the
CAMBRIDGE
J
MEMBER
OF
been
your hearty encourage-
ment, I hope
them
to
you,
not
only
as
a
token
of
my
sincere
friendship which has
I
trust,
of our
throw upon
I have
agree
from whatever quarter it
more combination of facts, these
are his quest.
unrequited ; we want
the labours of Sir
Hayman Wilson, but what
the
and
Lectures,
quietly
in which
the
things
to our
consequence
particularly
and I
yet
that
minds
of
others.
Yours
affectionately,
F.
MAX
MULLER.
Oxford,
I hesitated for
their
if
greater
importance
to
could
give,
would
hardly
Examiners,
but
which
has
a
permanent
to
prepare
them-
selves
convinced,
a
University
has
done
more,
Unfortunately
required
for
passing
one
which
And nowhere is
course
determined for
prescribed,
the
to do.
voluminous,
original
labour
England
more
than
with
the
poems
in
the
German
even
studying
Sanskrit?
There
are
ture
with
in
copying
teach
us
nothing
that
we
care
to
know
V
This
seems
misconception,
to
useful
and
Babylon.
You
India
teach
us?
True,
India has to
one
sense,
very
point to
on the
native
deal more of
his stay
India
teems
the
province
'
fables
legends and
on the lion's
donkey, being
nearly starved,
legends
of
India
and
legends
of
East.
That
at
the
time
exported
Kanjur,
them let
had the
other beaten
any
country
in
trasts
and
rials are
tury A.
d., and
Laws,
least
 
for more
thing else—
can
be
and
which alone has
which,
as
often
foundation of all national
have
at first seem
you
better than
anywhere else,
un-
explored,
and
allow
you
known
before,
the
deepest
sym-
India
of
history,
the
history
of
ourselves,
of
our
true
and
freely
interpreted.
out of
passage
the world.
particularly
if
he
we came, and
what
we
call
our
own.
History
our
own
descent.
Now
the Romans,
ancestors
,to
him,
before him
had done
Life
would
be
to
in
the rest
assembled,
owe
to
Babylon,
to
Nineveh,
to
Egypt,
such as
and
Romans,
and
it
decimated
our
watches,
minutes.
Everyone
who
writes
been, we
owe it
they
were
1
these isles,
is called
But
have
been
and Man.
as it is,
Persia
But
what
is
far
more
important
a certain
likeness
between
ferences
too
branches of
course,
six, or five,
only
Aryan
Separation.
If
we
Gndagni,
meaning
fire,
Scottish ingle,
to show
die, and
the
mouse
that, at
named, was
of its own,
not to be
enemy of
time,
Sanskrit mar^ara and vidkla. In
Greek and
the cat,
ya\etj
and a'lXovpos,
mustella and
A.D., we
ration, can
stones
the history
of the
to
us
Italy,
and
Germany,
Sanskrit
as
a
perfect
meeting point,
languages only
to be
arrive
at
such
of existence,
Who will
say how
is the use
the same
taught
now
like the open-
wrong,
tionaries to be quite sure of their accents,
would
admit
a
-the
Brahmans.
I
remember
too
how,
when
Eussian.
joke,
on the
before
which
one
round, till at
a
liberal
or
ropean
widely extended
we
in
possession
ever.
is quite
were
into
an
Eng-
lishman,
or a Hindu
of
all
these
characters.
A
of
whom
must
learn
such
modern
ancestors,
as
Normans,
heart
rejoices,
and
we
one, two,
to arrange
them and
to be
so many
is
nothing
left
for
ever been revealed
common, if
together
thousands
cunning
of
Sanskrit,
an
historical
education,
to
determine
all that
if only
what
Sir
William
Jones
years ago,
England,
and
saw
India,
were
not
seeing
visions :
and
this
was
the
:
'
of
the
day,
that
of
ancient monarchs,
Arabia
how
to
change
is
now
dreams to
will
do
them.
made
him
to
conquer
we are ac-
customed to in
England that the
twenty or twenty-
pursuits
by
which
life
—
even more offensive
to the recognised principles of self-respect,
upright-
battle, if
nation,
rests
is doing, and will continue to do more mischief than
anything that
English
dominion
If
the
are all
liars, liars
;
nay,
approve
of
cheating
and
robbery
not
a
says
about
who has eyes to observe, among the different
races
body and timid in
their
lofty
as
re-
markable
as
their
courage.'
heaped
on
the
of
every
historian,
namely,
the most
I
had
to
to
himself
short
and
easy
and the Anglo-Indian newspapers,
new Civil servants with
usually
come
under
in daily
say
riably petty, and
in
other
and
there being
any servility,
there was
say that
frankness
is
one
of the
of
industry,
1
was
Where
that
feature
was
lost,
character.
There
is,
Sen,
lately
intimate terms
which
I
consider
most
have
happened
to
give
a
them
barbarism,
That
courts
consult Sir Thomas Munro,
so many words
lists.'
In
fact,
he
put
a
man
to
death
whenever
hardly ever
to her
approbation he values,
assured, that
narrative,
rely upon
understood
by
those
Sleeman
so
accurate
lived chiefly
character.
who
does
should
now
call
village-life
the whole
whole
of
India
is
villages. Even
and
the
Hindus
and
Mussulmans,
p. 324.
grave does perjury
is more likely
the traditions
village
the
at home, is
is honoured
by the
successful
the
rules
of
could never
1
as well as
the bright ideas
of the Indian
a neighbour-
ing plain.
Of these
have
such
nation's
character.
he was
and
in the
deponent's hand.
'
time I have found
were,
you divide
'
a motive for it,
enable me
to act
it.
curtain, and you will
—
and wish
see
of strong
Koran or
the
of
their
village.'
of the village-commu-
and
cities
ques-
tioned
before
natives of
read the
atrocities committed
have
survived
such
an
Inferno
and
virtue
3
every-
thing
accounts
century),
summing
up
famous
for
these
qualities
that
people
flock
to
their
country
from
every
side.'
allowed
which
at
people
of
Lesser
enjoy
of
the
Emperor
Akbar,
truth,
may
well
ask,
of the native character. Even in England, few know
much of the people beyond
their own
class, and
learn from
religion
and
manners
put
well as
have
no
share
in
those
numerous
occurrences
of
by passion,
honest
and
severe
on
the
native
limited. Those
Hindus whom
I have
has natu-
of
to a
Government Report
human
nature.
During
the
last
America.
They
have
have
been
repeatedly
told
by
English
merchants
that
commercial
honour
stands
for
truth
is
full
to
consider
truth
or
Stanley,
true
papers,
whatever
;
by
the
true,
4
was
born
Samvatsara,
the
year,
he
seven
by
tells
a
he,
!'
the lighted fire
carried
in
7
The
rash promise given
father. But
and
courtier,
says,
is attached to
stay
is
one,
fathers)
be offered
others
to
yourselves,
embrace
whatever
assertion
is
supported
by
reason.
Adhere
to
what
is
anything
truth
in
a
serpent.
is truth
important
events
in
the
story
of
the
Mahabharata,
is
due
to
his
open
He
told
them
the
of the Maha-
And
He
knows
charge of
about
iooo
You
might
to
speak
the
truth
before
a
cat,
as
a
Hindu
before
a
Mohammedan
judge.
If
hard, nay how
is
a
short
story
in
of
deep
the
fires
must
find traces
of that
will
soon
you
you
pamphlet written
astonishing
you
will
teach
their
1
/Satapatha
of
/Satapatha
Brahmawa,
translated
by
so
much
abused
by
Mill,
sees
them
'
is the refuge
what is
chievous,
more
young
Civil
to go
prejudice that India is and always must be
a
strange
have
to
live
there
a race
truth, that they
antiquarian,
has
all
events
B.C.,
if
not
language
There is
birth,
translate
his
words
language
him
in
his
own
2
third cen-
ceased
to
exceptions, as,
Kalidasa and others,
are themselves not
of
Sanskrit
is
more
widely
is
a
written in
Sanskrit. There
which must
to the
published likewise at Benares,
1
for copies
with Anglo-Saxon
visitors,
and
banish-
few
people
present
of India,
and
would
knows
special
ver-
Tamil.
can
only
power
for, namely
or kindred
and
that
the
con-
demnation
of
the
classical
century of English rule, Sanskrit litera-
ture has ceased to be a motive power in India, and
that
it
can
teach
us
nothing
such as we
now have them,
over three
of
works
which
quoted by
learn from them
young
scholar
to
draw
young
up
amounts to
high road, or, it is
perhaps
It
may
be
re-
perhaps
human
who
are
prepared
the state-
reflected at
;
best
known
to
at
large.
ending
with
Daya-
or
Indo-Scy-
thians,
simply
because
I
our
knowledge
of
after their
their
re-
lationship
described
as
of
between
their
Chinese
they
were
identified
by
Eemusat
1
with
satisfied with the
the
greatest
or,
Their
;
in
the
Brahmanical
litera-
to the
3
See
state
of
that
happen
in
Rajahs, or make
else
would
people
of
might
priestly
absence
complete cessation of literary
have made a
to
that
dialects, and
literature. It here
extent, supplement
the literature
ancient
of the
even,
may
compositions,
1
in
metronomy,
grammar,
and
etymology;
whoever
cares
for
the
first
Vedic
period
of
Buddhism
may
at
known in Europe,
terms
of
highest
admiration.
It
did even in
the
Indians
looked
upon
any
ful if our doubts can
be
removed
before that
frequently quoted
true
; but
the
conviction
the
Turanian
1
Published
by
Fleet
in
the
intervening
deluge.
these
verses
are
not
to
be
found in the presence or absence in them of any
reference
to
written
Manu's
metrical
code
shows
witnesses,
events
for
commercial
than Ya^iia-
keep
attractive,
subject. Vishwu
often agrees
also Stenzler,
study of
$akuntalas.
friends
such
as
Guizot,
Thiers,
'Mignet,
pupils
and
his
ancient Sanskrit literature
his
character, the passive
black-skinned
war
when
the
great
mass
of
to have
1
as
are
repre-
sented to us in the hymns of the Eig-veda, the system of castes,
as it
would have
been a
Aryas
builders,
or
the
great
majority
of
and
there.
There
is
a
quiet
enjoyment
not
when I
India as if it were the work of the nine-
teenth century,
we
like
to
con-
fess
to
others,
apart
for
rest
of
what
the
Greeks
called
thought-
less
rest.
But
Sundays,
whether
moments,
rare
though
moments
here,
but
and
in
these
Northern
climates,
where
and
European
by
education,
by
horses,
satisfaction
business,
quite
perfect
But
consider
1
and
a
little
more of thought, and a little more of rest. For,
short
have
forward
to,
their solution
1
Why
should
we
But there
be
entirely
ignored.
events was,
and
strength,
where
the
simplest
stepped
should
have
looked
Holyday,
wealth
upward
of that
mystery which
notions of
life as
or
great
problems
of
life,
but,
therefore
been
entirely
wasted.
go
to
the
fountain-head
of
Indian
we
in
you
may
still
of
fear,
for
foam
6
why
our
wealth,
they
all
again
on new
bodies which
man, no fire
dwelling ofthe Selfwho
acceptation,
vast
proportions,
mind
like
a
Infinite.
eter-
nity.
us this
lie
our
duties,
to be
individual,
distinguish
between
religion
and
change his own
religion,
a
man
A
sense,
unconscious
of
or
the
step
must
on the
what
by
individual
know, what after all is the most
important
point,
growth. The
growth has always
them,
inhabitants of India.
meric hymns.
But the
the sun,
names
nothing
irrational,
nothing
I
mean
we
perhaps it
or,
manifesta-
tion
what
is
child
who
beats
the
human
mind
which
has
been
preserved
rature,
Greece or
nothing
can
be
more
learn,
of to-day
to-day
what
the
Hindus
were
no
longer
3000
years
ago.
Why
of civil-
be
misunderstood.
more
than
I
should
willingly
traditions and
songs of
haVe
a
nearer
approach
Hottentots
or
has
believe
that
namely, that
We must
that
people
^riree
with
prudent
man,
or,
if
you
is
nothing
I maintain that
the reigns of Babylonian
than the dates
documents, which
be
studied.
I have given translations of
a
translation
of
tr
r
on the mere
surface of Vedic
e
ready
the first
mean
by
primitive
nature
of the case, we can hope to gain any knowledge
and here, next
treasury of words
true
anthropologist,
mankind, than
centre of
is
argument
is new,
Besides,
may
be
safely
criticism,
not
and
been
acted
that can
an
opinion
as
and
Komans,
the
and
useful
ploughman
our
laws,
the
first
pro-
word,
i.
e.
past,
but
not
lost.
here
in
England
be
climates
as
admitting
that
the
of those
which we value
we
must
to be
which
no
contain,
by
the
nevertheless are
of
that
some
not truly-
population of India,
of
Brahmans,
case,
of
its
as they say
would probably feel inclined to urge
the
same
cautions
against
poems
also.
No
they
were
known
But
us
the
Homeric
poems
the Greeks
writers
were
few,
the
the number
smallest
at sacrifices,
There
never
to
have
SindhasaA, the
the whole of
a perfect
class,
or
of
the
village
community
there remains
Eig-
veda,
in elaborate
and
men,
the
and
instead
of
miraculous discovery,
some critics
stand aloof
because
or
stones,
or
be-
can sympathise,
intellect,
we
as
Vedic
in the
from Egypt,
;
Persian
influ-
extensive
becomes
difficult
the
task
involve
very
wide
consequences.
There
is
one
a horse, an
does
not
occur
again
by
from
Ba-
bylon
mana
hirarayaya.
2
Grassman
translates,
Gerath
oder
Gewicht'
(Gold).
3
According
mina of gold,'
dual,
and
translate,
poets should
have borrowed
this one
breath for
has been
supposed to
seven Nakshatras,
a
kind
of
lunar
Zodiac,
Full
and
New-moon
sacrifices
(darsapumamasa) ;
the
from night to
of a clock,
poles
the
the
twenty-seven
equal
see
no
poets in India, though I must admit at the
same
is
never
mentioned
before
before
Christ;
and
if
it is important
East
said to
having
JTina
soldiers
method of
into
instances altered
nearer to
movements of
to have
its
old
is
luminaries were
carefully observed
eight parts, suggested
at
all
events,
traditions
very familiar
of
India.
of
Vishnu
similarities between it and the account in
Genesis
hypothesis
that
the
Hindus
nearest
Semitic
neighbours.
I.
8,
i :
a fish
jar.
When
I out-
sea,
and
I
shall
me.
And
when
the
and
the flood."
and
Manu
off,
sub-
year a
cattle. And whatever
that benediction
the middle
of the
singing
praises
with her,
a
Old
Testament,
for
impossible
to
being disproved.
too,
can
be
traced
back
like
a
deluge
1
of
a
deluge,
through divine aid,
of Yishrau.
of a
namely
the
in the seventh
has
early
bably
not
the
Vedas,
brought
1
protected by
us
at least this one relic, in order to teach us what
the
to
if
true
that
nothing
difference
between
the
Bengali.
But
 
Hindus who is
years
ago,
when
I
the
and that it
was of no
use either for
missionaries or for
It was said
in the
as the
Kshatriya,
and
a
Vaisya)
How far this
own caste.
quoted
of the
should
be
made
of
their
nothing
like
Samaj beg to
at
a
time
when
Vedic
learning
extinct
in
the
us
Hindus,
for
says
(Eig-veda
Another
poet
says
the
2
%
gods' (jah
which
ever
so
many
divine
beings
are
from
different
in
power
and
rank,
and
last always. Even gods
purpose
gods,
eaeh
occupying
and
I
pro-
1
of Odinn.
This, as
as in
god,
without
any
slight
being
intended
for
the
that
fall
into
Veda passed
their life.
Now native
the
other
rivers,
spontaneously
and
;
place is in the air; and Silrya, the sun, whose
place
of
just as
a priest,
performs
at
Vedic
gods,
terrestrial,
aerial,
nature might
'
addressed
these
divine
names
the whole
clearly conceived
extracts from a
most
Poly-
and
'Myths
and
Songs
The story,
as told
runs
attains the
the wretched
This was
enabled
"
there.
Eu
replied,
height,
but
left
half
shivered
on
the
myths
that
they
represent
times, any
originally told
Night,'
was
readily
transferred
to
hero
who
of
a
a dark nigbt
and
Maui.
Now
I
Tane,
succeeded.
days, and
the greater
between
Heaven
Maui-
Potiki,
of the Big-veda
Heaven
form the same funda-
and to their former
of the
p.
240.
2
157
drops
that at one
deity
2
. When
invoked
together
they
physical aspects of
ritual,
according to
of
them,
altogether
visible
or
knowable,
dominion. They held
and embraced all
the
sense \ In
India.
We
must
never
forget
works,
a hide
greater
than
heaven
and
1
Rig-veda
IV.
56,
3.
2
also,
father, aye,
so-called
1
Rig-veda
I.
131,
1.
2
Yedic
see it in
Veda
would
sense
the
active
or
human
heart.
all, they belong to
the
Sindhu
(the
Indus)
ing rivers
Vivasvat
can
hardly
be
anything
but
the
earth,
as
the
'
the
of
its
—
is seen
thou
art
streams.
3.
these
down-
rushing
rivers.
5.
'Accept,
G-anga
(Ganges),
us leave here those who were unlucky (the dead), and
let
us
that is,
with the
11,
4;
and
p.
344.
3
with the Sushoma,
the
unconquered
Sindhu,
follows
Ludwig's
opinion.
1
According
Indica, iv. 1
an easy word.
means a
mare,
and
is
chiefly
applied
to
Ushas,
the race.
to
name
of
a
;'
strength
1
riding at the
head of many
English rivers, and
it
a
commanding
view
systems,
or,
as
he
of
rivers
the North-East,
armies
he had
taken
'
be
called
the
runner
1
the
many names
when communication between different
this had been
iooo B.C. We then
of the
Indian rivers,
Vedic
names.
a
great
not
known
to
early
e.
the
the
mouth
of
the
Indus.
pronounced, like the Persian,
h's were
people
Indoi
No more
to a
broad river,
powerful
guardian
can be
it
may
be
west
is
by
calling
the
Ten
from the
mountains
Vipas
and
with the
cannot be determined.
complain
hardly
hope
to
find
traces
I believe I
Khan and
North,
the
Indus
or the sea
in the East.
de Sirmagha,
le Gomal
traverse la
Raghzi,
et
fertilise
bourg
de
Pabarpour."
The
Gomal,
while,
ac-
should
expect
it
South.
It
might
they
felt
and
by
nature, though
them, as it is
in
the
high
praises
what life
did
the
ancient
possession of fire %
Matarisvan, a
back
safe keeping of the clan of the
Blm'gus (Phlegyas)
civilisa-
instead
of
eating
it
fire should
have been
down from
of
the
character of light and
not
only
it,
as
to the rank
the life of plants
ruler,
is a
and
and
lightning,
that trust arose
made on the
by
the sun,
of cause
and effect,
no doubt,
they naturally
the
powers
of
darkness,
have been
so in
nay
the
are stripped
a
new
character
health, and
storm, following
Par^anya
poems of
fellows,'
their ene-
that
when
TWtsus, was pressed
ten
kings,
the rivers
And there are
Joshua's
battle
1
thunder-
storm
seems
The name of
Helios,
Agni
Old
Slavonic,
Varuna
is
Uranos,
Vata
is
sky,
god who
place of Dy-
of
god
of
an
anachron-
ism
that
we
The god,
where
the
atmosphere.
be
helped.
He
called
asura,
the
living
or
life-giving
god,
a
In
several
places
who
pray
for
rain,
pray
may be
the benefits
asunder,
mighty weapon.
messengers
the
lion,
when
bows down,
thou at
let
the
streams
pour
forth
freely
'the
winds
blow,
the
without
bucket
of
lightnings
flash
guiltless
trembles,
simply
but
that
he
guilt
originally
else,
we
know
Par^anya
and
PWthivi,
the
Vayu, the
Maruts,
nay, one
which, like its parallel
rub out,
from
Latin or Celtic, or
part of Lituania fell to the
former,
by
more curious, because they
spoken
languages
; and
there,
in
god of thunder
2
und
schon
wetter
zu
Berlin,
1870,
season
and
guard
our
seed-field,
you to admire
this primitive poetry,
the same
clouds and
its
old
name
1
in
namely
the
character than the
active and fighting
the eyes of
the Veda
the
earth,
place
Vedic
Another
of the
Hindu mind,
background from which he
watches over the world, punishes
the
'
thy keeping,
and
wide
them,
Varuwa.'
9.
You
beyond
the
earth
and
the
sky,
and
as the two
the
it
still
holds
;
'
Every
solar
or spring or
to
be,
a story
a
solar
myth.
No
remind me
shake
beings,
or
gods,
highest
heaven
ascribed
com-
mitting
as
1
two
would not
Deva, or god,
name, meaning
the
laterVedantic
philosopher,
had
a
clear
as well
as I
can, and
I shall
thousand
years,
which
sheets, called Periplus, or
the middle
the
1
because
once,
in
'
writing
was
a
re-
poetical meta-
asked
by
the
students
of
These
inscriptions
are
Buddhist,
fact, there
up these
his
clearly derived
of
alphabet may
was no
doubt quite
not
from memory.
frequenting
the
perfectly
agree
its
employment
earlier
time.
Here
then
face with
a most
to
recover
the
whole
of the
hesitation.
carry
their
me
have
the
the Eig-veda, and
on
under
a
strict
a student
the
so-
contain
nearly
30,000
lines,
years
would
him
not
only
among
the
study
of
1
See
my
article
after
about
three years.
age
study there,
and night,
the
binding
of
his
Yih-king
unicorn
is
perfec-
tion
attained,
both
among
to mouth.'
his
time.
We
that
era Sanskrit
Most likely therefore there were
MSS.
the
Veda
qualified
persons who copy the Veda or learn
it
from
another
the
Brahmanas,
Kshatriyas,
and
parchment, a
even by
name to
prose, existing
victory,
they
would
have
found
'
gods,
particularly
twenty
years
in
con-
sidered
Christ.
Buddhism,
a
religion
the
with
1
think it may
scriptions
1
Certainly not.
from Latin.
the
archaic
the
third
century
b.
c.
grammatical Sanskrit
was no
ceased to
Buddhism
arose,
manhood
of
the
of
the
happens,
that
assumes
from
by
positive
facts,
and such
later
irrationalities.
fectly
later
irrationalities.
This
is
what
difficult, nay
Latin deus. The
so, no
poets.
that our
the sky,
and the
those that
second nave
Spirits.
the bright
commonly in
the West,
customs of the family,
memory
and
the
authority
and
name,
Pitris
or
Fathers,
gradually
shared
in
an instinctive belief in the immortality of the soul.
It is strange, and
of
but
just now
words,
his
authorities.
It
seems
Fathers
The
Persians
e'lSaiXa,
or
rather
e'pya,
qepa
e(rcra/J.evoi
ttovtij
(poiTcovres
eic
alav,
TrXovroSorai
religion, and we
who
Spencer meant
Indo-European
would be
equally true,
religion.
And
on
this
In the Veda the PitWs, or fathers, are invoked to-
gether with the
are not
they
and Devas had each their independent
origin,
and
that
they
represent
two
fathers
on
were
one
X.
2,
7)
having first
nature,
such
having brought out
the
Fathers
conceived
as
the
hymns
life
(again),
protect
who
hither
to
their
grass. Let
them approach,
accept all
this sacrifice.
dawns,
grant
wealth
to
the
generous
mortal
who
for
our obla-
tions, making
your
wealth
well-made
a more
domestic character,
widely
the
modern
ceremonial
one can
full
detail
were
sup-
posed to eat, how many stalks of grass were to be
used
ought
to
be,
held.
All
things which the
passed over, as if
In
order
to
gain
a
little
distinguish
between
Full-moon
sacrifice
3.
The
funeral
and other
important
to
perform
day
by
day.
They
are
for the Devas,
to
ters, the householder had to
throw some oblations into
for
is
offering is the
sacrifice.
Here
again
the
coming
and
lifted man's
higher regions, and
whose
together,
we
that
by a
former is a gnhya,
ancestral
prepare
the
departed
the
ancestral
they
ashes buried,
they
seem
survivors to
half
is
absent,
There
3
priyam atma-
death
as
we
can
carry
nothing
out
with our
thrown
1
. If
lucrative pursuits
of life,
to
gob-
lins.
It
system of
from
a
not
for
likely,
a
father's
departed to
the rank
of a
semestral
ones,
and
lastly
to
before
on
or a marriage,
or joyful
de-
scription
'
re-imbodying
to
the
notions
of
demons
deceased on the day
also
anniversary
of
his
decease
3
castes,
days
also
3
Gobhila
seems
even if
AnvaMrya,
The same difficulties which
confront us when we
and
the
Bali
the
x
Tarkalankara against
at
times the offering of cakes is pradhana, as in the
ttndapitriyagna^ sometimes
in the ofthe ancient
distant, and
symbolic
of
present,
when
is
ridiculed
by
many
wor-
that
many
tral
my
dead
and
them
offered
All Saints' and
of
the
satisfied in
moment-
ary
deviations,
was
discovered
to
run
through
the
whole
1
the
first
perception
of
the
straight
lines
law in
befall, a
law which
speaks within
century
phases of
other religions,
oldest system of philosophy
covered
the
of religion
and
It is true,
a
philosophical
the first germs
quoted
already
from
the
a
3
1
the
so-called
Brahmanas,
and
more
particularly
in
what
nothing
but
Atman, the
Self, far
the Self of
Self,
hidden in the cave, who
dwells
it
came
The
griefs, sees the
to
know
that
God,
who
rejoices,
is
not
con-
taminated
by
the
external
impurities
seen
things
desires
'
are
broken,
when
the
Veda-end,
the
religion
or
the
philo-
sophy,
nothing
will
extinguish
of
a
good
the
a political
I
recommend
Philosophy.
only, that
it is,
turning-point of
his inner
in power
myth-
ology
the senses, behind the mind,
and behind our reason
and
it,
who
wished
to
know,
not
far
seemed
for
a
prophet Malachi, i.
feared among the heathen.'
a
dis-
pensation
of
Yahweh.
(the Pratyagatman) was drawn towards the
Highest
Self
reality,
mines of
absurd
and
more
study so
—
death
1.'
My
and
the
Veda,
Vedanta
quite
as
laws,
and
forms
I
do
and
particularly
mind on which
law,
that
Oxus in
of the
was
some por-
of
stag, is
man found at
and to
of all
would give a
a
new
been tamed by a long process of kindness, or, it
may be,
the
third
died
369
a.
d.
He
laqueos
in
means mouse or
(fourth
century
a.d.),
cruvrfdeia
keyei.
the
of
evidence
and
Italy
1
dogs,
and
goats
have
I
miss
more
than
I
1868,
pp.
47-61,
came
the
steals
the
Egypt, applies the Greek name of
atXovpos
to
it
in
honey,
nor
go
we
mustela.
a),
speaks
2
its cleanliness.
serpents
the
other animals (II,
made by
bird
and
the
is
But
It might have been
had
version,
This leaves no doubt that in the original the simile
was
lame
simile
The
is most likely meant
in
XVI,
2,
72
middle,
which
would
But this
would leave
the
suffix
of
oppos
into
ovpos,
allowing
at
And this
i.
Vaidurya
jewel.
is
often
But
&c.
to say no
a foreign
is like
cat's-eye
Balavaya,
being
either
a
mountain
2,
77)
this
Balavaya
up.
Even
the
coincidences
have
learnt
Life of
the Author,
p.
40a.
1
Professor
p. 358.
India
are
little
farmers,
who
hold
a
lease
of
Villages
have
a
feeling
the
payment
parcelled
out
established
village-servants
pag) ;
or a
are parcelled
out, each
distinct
as
among
government
demand
; or
government
appoints
a
are
a
mixed
have
their
lands
a relative
country. After his
Meu-lun,
and
ed-din Abu
ezr
Zenan
nor life.' (See Mehren,
dalliance,
or
severe
/Sudravi^kshatraviprarcam
even preferable to
vivahakale,
Kaminishu
vivaheshu
gavam
bhakte
tathaiva
ka
do
not
say
what
when the
be
salutary,
left
name of
and Egypt were essentially
the Greek
kingdom of
Tochari, but
Chang
Yueh-chi
(also
Chang
met with
them on
the banks
of the
Tochari
from
the
West,
Tochari
near
a South-western
time the
five tribes
found in the country
the
stone honey,
interrupted
their
(159)
Emperor
Kwan
(147-167).
called Jitsu-nan.
This is
worthy account of
third century
the
religions
assist
in
most varying, but
on the fundamental
classes,
a
general
mention
me for
so
different
from
the
Buddhism
now
practised
'
to attend in
and applause
I
should
bow
admitted that Bud-
anybody would
found none.
most
startling
sides,
the
that
human
race
'
I send you a report which I have just issued on
The
Sacred
Books
of
the
East,
translated
these
transla-
give
to
those
of religion,
gious growth of
key
also
to
the
The
publication
views of the origin
but in the
religious life of
in
phases has
be raised
against my
belief in
a literary
a.
called
the
Augustan
to have flourished
all
who
But
the
almost
an
Anglo-
initial year, though
p.
26.
It
is
hardly
right
to
;
of
Korour,
of the honour
same
name
the same as
MahStmya as
'a wretched
nominal
Vikramaditya
era
a
period
He
have
chronological side of
place
impos-
sible.
as
modern,
cannot
be
as the want
scholars who never
involve a crowd of
Easmira,
Harsha
ought
placing
right, there
which he
defined.
The
era
century
would
collapse
if
one
Mr.
Fergusson
speaks
be
some time. Dr. Bhao
inscription
revival of
(a.d.
993),
or
rather
by
inscriptions, not
600
56
b.
c,
was
established
by a king of that name who lived before the be-
ginning
anxious
to
produce
at
least
prove that
Bhao Daji's
limit was
Samangadh
of
Samvat
803
(746
a.
d.),
though
here
as to
could not
tion which
date.
his arguments might have carried conviction, but when this is
the only
the circumstantial
careful reconsidera-
dates range
from Saka
on
other
1837,
p.
14;
and
the
son
another
siderable
doubt
whether
the
Kumarara^a)
Siladitya,
he
see Fleet,
Indian Antiquary,
1876, p.
p. 225
however, in Indian
vardhana),
and
king,
two
predecessors,
coming
p.
164,
gives
646
Pulakesin,
the
rival
ces
1
being
Kumara
(Hiouen-thsang,
iii,
77),
Introduction
to
1851,
pp.
is called
£rishe»a,
some contemporaneous
Unfortunately
very time which
that,
equal freedom
of
fathers
turning
Buddhists,
4
#iladitya a reign from
reigned
years
years
to
him.
table
Manoratha, teacherofVasubandhu, disgraced,
brother
Buddha,
or
Gupta
who
was
Vikramaditya in
for, while
little doubt.
commonly called the Saka,
era, which, though it
Sanskrit Literature,
Northern Invasion of India,
the
the
our
Sstka
actual
beginning
of
our
sense
of
the Greeks, but, in
reign, without
or wishing to
become founders of
addition to
expression 'in
Vasudeva's
reign,
king,
could
be
considered
as
the
the
century
B.C.,
p.
214.
2
Vasudeva.
There
light
on
the
centuries,
beginning
kings
1
taken
by
later
writers,
of
dialect
spoken
by
and
we
is certainly
J
used
the
1
On
anta,
at
from
era,
originally by
of
little
consequence.
1
is simply
beginning
78
could only
the time
us
of
Valabhi,
sawzhita
3
50
B.
Bactrian
conquests
in
which
would
the sixth
than
the
the
so-
called
Dharmas
3
and the
zodiacal signs,
these
prophecies
have
what they
to
ISbM, which
is a.d.
however, it may be said, is only the editor's writing.
But
at
the
valayam iti prasiddha?» gyotirlingasthanam asti). North of
it there
"
*
composed
of
160
verses,
is
mind
diately,
namely,
have lived at the same
time
2
points, and
put
forward
give the
opinions held
by various
dates
centuries B.C.,
not always
The king
religion.
When
Hymns.
pilation,
studying
under
him
the
(Jalan-
by
or
Buddhismus,
p.
5a),
we
have to be placed, not
as
calculation only, at about
Buddha's Nirvana
(Hiouen-thsang, ii,
p. 170),
He says
that some
place the
Asanga
(900
Dig-
naga
that
Dignaga
of the
sixth century.
a
of
to such an
Asanga
of the
sixth century.
temporary of Hiouen-thsang.
Hiouen-thsang,
i,
that has
impossible. But what
sometimes
ascribed
in
more
text is
the
famous
tfilabhadra
(called
Dharmakosha),
an
old
man
when
Hiouen-thsang
the
teacher
2
of
chain of arguments
the teachers whose names
are the
i,
106),
I-tsing
mentions
century
a.
d.,
viz.
Sanghabhadra
(vidyamatra),
personally,
be
men-
tions,
B%atarangi«i
Sresh^asena,
for a
time, till
threw
him
into
prison,
Toramawa's
wife
Awyana,
Toramarca,
of
appointed
an
eminent
poet,
£iladitya
Pratapaslla,
on
the
throne
of
Kasmira,
always
has
that his arguments
very
able.
we
Royal Asiatic Society,
to
collect
rudra,
and
means
'the
servant
of
the
Setu-kavya,
calling
it
a
Mah&-
royal family of Kasmira, Toramama being
the
court
of
Vikramaditya
conciliated
the
my mind
seem to
wrote to
that Kalhana
of
Kalidasa,
an
could not
There is a
the various
the
2
great
provisional pro-
of
Sanskrit
literature
of
which
plates
Asiatic Society,
the
Sthiramati
and
Gunamati.
If
been made
in
a.
d.
476
always remain
axis, and
the very
same
they
go
is
Pafaliputra
at
and the
beginning of
the sixth
Adityadasa,
a
in
PaJUasiddhantika,
pp.
5,
14.
2
to
a
p.
392.
8
to
The
beginning
of
Brahma
bases his
calculations on
those of
If
of the
once
and
I
amongst
that
 
occur
in
Anquetil
Duperron's
translation
the
Upanishad
(Weber,
Ind.
in
Cole-
brooke's,
19;
ii,
15,
ed.
wifk
with
This
Satya
Buddhist, see
^:
vpi:
i
vndt 1
^5*n:
^j^ht ^
Satya
Babylon. He
divisions
are
1
(Kern,
pref.
p.
29).
relation
to
the
different
Creator
*tn^ 11
Brahman has been
165,
p.
6
a
not here
twelve
zodiacal
pair
the modern
Gargi
did
the
and
one
water,
&c.)
Much
more
important,
Terse,
in
which
Varahamihira
have quoted
astronomy, by
by
declines
to
discuss
'
should say, the Nine
the
author
of
the
Nitipradipa,
published
in
puns
memoirs
so
useful
a
the sixth
are
generally
mentioned
together,
7
Asiatic Society,
Asiatic
Society,
Bombay,
i860.
5
See
Verelsamhara, to the
men
chains,
and
by
composing
the
Bhaktamara-stotra,
in
forty-two
possibly
Manatunga
5
sometimes called the nephew
for
he
cannot
be
meant
RaghavapaM^aviya,
equals in the art of
poetry*.
earlier.
Bawa
5
when
Sarasvati
is
so
e.
real
a
wrong
reading.
s
See
p.
357.
1
family, at Gayantlpura, in the Southern
Marhatta
country
uncle of
p.
19,
sweetness
tradition may
Kalidasa's Prakrit
poem, the
Setubandhu (i,
of
Kasmira.
Bhavabhttti.
Here
event, namely, an
tsung
examine
Lalitaditya,
which
will
have
the years
the
in
Society,
Bombay,
1882,
p.
93).
well
and
we
place
literary
facts,
though
of a date too late for our immediate purpose. We are
told that the king himself
studied Sanskrit
baha, are mentioned
living about Samvat
date
we
correction in
discussed
to
1876.
3
KINGS OF KASMIKA.
His minister
Saktisv^min.
of
the
Renaissance
period
state
of
India
at
the
side
believed
the
corrected
date
of
Buddha,
477
B.C.
3
down,
and
Devarddhiga«i
544
astronomer.
We
in the Indian Antiquary,
lived
PadaliptMarya,
Vn'd-
dhavadisuri,
purposes.
The
ragaMa Pa^avali,
sorceries
of
Nagaraj'a
posed
Gaina
authorities
restrictions,
of
Indian
chronology.
I-tsing.
I
Chinese
chroniclers,
to
fix
author
of
the
Raj/atarangifti,
a
new
a
com-
plete
commentary
on
Bala*astrin,
learned
Lokottaralalita, in Maharashtra,
notice. Bala«astrin, how-
gram-
marian,
only author
discovered
by
Rig-veda
(p.
made
by
Vamana,
forward
again
by
Madhava,
was
to
on
the
by
Madhava,
while
on
the
Balasastrin concluded rightly that Vamana must
be
older
I
added
of
could quote from
Bauddlias.
Like
When
giving
an
in the
be
a
guished grammarians
of
orthodox
grammarians,
such
as
of
some
years,
he
years,
name
VyakaraMa,
grammar,
years old.
Most likely this refers
tells us
treated
Stanislas Julien, on the same subject, asking
him
whether
that even this
means
to
adorn,
of joining a
sense. I
used by
many commentaries.
Boys
of
fifteen
stand it
work
of
require
 
description of
that
grammar,
died
not
later
than
660
Abhidharma-kosha
cribed to (?ina or
Dharmapala) they draw inferences
Pan-shang-kwan (Gataka-
Then,
being
instructed
by
their
teachers,
and
instructing
it, entitled Xurrei,
learned
Patan-
^ali,
and
explains
details.
labour is similar
Pata%ali is
is
here
speaking
of
course,
a
of
gram-
fall
of
of India, and
returned
on
observation
and
inference
according
to
we can see in
in
the
Buddhist,
a
man
the monastery, a
ago, say
not
believe
brother
Bhartn'hari
in
the
first
century
B.C.,
hardly
ventured
to
do
earth, and
reached
the foregoing
learnt
the
otherwise they cannot
very
authorship
of
that
poem
has
frequently
his
and to
have lived
always
the date
know
very
little
beyond
guise of
and
character
^rt5acnM
Jrofttipnq
^r
its
perfect
method
2
yet unable
to understand
which contained
'
there, as
There was
this merit that,
Uttara-ka«<Za
whatever date
we
Kali-
1
Burnell,
Catalogue
(1
what is more important,
a
commentary
the
principal
sacrifices,
and the brother
Diaskeuast,
were
should
have
been
in India, still less
of the
Bhagavadgita Upanishads.
Popular Stories.
them than
be
invented them
to them, but
l
we
console
Queen
Suryavati,
Kasmira,
was
killed
the
tales
and
that
say that what
such
as
doing this
writers never thought
by
Parvati
and
he
spread them over the
century of our
in the
Vish/ca, language
gave trouble
known,
at
before
Without
as
yet
wishing,
the
same
person
as
Katyayana
and
the
contemporary
of
supposed by many scholars
sound
arguments,
still
less
Neither in
have any
of
philosophical
themselves.
The
Zraryanavavataram.
5
 
pupil of
contemporary
carefully
studied
during
his
2
these
systems
Aupapatika-Sutra
sophical
doctrines,
and
they
cannot
strictly
be
not
concern
us
at
not, however, prove that it did not exist, as passages
referring to subjects
be,
unintelligible
to
them,
are
sometimes
passed
on the water,
cleverly
managing horse and chariot, and (fishing with) a hook and line (salam-
bhadhanurvede
gha»Jau),
Pu-ra-na (Purajie),
I-fti-ka-sha (Itihase),
purely
mythological
some
law-
take
Manu
as
a
Yet,
the
definite
number
of
that
rather
an
individual
1
clan,
doubt a mythical character, but as the father of Nabhane-
dish^a, and
again
to
betray
itself
3
the phraseology of our
female.
not
;
only the teaching
Manu
(V,
41).
There
are
many
ring
in
Manu, or some
collection of legal
cer-
tain
Dharmasastras
d.
I
may
admit
reality
quoted
the
in its
by P. von
editions
of
Vnddha
that
even
4
they
twelve
bhutva^arat,
adha
'prathayat.
Yad
iti
11511.
Sa
ya^
sa
kurmo
(pao-i
yevtcrdai,
Par^anya.) And
so it is
Though I have
I ought perhaps
into the Old
languages.
But
quite
free
from
doubt,
this
is
much
fairguni, first
suggested by
still
later,
the
Fer-
The
name
of
firmed
by
supported the
nations
this is the
son
of
character,
Fathers came first,
the same
character, not
Latin also.
Does it
Devas ? This
so
the whole
Devas,
gods,
Devas, but the Devas
of the Veda, where
vattas, Saumyas.
tells
us
Munis
(.ffiishis),
viz.
Pulaha,
Kratu,
Pra/ietas,
 
perform
this
sraddha
with
water.
a.
Naimittika-sraddha
is
the number
of Brahmanas
of
is
verses
It
a
journey,
for
his
are besides certain
far
as
Dakshiwa-
manasa
unfavourable for
study of these
those
translation
Bombay,
1881,
p.
22),
Bhadrapada
(which
is
the
Purvedyu^ performed on
in
solemnized.
statements
on
this
statement
(compiled
six
kinds
three
different
titles
worked at trans-
503-557
557-589.
He
a.d.
561-577
into
77*
,
date
of,
264.
Bedia-ad-dln,
on
the
9,
9
note,
10.
note.
Dravidian,
37.
89.
261.
heaven
and
earth,
157.
Freya's
cats,
263.
250
note.
43.
dasa,
90.
Huvishka,
coins
of,
293.
Kamasutra
of
Vtitsyayana,
332.
Eambojas,
131
note.
Kamya-sraddha,
374.
Kareabhugr,
360.
Kawabhuti,
350,
357,
358.
Kanada,
296
Indians,
55-
Ktisis,
204.
coin-
62
note.
—
Phlegyas,
176.
Phoenicia,
18,
20.
Phoenician
letters,
Prinsep,
5.
Eivers,
the
Gathakosha,
331.
375-
173-
Sandhimat,
335,
339.
Sandrocottus,
55.
3>2-
Buddhists,
287.
Scythian coins, 8.
145
note.
TWtsus,
the,
172.
Troy,
3
2
5.
326.
ter,
40.
Text only,
3s. 6d.
The Second,
8vo.
16s.
Traditions
and
Customs.
4
16s.
LONDON:
LONGMANS
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IN 1870.
intended
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48J.
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Edition,
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24J.
J.
A.
By
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A.
M.A.
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vols.
W.
Long-
man,
Historic Winchester
gd.
8vo.
15.?.
Bingham. 2
Outlines of the
Vol.
I.
8vo.
cis Bacon, including all his Occasional
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Collected
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i
vol.
cr.
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