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India is a peninsula in South Asia.

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India is a subcontinent.

A subcontinent is a large land mass that is smaller than a continent.

A subcontinent is usually split from the rest of a continent by a mountain range.

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The Himalayas are mountains. Theyseparate India from China.

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The Himalayas are mountains in northern India.

The Himalayas are the highest mountains on the surface of the earth.

The Himalayas have passes.

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Passes allowed travelers to enter India.

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India also experiences the monsoon.The monsoons are winds that bringrains.

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The monsoons are vital for farming.

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The Indus River is an important river inIndian history. It was the birthplace of South Asia’s earliest civilization.

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The name “India” is derived from the Indus River.

An early civilization developed along the banks of the Indus River.

Today, the Indus River flows mostly through Pakistan. Pakistan was once part of India.

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The Ganges River is an important river inIndia. It is a sacred or holy river for Hindus.

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• India’s earliest civilization is calledHarappan civilization.

• It developed in the Indus River Valley.

• It lasted from 3000 to 1500 B.C.

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Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro wereimportant cities.

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•Cities show evidence of urban planning. Every brick was the same size.

•Indoor plumbing and toilets havebeen uncovered.

•Writing was developed but cannotbe deciphered.

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It may have declined if the monsoonsdid not come. Its decline is a mystery.