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India :. A Journey Through Time. In the Beginning …. Homo sapiens as many as 75,000 years ago; Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. Civilization developed along the Indus River around 2500 BCE. Historically, the subcontinent of India includes Pakistan and Bangladesh. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A Journey Through TimeIndia:
In the Beginning…• Civilization developed along the
Indus River around 2500 BCE.
• Historically, the subcontinent of India includes Pakistan and Bangladesh
• Homo sapiens as many as 75,000 years ago; Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago
The Indus Valley Civilization
Straddled modern day Pakistan and India Highly civilized and orderly Farmers grew wheat, barley, and peas; cattle,
goats, and sheep Lived in towns and traded with other cultures
(modern-day Iraq)
Picture writing (undeciphered) Highly developed engineering (ex: drainage
systems) Began to decline around 1700 BCE In 1920s, archaeologists uncovered ruins of
two main cities (Mohenjo-Daro & Harapppa)
Aryan Invasion (1700-1300 BCE) Invaders came from Europe
(Indo-European language)
Ruled India for hundreds of years
Set up small kingdoms (rulers called rajas)
Created modern Hinduism from Dravidian religious traditions combined with their own cultural beliefs
Established India’s caste system
Vedic Age (1500-500 BCE)
Rigveda written in Sanskrit (India’s literary language) 10 books Hymns and invocations to the gods
Mahabharata & Ramayana Mixture of historical and legendary Later converted into sacred literature
Alexander the Great (327-326 BCE)
Macedonian (Greek) who led conquering forces across northern India
Ruled brieflyGreeks forced out of India after Alexander’s
death
Maurya Empire (322-185 BCE)Dynasty begun by Chandragupta MauryaAsoka (grandson) took over from 273-232
BCERuled all of IndiaConverted to BudhismReligious tolerance, generosity, and
wisdomSpread Buddhism – Burma, Ceylon,
Siam, TibetWar and disunity after his death
Gupta Dynasty (320-467 CE)
Northern India reunitedTrade
With West Burma, Indochina, Java, Sumatra Buddhism and Hinduism spread out –
Cultural Diffusion
Maurya and Gupta Empires – Interactive Maphttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073385514/student_view0/chapter7/interactive_map_quiz.html
Mughal Empire (1526-1858)
12th century – Muslim invasion1500 – Central Asians, led by Mugals, established a
kingdom in northern IndiaAkbar (1556-1605)
Conquest of central India Efficient and strong government Religious tolerance Business and commerce encouraged
Architecture Forts, mosques, palaces, and tombs Taj Mahal – Agra, India – tomb built for a Mughal emperor’s favorite
wife
“Engineering of the Taj Mahal”http://www.history.com/videos/seven-wonders-the-taj-mahal
End of the Mughal Empire 17th Century – empire crumbled
Fighting between smaller kingdomsEnglish, French, and Portuguese traders gained
influence Seven Year’s War
Fight in North America known as the French and Indian War
English (British East India company) won control of India from the French
…The British are coming!
Colonial India…The British East India Company obtains trading rights from the Mughal Empire
Conquering India...How?
• When the Mughal Empire fell, India was divided by different cultures and languages
• This made it difficult for Indians to unite
and• The British had superior weapons• The British played the princes against one another
British Policy in India
What was the main goal of the British East India Company?
British Policy in India
• Introducing the western education system• Introducing the British legal system• Converting Indians to Christianity• Working to end the caste system
How did the Indians react to this?
How did the British try to change India?
• Resented British interference in their society• Felt discriminated against- not able to hold
government jobs
Rebellion• The Sepoy Rebellion
• Unequal British colonial policy
• A clash of cultures
• Growing nationalism in the 1800s
• The Indian National Congress (1885)
• The Muslim League
Hindu and Muslim Resistance• Mohandas Gandhi’s main tactic in his fight
against the British was what he called Satyagraha - “Soul-Force”
• Civil disobedience, nonviolence, tolerance• Greatly influenced Martin Luther King, Jr.
and the Civil Rights Movement in America
• Muhammad Ali Jinah was a lawyer, politician and statesman, and the founder of Pakistan
• Gandhi held talks 14 times with Jinnah in Bombay in 1944 about a united Hindu-Muslim front, which failed
• Believed Indian Muslims should have their own state
Indian Independence and aSeparate Muslim State
The British begin to give in
Independence in 1947
Hindu – Muslim violence Kashmir
Independence for Pakistan
India Divided
Kashmir Northern India was claimed by both Pakistan and India
(Muslims and Hindus lived there). It was divided.
Kashmir Today
“By 2012, after decades of war, Kashmir was blooming again. Hotels were bursting, roads were being fixed and offices rebuilt . . . . Tensions still lie just below the surface. In June 2012, a fire gutted one of the most revered Sufi Muslim shrines in Srinagar, Kashmir’s capital, sparking clashes between police and angry Muslim protesters.” -The New York Times – June 26, 2012
Resources: http://www.britannica.com.ezproxy.samford.edu/EBcheck
ed/topic/285516/history-of- India http://www.theindianhistory.org/pre-historic-period-in-cont
ext-of-indian-history.html http://
www.studenthandouts.com/01-Web-Pages/001-Pages/09.02.History-of-India-Outline.htm
http://www.history.com/videos/seven-wonders-the-taj-mahal
http://highered.mcgraw-Hill.com/sites/0073385514/student_view0/chapter7/interactive_map_quiz.html
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/kashmir/index.html