 56.7 253.6 21.5 Total of Ministerial Level: 72,708.90 28,583.90 39% 91,814.60 21,559.90 208,439.80 17,653.30Grand Total 126,849.50 80,655.20 64% 150,562.60 79,892.70 270,125.30 78,902.60

Total Resources 66,495.90 126,849.50 87,749.50 69% 150,562.60 84,871.50 270,125.30 83,303.60 o/w Total Recurrent 18,102.90 20,634.40 21,145.40 21,440.10 Personnel Emoluments 5,325.00 5,540.20 5,761.80 5,901.20 Other Charges 12,777.90 15,094.20 15,383.60 15,538.90 Total Development 48,393.00 67,115.20 63,726.20 61,863.40 Local 6,487.40 6,487.40 6,508.50 7,237.50 Foreign 41,905.60 60,627.80 57,217.60 54,625.90

GRAND TOTAL 66,495.90 126,849.50 87,749.50 69% 150,562.60 84,871.50 270,125.30 83,303.60

Budget Guidelines for Water Sector 2004/5

Restructuring of Input to Budget Guidelines - District water transfers

Increase in rural water supply allocations

Budget Guidelines 2004/5

2003/4

allocation Tsh

2004/5

allocation Tsh

Rural 17.3 bn 52.5 bn

Urban 21.3 bn 23.0 bn

Implementation Capacity?

Budget Guidelines 2004/5…

Pro-Poor Targeting - Piped versus protected investments?

Sanitation

Contentious sub-votes - Lake victoria, DDCA, Other Charges

Comparing across sectorsThe 31% rise in overall ceiling for the water sector is matched by the following rises in other priority sectors; Education +10%, Health +35%, Judiciary +7%, Agriculture +25%, Roads +25%, HIV/AIDS +100%

Foreign flexibility?

Time spent fetching water Time spent fetching water (to go, wait, collect and return home -(to go, wait, collect and return home - not necessarily dry season

source)

From the National Water Policy:The new strategy, in conformity with ongoing reforms in the public sector, is for Government to change its role from being implementer to a regulator, facilitator and coordinator.

Building Blocks

From the PRSP:Reform of the public sector (including central and local Government), being supported under PRGF, PSAC-I, Public Service Reform Programme (PSRC) and by other initiatives supported by international partners

Main drinking water supply for Main drinking water supply for households households

1991-2000. 1991-2000. (HBS)(HBS)