View
221
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
INDICATIONS OF ZINC INDICATIONS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY FOR LITHUANIAN DEFICIENCY FOR LITHUANIAN
POPULATION AND ITS POPULATION AND ITS GEOMEDICAL CONTROLGEOMEDICAL CONTROL
Marija JakubMarija Jakubėėniennienė*, ė*, Gediminas Žukauskas*, Gediminas Žukauskas*, Saulius Šliaupa**Saulius Šliaupa**
**Institute of Forensic Medicine of Institute of Forensic Medicine of Mykolas Romeris UniversityMykolas Romeris University** Institute of Geology and ** Institute of Geology and GeographyGeography
Vilnius, LithuaniaVilnius, Lithuania
SCIENTIFIC NETWORKING AND THE GLOBAL HEALTH SUPERCOURSE FOR THE PREVENTION OF THREAT FROM MAN MADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS
August 8-10, 2005, Kaunas, Lithuania
Worrying health and social Worrying health and social problemsproblems
• Increased general morbidity and Increased general morbidity and mortality in Lithuaniamortality in Lithuania
• The biggest suicide rate among The biggest suicide rate among European countries (44.5/100 000 European countries (44.5/100 000 inhabitants)inhabitants)
• Nearly epidemic status with Nearly epidemic status with tuberculosis (86/100 000)tuberculosis (86/100 000)
• High level of alcohol delirium High level of alcohol delirium • Increased number of alopecia among Increased number of alopecia among
young peopleyoung people
ESSENTIALITY OF ZINC FOR ESSENTIALITY OF ZINC FOR HUMANHUMAN
• Zinc functions as a required cofactor for over Zinc functions as a required cofactor for over 200 metalloenzymes;200 metalloenzymes;
• Zinc is an essential component of the Zinc is an essential component of the endogenous storage forms of pancreatic insulin;endogenous storage forms of pancreatic insulin;
• Zinc play a very important role in RNA and DNA Zinc play a very important role in RNA and DNA metabolism;metabolism;
• Zinc is essential for immune system, growth Zinc is essential for immune system, growth and sex hormones;and sex hormones;
• Zinc is involved in the pathophysiology and Zinc is involved in the pathophysiology and therapy of depression.therapy of depression.
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ZINC FOR BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ZINC FOR LIVING ORGANIZMS LIVING ORGANIZMS
(HISTORY OF DISCAVERIES)(HISTORY OF DISCAVERIES)• J.Raulin (1869) – essentiality of zinc in the nutrition of J.Raulin (1869) – essentiality of zinc in the nutrition of
Aspergillus Niger;Aspergillus Niger;• V.Birckner (1919) – first indication of a function for zinc in V.Birckner (1919) – first indication of a function for zinc in
the higher animals;the higher animals;• A.Sommer, C.Lipman (1928) – the essentiality of zinc for the A.Sommer, C.Lipman (1928) – the essentiality of zinc for the
higher form of plant life;higher form of plant life;• W.Todd (1934) – first evidence that zinc is a dietary essential W.Todd (1934) – first evidence that zinc is a dietary essential
for the rat;for the rat;• W.Tucker, W.Salmon (1955) – zinc cures and prevents W.Tucker, W.Salmon (1955) – zinc cures and prevents
parakeratozis in pigs;parakeratozis in pigs;• B. O’Dell (1960) – zinc requirements for growth, feathering, B. O’Dell (1960) – zinc requirements for growth, feathering,
and skeletal development in poultry;and skeletal development in poultry;• A.Prasad (1961) – the relation of the occurrence of dwarfism A.Prasad (1961) – the relation of the occurrence of dwarfism
and hypogonadism in boys in parts of the Middle East.and hypogonadism in boys in parts of the Middle East.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATUIONS IN MILD TO MODERATE CASES OF ZINC DEFICIENCY
Oligospermia
Slight weight loss
Delayed wound healing
Taste abnormalities Abnormal dark adaption
CLINICAL MANIFESTATUIONS IN SEVERE CASES
OF ZINC DEFICIENCY
Bullous-pustulardermatitis
Infections
Hypogonadism in males
Emotional disorders(depression, paranoia)
Depletion of immunity
Alopecia Alcoholism
Other symptoms of Zinc deficiency (Each person manifests different symptoms)
Hypo-hyper-tension
Diabetes
Obesity Acne Infertility Thyroid disorders
Pfeiffer C.C., 1978Jensen B., 1983
Zn deficiency may lead to expressedFe, Cu, Cd, Pb accumulations,essentially on the background of alcohol abuse. They are functional antagonists to Zn.
Zn deficiency symptoms result
from
Nutritional
factors
Excessive alcohol use
Liver diseases
Malabsorption syndromes Renal disease
Sickle cell disease
Nutritional factors:Nutritional factors:
• Consumption of cereal proteins containing Consumption of cereal proteins containing high levels of fibers known as phylates;high levels of fibers known as phylates;
• Geochemical characteristics of soil Geochemical characteristics of soil (decreased level of zinc in cultures grown (decreased level of zinc in cultures grown in the regions with depleted content of zinc in the regions with depleted content of zinc in soil).in soil).
• 20% of the world’s people suffer from zinc 20% of the world’s people suffer from zinc deficient diet (the report of International deficient diet (the report of International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group, 2004)Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group, 2004)
Zn content in soil of LithuaniaZn content in soil of Lithuania
Different filtering window
Rates of suicides in different regions of Rates of suicides in different regions of LithuaniaLithuania
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
8 5
9 0
9 5
1 0 0
3 73 83 94 04 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 95 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 96 06 16 2
Three anomaliesexcluded
Rates of suicides in different Rates of suicides in different regions of Lithuaniaregions of Lithuania (three (three anomalies excluded)anomalies excluded)
3 73 83 94 04 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 95 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 96 06 16 2
Zn in soil
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Aly
taus
L
azdi
jųV
arėn
os
Jona
vos
Kai
šiad
orių
K
auno
K
ėdai
nių
Pri
enų
Ras
eini
ų K
laip
ėdos
Kre
ting
os
Skuo
do
Šilu
tės
Mar
ijam
pol
Šaki
ų V
ilka
višk
io
Bir
žų
Kup
iški
o P
anev
ėžio
P
asva
lio
Rok
iški
o A
kmen
ės
Joni
škio
K
elm
ės
Pak
ruoj
o R
advi
lišk
io
Šiau
lių
Jurb
arko
Ši
lalė
sT
aura
gės
Maž
eiki
ų P
lung
ės
Tel
šių
Any
kšči
ų Ig
nali
nos
Mol
ėtų
Ute
nos
Zar
asų
Šalč
inin
kų
Širv
intų
Šv
enči
onių
T
rakų
U
kmer
gės
Vil
niau
s
Su
icid
es r
ate,
N/1
00 0
00
The rates of suicides in different regions of Lithuania (average rate for four years:1999, 2001, 2002, 2003).
Average rate of suicides for 45 regions – 57.6/100 000Average rate in regions with low zinc content in soil – 63.2/100 000
Average rate in regions with highest zinc abundance in soil – 51.2/100 000
Concentration of ZN in the soil (top and bottom), circum-Baltic area
Lithuania (after Reimann et al., 2003)
Comparison of the average Zn content Comparison of the average Zn content in soil with rates of suicides in Nordic in soil with rates of suicides in Nordic
and Baltic countriesand Baltic countries
0
5
10
15
Rat
es o
f ho
mic
ides
Homicides
10
20
30
40
50
Rat
es o
f su
icid
es
Suicides
30
40
50
60
70Z
inc
cont
ent
Zn content
Est
onia
Fin
land
Lat
via
Lit
huan
ia
Nor
way
Swed
enE
sto
nia
Fin
lan
d La
tvia
Lith
ua
ni
a No
rwa
y Sw
ed
en
Concentration of zinc in various biomedia of patients with
alopecia accordingly to the age
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
a) Whole Blood
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Zn,
mg/
100
ml
Age of patients, years4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
Fig. 2. Concentration of zinc in various biologicalmedia accordingly to the age of patients
b) Blood Plasma
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Zn,
mg/
100
ml
Age of patients, years
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 360,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
c) Urine
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Zn,
mg/
l
Age of patients, years4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55 d) Hair
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Zn,
mg/
100g
Age of patients, years
4 8 12 16 200,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
Fig. 4. Concentration of Zn in the Blood Plasma of Persons from Control Group
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Zn,
mg/
100m
l
Age of subjects, years
Zinc in blood plasma of persons
from control group
ZN DEFICIENCY AND ZN DEFICIENCY AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (1)EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (1)
02468
101214
Est
onia
Fin
land
Lat
via
Lit
huan
ia
Nor
way
Swed
en
Average sales of alcoholic beverages in litres in 1995-2002
ZN DEFICIENCY AND ZN DEFICIENCY AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (2)EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (2)
0
20
40
60
80E
sto
nia
Fin
lan
d
Lat
via
Lit
hu
ania
No
rway
Sw
eden
Rates of alkohol liver disease in 2002
Men
Women
ZN DEFICIENCY AND ZN DEFICIENCY AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (3)EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (3)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
Con
cent
ratio
n, m
g/dL
Case number
Zn
Hepatitis
0 5 10 15 20 25
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
ZnCirrhosis
Zinc serum concentration in patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis
n=33 n=22
ZN DEFICIENCY AND EXCESSIVE ZN DEFICIENCY AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE (4)ALCOHOL USE (4)
a
a
a
Alcohol use
Liv
er d
isea
sesZn deficiency
Emotional disorder
Excessive alcohol use
Zn deficiency
Nutritional factors
Behavior disorder
Personality disorder
Anxiety disorder
Depressive disorder
Suicides
What are criteria for zinc What are criteria for zinc deficiency status for deficiency status for
human?human?• Necessity to have normal ranges of this Necessity to have normal ranges of this
element for specific population;element for specific population;• Depleted concentration of element in Depleted concentration of element in
blood compartments, selected tissues blood compartments, selected tissues and body fluids;and body fluids;
• Knowledge about interaction of zinc in Knowledge about interaction of zinc in organism with another elements;organism with another elements;
• The influence on health status of such The influence on health status of such geofactors as gravity and magnetic geofactors as gravity and magnetic field, sub-soil lithologies, relief, some field, sub-soil lithologies, relief, some other landscape feature, drinking water other landscape feature, drinking water and soil chemistry. and soil chemistry.
FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS:FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS:
1. Monitoring of elements in biological 1. Monitoring of elements in biological specimens for Lithuanian people and specimens for Lithuanian people and establishment of normal ranges;establishment of normal ranges;
2. Participation in comparative 2. Participation in comparative investigation of elements in biological investigation of elements in biological specimens for different populations;specimens for different populations;
3. Investigation of the influence of 3. Investigation of the influence of geofactors on health status of geofactors on health status of different population.different population.
Thank you very much Thank you very much for your attention !!!for your attention !!!