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Table of contents
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
Content Page
About the research 3
India: A world leader 4
Artillery today, for mountain war tomorrow 8
Training and technology 11
Future Artillery India 2012 14
About Defence IQ 15
Page 2
About the research
This information pack has been collated from exclusive content from www.defenceiq.com
as well as data from a report of the future artillery market, which surveyed 120 senior
executives and professionals within the artillery domain. The analysis of the survey data
has been supplemented with proprietary interviews and desktop research.
Topics examined include; which capabilities the military will prioritise as it increasingly
embarks on urban, complex and dispersed operations, how militaries can achieve
greater precision, the changing nature of training scenarios as well as looking into which
regions are being targeted as emerging growth markets.
Figure 1 shows that the
US and UK make up a
significant portion of
total respondents.
However, the emerging
BRIC nations are also
well represented with
India and Brazil
accounting for 14% of
all respondents.
Answers were sourced
from nations all over
the globe including
Russia, UAE,
Singapore, Germany,
Israel and Australia. In
all, respondents were
derived from 35
nations.
21%
15%
8%
6% 5% 3%
3% 2%
2%
35%
FIGURE 1: Overview of respondent by nationality
USA
UK
India
Brazil
Netherlands
Argentina
Turkey
Australia
France
Other
Page 3
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
India: A world leader
The market with the most growth potential in the artillery space over the next ten years is
India according to 72% of respondents. Together with China it stands out as a key target
market for the future; however with even China lagging 14% behind, there can be no
doubt where respondents expect to gain the most traction over the next decade: India.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
India
China
Pakistan
USA
Israel
Brazil
Other Middle East
Turkey
UAE
Europe (East)
Other Asia-Pacific
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Africa
Europe (West)
Other South America
Australia
South Africa
FIGURE 2: Summary of key global growth markets
2012 - 2022
Page 4
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
23%
24%
20%
36%
12%
56%
15%
5%
7%
26%
54%
41%
42%
48%
53%
22%
33%
22%
44%
50%
23%
34%
37%
16%
35%
22%
52%
73%
49%
24%
Air-land integration
Capability to intercept rockets, mortar and artillery
Digital targeting
Interoperability with other systems and Coalition forces
Forward Observer technological advances
Futuristic weaponry – i.e. electronic powered artillery
Precision of munitions
Range
Transportability and mobility of artillery
Cost! Capability shouldn’t be prioritised, cost should
FIGURE 3: Analysis of key capabilities for India to prioritise
Low priority Medium priority High priority
While China’s ambitions and wealth are undoubtedly accelerating, the question remains
how to penetrate this market and take advantage of the country’s growing economy and
military might. China is arguably a bigger market than India and before conducting this
survey we may have expected the results for India and China to have been the other way
around. However, respondents have clearly shown that while China may spend more
money on defence over the next ten years, India is a far more accessible market and the
one in which industry can gain the most traction. This may change once the EU and US
embargos are lifted however, but it remains to be seen when and if this will come into
effect.
The positioning of Pakistan as the region offering the third highest potential for growth
over the next ten years is interesting. That India, China and Pakistan make up the top
three is also rather telling. Tensions in the region are high with India wedged in between
its two fierce rivals. The results from Figure 2 indicate this tension is unlikely to ease in
the medium term.
Page 5
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
“The IED will be
the focal point for
any future conflicts;
the IED is the
artillery of the 21st
Century.”
Lieutenant General Michael Barbero,
Joint IED Defeat Organisation,
U.S. DoD
Just looking at the Indian respondents (which Figure 1 shows is 8% of the total), they all
indicated that cost was either a low or medium priority, which is perhaps surprising
considering India’s renown for squeezing value out of its equipment, often favouring the
cheaper tenders it’s presented with. This suggests one of two things; either artillery
procurement is a priority for India and will be acquired regardless of cost, or artillery
system expenditure is considered to be relatively low-level and spiraling outlays are not a
common occurrence.
How important is India’s acquisition of artillery in the context of its major security and
defence infrastructure upgrade?
In November 2011 A.K. Anthony, the Indian Defence Minister, made a statement to
Parliament outlining both the reason for the country’s notorious lack of new gun
acquisition, and its near obsession with staying on top of military technology
developments as it continues to highlight concerns over bordering rival powers.
"Arms and equipment
including gun systems in the
Indian artillery are available
in adequate quantity,” said
Anthony. “[However]
modernisation of artillery,
which entails replacement of
the equipment of older
technology, is an on-going
process and is being given
priority to ensure that the
artillery remains equipped
with modern weapons
systems," he said.
The answer really depends
on how the tense relationship
with China and Pakistan
plays out. Respondents were
quick to point out that border
security is a critical concern
for India as it continues to
brace against pressure from
East and West.
Page 6
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
“Regardless of any other
weaponry, if you’ve got
a lot of artillery you
don’t need to worry
about not having an
affect.” Brigadier Ben Barry,
Senior Fellow for Land Warfare,
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
Although the country recently announced that it will buy 126 Rafale Medium Multi-Role
Combat Aircraft from France’s Dassault, this expenditure will certainly not be over and
above its Land and Sea requirements. India is not an expeditionary force, but it does
have vast borders and hostile neighbours. Border security is India’s primary issue;
acquiring the appropriate artillery systems, and plenty of them, will continue to be a high
priority over the next decade.
Over the last 12 months the Indian armed forces has floated tenders for 1,580 155mm 53
calibre towed guns, 100 further 155mm 52 calibre tracked guns, 180 155mm 52 calibre
wheeled and self-propelled guns, and 145 155mm 39 calibre ultra-light howitzers,
running into a total cost of several billion pounds.
Page 7
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
Page 8
Artillery today for mountain
war tomorrow
The last major acquisition of towed gun-
howitzers was that of about 400 pieces
of 39-calibre 155mm FH-77B howitzers
with a range of 30 km from Bofors of
Sweden in the mid-1980s. Though the
Ministry of Defence (MoD) has issued
several global tenders to revive long-
delayed plans to modernise the Indian
artillery, for one reason or the other, the
acquisition process has not made much
headway.
Since the Bofors 155mm Howitzer was
introduced into service, the indigenously
designed and manufactured 105 mm
Indian Field Gun (IFG) and its light
version, the Light Field Gun (LFG), have
also joined the list of guns and howitzers
heading for obsolescence.
Approximately 180 pieces of 130mm
M46 Russian medium guns have
been “up-gunned” to 155mm calibre with
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
ordnance supplied by Soltam of
Israel. The new barrel length of 45-
calibres has enhanced the range of the
gun to about 40 km with extended range
ammunition.
Despite the lessons learnt during the Kargil conflict about the
battle winning role played by firepower in modern wars,
modernisation plans for the Indian Regiment of Artillery have
been stagnating for too long.
An article by Brigadier Gurmeet Kanwal (Ret.), former Director of the Centre
for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi.
Brig. Gurmeet Kanwal (Ret.)
Page 9
The probability of the next conventional
war breaking out in the mountains is far
higher than that of a war in the plains.
With this in view, the artillery recently
conceptualised a requirement for an
ultra light-weight towed howitzer of
155mm calibre for employment in the
mountains. In January 2008, the MoD
had floated a Request for Proposal (RfP)
for 145 pieces of ultra-light 155mm
towed howitzers for use by the Indian
Army’s mountain formations. 145
howitzers will equip seven medium
artillery regiments and will cost
approximately Rs 3,000 crore. This
howitzer, manufactured by BAE
Systems, has been trail evaluated and is
likely to be acquired through the direct
Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route from
the US government.
The MoD has floated a global tender for
the purchase of 180 wheeled self-
propelled 155mm guns for around Rs
4,700 crore for employment by
mechanised forces in the plains and
semi-desert sectors. An RfP has also
been issued for 400 155mm towed
artillery guns for the artillery, to be
followed by the indigenous manufacture
of another 1,100 howitzers, in a project
worth approximately Rs 8,000 crore. The
RfP was originally issued to eight
prospective bidders including BAE,
General Dynamics, Nexter (France),
Rheinmetall (Germany) and Samsung
(South Korea).
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
Indigenous efforts to manufacture
155mm howitzers include that by the
Ordnance Factories Board to produce a
45-calibre 155mm howitzer based on the
designs for which Transfer of
Technology (ToT) was obtained from
Bofors in the 1980s, but not utilised. It
has been reported that the Defence
Acquisition Council has approved a
proposal for the OFB to manufacture 414
howitzers of 45-calibre provided the
prototypes successfully meet the army’s
GSQR in user trials. Meanwhile, the
DRDO has embarked on its own venture
to design and develop a 155mm
howitzer in partnership with a private
sector company. Bharat Forge is one
company that is known to be interested
in the indigenous design and
development of modern artillery
systems.
There has been notable progress on the
rocket artillery front. A contract for the
acquisition of three regiments of the 12-
tube, 300mm Smerch multi-barrel rocket
launcher (MBRL) system with 90 km
range has been signed with Russia’s
Rosoboron export. This weapon system
is a major boost for the long-range
firepower capabilities of the army.
Extended range (ER) rockets are being
introduced for the 122 mm Grad MBRL
that has been in service for over three
decades. The ER rockets will enhance
the weapon system’s range from 22 to
about 40 km. A contract worth Rs 5,000
Page 10
crore has also been signed for two
regiments of the 12-tube Pinaka MBRL
weapon system, developed by the
DRDO, Larsen and Toubro and the
Tatas. The 214mm Pinaka rockets will
have an approximate range of 37 km.
Two more regiments of Pinaka MBRL
are likely to be added later.
Efforts are also underway to add ballistic
as well as cruise missiles to the artillery
arsenal. Two regiments of the BrahMos
supersonic cruise missile (Mach 2.8 to
3.0), with a precision strike capability,
very high kill energy and range of 290
km, have been inducted into the army.
Block-I and Block-II versions of the
missile have successfully completed
trials. It is a versatile missile that can be
launched from TATRA mobile launchers
and silos on land, aircraft and ships and,
perhaps in future, also from submarines.
50 BrahMos missiles are expected to be
produced every year. These terrain
hugging missiles are virtually immune to
counter measures due to their high
speed and very low radar cross section
and are far superior to sub-sonic cruise
missiles like Pakistan’s Babur. Two more
regiments of BrahMos are likely to be
inducted into service, including one
specially designed for effective target
engagement in the mountains.
Counter-bombardment capability is also
being upgraded, but at a slow pace. At
least about 40 to 50 weapon locating
radars (WLRs) are required for effective
counter-bombardment, especially in the
plains, but only a dozen have been
procured so far. In addition to the 12 AN-
TPQ 37 Firefinder WLRs acquired from
Raytheon, USA, under a 2002 contract
worth US $200 million, Bharat
Electronics Limited is reported to be
assembling 28 WLRs. The
modernisation plans of tube artillery
alone are likely to cost approximately Rs
15,000 crore. The “Shakti” project for
command and control systems for the
artillery, earlier called Artillery Combat
Command and Control System
(ACCCS), has successfully completed
user trials and is now being fielded
extensively. Gradually it will be fielded
up to the corps level and the two artillery
divisions will be equipped with it.
Despite the increasing obsolescence of
artillery guns, mortars and rocket
launchers, it has not been possible to
conclude contracts for their replacement.
The failure to modernise the Indian
artillery is likely to have adverse
repercussions for national security. If
there is any field of defence procurement
in which the government must make
haste, it is this one.
Training and technology
Although Figure 3 shows that cost shouldn’t be prioritised over capability, the fact
remains that the economic black hole will significantly affect defence equipment
procurement over the next decade, inclusive of artillery. In Figure 4 exactly half of all
respondents expect budget restrictions to be the critical factor that may dog artillery
advancement in the future, with the possible increased focus on air power the next most
significant factor (21%).
With just 10%, the change in warfighting strategies is not considered to be a threat to
future artillery. Although warzones are becoming more urban, respondents indicated that
the role of artillery will not significantly change through to 2022 and will still be a vital
component of military arsenals.
0%10%
20%30%
40%50%
Budget restrictions
Focus on Air Power
Increased prevalence and impact of the cyberthreat against precision weapons
Significant change in warfighting strategies - i.e.COIN
Other
FIGURE 4: Analysis of the most significant threat to future artillery
advancement
Page 11
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
Precision munitions and artillery capabilities rely on a fully functional and efficient forward
observer resource to ensure accurate target location and operational mission planning.
How can FO management and efficiency be improved over the next decade?
35% of respondents indicated that advances in geographical location equipment will be
the most important factor for FO’s in the future, closely followed by network-centric
systems with 32%. The role of the FO has become an increasingly important one
recently and will continue to heighten in significance for military operations as
communications and other C4I technologies improve.
However, as these systems become increasingly complex and network-centric, the cyber
threat becomes decidedly more apparent too. Training will need to expand its reach in
order to combat the cyber threat in future, which is a point a significant number of
respondents were adamant upon.
Page 12
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
FIGURE 5: Summary of most significant factors for
Forward Observer improvement
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
Over half of all respondents (51%) said that immersive training and simulation would be
the most effective form of training over the next decade, pushing new mobile
technologies into second place (with 23%) and live exercises into third (21%).
While training is often a balance between the classroom, simulation and live exercises,
Major Tom Ellis, the training development advisor for the Royal Artillery, told Defence IQ
that “nothing is ever going to take away the requirement of live training.”
Ellis agrees with the 51% of respondents in that simulation is a very effective training tool
because it is available any time. However, it is perhaps surprising that the 21% who
identified live exercises as the most effective training method wasn’t higher since Ellis
affirms that “you must have a sound underpinning knowledge” of the equipment; you
cannot learn everything in a simulator. Looking at Figure 6 it is likely that the answers
have been provided in the context of the economic climate foremost in respondents'
thoughts since simulated training has significant cost benefits over live exercises.
Page 13
0%
20%
40%
60%
Joint excercises withcoalition forces
Mobile technology -i.e.use of iPads and
smartphones
Immersive trainingand simulation
Live excercises
FIGURE 6: Summary of the most effective factor to improve
artillery training programmes
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
Page 14
As India embarks upon the largest artillery modernisation drive in its history, Defence IQ’s Future
Artillery India conference brings together key military and industry stakeholders to examine
India’s current modernisation strategy. Now in its second year, Future Artillery India 2012
provides delegates with the rare opportunity to connect with the newly appointed Director General
Artillery, Lieutenant General Anjan Mukherjee, in addition to the decision making unit
responsible for future artillery procurement in India.
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com
For more information, or to register, visit www.futureartilleryindia.com, email
[email protected], or call +44 (0) 20 7368 9737
The 2012 Speaker Faculty Features:
Lieutenant General Anjan Mukherjee, Director General, Directorate
Artillery, Indian Army
Major General Vikas Joshi, Additional Director General Directorate
Artillery, Indian Army
Lieutenant General J.P. Singh (Retd), Former Deputy Chief of Army Staff
Indian Army
Lieutenant General Vinod Nayanar (Retd), Former Director General
Directorate Artillery, Indian Army
Confirmed participation from Directorate Weapons & Equipment, Directorate Perspective
Planning, Directorate Financial Planning, Directorate Electrical Mechanical Engineers,
Electronics & Radar Department Establishment & Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory
1st opportunity to connect with the newly appointed Director General, Directorate Artillery,
Lieutenant General Anjan Mukherjee. Former Director General Financial Planning,
Lieutenant General Mukherjee will be giving the opening keynote address, outlining his
strategic plans for artillery procurement over the next decade
A whole day dedicated to discussing Indian ISTAR requirements, capabilities and
operational performance with Indian Subject Matter Experts and Contract Signatories
What’s new for 2012?
Future Artillery 2012 27 – 29 March, London, UK
www.future-artillery.com
About Defence IQ
Defence IQ is an authoritative news source for high quality and exclusive commentary and
analysis on global defence and military-related topics. Sourcing interviews and insights
directly from senior military and industry professionals on air defence, cyber warfare,
armoured vehicles, naval defence, land defence and many more topics, Defence IQ is a
unique multimedia platform to discuss and learn about the latest developments within the
defence sector.
So join over 55,000 defence professionals to access all the exclusive video interviews,
podcasts, articles and whitepapers that are available and updated on a daily basis.
Join today for free by signing up on our website:
www.DefenceIQ.com
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Page 15
Page 16
Disclaimer
This report is provided for information purposes only. This report may not be reproduced,
published or distributed by an recipient for any purpose. The company accepts no
responsibility whatsoever for any direct or indirect losses arising from the use of this report
or its contents.
Andrew Elwell is the editor of Defence IQ. He has previously worked as a
survivability specialist for a provider of ballistic and blast armour systems.
Andrew holds a BA in History and American Studies from the University of
Nottingham. He can be reached on [email protected].
About the author
Future Artillery India 2012 26 – 28 June
www.futureartilleryindia.com