Index [] · Web viewComparato's Books for the Millions:A History of the Men Whose Methods & Machines Packaged the Printed Word(1971), 3431. Connor & Simpson's Weights & Measures

Index

C: MACNT INDEXES EQM index 7-29-2009 3:43.03 pm

AA

mark on German sc, definition, 703, 757mark on wts see avoirdupois

A A platform design, 657, 660, 722Quintenz, Friedrich Alois (designer), 724

"A 1883 Research Study Used a Fairbanks Postal Office Scale" (article by Diaz & Neuhauser), 3147-3148

A BFrench wts mkr, 600mark on wts, 45

A B Cegg sc mkr, 379-380, 1279Egg Scale, egg sc patentee, 379

A B C Co (rocker mkr), 1279A B D (mark on wts), 20, 45A B D below castle (mark on wts; Aberdeen), 20A B F

egg sc, 381-382, 1312see also Mount Tacoma Mfg Co

A B S in heart see AirdrieA C (mark on wts), 45A C N see Aire & Calder NavigationA C under boars head (Argyll), 45A C under swift (Arundel), 45"A Conundrum: William Parnell's Improved Beam Scale"

(article by Schoenly), 3414-3417A D C (mark on wts), 69A E

German sc mkr, 641, 703pendulum sc mkr, 641, 703, 757

A E S Y (mark on wts), 122A F

French sc mkr, 860see also Fournel, Antoine

A framedefinition, 170, 708designs, 708, 943, 949

A G, definition, 170"A German Letter - Scale"(article by Kok), 3379-3381"A German Letter - Scale (part 2)"(article by Kok), 3463-

3466A K & Sons see Kenrick, Archibald & Sons"A Letter Scale of B Holsboer" (article by Sol), 3287-3290"A Lion in Venice" (article by Wilson), 2586-2587"A Most Unusual Scale" (article by Stein), 2511-2512"A Mystery Solved, The Small Metal Clip Did It." (article

by Wright), 2269-2271A on German sc

angemeldet, 703definition, 703

"A Prize Assay Balance" (article by Wilson), 2792-2794A R B (mark on wts), 45

A R B T H (mark on wts), 45A R B TH by portcullis in shield see Arbroath"A Salesman's Tale" (article by Whyte), 3438-3439"A Scale Collector in Italy" (article by Brass), 2352-2353"A Short-Lived Scale with a Long Story-The Anchor Postal

Scale"(article by Beare), 3467-3472"A Somewhat Amazing Revelation" (article by Katz), 2818"A Tale of Two German Money Scales" (article by Govier),

3145-3146A von der Nahmer, 2240

trade-marks, 2240A W see Wilkinson, Anthony"A Zoo of Letter Scales" (article by Sol), 3274-3281Abbey Mfg Co, 545

dates, 545Abdy, William

coin sc mkr, 501-502, 504, 560coin wt mkr, 504, 1085

Abell, Mrs (cookery writer), 1249Aberdeen, 20

Hammermen (weight mkr), 2532inspectors mark, 20, 45

Abingdon (inspectors mark), 45"About Postal Patents" (article by Crawforth), 395-397Abrahams, A & Co

precision balance mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Abrasive paper, 1234Abrus pecatorius, 2393-2394, 2447Absalom, 2507Absorption on weight surface, 2592Academie Royale des Sciences, 1866, 2090

comparisons of wts, 1991Accelerating, definition, 1647Accelerating beam, 36, 1247, 1536, 1637, 1646, 1995, 2603

definition, 170, 2603method of manufacture, 1640prohibited, 1647see also trip sc

Accelerating lever system, 2259Accelerating postal sc, 2857-2860

features of, 2857-2860table, 2857-2860

iron handle on, 2857slotted domed nuts on, 2857-2858

"Accelerating Postals" (article by Robinson), 2857-2860"Accessing U.S. Patents" (article by Berning), 2883According to Act of Parliament 1775 (on coin wts), 1938Accu Balance bowling ball scale, 3177-3178Accum, Frederick

precision bal mkr, 1821precision balance mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Accuracyof comparison with standard units, 2146

definition, 170in scientific measurement, 2146

Ackermann, Hermann Gustav, 2275successor to Bernstein, Alex, 2275

Acmedates, 638design registration, 293egg sc mkr see Speciality Mfg Coiron wts mkr, 638

"Acme Egg Grading Scales" (article by Jibben), 3330-3334Acme egg scale

description of, 3331-3333grading ranges of, 3331-3332similar scales, 3333

Acra-Weigh, 2296Act of Colonial America

1636, 11381638, 11361645, 11381646, 11381652, 1137, 11381699, 1470

Act of Congress1843, 121863, 1047

Acts of Parliament965, 11821341, 19981421, 9131494, 18921532, 13471587, 43, 9851604, 9851611, 9851705, 35091707, 20711710, 10571741, 6551756, 18931757, 10571758, 18931773, 496, 1079, 13091774, 23, 196, 216, 467, 496, 966, 1068, 1079, 1081-

1082, 1125, 1304, 1565, 2068, 25631775, 498, 1079, 10811795, 22, 1894-18951797, 20, 22, 1083, 1119, 18941801, 12261815, 798, 18951816, 19701824, 390, 616, 636, 1895, 2252, 2802, 3509, 35121826, 6161832, 18961834, 20-21, 83, 390, 611, 1048, 1924, 1926, 22801835, 1896, 1924, 1926, 1955, 19571836, 10881838, 191839, 1230, 19551840, 19551850, 19291853, 894, 9291855, 392, 1154

1856, 19561858, 827, 894, 9291859, 19581861, 19581864, 614, 6361866, 20761870, 23, 1128, 1969-19701878, 21, 115, 613-614, 636, 734-735, 828, 894, 1036,

1128, 1154, 1182, 1564, 1960-1961, 1977, 2230, 2800

1888, 1978, 19821889, 21-22, 115, 434, 613, 633, 636, 955, 1128, 1154,

1564, 1929, 1969-1970, 1979, 2077, 22211890, 614, 616, 10481891, 19711892, 341897, 92, 613-614, 633, 6361904, 21-23, 613, 636, 733, 1510, 2031, 22651907, 614, 6161924, 4101926, 1088, 1182, 20341929, 11881951, 11021961, 10361963, 1155, 1182, 1345, 20341964, 1088-10891968, 20351972, 20351978, 20341985, 1182, 1186-1187

Adam, William, pictorial mosaics of, 3297Adams, George

coin sc mkr, 1310hydrostatical sc mkr, 1304, 1310pendulum sc apparatus, 1852

Adams, George IIprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Adams, John, US President, 2536Adams, John Quincy, on W & M, 1834Adam's Apple Distributing Co, American sc retailer, 2054"Addison Smith" (article by Gee), 3345-3347Adie

grain sc mkr, 1717steelyard mkr, 1717

Adjustinglead, 350by moving graduated chart, 1168

Adjusting a fine balance, 1213-1215Adjusting hole, 170, 614, 640-641Adjustment cavity, definition, 170Adjustment screw, 2340, 3381Administratie Der Posterijen, 3268Adsorption on weight surface, 2592Adulteration (calculations), 1307Advertisement items, scale company, 3311-3314, 3326-

3329Advertisements see Old AdvertAdvertising

Avery letter opener, 3311Avery lorry, 3329

Avery savings bank, 3311Avery weight pen & ink holders, 3285, 3312bank, 3314, 3326Berkel golf ball, 3329Dayton Computing Scale paper weight, 3314Exact Weight paper weight, 3313Hanson Scales finger-nail file, 3314key chains, 3314knives, 3314mug, 3326, 3327oast house, 3327Toledo Scales bank, 3313tools, 3314watch fobs, 3313

Advertising scaleCow Chow, 1039Empire Typewriters, 1256Larro, 1039

"Advice to W & M Inspectors, 1910," 2223Aeckersberg, Johann Peter

coin sc mkr, 30, 63, 65dates, 63fancy box, 65German sc mkr, 30, 63

Aeckersberg, Johann Wilhelmcoin sc mkr, 63dates, 63German sc mkr, 63

Aeroplane scales, 3440-3441Afghanistan, 2795

covered market, 2795crossroads of Asia, 2795description, 2795-2796gem dealer, 2795gem scale from, 2785-2786, 2796-2798

description of, 2796-2798weights for, 2798

African Co trading, 459Agate

beam end, 7, 1458durability, 3hydroscopic, 4natural, 3

Agate beam patent, 1442Agate bearings

definition, 170repairing, 8, 137

Agate boxdefinition, 138, 170, 312see also Sharkey end

Agate cement, 137Agricola (author), 665Agricola, Georgius, De Re Metallica (1556), 2117Agricultural weighbridge, 1022Agriculture Handbook No 75 by USDA, 3331Ainsworth

assay bal, 280assay bal mkr, 2498assay balance, 280, 2498coin sc retailer, 282

Air damping, 700-702, 843, 2183air-pumped, 719

Airdrie (inspectors mark), 45Aire & Calder Navigation, wts made for, 638Airmail sc see Postal scAirway, postal sc mkr, 437Airweigh

letter bal, 437letter balance, 437

Airy, G B, 2245, 2260astronomer, 390, 2245, 2248author, 134, 1961

Airy, W, 2433Airy's, "Everitts Patents, 1884 & 1889" (article), 2433-2435Airy's On Weighing Machines 1892 (book), 134Akan sc, 569-570, 594Akan Weights and the Gold Trade, reviewed by Garrard,

2024-2027Akan wts see weights, nationality, AkanAlaska gold rush sc, 149-150Alberti, Leon B

author, 332inventor, 574

Albigensean compression link, 2321Albinet, Jean & Audouin, Jean (patentee), 1370Albinson, J H & Cocker, H H, yarn balance patentee, 1176Albion Foundry Ltd

dates, 638wts, 613, 638

Albracht, M J Jr, letter scale patentee, 3139Albracht & Horn see Horn & AlbrachtAlbracht & Richter (export agent for Maul, Philipp Jakob),

1627Albracht-Horn see Horn & AlbrachtAlcocke, Robert

apprentice of Grove, Christopher I, 1734dates, 1734

Aldeburgh (inspectors mark), 45Alden, John (measure mkr), 1135-1136, 1855Alderman, T W & Co

parcel sc retailer, 40spring sc retailer, 40

Ale measure see beer measureAlex Bernstein & Co. Nachf., 2275"Alex Bernstein's Patent Coin Tester, Part 1" (article by

Lindner), 2272-2279"Alex Bernstein's Patent Coin Tester, Part 2" (article by

Lindner), 2287-2292Alexander (author), 1140, 1858Alexander the Great, 2620Alexandra

construction of, 2240registered trade name, 2240weight & size of, 2240

"Alexandra Person & Package Scale" (article by Danell & Hill), 2240-2242

Alien brothers, definition, 1724Allan's Canadian Butchers' Scales (article), 1437-1438Allchin, Henry

shop sc mkr, 1733succeeded by Allchin, Henry & Co, 1733

Allchin, Henry & Coat same address as Gilbert, John A & Co, 1733at same address as Smith, William & Co Ltd, 1733

succeeded by Allchin, Henry & Co Ltd, 1733successor of Allchin, Henry, 1733

Allchin, Henry & Co Ltdat same address as Miles & Co, 1733at same address as Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733successor of Allchin, Henry & Co, 1733

Allen (author), 1562, 1796Allen, James, letter scale stampbox combination, 3029Allen,Frank S, 3455

biography, 3455Chicago Scale Co treasurer, 3455

Allender, Johnccd, sold by Fairbanks, 78ccd mkr, 13, 760, 786trade card, 760, 895

Allgeier, Thomas, Dr., biography, 2547Allgeier et al's, "Mesmerised by Sartorius" (article), 2542-

2547Allgeier's, "Why Vacuum Weighing?" (article), 2592-2593Allied Development Corp

American sc retailer, 1933spring balance retailer, 1933-1934

Alliott, Alexander, 2451Allison, R, apprenticeship, 16Allmond, George

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1732coin sc mkr, 1729dates, 1732master of Allmond, William, 1732succeeded by Allmond, William, 1732

Allmond, Sarahdate, 1732successor of Allmond, William, 1732

Allmond, Williamapprentice of Allmond, George, 1732succeeded by Allmond, Sarah, 1732successor of Allmond, George, 1732

Allowance, beams, 137Alltools Ltd, 2214"Alternative Shapes for Analytical Weights" (article by

Hilgersom), 795-796Aluminium smelting, Hall Process, 2964AM Photo-Eng. Co. N.Y., 3196-3197

dates, 3196-3197Amalgamated Dental Company Ltd

dentists sc mkr, 2056rocker mkr, 2056

Amano, Yoshitaro, curator, Amano Museum, 2904Amano Museum, Lima, Peru, 2903-2907Ambler, Edward

dates, 1723sc mkr, 1723

Americanbullion deposits 1881, 531ccd

inventor, McNally, 2066mkr

Allender, John, 13, 754, 760, 786, 895, 904, 960

Berrian Mfg Co, 840, 1034Bragin, L, 875, 1019Chatillon, John & Sons, 333-338, 754, 760

Dye, John S, 874Fairbanks & Ewing, 761, 763Herpers, F J, 819Hoag, G, 930, 932Imlay & Bicknell, 764Infallible Coin Scale Co, 762Knight, E, 990Kronenberg, 763M B Coin Scale Co, 760Maranville, H, 13-14, 761, 763, 903-904, 1029,

2060McNally, J, 15McNally & Harrison, 15Meyers & Co, 764, 2061Purnelle, E C, 990Richtmann, C, 990Robinson, H G, 1020Seymour, Charles F, 2063Staples, C D, 818Sutton, J W, 875, 904Thompson, J A, 14, 761, 763, 840, 848Troemner, Henry, 2061Wilson, I, 760

patenteeAllender, John, 13, 78-79, 760, 788Bernstein, A, 842Berrian, 754Bragin, L, 875, 1018Cummings, D, 841, 2061Doherty, P, 874, 876Finch, F E, 1019Haas, W W, 991Herpers, F J, 819Hopkins, G M, 841Knight, E, 990, 2061Kronenberg, 763Maranville, H, 761, 818-820, 1029, 2060Painter, W, 820Parnell, W H, 1019Perkins, J, 2064Porter, T I, 1018Purnell, E E, 2061Purnelle, E C, 990Richtmann, C, 990, 2061Riess, R W, 992Robinson, H G, 13, 1020, 2061Smith, Gideon B, 13, 787Street, E, 931Sutton, J W, 875, 904Thompson, J A, 14, 761, 840, 876, 931Towsey, T J, 841Wiarda, J, 875

retailerFairbanks & Co, 15, 2066Fairbanks Infallible Scale Co, 15, 759, 2066

ccds, article by Mallis, 2059-2066civilization, 2148coin wts, Law 1699, 1470colonial

Troy wts, 1470W & M, article by Mahoney, 1135-1140, 1470,

1855-1860

customs' hydrometer, 2003egg testers, 411, 417marble plates, 1442measure mkr, Pratt, Josiah, 1137patentee see patentee, Americanpostal system see American Post Office; U S P O; U S

Postal Systemregulations for coin wts, 1470sc

retailerAdam's Apple Distributing Co, 2054Allied Development Corp, 1933Billings, R, 12, 356-360Black, Starr & Frost, 1668Bower Mfg Co, 1314Buckalew, B R, 153Coast Agencies, 1315Dairyman's Supply Co, 224Fairbanks, 1665-1666Farm Master, 1314Fitch, Dr C H, 1039Howarth & Ballard, 2046Liberty, 981Mermod, Jaccard & Co, 1668Nichols, A S Co, 809Oakes Mfg Co, 1314Perkins, Goodwin & Co, 1697Purina, 1039, 1314Tiffany, 1261, 2556, 2559-2560, 2629-2634Underwood Reporter Co, 995Warren & Co, 152

Standards Officer, 1470wt

importer, Richardson, Joseph, 1488-1493mkr, Tyson, Jacob, 1047retailer, Wright, R K, 84

wts, Standards, 1490American Antiquarian Society, 3162American Automatic Scale Co., 2206American Automatic Scale Co, 3251American Balance Co, 477American Bowling Congress, 3172-3173

letter from, 3173"American Counterfeit Coin Detectors"

article by Gorlick, 759-764article by Mallis, 12-15

"American Grain Testing Scales" (article by Jibben), 2895-2899

American Machine and Foundry, bowling bal sc mkr, 3174-3178

American Machine Co (postal sc mkr), 982-983American Mints, 531-534American Numismatic Society, 2447"American Patent Counterfeit Detectors" (article by

Mallis), 786-788, 818-820, 840-842, 875-876, 902-904, 930-932, 962-964, 990-992, 1018-1020

"American Patent Models" (article by Forsdyke), 1113-1115

American patenteeHallock, David, 3320Turnbull,Andrew, 3382, 3384-3392

American Post Office

scale contract to Fairbanks, E & T & Co, 107see also U S P O; U S Postal System

American scanalytical, 1000apothecary, 191, 2029assay, 154, 996, 1643, 1976bakers' dough, 1593bank, 78, 811, 991, 1020, 1189, 1211-1215, 1216, 1643bismar, 1030bread, 1093bullion, 157, 182, 532, 649, 811, 995, 1189, 1216,

1938-1940butchers, 559, 1591, 1593, 1643butter, 514button, 154, 157cake, 1591candlestick, 405, 1558-1559candy, 1123, 1591ccd, 13-15, 381-382, 384, 389, 414-415, 505, 754, 759-

764, 786-788, 818-820, 840-842, 875-876, 902-904, 930-932, 962-964, 990-992, 1029, 1276, 1279, 1283, 1313, 2059-2066, 2411-2412

chainomatic, 620chemical, 1101cloth, 1169CO2 cartridge weigher, 1039coin, 357-360, 817, 990, 1189, 1215, 2064coin-operated, 1020, 1710-1712compendium, 1031computing, 217, 2227-2230cotton, 1301-1302counter, 647, 1039, 1123, 1643, 2227-2230counter roberval & micrometer, 217, 361, 505dairy, 224, 514, 1000designer

Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 1039, 2029, 2041-2048Hassler, 102Saxon, Joseph, 102

diet, 1250drug, 1247, 2054-2055druggist, 1000, 1643, 2050-2052egg, 379-383, 411, 415-417, 958, 1275-1284feed, 1039glass-blowers, 994gold, 40, 152, 154, 1247, 1643grain, 80, 82, 222, 989, 1071grocers, 994, 1591-1592, 1643hay, 666-671housekeepers, 1466ice, 2220-2223imported, 1488-1493inventor, Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 191, 2029jewelers, 154kitchen, 877, 1247-1251, 1466, 1559laboratory, 1000mancur, 1863, 1874market, 1593martini, 1030milk, 1039mkr

A B C, 379, 1279A B F, 381-382, 1312

AC Co., 2227-2230Alderman, T W & Co, 40American, 1466American Balance Co, 477American Machine Co, 982-983Anderson Tool Co, 2227Angldile, 901Avery Scale Co, 1123Badger Fire Extinguisher Co, 1039Becker, Christian, 998, 1002Becker, Christian Inc, 998, 1002Becker, Christopher A, 620, 1000, 1002Becker & Son, 995, 1002Becker Brothers, 1002Becker's Son, 477Bedell, O W, 1284, 1314Berrian Mfg Co, 840, 1034Blattner, Jacob, 1976Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co, 1821Bremner see Morton & BremnerBrower, 922, 924Brower Mfg Co, 920, 1284, 1313, 1315Brown & Sharpe, 1169, 1696, 1702Buckelew & Waterman, 3110-3118Buffalo Scale Co, 82, 179, 901, 1696C S Co see Computing Scale CoC S H Industries Inc, 417Carlstedt Mfg Co, 41, 379-380, 414-415, 1276,

1313Chatillon, John & Sons, 333-338, 405, 417, 447-

452, 1282-1283, 1555, 1705, 2220-2221Computing Scale Co, 143, 216-217, 559CSH Industries Inc, 417, 1315Dairyman's Supply Co, 224Dakin Manufacturing Co, 1933-1934Davis, A B & Co, 785Dearborn, Benjamin, 1189, 1211-1216, 1554Dearborn, John M, 1554Deering Precision Instruments, 2054Dodge Mfg Co, 316, 505EggXact, 383, 1277Eschermann, W & Co, 958Eureka (Chatillon, John & Sons), 1557Exact Weight Scale Co, 704Fairbanks, E & T, 143, 182, 676, 723Fairbanks, Morse & Co, 184, 1692, 1702Fairbanks & Co, 15, 73-79, 80, 86, 100, 106-110,

142-144, 177, 182-184, 218-219, 396, 405, 426-427, 676, 989-994, 1017, 1028, 1106, 1114, 1169, 1692, 1696, 1701, 1725, 1918, 2050, 2052

Forschner, Chas & Sons Inc, 1039, 1555Foster, 1555Frary, 1555Frary & Clark, 676Frost Poultry Fences, 1279Gaston, 2978-2984Gifford Wood Co., 2221-2222Gorham, 1049, 1077, 1668-1671, 1674-1675, 1687Gradencandle Mfg Co, 1283, 1284Gradenway, 1313Gurley, W & L E, 1821

Haberson, Benjamin, 1047Hamilton Scale Co, 1711-1712Hanson, 1710Hanson Bros, 2952-2955, 2973-2977Hart, D W Mfg Co, 1279Hart, H W Mfg Co, 1283Hoag, G, 14Hoppe, 1555Howard & Davis, 1212, 1216Howe Scale Co, 530, 900-901, 1071, 1526-1527,

1701, 2050I D L, 1261James Mfg Co, 379, 381, 415, 417, 1281Jiffy Way Inc, 379, 1314Jones & Preston, 508Jones of Binghamton, 1078Kahlert Mfg Co, 1313Keller, G R, 16Keller, S, 154Keller Balance Mfg Co, 157Kohlbusch, Herman, 1643, 1940Kresky, 1276-1278, 1284Landers, 1555Landers, Frary & Clark, 676Lincoln Mfg, 415, 1276Magic Dragon Ent, 2055Metal Spec Mfg Co, 1933-1935Morton & Bremner, 1555Mount Tacoma Mfg Co, 381-382, 1312Natl Poultry Equipt Co, 1279, 1284Nichols, A S Co, 809Oakes Mfg Co Inc, 383-384, 1313Ohaus Scale Corp, 2055Otto, H J Mfg Co, 1315Pacific Poultry Appliance Co, 1277Peck, Stow & Wilcox, 1555, 1808Pelouze, 1259, 1261, 1555, 1671-1674, 2000, 2220Penn Scale Mfg Co, 647Petaluma Electric Incubator Co, 414-415, 1275-

1276, 1284Pitney-Bowes, 1986Plumly, George, 1490Plympton, H, 1211-1215Presto see Metal Spec Mfg CoPreston see Jones & PrestonPreston, William B, 332, 508Preston, William B & Son, 508Prospectus Mfg Co, 922, 1314-1315Queen, James W & Co, 1822Queen & Co, 1822Randolph, N V & Co, 1039, 2038Ray, Caleb, 817Reliable Automatic Dial Egg Sc see James Mfg CoReliable Mfg Co, 417, 1278, 1281, 1284, 1312,

3307-3309Richtmann, C, 990Robert, D L, 514, 1878Royal, 924Sargent & Co, 1555Speciality Mfg Co, 340, 383, 410, 415, 1282, 1315Springer Torsion Balance Co, 671, 998Squyer, Oscar C, 1905-1906

Starratt & Masters, 666Stow see American sc, mkr, Peck, Stow & Wilcox;

Peck, Stow & WilcoxToledo Scale Co, 224Torsion Balance & Scale Co, 997Torsion Balance Co, 477, 996-998, 1000, 2052Townsend, J & C, 1047Triner, 479Triner, J M, 479, 651Troemner, H & Co, 157Troemner, Henry, 157, 417, 1020, 1101, 1170,

1276, 1701, 1938-1940, 2051Turnbull, 981Vertex Industries Inc, 1000Ward, Montgomery & Co, 383, 1279, 1282Watling Mfg Co, 143Western Scale Works, 1039White Mfg Co, 381, 389, 1280-1282, 1284, 1973Wilcox, 1555

see also American sc, mkr, Peck, Stow & Wilcox; Peck, Stow & Wilcox

Wilcox Silver Plate Co, 1665-1666, 1679Wilkes, 1555Yarnell, Ellis, 1047Zenith, 379, 415

moisture tester, 218, 809moving-load, 990optical projection, 1000oval spring with 2 graduated charts, 1905paper, 1692, 1696, 1700-1702, 1705parcel, 1106, 2914-2918person, 184, 676, 980, 1710-1712pharmacy, 185photographers, 1918platform, 508, 1643Post Office, 1047, 1216, 1643postal, 479, 651, 676, 704, 958, 981-982, 990, 1017,

1049, 1077, 1259, 1261, 1527, 1556, 1665-1666, 1668-1675, 1679, 1681, 1687, 1933-1935, 1986, 2914-2918

Postal Service 1794, 1047pot plate, 1463precision, 16prescription, 143, 191, 1000, 1028, 1039, 2055ration stamp, 224roberval, accelerating, 1247roberval over & under, 1123roving, 1169shop, 980, 995spice, 1805spring, 333-338, 479, 1555spring tared, 1557standards, 1189, 1211-1216steelyard, 332, 508, 990, 1301-1302, 1665-1666, 1696tea, 1556, 1592tea-sampling, 1001timber moisture sc, 809torsion, 671, 996, 998-999, 1001trade, 332, 671, 2000trade card, 1490trade spring, 1039, 1557, 1905-1906trip, 647

union, 86, 514, 1592, 1807, 1835-1840, 1877-1878weighing scoops, 487-491, 2922-2924weight-collecting, 1071weight-depositing, 982yarn, 1170

American Standards, 1855-1860, 3319American Treasury, 648"American Unpatented CCDs" (article by Mallis), 2059-

2066American W & M made 1744, 1859-1860American Weigh (review), 717"American Weighing Scoop" (article by Carley), 487-492Ames see Gilbert, Ames & CoAmet, Edward, coin operated sc patentee, 2430AMF, bowling ball sc mkr, 3174-3178Ammunition sc, 1124Amos, John & Parkes, William

coin sc mkr, 1508dates, 1508

Amsbaugh, Charley, biography, 3123Amsbaugh's

"The, Perfection Egg Grader"(article), 3257-3258"Hanging Zeniths - Chicken orTurkey" (article), 3140-

3144"Oakes Manufacturing & Their Egg Scales"(article),

3397-3400"Orlando W. Bedell & the Zenith Egg Grading Scale

Part 1" (article), 3056-3059Part 2" (article), 3081-3084Part 3" (article), 3118-3123

"Pendulum Egg Scales"(article), 3483-3487"The Devil's in the Details"(article), 3306-3310

Amusement Machine Co., 2458"An American Patented Apothecary Scale" (article by

Beare), 3134-3138"An Early Howe? And How!" (article by Katz), 1526-1527"An Unusual Mordan Postal Scale" (article by Robinson),

3291-3292Analytical balance, 3-6, 16, 154-158, 563, 1000, 2239

definition, 3, 5, 170design of, 2239designer, Mendeleev (Mendelejew), 643development of, 2239mkr

Ainsworth, 280Becker, 5Becker, F E & Co, 280Becker's Sons, 65, 843-844Bertacchi, 2363Bunge, P, 589Day, William Chambers, 810George, W & T Ltd, 280George & Becker, 5Keller, G R, 16Kuhlmann, 5Oertling, Ludwig, 4, 5, 159, 564Rueprecht, 563Sartorius, F, 643Scarbi, 2363Stanton, 5Torsion Balance Co, 1000Vandelli, 2363

Vertex Industries Inc, 1000Zoboli, 2363

see also Precision bal; Substitution bal"Anatomy of a Cased Weight" (article by Crawforth), 1048Anchor

mark on wts, 24, 45, 1471see also assay office, Birmingham

Anchor conjoined with crown mark (Bewdley), 1959Anchor postal scale, 3467-3472

box for, 3467-3472description, 3467-3472patent drawings for, 3468patentee, 3467versions, 3470

Anchor Scale Co, 3467-3472Anchor trademark, 2420Ancient civilization

Andean, 2903Chinese, 2903, 2909Egyptian, 2903, 2909, 2911, 3025Indus, 2903, 2911Mesopotamian, 2903, 2911Peruvian, 2905-2907

"Ancient Coin Balance" (article by Holland), 814-816Ancient Peruvian scales, 2905-2907

description of, 2905-2907with hand bag, 2906with nets for load, 2906sensitivity of, 2906-2907table of, 2906wooden, 2905-2907

"Ancient Peruvian Standards & Scales" (article by Iwata), 2903-2913

"Ancient Royal Animal Wts of Burma" (by Gear, unpublished manuscript), 352

"Ancient Weights" (article by Malter), 308-310Anderson, coin sc retailer, 282Anderson, James Andrew

apprentice of Lawrence, John Peter, 1738apprentice of Woodage, George Cave, 1738dates, 1738master of Clark, William II, 1738master of Jones, Edward, 1738succeeded by Anderson & West, 1738

Anderson, R G W, 2268Anderson & West

dates, 1738successors of Anderson, James Andrew, 1738

Anderson Brothersbread sc mkr, 1089dates, 1448pot plate, 1448trade mark, 1448trade sc mkr, 1448

Anderson Historical Society, 2227Anderson Tool Co., 2227, 2230

Anderson Computing Scale Co., successor, 2227Anderson Tool and Scale Co., successor, 2227computing scale, 2227-2230, 2258-2259

chart, 2258description of, 2227-2230poise, 2258

dates, 2227see also catalogue

Anderton, Thomas, uncle of Smith, Addison, 3345Anderton & Calley, scientific instrument mkr, 1508Anderton Son & Calley, coin wts mkr, 884, 1062, 1508Andrew, J, patentee, 276"Andrew Turnbull Scales"(article by Berning,Jan), 3382-

3392Angel

coin introduced, 951see also weights, denomination, angel

Angel (on wts), 1355Angel & Kings arms (shop sign), 207Angel & sc

mark on wts, 21, 1331shop sign, 247, 1382trademark, Anderson Brothers, 1448

Angel & star (shop sign), 207-208, 1382Angemeldet, German patent pending, 703Angldile Computing Scale Co, 2131-2134, 2230

addresses, 2131-2134dates, 2131-2134post card, 3161sold to Smith Scale Co, 2139trade card, 180, 901, 3161trade sc, 180, 901see also catalogue

Angldile Computing Scale Co factory, 3161"Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1" (article), 2131-2140Angldile factory, 3160Angldile Scale

conical dial, 2131-2140damper, 2131-2140dash pot, 2131-2137distinctive mechanism, 2131-2140finish colors, 2137history, 2131-2140light-up marquee, 2133, 2137officers & directors, 2131-2140pendulum scale, 2131-2133

Angle sc see pendulum scAnglers & letter sc, spring, 1263Anglers sc, 198, 428, 1726

mkrFarlow, Charles & Co, 1726Murcott, Theophilus, 1726Parnell, 198, 199Siebe, A, 1726

Anglican pounds, 3151Anglo-Saxon, weighing practices, 1326Aniline dye, note by Beare, 1862Animal-feed sc see feed scAnimal-form wt see weight, shape, animalAnimal sc

mkrAvery, W & T Ltd, 978Avery-Salter, 543Béranger, Joseph, 1664Davis, A B & Co, 785Marriott, Henry, 1883Ubrig, E & Co, 1439

"Animal Shaped Weights of the Burmese Empires "

(article), 2824Anne I of G B, coinage, 463, 914"Another German Coin-op" (article by Holtman), 2532"Another Look Back" (article by Holdaway), 851-855Anscheutz & Co see Anscheutz & SchlaffAnscheutz & Schlaff

address next to Clais, Johann Sebastian, 1886circular coin sc, 1850-1851coin sc mkr, 269, 597, 607, 1300, 1684, 1760, 1850-

1851collaborating with Clais, Johann Sebastian, 1724dates, 598, 1724hydrostatic sc mkr, 1684out of use, 1913pendulum sc mkr, 269, 597, 1850-1851

Anti-friction plate, 137-138definition, 170-171

Antique Weights, The Nineteenth Century (review), 2243Antwerp box end, definition, 172, 254Antwerp bullion ounce, 1992Antwerp end see beam end shapesAntwerp mark, 1991Antwerp pound, 1992, 1995Anvil, inspectors, 120"Any Advance on Six?" (article by Buchanan), 2243-2249Aperiodic bal, 700

mkr, Bunge, Paul, 700"Apothecary balance" (article by Pommier), 599-601Apothecary sc

equal arm hand held, 793, 799, 801, 804-805, 1192, 3268

equal-arm pillar, 78, 185, 477, 599, 793, 797, 806-807, 977, 1195-1196, 1464

inventorCyrani & Reinhardt, 3134-3138Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 2029

levers on, 3134-3138mazak beam, 977mkr

Avery, W & T, 793, 801, 805, 3488Avery, W & T Ltd, 793, 805-806, 977, 1424Bastick, Richard & Son, 1734Bather, George, 1738Beach, Thomas, 1508Becker's Sons, 477Béranger, 929Chisholme, James, 1738Cyrani & Reinhardt, 3134-3138Day & Millward, 802DeGrave, Short, Fanner & Co, 794, 806Dodge Mfg Co, 36, 360Ensign, 807Exupere, L, 599-601Fairbanks, 73, 78, 109, 143-144, 805, 1422Fairbanks, E & T, 805Fairbanks & Co, 73, 78, 109, 143-144, 805, 1422Gruber, John P., 2551Herbert, Thomas, 354, 1192Herbert & Sons, 1195-1196Herbertz, John Wilhelm, 800Holt, William, 1738Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 803

Kosmo, 799Mattocks & Son, 1731Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1654Meymott, Samuel, 1737Newman, J, 1519Nicholl, William Lewis & Co, 1733Ovendon, James, 1731Pallett, Richard, 1736Payne & Ovendon, 1732Poupard, E, 799Poupard, E II, 1330Poupard, Edward, 799Robinson, James, 1841Sauter, August, 806Sharples, G, 802Tivoli, J L & C, 807Torsion Balance Co, 1000Troemner, Henry, 811Warmisham, Samuel, 1733Webb, R W, 798Young, John & Son, 799-800, 804

nationalityAmerican, 36, 73, 78, 109, 143, 360, 805, 811,

1000, 1422, 2029, 3134-3138British, 793-794, 799-802, 806-807, 977, 1192,

1195-1196, 1330, 1424, 1508, 1726, 1731-1734, 1736-1738

French, 185, 599German, 803, 806Irish, 1841

patent, 3134-3138pendulum, 1654retailer

Baileys, 1726Maw Son & Mawson, 1726Piggott, John, 1726Sparks, Treharne & Co, 802

roberval, 78, 793steelyard, 73, 805, 1422, 2029torsion, 997, 1000trip, 1591see also Prescription sc

Apothecary sc (article), 797-808, 826-835, 3134-3138Apothecary wt, 832, 3437-3438

Avery, W & T, 828, 833-834, 968Birmingham Avery Historical Museum, 832Gruber, John P., 2551mkr

Day, William Chambers, 829H & S, 829, 834Young & Son, 835

see also weights, denomination, Troy; Weights, denomination, Troy

Apprentice, 210-214, 239-248, 1741Apprenticeship, 1388, 1741

vows, 1741Approval, requirements, 2259Approval seal, definition, 171APVA, 3212, 3213Aquaregia, acid to sweat coins, 265Arab trader, 626"Arabic Glass Weights" (article by Vorley), 160-162

Arabic Glass Weights in British Museum, n d catalogue, 162

Arabic numerals, 912Arbiter see Vandome & Hart LtdArbroath (inspectors mark), 45Arc, graduated, 642Arc arrestment see radial arrestmentArc Scale Co, 2845-2846, 2861-2865

double fulcrum family sc mkr, 2845-2846, 2861-2865"Arc Scale Co, etc" (article by Berning), 2861-2865Arc Scale Manufacturing Co, 2845-2846Archaeological Resource Centre (York, England), 2109Archdall, Henry

coin wts mkr, 462, 465, 1103-1104, 1756dates, 1756H A intertwined mark, 1756inherited dies, 1756inspector for Trustees of Linen Manufacture, 1756Irish wts mkr, 462, 465, 1103-1104, 1755-1756master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755-1756successor of Archdall, William, 1756

Archdall, Williamapprentice of King David, 1756assay master of Dublin, 1755-1756coin sc mkr, 1758coin wts mkr, 1103, 1757Collector of Revenue, 1756on Common-Council of Dublin, 1756dates, 1756inherited dies from Kidder, Vincent, 1757official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755Receiver of Duties on Plate, 1756succeeded by Archdall, Henry, 1756successor of Kidder, Vincent, 1823warden of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1756

Archives, North Carolina, 3319"Are There Scale Patents in Michigan?"(article by

Schmidt), 3243-3245Argyll, 45

inspectors mark, 45Arm, definition, 171Armand, P, patentee, 426Armourers' Co

guild, 248records, 248

Arms, Edward (Chief Engineer for Gurley, W & L E), 2965Army & Navy see catalogueArmy & Navy Stores

household sc retailer, 1727postal sc retailers, 1673roberval sc retailer, 1667spring bal retailer, 1673

"Arresting the Vacua"(article by Oliver), 2593-2597Arrestment

plate, 2153sequence, 3, 4system, Oertling, 2153

Arrestment gear, 3-4, 116-117, 154-155, 653, 2363beam raised, 1211, 1213box, inventor Cramer, J A, 631circular, 643

inventor Mendeleev, 643cord lift, 277, 437, 630-632, 665definition, 171-172, 287, 1026double, 751parallel, 643, 720pedal & spring, 1027rods in twin pillars, 664

Arrow sc, definition, 171, 172"Arrow Sc & Wts" (article by Benton), 869-870Arstall

coin sc mkr, 2009nesting wts, 2011

Arstall, Ellendaughter of Arstall, George, 2003daughter of Dicas, Mary, 2003partner in Arstall, Widow & Son?, 2003

Arstall, Frederick Dicasaddresses, 2013dates, 2013son of Arstall, George, 2004son of Dicas, Mary, 2004

Arstall, Georgeaddresses, 2013article by Morrison-Low, 2003-2014dates, 2013Dicas' hydrometer mkr, 2003father of Arstall, Ellen, 2003father of Arstall, Frederick Dicas, 2004husband of Dicas, Mary, 2004partner of Dicas, Mary, 2003scientific instrument mkr, 2003son-in-law of Dicas, John, 2004son of Arstall, William?, 2007

Arstall, Thomasaddresses, 2014dates, 2014

Arstall, Widow, date, 2013Arstall, Widow & Son

addresses, 2013bank sc mkr, 2012bullion bal mkr, 2012dates, 2013hydrostatic sc mkr, 2012possibly Arstall, Ellen, 2003trade card, 2012

Arstall, Widow A & Sonaddresses, 2013dates, 2013

Arstall, Williamaddresses, 2013coin sc mkr, 2001, 2009, 3413coin sc retailer, 2002dates, 2013father of Arstall, George?, 2007trade card, 2010

Arstall,W, label, 3413Art Nouveau, 2438

see also Postal scArtist, 3453-3454

Breugel, 2963Christus,Petrus, 3453-3454van Eyck,Jan, 3453-3454

Arundel, 45inspectors mark, swift (hirondel), 45, 1977

Arvon (mark on wts), 69Arzberger, Friedrich

academic engineer, 2593, 2595air damping, 701designer of air damping, 702Director of Imperial & Royal Standardisation

Committee of Austria, 702, 2593precision bal mkr, 701, 2662

ASCOadvertisements, 2158answer from Rangeley, 2157-2160balance-ball, 2157detachable scoop, 2157equal-arm balance, 2157fan-chart, 2157household scale, 2160oil filled damper, 2157, 2159take-over by Bizerba, 2157see also Automatic Scale Co

ASCO (query from Cohn), 2157Asco-Bizerba, 2157Ashanti see Akan; weights, nationality, AkanAshmolean museum collection of coin-wts, 1794Ashton under Lyme mark, 1960Asparagus sc

mkr, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1655pendulum, 1655

Aspreyhousehold sc retailer, 1727pendulum sc retailer, 1676postal sc retailer, 1676

Assaydefinition, 665method, 534, 665tons, 280, 331wts see Weights, denomination, troy

Assay balance, 3, 6, 157, 629-632, 664-665, 996, 1719, 1791, 2792-2794

accuracy of, 2793, 2934Agricola, Georgius, 2623beam length, 5bearings & pivots, 2794Berzelius, J J, 2623Biringuccio, Vannoccio, 2623button bal, 154, 157capacity of, 2793Cramer, Johann Andreas, 2623definition, 3, 6, 171description, 2117Ercker, Lazarus, 2623evolution of, 2497mkr

Ainsworth, 2498, 2792-2794, 2934Avery, W & T Ltd, 159Becker, F E & Co, 280-281, 2498Blattner, Jacob, 1976Bosch, Gebr, 664Bunge, Paul, 792, 792, 2498Cramer, J A, 630-632Denver Balance Co., 2498

Field, John, 2117Galonde, 629-632Keller, S, 154-155, 157-158Keller Balance Mfg Co, 157Kohlbusch, 2498Lingke, Wilhelm, 2498Maison Exupère of Paris, 2497Makins, 2113-2121Oertling, Ludwig, 5, 159, 2118, 2498Oertling, Ludwig Ltd, 159Smith & Thompson, 2498Sommers, Charles I, 1392Sommers & Son, 1396Torsion Balance Co, 996Troemner, Henry, 811, 2498Voland & Sons, 2498Webb, R W, 798

Norton, Thomas, 2623rider's weight on, 2935silver (Eduard Harkor), 2623see also precision bal

The Assay Balance, Its Evolution and the History of the Companies That Made Them (review), 2497-2498

Assay MasterBirmingham, Jackson, James, 1475, 1494-1496Cork, Smart, Richard, 1472-1473Dublin, Lord Richard, 1471French, Charpentier, 1623Goldsmiths' Co, Basbee, Walter, 2081Sheffield

Bradbury, D, 1474, 1623Johnson, 1471

Assay OfficeAmerican, 531-534, 3019Birmingham, 23-24, 45, 498-500, 1471, 1473-1474,

1494-1496, 1565, 2442Boise City, 531Bristol, 45, 499-500British, 2440Charlotte, 531Cork, 1473Dahlonega, GA, 3019Dublin, 1471Edinburgh, 45, 2442Exeter, 498Glasgow, 45Helena, 531London Goldsmiths' Hall, 23-24, 45, 498, 968Mint, 1474, 1477New York, 531-534Newcastle on Tyne, 45, 497-498, 500Philadelphia, 1470Sheffield, 502, 1471, 1473St Louis, 531

Assay scale, 3019, 3310miners,' 3310

Assay scale mkrFairbanks, 2117, 3310Sommers, Charles I, 1392Sommers & Son, 1396

Assaying, 534, 1436Assize Court in Lancaster, 3410

cases in, 3410-3413Assize of Bread, 1054-1055, 1074, 1087, 1104Assize of David, 2018, 2020, 3043Assize of James I, 3044Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities,

3212Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities see

APVAAssyrian, weight, 2147Assyrians, scale beam ends, 2144Astill, Susannah

coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1732master of Wenborn, Robert, 1739partner of King, 1732partner of Partridge, John, 1731partner of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1732succeeded by Astill & King, 1732successors of Astill & Partridge, 1732widow of Astill, William, 242

Astill, Williamapprentice of Goodman, John, 1729coin sc mkr, 242, 1731dates, 1731husband of Astill, Susannah, 242master of Payne, Benjamin, 1726, 1731, 1737master of Trout, Thomas, 1732master of Wynn, John, 1732sc mkr, 3086-3088succeeded by Astill & Partridge, 1732

Astill & KingAstill, Susannah & King, Thomas, 1732dates, 1732sc mkr, 1732succeeded by Astill & Payne, 1732successor of Astill, Susannah, 1732

Astill & PartridgeAstill, Susannah & Partridge, John, 1732coin sc mkr, 1732dates, 1732succeeded by Astill, Susannah, 1732successors of Astill, William, 1732

Astill & PayneAstill, Susannah & Payne, Benjamin, 1732coin sc mkr, 1732dates, 1732succeeded by Payne, Benjamin, 1732successors of Astill & King, 1732

Aston & Mander, precision bal mkr, 1821Aston & Mander Ltd

scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

AT Co., 2227-2230Atheneum Library, founded by Fairbanks, 3066-3067Atherton, A & Co

dates, 638wts, 638

Atomic Energy Commission, 2501Atomic mass standard, 2219Aubron, Thomas J, inventor Perfection egg grader, 3257Auction catalogue

Auction Team Koln Breker (1992), 1608

Boardman's (1986), 1795Bowers & Merena (Nov 1995), 1999Essener Auktion

X (1975), 64XIV (1976), 64XX (1977), 64IV (1985), 1899-19006 (1990), 64, 1899-1900

Hilden (1976), 64Malter auction VII (1979), 1900-1901Münz Zentrum Auktion XXXVII (9 Nov 1979), 3206Numismatica/Wendt

VI (1974), 64, 87, 1756X (1975), 64, 87, 254, 507XIV (1976), 64, 87XX (1977), 64, 87

Palmer & Sons,J H (Oct 1999), 3417Phillips Son & Neale (1982), 401Seaby's Bulletin (1970s), 1795Sotheby

1975, 1305, 13101984, 18731987, 965-966

Audouin see Albinet, Jean & Audouin, JeanAuncel, 1075, 1568

mkr, Targot, Thomas, 1727retailer, Parker, William, 1829see also bismar

Austin, Aaron, coin wt mkr, 499, 502Austin I, postal sc mkr, 408-409Austin II, postal sc retailer, 530Australian

pendulum postal sc, 2407-2408advertising on, 2407aluminium, 2407made in New York, 2407patentee, Willis, 2407rates in New S Wales, 2407US patent, 2408

Australian gold rush, 151"Australian Pendulum Postal" (article by Denford), 2407-

2408Austrian

sccoin, 1290kitchen, 1945, 1966laboratory, 872ladle, 1945mkr

Arzberger, Friedrich, 701Nemetz, Guiseppe, 1822Praktik Product Scadle, 1945, 1966Rueprecht, 563Rueprecht, Albert & Sohn, 718Schember, C & Sohne, 1698Starke & Kammerer, 872

paper, 1698postal, 1260, 2407-2408precision, 563steelyard, 504-505

zinc wts see Weights, material, zincAustrian Imperial & Royal Standardisation Committee, 702

"Authenticity" (article by Boogaard), 683-691Autocollimation, definition, 791-792Automat

bilateral pendulum sc mkr, 1260Columbus Bilateral trade name, 1260patentee, 1260, 1631-1632

Automaticbal see folding gold balsc, 711, 1201

definition, 171weighing machines mkr, Driver Southall Ltd, 1734

Automatic Computing & Counting Scales, 2637Automatic feed weigher, 2452Automatic Grain Weigher, MI patent, 3261Automatic machines, 2424-2426Automatic merchandising machine, 2423Automatic sc mkr, Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1201Automatic scale, 2214Automatic Scale Co, 3244

addresses, 715, 2159advertisements, 2158Ltd, 2157paddle dashpot, 2159patentee, 715, 2159semi-self-indicating sc mkr, 715take-over by Bizerba, 2157tobacco scale, 2157

Automatic weighing machine, 2433see also coin-freed; scale, coin-operated

Autoway postal sc see SalterAverdepois see avoirdupoisAvery

advertisingbank, 3312letter opener, 3311weight pen holders, 3285, 3311

inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469patent, 805pit scale maker, 3449-3450tie pin, 3516W & T, berangèr mkr, 2440weighing aeroplanes, 3440-3441

Avery, Henry Johnstone, family tree, 1506Avery, Thomas I

family tree, 1506great-nephew of Beach, Thomas, 1506helping Avery, William, 1576

Avery, Thomas II, family tree, 1506Avery, W & T

aeroplane sc, 3440-3441animal sc, 653apothecary sc mkr, 793, 805, 3488apothecary wts, 828, 833-834, 968béranger sc mkr, 1646, 2601Birmingham sc mkr, 1725, 3438-3439bread sc mkr, 1790butchers sc mkr, 974ccd, compared with Maul, Philipp Jakob ccd, 1615ccd mkr, 717, 1616coal sc mkr, 975coin wts, 884, 919, 968, 1127-1132confectioners sc mkr, 803, 852

contracting beam sc mkr, 1636counter beam mkr, 2312-2313

for Indian market, 2312-2313in Sri Lanka, 2312-2313

counter sc mkr, 7, 131, 711, 1644-1648, 1692, 2334design registration, 829earthenware wts, 143, 386egg sc mkr, 922folder mkr, 2405-2406half-roberval sc mkr, 2307inspectors sc mkr, 794kitchen sc mkr, 768making Barbazon weighbridges, 3440-3441making Concorde scales, 3440-3441office in London, 1725owners of Newman, J, 1519paper sc mkr, 1692-1694, 1702-1703parcel sc mkr, 3155-3156person sc mkr, 224platform sc mkr, 32, 653, 726, 1636platform sc of Fairbanks design, 726postal sc mkr, 677, 1217, 1262, 1514-1518, 2307,

3155-3156, 3284postal steelyard, 1514, 3284predecessors, 1505-1506price-computing, 974retailing Salter bals, 523roberval sc mkr, 731, 2601sack sc mkr, 1460spring resistant, 922stand sc mkr, 1452, 1458, 1519, 2334-2336steelyard mkr, 653, 1461, 1514-1518, 1702, 2307steelyard with two poises, 1518tea sc mkr, 1462trade card, 1579trade sc mkr, 1453Union sc mkr, 1838wholesalers, 1726wts, 588, 635-638, 653, 828, 833, 1272see also catalogue

Avery, W & T (article), 1514-1518, 3488Avery, W & T Ltd, 246, 274, 2331

apothecary sc mkr, 793, 805, 1424aquired Boulton's Soho Foundry, 3451béranger sc mkr, 289bought Bartlett, 2940bought Bayliss, W & Co, 2840bought DeGrave, Short & Co Ltd, 246bought Hodgson & Stead, 2940bought Newman, J, 1519bought Oertling, Ludwig, 1724bought Pooley, 2940, 3451bread sc mkr, 1089-1092, 1095, 1097-1098, 1462, 1791butchers sc mkr, 289-290, 974ccd mkr, 1180, 1616coal sc, 130-131, 133, 974-976coin operated sc mkr, 2493-2495computing sc mkr, 1517confectioners sc mkr, 7, 852counter sc mkr, 1645-1648, 1692dates in Ireland, 1758earthenware wts, 83-85, 143, 386

employer of Elphick, 2080fan sc mkr, 1318folding gold bal, 274, 2405-2406historical museum, 79, 83, 85, 1888history, 118inspector's bal mkr, 115-120inspectors tools, 118-119jockey sc, 60owners of Driver, George & Son Ltd, 1734owners of Garland, James & Co, 1840owners of Oertling, Ludwig Ltd, 159owners of Tacho-Schnellwaagenfabrik, 959paper sc mkr, 1517, 1692, 1702parcel sc mkr, 1260, 1262part owners of Berkel G M B H, 959pendulum sc mkr, 1318person sc mkr, 1706platform sc mkr, 32, 1185, 1457porcelain wts see earthenwarePost Office sc, 1036postal sc mkr, 821, 1457, 1517, 3155, 3284postal steelyard, 1517, 3284pot plate, 1448pot wts see weights, material, earthenwareproportional wts, 635retailer, 523, 821retailing Salter spring bal, 523stand sc mkr, 1453steelyard mkr, 1090-1092, 1185, 1424, 1457, 1517,

1702steelyard with turn-over poise, 1091successors of Newman, J, 1758successors of Pooley, Henry & Co Ltd, 1732successors of Vandome & Hart Ltd, 1730suppliers to Commonwealth, 1036sweets sc mkr, 1184tobacco sc mkr, 7tobacconists sc mkr, 7trade mark, 1448trade sc mkr, 1448, 1451, 1453-1454vibrating inverted roberval sc, 1453weighbridge, 978, 3448-3452wts mkr, 295-297, 441, 586-588, 611, 615, 633, 637,

1095, 1697yarn bal mkr, 1173see also catalogue

Avery, Williambought business, 1576family tree, 1506great-nephew of Beach, Thomas, 1506mercer, 1576

Avery, William Bielby, family tree, 1506Avery, William Henry, family tree, 1506Avery & Timson

Avery, W & T & Timson W, 677-678patentee, 677-678

Avery advertisement, letter opener, 3311Avery Berkel, 3255Avery butcher's scale, 3316"Avery? Fairbanks?" (article by Grice), 1422-1425Avery Historical Museum, lyre-spring sc, 1888Avery-Salter, animal sc mkr, 543

Avery Scale CoAmerican sc mkr, 1123candy sc mkr, 1123Protector trade name, 1123

Avery Weigh-Tronix, 3255"Avery's Druggist's Scales" (article by Rangeley), 3488Avoirdupois system, 1346-1347

origins, 2018, 2021-2023Avoirdupois wts see weights, denominationAylesbury, Sir Thomas, 1010, 1012-1013

organised ccd making, 1727organised wts making, 1727

Ayr, mark on wts, 45, 46Ayrshire, inspectors mark, 46

BB

C-spring mkr, 1874mark on wts, 1005

see also BriotB (Kalkoff, P), 1874B & Cie see Béranger & CieB B, mark on wts, 46B B & Son, wts mkr, 638B C, mark on wts, 44, 46B D, C-spring mkr, 1874B H under W R crowned (Lancashire Blackburn), 1957B in F (Barrow in Furness), 1960B M crowned, mark on wts, 94B O G, mark on wts, 93B of L, mark on wts, 93B of R, mark on wts, 121B P under V R crowned (Pontefract), 1959B S, mark on wts, 121B S & M Co Ltd see Burrows, Stewart & Milne Co LtdB S M 1867 (mark on wts; St Marylebone), 1960B S M mark (Marylebone), 1928B V & Co, wts mkr, 638Babcock Test, 218, 219, 3420Baby sc

berangér, 1294mkr

Chatillon, John & Sons, 333, 335, 338, 1600Melot & Putzeys, 1293-1294

top-pan spring, 1600see also Person sc

Babyloniacivilization of, 2146technical achevements of, 2144

Babylonianmina weight, 2148

duck shaped, 2148granite, 2143swan shaped, 2148

pear-shaped weight, 2143shekel weight, 2143, 2148-2149

material made of, 2146Bache, E W, patentee, 549Bacon (author), 728Bacon, Francis, 986Bacon sc, semi-self indicating, 8Badcock, William Geagle

apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1738coin sc mkr, 246dates, 1734master of Goddard, Howell, 1738master of Woodage, George Cave, 1735successor of Blackman, Solomon, 1734-1735

Badger Fire Extinguisher Co, steelyard mkr, 1039Badlam, Stephen, owner of Adams', John scales, 2537"Bagging and Tagging" (article by Knights), 3435Bahrain, gold sc, 249, 626Bailey, patentee see Wilson, R & Bailey, W HBaileys

apothecary sc retailer, 1726surgical appliance suppliers, 1726

Baillet, roberval sc mkr, 2487Baily's metal, bronze, 2080Baird & Tatlock

Glasgowscientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Londonprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

precision bal mkr, 1791Baird & Tatlock Ltd, chromium-plated wt mkr, 2550Bakelite, postal sc, 479Bakers sc, 1053, 1352, 1592-1593

mkr, Chatillon, John & Sons, 1592-1593Baking, 1053Balance

chemical, 2268general, 2268history of, 2268hydrostatic, 2268laboratory, 3033weight depositing, 2542-2547, 3320

Balance, 2268, 2661"Balance as a Tool against Commercial Fraud," 2219Balance ball, 137, 217-218, 1452, 1746

definition, 138, 171, 1746fraud, 1184, 1746

Balance bascule see bérangerBalance box

definition, 171fraud, 1184

Balance indicator, 2438bird beak shaped, 2438

Balance-romaine, 1246Balances, history of, 2217-2218Balances & Weights catalogue of Whipple Museum by

Brown (review), 593"Balances by Greaves" (article by Crawforth), 23Balanciers Etalonneurs leurs Marques leurs Poincons by

Lavagne (review), 556Balansa scoop, scoop scale, 3234Balden, Joseph

family tree, 1506nephew of Beach, Thomas, 1506

Balden, Joseph Icoin sc mkr, 1508dates, 1508, 1576

family tree, 1506gold machine mkr, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508, 1574wts mkr, 1508

Balden, Joseph IIdates, 1508family tree, 1506

Balden, Joseph Jr.dates, 1508family tree, 1506

Balden, Joseph Sr.family tree, 1506gold machine mkr, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508, 1574wts mkr, 1508

Balden, Samuel, 1579Balden & Whitfield


Balduin Heller's Söhnebilateral scale patentee, 3323-3324patentee, 318, 3323-3324

Baldwin, Leroy Wilbur, coin operated sc patentee, 2431, 2457

Ball see poiseBall, William, 2388-2390

apprentice of Burton, James, 1736apprentice of Picard, John, 1736apprentice of Winspeare, Thomas, 1736clock mkr, 2388steelyard mkr, 2388-2390

Bister, 2388-2390Ball & rod

mkr, 1220, 1232postal sc, 1294-1295, 1320see also Wright, H B

rod pre-loaded for postal rate, 1232, 1294-1295Ball scale, American, 2685, 2687Ballans, F, bread, sc mkr, 1089Balloon-foot, counter sc, 1452, 1454, 1458, 1461Balls, silver braid, 205, 206Balog (author), 310Band, 229

definition, 171, 229Bandi, 2357Bandolier, 2231Banfield, S

dates, 1443pot plate, 1443

Banfield, S Ltd, trade sc mkr, 1443Bank

advertising, 3312-3313sc

ccd, 66, 991, 1019definition, 257equal arm, 136, 697, 811, 1020, 1105, 1189, 1211-

1215, 2679-2682mkr

Arstall, Widow & Son, 2012Bourne, Thomas, 697Bourne & Smith, 136Crosby, Daniel I, 1763

Crosby, Daniel II, 1763CWS Scales Dept, 1105Dearborn, Benjamin, 1189, 1211-1215Fairbanks, 78Fairbanks & Co, 78, 107Knight, George, 1416Nicholl & Fowler, 1733Osterlich Ltd, 1105Pickering, James II, 1832Plympton, H, 1189, 1211-1215Salter, 518, 526, 528Salter, Geo & Co, 518Sutcliffe, H & Co., 2679-2682Testut, 1295Troemner, Henry, 811, 1020Winsbury, John & Son, 1733

nationalityAmerican, 78, 811, 991, 1020, 1189, 1211-

1215British, 89, 114, 136, 172, 257, 518, 526, 528,

697, 1105, 1416, 1733, 2243-2249, 2679-2682, 2901-2902

French, 1295Irish, 1762-1763, 1832

patentee, Schmolz, W, 1020rocker, 991spring, 518, 526, 528top-pan spring sc, 518, 526, 528see also bankers; bullion

weighing coins, 23wts see weights, purpose

Bank of England, 1128, 1963, 2243-2249Bullion Office of, 2243-2244owner of Standard Troy Wt of 1758, 392sc, 105, 114, 2243-2244sorting machine, 103

Bank of Ireland, 1755, 1832Banker and his Wife, Reymerswaele's painting, 744Bankers

sc, 2901-2902definition, 257

weighing money, trade card, 1295wts see weights, purpose, bankers

Banks, J, patentee see Weerasinghe, B E & Banks, JBanque de France' adjuster, Charpentier, 1623Bar wts see weight, shape, barBa'ra Ibn, Cairo mint official, 815Barash, Professor Al, 3206Barclay (author), 610Barge sc

mkrBéranger, Joseph, 1664Brown, Lennox & Co, 655, 661, 698-699

platform, 655, 661, 698-699, 1664Barker, A, candlestick sc mkr, 3128Barker, S G see British Research Association, Barker, S G

& Hedges, J JBarlett, John & Son, successor of Bartlett, John, 824Barlow, H B, yarn bal patentee, 1176Barmer Waagenfabrik, béranger mkr, 2440Barned & Co, sc mkr, 556Barnes, Mell, Banker, 3247

Barnes, W M, bread sc mkr, 1089Barnes Scale Company, 3261

Barnes, Emma I, witness, 3261Barnes, Harry W, Vice Pres, 3261Barnes, Mell

founder, 3247President, 3261

Barnes, Stuart C, 3261Barnes, Thomas W, Secretary Treasurer, 3261Barnes, Walton J, Vice Pres, 3261coin operated scale, operated by NAVCO, 3259-3260coin operated scale mkr, 3259-3260Court case, 3255History, 3261-3262MI sc mkr, 3034, 3244, 3247, 3259-3260, 3261-3262Simms, C H, Secretary, 3261

Barnet's, "What Kind of Poise?" (query), 2835-2837Barnett, John, biography, 2989Barnett & Cima's, Notes & Queries 147, "What Kind of

Poise," 2835-2837Barnett's "Found, the Missing Mordan" (article), 2987-2989Baroque, 2438Barrington, John

coin wts mkr, 1758date, 1758

Barrowaccuracy, 2080sc for comparison of local standards, 2080

Barrow in Furness mark, 1960Bartholomew Lane, 1745, 3017-3019"Bartholomew Lane, London" (article by Diana Crawforth-

Hitchins), 3016-3019Bartlett see Hargrave & BartlettBartlett, C H

parcel sc mkr, 1256patentee, 537, 1256steelyard mkr, 1028

Bartlett, C H & Codates, 1732patentee, 232, 537postal sc mkr, 232successor of Bartlett, Charles & Son, 1732

Bartlett, Charlesapprentice of Bartlett, John, 1732, 2920apprentice of DeGrave, Edward Abraham, 1732brother of Bartlett, John, 1732, 2920dates, 1732diamond sc mkr, 1732succeeded by Bartlett, Charles & Co, 1732working Newcastle, 1732

Bartlett, Charles & Codates, 1732succeeded by Bartlett, Charles & Son, 1732successor of Bartlett, Charles, 1732

Bartlett, Charles & Sondates, 1732succeeded by Bartlett, C H & Co, 1732successor of Bartlett, Charles & Co, 1732

Bartlett, John, 2920apprentice of Wood, Robert (line omitted), 1732apprentice of Wynn, John, 1732coin sc mkr, 1732

dates, 824, 1732harp top sc mkr, 2919-2922London & Bristol, 1732, 2919-2920master of Bartlett, Charles, 1732shop sc mkr, 2919-2922succeeded by Barlett, John & Son, 824succeeded by Bartlett, S, 1732succeeded by Pooley, 2919, 2940

Bartlett, John & Sondates, 824, 1732, 2920shop sc mkr, 1732succeeded by Bartlett & Son Ltd, 824, 1732successor of Bartlett, John, 824

Bartlett, L, weigh scoop patentee, 492Bartlett, S

dates, 1732successor of Bartlett, John, 1732

Bartlett & Son Ltd, 2920bread, sc mkr, 1089dates, 824, 1732locations, 2924succeeded by Pooley, Henry & Co Ltd, 1732successors of Bartlett, John & Son, 824, 1732working Bristol & Cardiff, 1732

Bartlett family, 1744"Bartlett Pairs" (article by Robinson & Knights), 2919-

2922"Bartlett Pairs Postscript" (article by Rangeley), 2940-2941Barton, Clara, 2819-2820Barton, John

bank sc designer, 2246dates, 1508father of Barton, William Bridgins, 1505steelyard mkr, 1505, 1508

Barton, William Bridginsdates, 1508son of Barton, John, 1505steelyard mkr, 1505, 1508succeeded by Beach, Thomas, 1505

Barton,Johnforerunner of Avery, 3451weighbridge maker, 3451

Basbee, Walter, assaymaster of Goldsmiths' Co, 2081Basch's

"Allenders ccds", letter to editor, 960"Weighing in the American Kitchen" (article), 1247-

1251Base

makers, 2058, 3296material

alabaster, 683blue slag, 3297brass black-patinated, 453, 1294, 1320brass cut-work on walnut, 409, 530, 688, 936, 939-

940with Wedgwood plaques, 939

brass silver-plated, 1683buhl, 1220, 1232, 1273, 1287-1288, 1407cast-iron on ccd, 2063Connemara marble, 3299-3300coral, 3297, 3300coromandel wood, 1667

deer's hoof, 663floral design plates, 3297florentine green marble, 3300gilt brass with malachite, 957, 1225, 1287glass, 1262, 1632, 1634, 1649, 3297imitation-aventurine, 3300inlaid stone, 361, 940, 2057-2058, 3293-3305lapis-lazuili, 3300leather over wood, 939malachite, 3293-3297, 3299-3300, 3302marble, 940, 1223, 1469, 1514-1515, 1667, 1678,

1702, 1742, 2057-2058, 3293-3305mother-of-pearl, 663, 3300onyx, 1678, 1680ornate brass, 146, 366, 936, 940, 1260, 1520oval brass, 681, 936, 939-940, 944pottery, 939ram's horn, 190Russian malachite, 3295-3297, 3300-3304scrapwork, 3295, 3297, 3304, 3305shell, 3299silver, 1649silver snuffer tray, 1677silver with Limoges enamel, 939silver with stamp-box, 821slag glass, 3299-3300specialist mkrs, 2058stone, 3293-3305tortoiseshell, 1680tortoiseshell & brass, 1220, 1273, 1287-1288tortoiseshell & silver, 1407turquois, 3300wood, numerous referenceswooden bear, 663

stylepatchwork, 3296pictorial mosaics, 3297scrapwork, 3295

"Basic Library"article by Crawforth, 87article by Sturgess, 186-189article by Willard, 2083-2084, 2091-2096

Basic Scale component, 2146load receiver, 2146load sensor, 2146readout, 2146

Basic Scale components, on Egyptian balance, 2146Basingstoke, inspectors mark, 46Basis weight, 3077Basket of grapes, poise, 1288Bassingham, John

dates, 1731same address as Bassingham, Samuel, 1731

Bassingham, Robertbrother of Bassingham, William, 1731dates, 1731master of Shorey, Ebenezer, 1731same address as Bassingham, Samuel, 1731son of Bassingham, Samuel, 1731succeeded by Winsbury, John (wrongly aligned with

Bassingham, William), 1731Bassingham, Samuel

apprentice of Oxley, Henry, 1731dates, 1731employer of Bunn, John, 1731father of Bassingham, Robert, 1731father of Bassingham, William, 1731master of Brooks, William, 1731master of Bunn, John, 1731master of Turner, John Thomas, 1731same address as Bassingham, John, 1731same address as Bassingham, Robert, 1731

Bassingham, Williambrother of Bassingham, Robert, 1731erroneous record, not succeeded by Winsbury, John,

1731member of Drapers Co, 1727son of Bassingham, Samuel, 1731

Bastian's Die Münzwaage in der Hand des Sammlers (review), 619

Bastick, Richard(not Thomas) apprentice of Vandome, Richard, 1734apprentice of Bastick, Thomas, 1734dates, 1734succeeded by Bastick, Richard & Son, 1734successor of Bastick, Thomas & Son, 1734

Bastick, Richard & Sonapothecary sc mkr, 1734dates, 1734successor of Bastick, Richard, 1734

Bastick, Thomasdates, 1734master of Bastick, Richard, 1734partner of Driver, John Samuel, 1734

Bastick, Thomas & Sonsucceeded by Bastick, Richard, 1734successors of Bastick & Driver, 1734

Bastick & DriverBastick, Thomas & Driver, John Samuel, 1734dates, 1734succeeded by Bastick, Thomas & Son, 1734succeeded by Driver & Son, 1734yarn sc mkr, 1734

Batch weighing, 2214Bate, R B see Bate, Robert BrettellBate, Richard I

apprentice of Oven, Henry, 1736apprentice of Snart, John, 211coin sc mkr, 211, 212dates, 1736father of Bate, Richard II, 1736master of Turvey, William, 1736succeeded by Bate, Richard II, 1736

Bate, Richard IIdates, 1736partner of Sewell, George, 1736son of Bate, Richard I, 1736successor of Bate, Richard I, 1736

Bate, Robert Brettell, 2333, 2597Admiralty Charts of, 2251book on Bate (reviewed), 1786-1788bullion balance mkr, 2243-2245coin sc mkr, 1787collaborator with Cotton, William, 1723

dates, 1723, 2245inspectors sc mkr, 1791, 2081Mathematical Instrument to His Majesty's Board of

Excise, 2251mkr of Kater's design of wood beam, 2080, 2081, 2243-

2245New Imperial Standard, 2251-2252

price of, 2252sc refurbished by Ladd & Oertling, 2080Standard Measure mkr, 2251Standard weights mkr, 1786, 2250-2252successful manufacturer, 2245trade card, 2245, 2247working with Berge, Matthew, 1787working with DeGrave & Son, 1787working with Dring & Fage, 1787working with Field, John, 1787working with Holtzapffel & Co, 1787working with Kater, Henry, 1786-1787, 2243-2245working with Ladd, E W, 1787working with Landale & Tod, 2250-2252working with Long, Joseph, 1787working with Makins, G H, 2115working with Neill, Robert, 1787working with Oertling, Ludwig, 1787, 2115working with Potter, J D, 1787working with Robinson, Thomas Charles, 1787working with Sanders, Thomas, 1787working with Sikes, Bartholomew, 1787working with Simms, William, 1787working with Troughton, Edward, 1787working with Young & Son, 1787

Bate & Cocoin sc mkr, 1736dates, 1736moved to Birmingham, 1736successors of Bate & Sewell, 1736

Bate & SewellBate, Richard II & Sewell, George, 1736succeeded by Bate & Co, 1736

Bath, inspectors mark, 46Bather, George

apothecary sc mkr, 1738apprentice of Stanley, Nathaniel, 1738dates, 1738partner of Chisholme, James, 1738successor of Chisholme & Bather, 1738

Bathroom sc, 2803see also Person sc

Bathroom sc mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543, 554Batley mark, 2031Batz, Gary, biography, 2541, 3229Batz's

"Herbert Griesshaber's 1648 Cologne Langenbergh Scale & Box" (article), 2942-2944

"Jamestown at 400: Old World Coinweights in the New World" (article), 3211-3220

"Jan Van Coppenol, Emigrant to America" (article), 3220-3229

letter to editor, silver prover, 1141Light Coin Act, response, 1969"Presidential Coin Scales" (article), 2535-2541

Response to Review, Pommier's Poids Monétaires II, Poids pour monnaies non françaises (article), 2721-2726

reviewInventaire des poids, 1386-1387L'aventure du Metre, 1296-1297

baubler, Woodruff, Thomas, 3305baubler, 3298, 3300, 3303, 3305baublers, 3298, 3303, 3305baublers in Ashford, 3303baublers in Bakewell, 3303baublers in Buxton, 3303baublers in Castleton, 3303baublers in Derby, 3303baublers in Matlock, 3303Bausch & Lomb, trip sc mkr, 3095Bavarian Office of W & M, 642Bavarian wts see Weights, nationalityBaverstock, George

apprentice of Vaughton, Christopher, 1737dates, 1737

Bayley, Michaelon Bartholomew Lane, 3018date, 1727, 3019

Baylis, George Henryapprentice of Fage, William II, 1737dates, 1737at same address as Poupard, Charles, 1737successor of Fage, Elizabeth, 1737

Beach, Thomasapothecary sc mkr, 1508apprentice of French, Robert, 1501article by Crawforth, D, 1499-1513, 1539-1548, 1572-

1580beam sc mkr, 2314cheesemongers sc mkr, 1545coin sc mkr, 1508-1509, 1512contracting beam sc mkr, 1547dates, 1026family tree, 1506flour sc mkr, 1546great-uncle of Avery, Thomas, 1506great-uncle of Avery, William, 1506indenture, 1501inspectors sc mkr, 1508, 1553, 1575prices, 1539-1548steelyard mkr, 1026, 1504, 1508, 1512, 1543, 1565,

1572-1573successor of Barton, John, 3451successor of Barton, William Bridgins, 1505trade card, 1507, 1512trade sc mkr, 1508, 1539, 1574uncle of Balden, Joseph, 1506variations offered, 1547weights mkr, 577widow, 1579see also catalogue

Beaker, measuring, 797Beam

accelerating, 2603aluminium, 4, 5arrestment theory, 3

Baily's metal, 2080bifurcated, 1261, 2190brass, numerous referencesbrass alloy, 4bronze, 5, 115, 249, 281, 814-816, 1567-1569compensating poise for, 2822contracting, 1507copper beryllium, 5curved, 2479-2480, 2484-2485definition, 172design theory, 4displacement of, 2949double, 1479, 1528-1529, 1538, 1941-1942early style, 1351-1354, 1377, 1380equal-arm, 2575-2578five, 2200flexure, 230gauge, definition, 9gilded, 91, 138, 957glass, 1168gun-metal, 115, 2248, 2337-2338hand held, 2442hinged, 1326, 1567, 1724iron, 2357, 2395ivory, 1300, 1718-1719lacquered, 700lattice, 230, 247, 642, 2363

bankers, 1940early designs, 1215, 1745precision, 4, 157, 258, 287, 493, 563, 620, 642,

1215, 2363reasons for, 642, 1745trade, 7, 111, 137, 559

leaf-section, 205magnalium, 5mazac, 975, 977mediaeval, 1566, 1609-1613nickel/chromium, 5nickel-plated brass, 2318painted, 9, 136, 335, 957, 1205, 1539-1547, 1586,

1590, 1744, 2005with positive face line, 2950quartz, 750rectangular, 2381sao-Bakari, 321screwed-together rods, 589sets, 148short, 5, 589, 700, 790, 843slit, bismar, 1326slotted, 1277snake, postal sc, 345square section, 1040stable equilibrium, 2949steel, 2197-2198theory of, 2949-2951thickness, 5tin, 1787tubular, 1293, 1570twin, 2479, 2885in unstable equilibrium, 2950variable, 758vibrating, 2603

volute shaped, 2479wire, 1133, 1176wood, 591, 1851, 2081, 2243-2249, 2249-2250Zapon-coated, 700

Beam definition, 171Beam end

agate, 7, 1458definition, 171

Beam end shapes, 2572-2574agate-swan, 1452, 1454Antwerp, 254Berlin box, 149, 156box, 2, 5, 204, 225, 495, 1452, 1542, 1547, 2007bright ball, 1541, 1545, 2007Chinese, 175cusp box, 196double hole, 228, 599, 601, 2356, 2358-2359

flattened, 2395Dutch, 229, 472, 858, 860, 1097, 1456, 1540, 1547,

2006English early, 1351German swan neck, 62, 82, 507, 1789hole & cord, 249, 625, 1612, 2025hook, 1351horned double-hole, 2359-2360horned hole, 41inverted swan-neck, 256, 1189, 1211, 1464Japanese trumpet, 326lotus, 2176Nürnberg, 228, 254, 277, 305, 2414-2415open box, 42, 80, 284, 1419oval box, 1749Renaissance trumpet, 172, 173ring & hole, 224-225, 249, 281, 591, 1351, 1421, 1566-

1568, 1609-1612round end, 2005Sharkey, 7, 89, 111, 137, 412, 559, 1453, 1458, 1519,

2315Sharkey's patent, 111, 2315square, 1540, 2006square box, 805, 1976stirrup, 411, 477swan, 208, 214-215, 217, 2357, 2395-2396, 2414-2415swan box, 173, 437, 447swan heavy duty, 2006-2007trumpet, 579, 1351trumpet end, 579, 1351trumpet shaped, 2144variations, 173

Beam scdefinition, 172, 2679material

bone, 2679brass, 2679bronze, 2679electrum, 2679iron, 2679steel, 2679stone, 2679wood, 2679

monarch, Ramesses III, 2679U S A see steelyard

Beams, sao-Bakari, 321"Beams, Repairs & Inspectors" (article by Lound), 7-9Bean, egg wts mkr, 411Beardmore & Co, wts mkr, 896Beare, Steve, 3071

biography, 2294, 3074Beare's

"A Short-Lived Scale with a Long Story-The Anchor Postal Scale"(article), 3467-3472

"An American Patented Apothecary Scale" (article), 3134-3138

Aniline dye, note, 1862"Buckelew & Waterman-A Short Lived Philadelphia

Business", (article), 3113-3118"David McConnell Smyth-Inventive Genius"(article),

3428-3431"Fairbanks 175th Anniversary Celebration" (article),

3071-3073"New York Scalemakers 1836-1877" (article), 2293-

2294"The "Dove" Letter Balance Unmasked" (article),

3196-3200"The Variety Works Scale, an American Puzzle"

(article), 2884-2891Bearing

adjustment, 631agate, 3, 218, 256cone & cup, 657, 1853corundum, 3definition, 174deterioration rate, 3protected by collar, 1587tool steel, 2350

Bearman, Robert, biography, 2468Bearman's, "Sharp Practice" (article), 2464-2468Becker

analytical bal, 5articles on, Meten & Wegen (pp. 1876-1884, 1916-

1920, 1943-1946), 2183assay bal mkr, 2498Delft, dates, 2184see also Becker, Julian H; Julian H Becker

Becker see George & Becker LtdBecker, C, use of air-damping, 2183Becker, Christian

American patentee, 1002American sc mkr, 998, 1002article by Carley, 996-1003assay wt mkr, 2530dates, 998, 1002father of Becker, Christopher A, 1000father of Becker, Frank, 1000partner in Becker & Sons, 1002partner in Becker Brothers, 1000, 1002precision bal mkr, 702, 844son of Becker, Christopher, 1000succeeded by Torsion Balance Co, 1002successor of Becker Brothers, 1002

Becker, Christian IncAmerican sc mkr, 998, 1002dates, 998succeeded by Vertex Industries, 1000

successors of Torsion Balance Co, 998Becker, Christopher

American sc mkr, 1000, 1002, 3268dates, 477, 1000, 1002father of Becker, Christian, 1000father of Becker, Ernest, 1000father of Becker, Henry, 1000father of Becker, Jule, 1000Netherlands, 477partner in Becker & Sons, 1002precision bal mkr, 620, 702roberval scale maker, 3404

with European stays, 3404scientific instrument mkr, 1000separated from sons, 1002

Becker, Christopher A, 1000patentee of Chainomatic, 1002precision bal mkr, 620son of Becker, Christian, 1000

Becker, Ernestpartner in Becker & Sons, 1002partner in Becker Brothers, 1002son of Becker, Christopher, 1000

Becker, F E & Coassay bal mkr, 281bullion bal mkr, 281chemical bal mkr, 281precision bal mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Becker, Frank, 1000son of Becker, Christian, 1000

Becker, H L FilsBelgian sc mkr, 1002family, 1000run by Becker, Henry, 1000run by Becker Henry, 1000

Becker, Henrypart owner of Becker, H L Fils, 1000partner in Becker's Sons, 1002son of Becker, Christopher, 1000

Becker, Julepart owner of Becker, H L Fils, 1002partner in Becker's Sons, 1000son of Becker, Christopher, 1000

Becker, Julian Hadvertisement, 2164dates, 2183-2184quadrant balance, 2164-2165, 2183-2184

with three dashpots, 2164-2165, 2183-2184Becker & Buddingh

making pendulum postal scales, 3267making phanzeder-pfitzer balance, 3268suppling scales to Dutch Post, 3267-3268working in Arnhem, 3267-3268

Becker & SonsAmerican sc mkr, 995, 1002, 3404bank sc mkr, 995, 3404counter sc mkr, 995dates, 1002Netherlands sc mkr, 1002Old Advert, 995partners Becker, Christopher, Becker, Christian &

Becker, Ernest, 1002precision bal mkr, 995, 1002shop sc mkr, 995

Becker BrothersAmerican sc mkr, 1002dates, 1000, 1002partners Becker, Christian & Becker, Ernest, 1002succeeded by Becker, Christian, 1002

Becker's Sonsair-damping-dates, 2183-2184analytical bal mkr, 843-844, 2598, 2607apothecary sc mkr, 477, 3268assay wt mkr, 2530Becker, Jule & Becker, Henry sons of Becker,

Christopher, 844dates, 844, 1002drugstore sc mkr, 477family history, 477family tree, 1000microbalance mkr, 843Netherlands sc mkr, 477, 837, 843, 1002optical projection sc mkr, 837partners Becker, Jule & Becker, Henry, 1002postal scale mkr, 3268precision bal mkr, 837, 843succeeded by Hollandische Optiek Fabriek (system

Hensoldt) N V, 844see also catalogue

Becket (author), 277Beckman, O, patentee, 624Bedell, O W

American sc mkr, 1284, 1314, 3056-3059, 3141-3142egg sc mkr, 1284, 1314, 3056-3059, 3141-3142see also Zenith

Bedell, Orlando W, 3056-3057, 3081-3084, 3118-3123beekeeper, 3056-3057fly rod mkr, 3056Zenith Egg scale mkr, 3056-3059, 3081-3084, 3118-

3123Bedford Museum, spring bal, 1888Bedfordshire, inspectors mark, 46Beehive sc, spring, 1669-1670Beek's

"Response to Bussey Questions" (article), 2130"Salter in Berlin" (article), 1438-1440

Beer measureAmerican, 1139Bristol-ware, 1159German manufacture, 1159glass with copper band, 1187hogshead, 1160mocha-ware, 1159scratch-blue, 1159Staffordshire manufacture, 1159transfer-printed pot, 1187

Beer measure mkr, Gaskell & Chambers Ltd, 1187Beesley, H, yarn bal patentee, 1176Beeton, Isabella (author), 769"Beginner's Guide Part 1" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins),

2571-2578"Beginner's Guide Part 2" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins),

2599-2606, 2672

"Beginner's Guide Part 3" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 2655-2662






Behrens & Co, US postal mkr, 3045, 3242-3243Behrens,Henry J, 3045, 3242-3243Bel August & Co

precision bal mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Belcher see Standley, Belcher & MasonBelgian law on rust-free wts, 280Belgian sc

coin sc, 233-234, 1295crane weigher, 1906mkr

Becker, 478, 1002Becker, H L Fils, 1002Jaspar & Taurines, 1906Melot & Putzeys, 1293-1294Merlin, John Joseph, 694, 887, 1685, 1724, 1760Wolschott, J F, 233-234, 254, 1295

Bell, with candlestick, 406Bell, George

folding gold bal mkr, 1625son of Bell, Hamlet, 1625

Bell, Hamletdates, 1625-1626father of Bell, George, 1625Folder Maker (article), 1625-1626folders delivered by Stubs, Peter, 1626folding gold bal mkr, 200, 503, 1624-1626, 1828, 1999

article, 1625-1626folding gold bal retailer, 1626folding gold bal with compound wts, 1999gold bal, 200, 502, 504lozenge-shaped wt for 7 s, 1624making folders for Whitley, John, 1626retailing folders by Houghton, T, 1626retailing folders by Wilkinson, A, 1626wts mkr, 200, 502, 503

Bell, Hamlet & Cocoin wt mkr, 503folding gold bal mkr, 1828

Bell, Henryfolding gold bal retailer, 628retailer, 628

Bell wts see weight, shapeBelmont, bathroom sc, 554Ben, John

apprentice of Townsend, Richard, 1735-1736dates, 1733master of Hurley, Jonathan, 1733master of Phillips, Walter, 1736at sea, 1785

Bench drill, inspectors,' 120Bench sc

definition, 174see also Counter sc

Bendall, Simon, author, 2579-2581Bendemaecker, Willem, weights mkr, 1606Benetfink & Co, ccd patentee, 1180Bengal ruttee wt see Weights, nationality, BengaliBennet, Thomas Moseley, ironmonger, 2006Bennett, stand mkr, 1787Bennett, Thomas Moseley, trade sc mkr, 2006, 2014Bennett, William

apprentice of Freeman, Samuel I, 1734dates, 1734

Bensinger, J M, weigh scoop patentee, 492Bent lever sc see pendulum scBenton (author), 134, 435, 545, 728Benton's, "Arrow Scales & Weights" (article), 869-870Bentwood measure see dry measureBéranger

description of roberval sc, 2483-2484evolution of roberval sc, 2483-2484, 3268linkage on roberval sc, 2482roberval sc mkr, 2487, 2601verification of roberval sc, 2483-2484

"Béranger" (article by Heitzler), 2479-2488Béranger, Joseph

animal sc mkr, 1664article by Crawforth, D, 1663-1664barge sc mkr, 1664béranger designer, 1664, 1742, 1791, 2481, 2601-2602,

3028bought Decrand, 1664bought Turpin-Bremal, 1664brackets for roberval sc, 2479coin operated sc patentee, 2451cross-brace for roberval sc, 2480dates, 1663decimal sc inventor, 1664father-in-law of Catenot, 1664father of Catenot, Widow, 1664foreman at Turpins, 1663La Lyonnaise mkr, 2482leg & stay mechanism, 2488, 2515mark of, 2479-2482roberval sc mkr, 1664, 2181, 2479-2488, 2601star crowned, 1663steelyard mkr, 1664steelyard patentee, 1664steelyard platform sc mkr, 2481succeeded by Catenot, 1664weighbridge mkr, 1664

Béranger, Joseph & Maag, patentee, 1664Béranger & Cie

coin operated sc mkr, 2451counter sc mkr, 784, 1642, 2479-2488dates, 1663French sc mkr, 784, 1642, 1662-1663, 2479-2488French wts mkr, 1664roberval sc mkr, 2479-2488succeeded by Catenot-Béranger, 1664weighbridge mkr, 1664

wts mkr, 1664Béranger & Maag

French sc mkr, 1664steelyard patentee, 1664

Béranger designer, Béranger, Joseph, 1664, 1742, 1791, 2602

Béranger et Maag, centesimal sc mkr, 1664Béranger patentee, Béranger, Joseph, 2602Béranger principle, 1641, 3268Béranger sc

apothecary, 929baby, 1294Belgian, 2438bird beak indicator on, 2438British, 2439bullion, 1939butter, 1198cast iron, 2439Continental, 2441counter, 485-486, 647, 1198, 1646-1647, 1742, 2216,

2320, 2322, 2438-2441definition, 174double beam, 2438-2439druggists, 2051encased stays, 1646, 1742exposed stays, 1646French pattern, 1643German, 2439half linkage on, 2440Imperium, 1647knife edge on, 2439-2440linkage on, 2440marks

intertwined HF, 2440intertwined TW, 2440KFS, 2440

mkrAvery, W & T, 1646Avery, W & T Ltd, 289, 1647Barmer Waagenfabrik, 2440Béranger & Cie, 784, 1664Bizer, Andreas, 2440C W, 647Disquè, David, 2441Hauth, Ernst, 2440Herbert & Sons, 1198, 1742Hizar, Terazzi, 485Kuhn, Freres Saone, 2440L Roche, 2441M, 911Melot & Putzeys, 1293Pentru Bucatarie, 2440Reiss, C, 2441Steinfeldt & Blasberg, 530, 1641Testut, Charles, 2643-2644Troemner, Henry, 811, 1643, 1939-1940

originally called a pendulous sc, 1664shop, 289, 485, 530, 647, 784, 811, 911, 1641, 1742,

2438-2441single beamed, 2439

Berastegui's"Chick Pea Scales" (article), 420-421

"Spanish Patent of 1860" (article), 307Berg, Dukedom, 26-31, 61-65, 112, 114Berg, Johann Daniel vom

coin sc mkr, 28, 30, 63dates, 63German sc mkr, 30, 63

Berge, Matthewscientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Bergman & SlackBergman, Edward Frederick & Slack, John Ruggles,

1931British patentees, 1932patentee, 1932

Berkel, 3255bought by GEC, 3255bought by GEC & combined with Avery, 3255tie pin, 3516working for, 3438-3439see also catalogue

Berkel, Maatschappij, Van Berkel's Patent N V, 959Berkel G m b H, 959Berkeley, egg sc mkr see egg sc, mkr, EggXactBerkeley, Ralph, sc mkr & inspector, 43Berkshire mark (stag under tree), 1956Berlin box end, definition, 172Berlin box end see beam end shapesBermejo's painting, Saint Michael, 745Bernard, egg sc, mkr, 384, 924Bernes, John, coin wt mkr, 951Berning, author, 2392Berning, B & J's, "Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1"

(article), 2131-2140Berning, Bill

biography, 2140, 2432see also Berning, William F

Berning, Bill & Jan, 2500Berning, Jan, 2833, 2861-2865, 2885, 3147-3148, 3239,

3244biography, 2140

Berning, William, 2423, 2432Berning, William F

biography, 2432see also Berning, Bill

Berning,B's, "Michigan Coin Operated Scales"(article), 3259-3260

Berning,J's"Accessing U.S. Patents" (article), 2883"Andrew Turnbull Scales"(article), 3382-3392"Arc Scale Co, etc" (article), 2861-2865"Bowman's Pendulum Postals" (article), 3337-3341"Carters Standard" (article), 2607-2610, 3244"Gaston's Scale Works" (article), 2978-2984"Gibson Parcel Post Scale" (article), 2914-2918"John H Nolan Scales" (article), 3165-3171"Shaler's Spring Balance" (article), 2647-2649"The Chicago Scale Company"(article), 3455-3460"Why Weigh Solder?" (article), 2525-2529

Bernstein, Aaron David, 2275alias Rebenstein, 1948biography, 1948-1949ccd mkr, 2063

dates, 1948father of Bernstein, Alexander, 1947, 2275inventor of coin sorter, 1947, 2275, 2287patentee, 1950, 2287

Bernstein, Alexbiography, 2273-2279brother of Johanna, 2275brother of Julius, 2275engineer, 2275-2277father of Dr. Arnold, 2277gold-coin tester, 2278, 2287-2292

directions for use, 2278, 2291table model, 2289-2291

pointer plate on, 2291patentee, 1950, 2272-2279, 2287-2292

French, 2288son of Bernstein, Aaron, 1947, 2275

Bernstein, Alex & Coapparatus for sorting coins, 1947-1955ccd mkr, 66, 842, 1179, 2272-2279, 2287-2292dates, 1949, 2272-2278German sc mkr, 1179, 2272-2278, 2287-2292owned by Bierstedt, Eugen, 1954, 2275patentee, 842, 2272-2279, 2287-2292sc retailed by Ravene, Jacob Sohne & Co, 1954

Bernstein, Alexanderson of Bernstein, Aaron, 1947see also Bernstein, Alex

Bernstein, Alexis see Bernstein, Alex"Bernstein's, Apparatus for sorting Coins" (article by

Lindner), 1947-1955Berquist, P J, weigh scoop patentee, 492Berrian, patentee, 754Berrian Mfg Co

ccd, 840, 1034, 2269awarded Medals of Excellence, 2270-2271letter clip for, 2269-2271

use of, 2270-2271letter sc mkr, 848, 2269-2271

Berrimanauthor, 2024metrologist, 2143

Berriman's, Historical Metrology (review), 186Berry, coin wts mkr, 1508Berry, Miles, patent agent of Fairbanks, E & T design, 724Berstein, Alex

firm of, 2273-2279dates, 2273-2279

partner of Nathan, Alex, 2273-2279patents of, 2273

Bertin, E, precision bal mkr, 1791Berwick, 1928

inspectors mark, 46Berzelius, J J, chemist, 564Besnard, C-spring mkr, 1874Bessey, Age of Avery scale (query), 2334Beth-Sheʾan, Israel see Nisa-Scythopolis, IsraelBetjemann, G W, patentee, 456Betterway Egg sc, 378, 379Bevin, Ernest, 3031Bevin Boys, 3031-3032Bevis, I L, weigh scoop patentee, 2924

Bevis & ClaytonBevis R R & Clayton M G, 1933British patentees, 1933

Bévringerbéranger sc by Troemner, Henry, 1643see also béranger

"Beware of Fake Nesting Weights" (article by Lockner, translated by Schmidt), 251-253

Bewdley mark (anchor conjoined with crown mark), 1959Bex, postal sc mkr, 479Beyreis'

"Sandy Harris, Scale Inventor"(article), 3110-3112"Treasures from the Mall" (article), 3393-3394"W & L E Gurley Troy, NY" (article), 2964-2966

Beyreis'"Losing a Few Pounds"(article), 3418-3419Biber,Ulrich, biography, 3454Biber's, "St Eligius in his Ggoldsmith Shop"(article), 3453-

3454The Bible, 3147Bibliography of Weighing Instruments, Soslau, Judy &

Eric, ISASC (1995), 2091Bibliotheque Nationale

collection of coin-wts, 1794written up by Dieudonne, coin wts, 87, 498, 879, 881,

1562, 1607, 1796, 1879Bicknell see Imlay & BicknellBicycle sc

mkr, Salter, Geo & Co, 518spring, 518

Biddle Hardware Co, see also catalogueBierstedt, Eugen

ccd mkr, 1179German sc mkr, 1179owner of Bernstein, Alex & Co, 1954successor to Bernstein, Alex, 2274successor to Nathan, Alex, 2274

Bifurcatedbeam, 2190ends, 2322pillar, 2217-2218

Big head scale, 2457-2461Biggs, author, 1796Biggs'

"English Coin Weights" (article), 879-888, 913-919, 951-954, 984-988, 1010-1016, 1040-1046, 1060-1066, 1079-1086, 1125-1132, 2579

"English Weight-Systems in 14th Century new Interpretation 1990" (private paper), 1998

English Weights (review), 1661-1662Local Verification Marks (articles), 1891-1896, 1924-

1930, 1955-1961, 1977-1983, 2031-2037Mediaeval Nesting Wts (reply), 1797Review Article (British Coin-Weights by Withers),

1793"The Irish Apothecary Standard"(article), 3437-3438"Thomas Parker's Inch Weights"(article), 3506-3507

Biggs, Norman, biography, 2444Biggs, Professor, Response on 14th Century Weights

Systems, 2107Biggs & Vangroenweghe's "Unusual 1640s Coin Scale"

(article), 1549-1552Biggs & Withers' "Excelente Coin-weight" (article), 2443-

2444Biggs' Weights& Measures of Scotland (review), 3043-

3045Bilateral, DL letter scales, markings on, 3190-3195Bilateral patent

Austrian, 3324German, 3324Hungarian, 3324

Bilateral patent application dates, 3193, 3323-3325Bilateral patent dates, 3193, 3323-3325Bilateral patent granting dates, 3193, 3323-3325Bilateral patent publication dates, 3193, 3323-3325Bilateral pendulum

patent, 1629-1630, 1632-1634, 3190-3195, 3323-3324sc see pendulum sc

Bilateral postal sc, mkr, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 361, 1627-1636

Bilateral postal scale, porcelain base on, 3181-3182Bilateral sc patentee

Balduin Heller's Sohne, 3323Heller,Julius, 3325Maul, P J, 3323

Bilateral scale, 3190-3195, 3323-3325capacity

350 grams, 3323-3325500 grams, 3323-33251000 grams, 3323-3325

dates of, 3190-3195, 3323-3325designs of, 3190-3195, 3323-3325history, 3190-3195sizes, 3323-3325variations, 3190-3195, 3323-3325

Billings, John, brother of Billings, R, 2474Billings, R, coin sc retailer, 12, 356-360, 2472, 2474Bimetallism, 881, 985, 1898, 2068Binary division, 1993Binding Book of Blacksmiths,' 2254Bingham, agent for Fairbanks, 2329Bingley, Master of Mint, 391Binns' Paktong, N & Q 128, answer, 1972Biographic Index of American Science, Elliot (1979), 2091Birch, George

apprentice of Wenborn, Robert, 1739dates, 1739succeeded by Herbert, Thomas & Sons, 1736

"Birds of a Feather" (article by Katz), 2556-2560Birks, J, weigh scoop patentee, 2924Birmingham, inspectors mark, 21, 24, 46, 1978, 2031Birmingham Assay Office, 23-24, 45, 498-500, 1471,

1473-1474, 1494-1496mark on wts, 45, 498stamping wts, 23-24, 1082

Birmingham style, folding gold bal, 200Bischoff

German postal scale patentee, 3463-3466patent drawing, 3463pendulum postal scale, 3463-3466

boxed, 3464-3466description, 3463-3466poises, 3464-3466

Bishop marks, 2387"Bismar"

article by Carley, 823-824article by Crawforth, 1026-1035article by Knights, 1240-1244

Bismarbanned, 1327, 2714coin, 236, 321, 992, 1303, 2712-2713compendium, 1031counterpoise on, 2145definition, 175, 1030, 1035, 1075ease of use, 1369hay fork, 669kitchen, 765, 773, 823, 1031, 2714letter opener, 1408, 2714martini, 1030, 2715multi-pivot, 400nationality

American, 992, 1030-1031Bermese, 2713British, 16, 236, 479, 568, 773, 944-946, 1030-

1031, 1220, 1231, 1303, 1999, 2498, 2701-2702, 2929-2930, 2936-2940

Danish, 1031, 1264, 2177-2179, 2713Finnish, 1240-1244German, 2713Indian, 2712Indian Ocean, 1244Persian, 2712Peruvian, 2909-2911Roman, 823, 2713, 2911Russian, 2712Scottish, 2714

postal, 2, 16, 19, 236, 397, 400, 428, 454, 479, 568, 679-680, 704-708, 817, 944, 1030-1031, 1220, 1231, 1264, 1359-1360, 1408, 2701-2702, 2714, 2936-2940

registered design, 1220, 2701-2702saddled, 2498shelf edge, 2701-2702, 2715slit beam, 1326trade, 823, 1030, 1241wooden sc, 1030, 1241-1242zoge bakari, 321

Bismar, 2712Bismar mkr

Bex, 479Bradford, Darby & Hulls, 1303Farthing, J, 1231Greaves, 236, 1031Greaves, Edward, 16, 2701-2702Greaves, John & Son, 16, 946, 2701-2702Hartley, 773, 1031Hooper, H, 1220, 2701-2702Linex, 1031, 1264, 2714Lund, W, 1231Maasstrone Mfg Co., 2714Mordan, S & Co, 944, 946Oetker, Dr., 2713Orr, P & Sons, 1999S T S see bismar mkr, Turner, Samuel SeniorSilvester & Co, 1220Smith, A, 2714Thornhill, 1231, 2701-2702

Turner, Samuel Senior, 568, 1030, 2936-2940Bismar patentee

Hotson, J H, 708Hulls & Bradford, 1303Juris, F, 705Mahloy, C, 679Richardson, G L, 668-669Riess, R W, 992Rulke, C, 708Rys, V, 679-680Schnechenberg, E, 704Slotosch, M, 680Smith, A, 2714Suffield, S W, 1030Weerasinghe & Banks, 704Wertheim, P, 705

Bismar retailerFarthing, John, 1231Perry & Co, 1359-1360

Bizer, Andreas, béranger mkr, 2440Bizerba, tie pin, 3516Black, Dr Joseph, scientist, 236, 238, 564Black, Starr & Frost

American sc retailer, 1668pendulum sc retailer, 1668

Black-leading, 614Blackburn, Isaac

son of Blackburn, John I, 1734successor of Blackburn, John, 1734

Blackburn, Jamesapprentice of Blackburn, John I, 1742employed by Blackburn, John I?, 1742son of Blackburn, John I, 1734

Blackburn, John Iapprentice of Moffett, Elizabeth, 1585apprentice of Moffett, James, 1585business alone, 1585coin sc mkr, 248, 1398dates, 1727employer of Blackburn, James?, 1742employer of Blackburn, William?, 1742father of Blackburn, Isaac, 1734father of Blackburn, James, 1734master of Blackburn, James, 1742master of Blackburn, John II, 1585master of Blackburn, William, 1742master of Christ's Hospital boys, 1747member of Haberdashers Co, 1727partner in Moffett & Blackburn, 1585partner of Moffett, Elizabeth, 1734partner of Vandome, Richard, 1734successor of Moffett & Blackburn, 1734uncle of Blackburn, William, 1742

Blackburn, John IIapprentice of Blackburn, John, 1585succeeded by Blackburn, Isaac, 1734

Blackburn, Williamapprentice of Blackburn, John I, 1742employed by Blackburn, John I?, 1742nephew of Blackburn, John I, 1742

Blackburn mark, 1957Blackhart, J W, patentee, 668, 671

Blacklock, C W & Hynes, M, patentee, 565-566, 622Blackman, Solomon

coin sc mkr, 1735dates, 1734-1735master of Sawgood, John, 1735master of Woodage, George Cave, 1735sc mkr, 3086-3087succeeded by Badcock, William Geagle, 1734-1735

Blacksmith's Co, wanted Sommers, Joseph II as member, 1742

Blacksmith's Livery Cocoat of arms, 1355-1356, 1381grants, 1740, 1747Guild, 16, 208-210, 239, 248, 1069-1074, 1140, 1355,

1388, 1395members, 1583, 1724records, 248records missing, 1381

Blade, definition, 171, 175Blades, John

same address as Blades, Tristram, 1730sc mkr, 1730

Blades, Tristramapprentice of Goodman, John, 1729apprentice of Gray, Francis, 1730coin sc mkr, 1730same address as Blades, John, 1730

Blan pain bread, 1052Blancke weights, wts for least current wt, 1010Blattner, Jacob

advert, 2552assay bal, 1976dates, 1976sc mkr, 2552scientific instrument mkr, 1976succeeded by Blattner & Adams, 1976

Blattner & Adams, successors of Blattner, Jacob, 1976Blauvelt, Jay, & Blauven, coin operated scale, 2426Bleuler, John

dates, 1727grain sc mkr, 1727scientific instrument mkr, 1727

Blews, W & Sons, design registration, 1086Blews, William

ccd mkr, 1508dates, 1508wts mkr, 1508

Blews, William & Sonscandlestick sc mkr, 3127retailer for Winfield, 3127wts mkr, 1086

Blombach, C, C-spring mkr, 1874Blondeau, Pierre, machinery inventor, 461Blowpipe bal, 2623-2627

description, 2624-2625Göttleib, Kern & Sohn, mkr, 2624-2625Göttling, J F A, 2623Griffin, J & Son, agent, 2625how to recognize, 2627Letcher & Sons, mkr, 2625Lingke, William Friedreich, mkr, 2624Newton, E T, mkr, 2625

Plattner, Freiberg apparatus mkr, 2625-2626Plattner, Karl Friedreich, mkr, 2624Pxii Co, mkr, 2625set, 2627supplier

Bullock & Crenshaw, 2627Denver Fire Clay Co, 2627Eimer & Amend, 2627Henry Heil Chemical Co., 2627John Taylor & Co., 2627Justinian Caire, 2627Mine Smelter & Supply Co, 2627

"Blowpipe-Set Balances" (article by Shannon, Shannon & Burchard), 2623-2627

Blumbach, F, Russian Central W & M Dept, 2078-2082Board of Trade, 23, 67, 74, 85, 90, 92, 116, 486, 543, 633-

634, 734-735, 2209-2210, 2220-2221, 2438, 2801diamond mark, 1218examination, 1423-1425Model Regulations, 1424, 2031notice, 2220packaged goods regs, 1188Parallel W & M Regs (1908), 1090registered design system, 1218regulations for iron wts, 614-616Report 1882, 24stamping wts underneath, 2031Standards Department, 1128, 1187, 2076-2083successor of Exchequer, dates, 2076system of numbers for W & M authorities, 1977Trade mark system, 1218

Board of Trade Notices1905, 808, 22091913, 1835

comment on Union sc, 1835-18381914, 22091927, 2209

Board of Trade Regs1826, 584, 6161864, 614, 6341878, 584, 587, 614, 734-735, 18351889, 22, 43-44, 85, 386, 1459, 18351890, 584, 614, 616, 636, 640, 18391895, 115, 1181897, 115, 6141907, 67, 85, 386, 614-616, 634-636, 713, 1090-1094,

1158, 1424, 1647, 1835, 1838Board of Trade Report

1872, 1358-13591882, 24, 90, 1977

Board of Trade standards, 90board scale

platform type, 3270with damper, 3270

Boar's headmark (Bradford), 1957mark on wts, 46

Boars heads, in shield (Grimsby mark), 1977Bob-up sc, 693Bodall, Tom, Jamesburg, NY Borough Historian, 3117Bodmer, R, yarn bal patentee, 1176Boe-Paupier à Paris, C-spring mkr, 1874

Böelle, à St ChristophC-spring mkr, 1865, 1874date, 1876

Böelle, MC-spring mkr, 432, 435, 1874dates, 1876

Böelle & Breard, C-spring mkr, 1874Bohmer (author), 114Boîts de changeur, 2516Boker, Henry, C-spring mkr, 435, 1874Boker, Henry & Co, C-spring mkr, 435, 1874Bondeli, Johann Emanuel

platform sc inventor, 721weighbridge mkr, 721

Bonneville, H A, patent agent, 455Boogaard, biography, 2325Boogaard & Doniger's, "French Patent Postals" (article),

1535-1537Boogaard's

"1001 Variations" (article), 291-298"Authenticity" (article), 683-691death, 2086"Drugstore Scales" (article), 477-478, 3268"Fancy Postal Scales" (article), 662-663, 3281"Indian Weights" (article), 2323-2325"Rare Wilkinson balance" (article), 627-629"Trip to Malta" (article), 864-868Troy/avoirdupois nesting wts (query), 1358-1359

Book, usefulThe Bible, 3147The Book of the Dead Egyptian, 2176, 2268Abell's Skilful Housewife's Book (1846), 1251Abridged British Patent Specifications 1840-1899,

1839Act of Common Council of City of London (1617), 24Adam's The Gem of the Park (1938), 3305Agricola's De Re Metallica (1556), 665Airy's Papers relating to the Restoration of the

Standards of W & M (1841), 1961, 3507Airy's Weighing Machines (1892), 134Alberti's Mass und Gewicht (1957), 332Alexander's Report of the Standards of W & M for the

State of Maryland (1845), 1140, 1858Alexander's Universal Dictionary of W & M (1867),

2319Alphandèry's Dictionnaire des Inventeurs Français

(1962), 2172American Antiquarian Society's Diaries of John Hull

Mintmaster & Treasurer of Colony Massachusetts (1857), 749

American Weigh (1984), 717, 2433Anderson et al's Handlist of Scientific Instrument-

makers Trade Catalogues 1600-1914 (1990), 1846

Andreas' History of Chicago:from the earliest period to the present time, (1886), 3460

Andrews' Colonial Period of American History (1934), 1858

Aquinas' Summa Theologiae, Secunda Secundae, 2219Arbuthnot's Tables of Ancient Coins (1727), 2093Arnould & Massing's Splendours of Flanders (1993),

1998

Ascham's Toxophilus (1545), 870Atkinson's History of Newark,NJ, 3200Avery's

Glossary of Terms used in the Scale Trade1912, 20921950, 169

Glossary of Terms used in the Scale Trade, 2nd edition (1964), 2156

Babbitt's, Transactions of the WI State Agricultural Society (1885), 3460

Bache's Salter Story of a Family Firm (1960), 187, 545Badcock's Touchstone for Gold & Silver Wares (1677),

1785Balog's Ummayad Abbasid & Tulunid Glass Wts

(1976), 310Banwell's Machine Shop Practice (1940), 2525-2529Barker's Pictorial History of American Scales 1850-

1950, 2375, 2390, 2525-2529Barry's Errors in Practicle Measurement in Science,

Engineering, & Technology (1978), 2268Beare's Directory of 19th Century American Scale

Makers(in Progress), 3138, 3200Beckert's Care & Use of Analytical Balances, 2259Becket's Use of the Hydrostatical Balance (1775), 277Beeson's Clockmaking in Oxfordshire (1989), 2388,

2390Bell & Redwood's Historical Scetch of the Progress of

Pharmacy in Great Britain (1880), 3438Benjamin's Sciences & Sensibility: Gender & Scientific

Enquiry 1780-1945, 2012Berning's Scales, A Collector's Guide (1999), 2392,

2433, 2647, 3138, 3275, 3278, 3281, 3317, 3504

Bernstein'sDie Milch (1904), 2277, 2279Erinnerungen an das elterliche Haus (1913), 2275,

2279Naturwissenschaftliche Volksbuecher (1899), 1949Von 1850 bis 1875 Kindheit und Jugendjahre

(1926), 1955Zum hundertjahrigen Geburtstag Eures

Grossvaters A Bernstein (n.d.), 1955, 2275, 2279

Bernstein's Die Electrische Beleuchtung (1880), 2276, 2279

Berriman's Historical Metrology (1953), 2024, 2093Bibliography of Weighing Instruments by Soslau, Judy

& Eric, ISASC (1995), 2091Biètry's Dictionary of Weighing Terms (1983), 2156,

2190Biggs'

Antique Weights, The Nineteenth Century (1998), 2243, 2252, 3509, 3512

Apothecary Weights An Outline Catalogue (1994), 2056, 2112, 3438

Bullion Weights (1995), 2256, 2445English Weights (1992), 1788, 1998Lead Weights - The David Rogers Collection

(2000), 3206Verification Marks on Weights (1996), 2112, 2331

Biographic Index of American Science (Elliot; 1979), 2091

Board of Trade Notices Annotated (1913), 1835Board of Trade Regulations (1907), 1838Boaz's Robert Boyle & 17th Century Chemistry (ND),

2735Bohmer's Die Goldwaage in der Marker (1954), 114Bonner's New York The World's Metropolis (1924),

2553Book of Detroiters (1914), 3254Borgert's Elefant auf der Briefwaage (1979), 3274Borzone's

I Pesi Monetari di Monete Italiane (1988), 2361I Pesi Monetari di Monete non Italiane (1988),

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(1989), 2387, 2553, 3438Venema's Repair & Verification of Iron & Brass wts

(1862), 65Venturi's Essai sur les ouvrages de Leonard de Vinci

(1797), 610Vieweg's Kulturgeschichte der Waage (1967), 749Voorsanger's Art and the Empire City (2000), 2553W & M Inspectors and Inspection Model Regulations

(1890), 1983Wade's Scales & Weighing (1924), 169Wailes's English Windmills (? date), 1120Watts' Corn Milling (1983), 3443Weaver's A Standard History of Elkhart County

Indiana(1916), 2140Webb's

English Local Government- The Parish and the County (1906), 1895-1896, 1930

London Apprentices vol 21 Founders' Co 1643-1800 (1998), 2355

London Apprentices vol 22 Armourers' & Braziers'Co 1640-1800 (1998), 2355

Weigel's Illustrations of the Useful Professions (1698), 304, 305, 1465

Westropp's Notes on Irish Money Weights & Foreign Coins Current in Ireland (1918), 1608, 1846, 1881

White's A Century of Inventions for the American Home (1955), 3386, 3392

White's National Cyclopedia of American Biography,Vol 7 (1897), 3431

Wickersham's A History ofEducation in Pennsylvania (1886), 3431

Williams'A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists (1969),

2172Annals of Founders Co (1867), 1563

Wilson & Reader's Men & Machines (1958), 105Wilson's

New York Commercial Register (1859+), 2553Proposed Adjustment of W & M for

Pharmacopoeia (1859), 808, 826-830Winchester's Tudor Family Portrait (1955), 986Withers' British Coin Weights (1994), 1778, 1846,

2072, 2256, 2401, 2445, 2517, 2548, 2555, 2579, 3220

Witte's Deneraux et Leurs Ajusteurs aux Pays-Bas Méridionaux (1899), 65, 2867

Wittop-Koning & Houben's 2000 jaar gewichten in de Nederlands (1980), 1898-1899, 2400, 2555, 3220

Wood's Pasadena,California,Historical and Personal (1917), 3431

Woolhouse's W & M of all Nations (1854), 1121, 1608, 2094

Yale's Ingenious and Enterprising Mechanic (1997), 2194-2196, 2285, 2286, 2329

Yeoman's Guidebook of United States Coins (1996), 2065

Zavattoni's Bilance e Strumenti per Pesare le Monete (2004), 2873-2874, 2891-2894

Zevenboom & Wittop-Koning's Nederlanse Gewichten (1970), 87

Zupko'sDictionary of W & M for the British Isles (1985),

1358, 1705Italian W & M: The later Middle Ages to the 19th

C. (1981), 2523-2524see also auction catalogue; Board of Trade notices;

Board of Trade Report; catalogue; journal, useful, ; Livery Co., Records; museum catalogues; newspaper; report; trade directories

Book-binders punch marks, 1353-1357, 1382, 1549-1552Book reviews

2000 Jaar Gewichten in de Nederlanden, Wittop-Koning & Houben (1980), 355

A Compilation of Canadian Manufacturers & Distributors of Sc & Weighing Mach, Traquair (2001), 2636

Akan Weights and the Gold Trade, Garrard (1980), 2024

Alte Tecknik auction (1992), 1608American Weigh, Taft Museum (1984), 717Anatolian Weights & Measures (2003), 2838-2839Apothecaries Weights-an outline catalogue, Biggs

(1994), 2112Avery's Glossary of Terms used in the Sc Trade, 2nd

edition (1964), 2156Balances & Weights catalogue of Whipple Museum,

Brown (1982), 593Balanciers Etalonneurs leurs Marques leurs Poincons,

Lavagne (1981), 556Biètry's Dictionary of Weighing Terms (1983), 2156Bilance e Strumenti per Pesare le Monete Zavattoni

(2004), 2873-2874, 2891-2894British Coin-Weights, Withers (1993), 1793-1796British Weights & Measures, Zupko (1977), 188Bullion Weights, an outline catalogue, Biggs (1995),

1937Byzantine Weights, an Introduction, Bendall (1996),

2579-2581

Coin-weightmakers for coins from 24 countries (1998), 2333

Construction of the Balance, Brauer (1909), 187Contributions to Arabic Metrology, Miles (1958), 188Control of Pounds & Pints, Stocks (1975), 785Counterfeit Coin Detecting Devices, Mallis (1974), 87Dept of Ag, Bureau of Weights & Meas' Rules &

Regulations relating to Wts & Meas (1951), 2156

Development of Chemical Balance, Stock (1969), 87, 187

Dictionary of English W & M, Zupko (1968), 186Dictionary of W & M for the British Isles (1985),

Zupko, 1074Die Merkzeichen der Nürnberger Rotschmiede (1981),

Lockner, 557Die Münzwaage in der Hand des Sammlers (1983),

Bastian, 619Die Waage des Chemikers, Jenemann (1979), 189Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-

1851, Clifton (1995), 1967-1968Drug Weighing in Britain, Crellin & Scott (1969), 87,

187Early Arabic Glass Wts & Stamps, Miles (1948), 188Early Letter Weighing Devices of G B, Wortley (1950),

87Earth to Heaven royal animal-shaped weights of

Burmese empires, Gear (1992), 1662-1663Economist's Guide to Weights & Measures, 188English Weights, Biggs (1992), 1661-1662Equal Measure for Kings & Commoners Gold Weights

of the Akan, Nitecki (1982), 594Equilibrium Index, Crawforth D (1995), 1999Errors in Practicle Measurement in Science,

Engineering, & Technology, Barry (1978), 2268

European Coin wts for English Coins, Houben (1978), 66, 87

French W & M before the Revolution, Zupko (1978), 189

Gewichte und Waagemacher in Alten Koln, Kisch (1960), 186

Gewichten in Beeld, Van Ark (1977), 226Handbook of Old Weighing Instruments Crawforth

(1998), 3229Handbook of W & M, Roberts (1908), 87Handlist of Scientific Instrument-makers' Trade

Catalogues 1600-1914, Anderson Burnett & Gee (1990), 1820

Historical Metrology, Berriman (1953), 186Honest Weight: The Story of Toledo Scale Terry

(1999), 2956Ingenious and Enterprising Mechanics Yale (1997),

2195-2196Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia

Bud & Warner (1998), 2267-2268International Congress, Modena's La Massa e la sua

Misura (1995), 2217-2219Inventaire des Poids, Pommier & CNAM (1989), 1386-

1387, 1623Irish National Inventory of Historic Scientific

Instruments, Mollan (1990), 1753-1754

L'Aventure du Metre, Pommier ed (1989), 1296-1297Lead Weights, the David Rogers Collection Biggs &

Withers (2001), 2635-2636Lions Ships & Angels, Withers (1995), 1935-1936London Livery Company Apprentice Registers, Webb

(1605-1800), 2978Manuel des poids Monetaires, Dieudonne (1925), 87,

186Marks & Marking Wts & Meas of British Isles, Ricketts

& Taunton (1996), 2105-2106Measurers, Bennett (1995), 1983Measures and Men, Kula (1986), 2127-2128Measures Wts & Monies of all Nations, Woolhouse

(1859), 188Money Sc & Wts, Sheppard & Musham (1922), 87, 186Monied Mans Vade Mecum, Martin (1773), 299Muntgewichten Voor Munten van de Nederlanden

(1981), Houben, 402Münzwaage in der Hand des Sammlers (1983), Bastian,

619Nederlanse Gewichten, Zevenboon & Wittop-Koning

(1970), 87Nesting Wts Einsatzgewichte & Piles a Godets, Zak-

Danforth (1988), 1165-1167Notes on Irish Money Weights & Foreign Coin Current

in Ireland, Westropp (1916), 87Numismatica/Wendt Auktion catalogues (1974, 1975,

1976, 1977), 87Old English Bronze Wool wts, Dent (1927), 187Pondera Medicinalia, Vangroenweghe & Geldof

(1989), 1297-1299Pondera-pesi e misure nell'antichità Museo della

Balancia (2001), 2719-2721Proceedings of the American Metrological Society

(1880), 189Public & Private Science, Morton & Wess (1993),

1849-1853R B Bate of the Poultry, McConnell (1993), 1786Report of Secretary of Treasury on Construction &

Distribution of W & M, Nicholson (1857), 189Salter, Story of a Family Firm, Bache (1960), 187, 545Sampson Mordan & Co, Eldred (1986), 961Scale Manufacturers Asso's Terms & Definitions for the

Weighing Industry (1958, 1964, 1981), 2093, 2156

Scales & Balances, Graham (1981), 355, 1073, 1789-1792

Scales & Weights, Kisch (1965), 87, 186Science Preserved, Holbrook (1992), 1714-1720Short History of Weighing, Sanders (1947), 87Special Aspects of Coin-Weights, Houben, 2104-2105Steady as She Goes, Fanning (1986), 1712-1714Story of Standards, Perry (1955), 187Strife of Scales in City of London, Kingdon (1904), 187Theatrum Staticum, Leupold (1726), 575Treatise of Weights Metrology & Measures of Scotland,

Hunter (1624), 189Treatise on Weighing Machines, Owen (1922), 87Two Thousand Jaar Gewichten in de Nederland,

Wittop-Koning & Houben (1980), 355Two Thousand years of Nested Cup-weights, Houben

(1984), 738

U S Standards of Weights & Measures Their Creation & Creators, Frazier (1978), 102

Universal Cambist, Kelly (1821), 188Verification Marks on Weights, Biggs (1996), 2112Veteran Scales & Weights, Jewell (1979), 139, 189Waagen & Gewichte, Winskowsky (1977), 66Weighing & Measuring, Chisholm (1877), 187Weighing Coins English Folding Gold Balances,

Crawforth (1977), 135, 189Weighing of Money, Houben (1982), 557Weight Stamping by the Worshipful Co of Founders &

City of London, Stevenson (1991), 1563-1565Weights & Measures, Graham (1979), 226, 1072-1073,

1788-1792Weights & Measures Act 1878 to 1904, Fletcher

(1908), 2103-2104Weights & Measures Document (1497), 17Weights & Measures in Scotland: A European

Perspective, Connor & Simpson (2004), 3043-3045

Weights & Measures in Victoria, Proctor (1983), 906Weights & Measures of England, Connor (1987), 1074Weights & Scales, Mehlmann (1979), 163Weights and Weight-like Objects from Caesarea

Maritima, Holland (2009), 3498Whipple Museum Bal & Wts, Brown (1982), 593Working Papers 1 Studies in Design & Technology

(1987), 1705-1712Württembergische Stein- und Metallgewichte, 1557-

2000, Hager (2006), 3224Württembergische Stein und Mettallgewichte, 1557-

2000 Hager (2006), 3234Zehntausend Jahre Waage (1966), Haeberle, 87, 610

Boos, wrongly entered see DeboosBooth, G, sc mkr, counterpoise balance, 1720Booth & Simmons, successors of Miles, William Henry,

1733, 1747Borda weighing - see Substitution weighingBordeaux administration of sc & wts mkrs, 862Borg Scale, competitor of Hanson, 2973Boro Laboratories & Appliance Co Ltd

retailers, 755specific gravity bal retailer, 755

Boroughsdefinition, 1894non-county, 2034-2035

Borsumm-Buisman (author), 1879, 1901Bosch, Gebrûder

assay bal mkr, 664dates, 665scale mkr, 2167use of oil-damping, 2167

Bosch, J N, working with Velthoen, 3230Boss, definition, 170, 175Boston market beam

definition, 1593steelyard, 1593

Boston Public Library, 3162Bot (author), 1899Bottle wts see weight, shapeBoucher, J B, C-spring mkr, 1874Boué, roberval sc mkr, 2487

Boulais, Jacques, ISASC member, 3159-3160Boulle see buhlBoult, A J, patentee, 595Boulton, Matthew

coiner, 495Lunar Society, 1120working at Soho Manufactory, 3450

Boulton, Matthew & Watt, James, 659, 1304Boulton & Watt, manufacturers, 659, 1118Bourn, John

address of, 3493crown mark of, 3492-3498making rockers for Hyams, Hyam, 3492-3498souvereign rocker

base styles, 3493-3498maker, 3492-3498maker for Hyams, Hyam, 3493-3498styles, 3493-3498

Bourne, Thomasdates, 1508equal arm on pillar sc mkr, 697, 2349inverted roberval sc mkr, 697, 2349iron wts mkr, 1508roberval sc mkr, 697, 1724trade card, 697weighing machine mkr, 1508see also catalogue

Bourne & Smithbank sc mkr, 136bullion bal mkr, 136counter roberval sc mkr, 136inverted roberval sc mkr, 136Old advert 1828, 136postal sc mkr, 132, 136sack sc mkr, 136shop sc mkr, 132, 419warehouse sc mkr, 136weighing machine mkr, 696

Bouyancy correction, 2219Bow front sc

dated, 1671, 1673, 2556-2560, 2877-2881spring, 513, 546, 551, 623, 922, 1259, 1407, 1671-

1674, 2556-2560, 2877-2881Bow-front sc retailer, Liberty, 981Bow-front spring bal, 2556-2560, 2877-2881

Apollo Studios, 2556Bernard Rice, 2559Bernard Rice's Sons, 2559Tiffany competitor, 2559treated metal & glass case, 2559

Gilfillan, patentee, 622, 2556, 2878-2879Gilfillan Sc & Hardware, patentee, 2878-2879Gorham silversmiths, 2556Heintz Art Shop, 2556

silver on bronze case, 2557Jennings Bros, 2556, 2558

Jennings, Edward & Erwin, 2558zinc-alloy case, 2558

gold-bronze plated, 2558mkr

I D L Mfg, 2881Kingsbury Mfg Co, 2881

Marvel Scale Co, 2881patents for, 2556Pelouze, 2556, 2560

as advert forKenwood Felts, 2880, 3026St Charles cream, 2880

modelColumbian, 2878-2879

with scoop for confectioners, 2881Countess, 2880-2881Crescent, 2556, 2878-2879Guildcrest for Stationers Guild, 2880-2881National, 2877, 2879Petite, 2880-2881Princess, 2556, 2880-2882Rapid, 2880-2881Star, 2560, 2878-2879Union, 2877-2879X-1, 2880-2881X-2, 2880-2881

patentsnationality, 2881

American, 2881Belgian, 2881Canadian, 2881English, 2881French, 2881German, 2881

retailer, 2880Apollo Studios, 2880Gorham, 2880Heintz Art Metal, 2880Jennings Bros, 2880Tiffany Studios, 2880

retailer, Tisdall, J H, 2879Tiffany Studios, 2556, 2559-2560, 2880

Columbus, 2560Crescent, 2557, 2560desk set, 2557

patterns, 2557Bow front spring bal, see also spring balBower Mfg Co, egg sc retailer, 1314Bowling

sport of, 3172rules for, 3172

strike zone in, 3172Bowling ball, 3172

cross section, 3172hardwood, 3172off-weightness of, 3172tolerances in weight, 3172weights inside, 3172see also dodo

Bowling ball scale, 3172-3178Accu Balance, 3177-3178dodo ball scale, 3172-3177invention of, 3172mkr

American Machine and Foundry, 3174-3178AMF, 3174-3178Jayhawk, 3176-3177Kaufman Mfg Co, 3174-3175, 3178

Toledo, 3173, 3178Troemner, 3173-3174

True Balance Scale, 3176-3177use of, 3175-3176see also dodo ball scale

"Bowling Ball Scale" (article by Lushbough), 3172-3178Bowling lanes, 3172Bowling pins, 3172Bowling rules, 3172Bowman, Reginald Moore, 3337-3341

biography, 3337half roberval postal mkr, 3337-3341patentee, 3337-3341

US, 3337-3341patents by, 3337-3341pendulum postal mkr, 3337-3341pendulum postal patentee, 3337-3341"See-Saw Scale" maker, 3337-3341see also See-Saw letter scale

"Bowman's Pendulum Postals" (article by Berning), 3337-3341

Boxbamboo, 55, 325Berg & Mark, 6black & gold English, 1377book-shape, 1354brass, 2658cap end, 236, 268, 273, 301card paper, 2658cardboard, 2658carved, 249, 281, 625-626CFS (cut from solid), 49, 54, 80, 154-156, 208-215,

244-249, 457, 625-626, 1380-1383, 1585, 1749, 1761-1764, 1779, 1782-1784, 1787, 1799-1801, 2657

china, 1453Chinese style, 160cut-from-solid see box, CFSdiaper stamps, 1356, 1382ebony, 115English, 2995-2996fish shaped, 57-58, 157German CFS, 27, 42, 65, 228Indian Ocean, 249, 281, 625-626ivory, 115Japanese scabbard, 321japanned metal, 160, 457, 2442lacquered, 625-626leather cloth, 41, 154leather covered, 23, 28, 41, 65, 131, 154, 233-236, 268,

271, 321, 428-429, 686, 1231, 1417-1419, 2658, 3491

made-up see box, MUBmetal, 2657morocco leather, 3491MUB (made up box), 214, 247, 356, 495, 1192, 1393,

1762, 1831, 2657nickel-alloy, 1942nickel-plated, 2038-2045oval japanned, 457, 1502-1503oval japanned (article), 178oval wood, 1323-1326

paintedIndian Ocean, 249, 281Persian, 223

paper, 2658rosewood, 1413-1415round, 115serpentine, 1749, 1761, 1763-1764, 1798-1801shagreen, 205, 215, 247, 269-271, 457-459, 676, 869,

1390, 1395-1396, 1581, 1587, 1602, 1685-1686, 1781, 1879, 2082, 2658, 2996

definition, 312round pens, 1396

silver edging, 1685silver ribbon edging, 1396snail-shaped, 625-626Spanish, 2995-2996tin, 149, 154-157, 191, 421, 1098, 1790tooled, 49, 208violin, 55, 59, 227, 325, 1685well for nesting wts, 1380wholesaler, 1356zinc, 2657

Box end, definition, 172, 175Box end beam

definition, 172-173, 175see also beam end shapes

Box mkrs, 1782Boxed swan neck end, definition, 172Boyle, Robert, scientist, 574Boyle Robert, scientist, 574Bozzo, sc mkr, 2387Brabant mark, 1991Braby, James

father of Braby, Thomas, 1915kitchen sc mkr, 772, 1725pendulum sc designer, 1911-1914pendulum sc mkr, 1911same address as Braby, Thomas, 1912silver medallist, 1911trade sc mkr, 1725

Braby, James & Thomas (article by Crawforth, D), 1911-1916

Braby, Thomascoach-spring mkr, 1904same address as Braby, James, 1912son of Braby, James, 1915spring bal mkr, 1903, 1915-1916T B mastersign, 1915

Bradbury, D, assay master, 499, 502Bradbury, Daniel

assay master of Sheffield, 1473coin wts mkr, 1473

Bradford, 1957inspectors mark, 46

Bradford, Darby & Hullsbismar mkr, 1311Bradford, William & Darby, Richard & Hulls,

Jonathan, 1311coin sc mkr, 268, 1303hydrostatical sc mkr, 268, 1303moving load sc mkr, 1303patent date, 394

unusual coin sc design, 1760see also Hulls, J & Bradford, W

Bradford, Samueldate, 1758postal sc mkr, 1758

Bradford, William see Bradford, Darby & HullsBradford mark, 1981Brady & Martin

precision bal mkr, 1821precision bal retailer, 1726scientific instrument retailer, 1726, 1821see also catalogue

Bragin, L, ccd mkr, 1019Braided cord, definition, 175Brake, pendulum sc, 1408Bramall & Brookes-King, patentee, 413Brand, Phil, Managing Director, Hanson Limited, 3011Brander, G F

author, 610chemical bal mkr, 573, 604-605, 607hydrostatic sc mkr, 573, 604-605pendulum sc designer, 573, 605scientific instrument mkr, 604

Brandon Mfg Co, 2756succeeded by Howe Scale Co, 2756

Brantford Computing Scale Co, computing scale mkr, 2637Brantford Scale Co, 2637Brantford Speciality Mfg Co, computing scale mkr, 2637Braselmann, August

coin sc mkr, 30, 63dates, 63German sc mkr, 30

Braselmann, Johann Petercoin sc mkr, 30, 62-64dates, 63master of Mittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar, 62

Brasscleaning, 3035, 3036, 3156prices, 1542wts

numerous referencesstamping, 21, 92

Brass (author), 408Brass, Brian (biography), 3133Brass' "A Scale Collector in Italy" (article), 2352-2353"Brass Beam Scales-To clean or not to Clean!" (article by

Lound), 3036, 3161Brass' "Candlesticks

Part 1" (article), 3097-3109, 3161Part II" (article), 3127-3133, 3161

Brass' "Candlesticks" (article), 403-408Brass' "What will happen to my collection?" (letter to

editor), 1036Brass' "Young Person Scale" (article), 18-19Brauer (author), 3-6, 134, 187, 728, 1815, 1906, 2053Brauer's Construction of the Balance (review), 3-4, 6, 187Braun-Knecht-Heimann, scientific instrument mkr, 1821Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co

precision bal mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Breadarticle on, 1051-1059, 1087-1098

penalties for short wt, 1182priced, 1058, 1087prices, 1055prices in Boston USA

Contemporary Comment 1732, 1104Contemporary Comment 1754, 1104

of treat, 1052Bread sc, 1051-1059, 1087-1098

equal-arm, 23, 1051, 1053, 1087-1098, 1352, 1790mkr

Anderson Brothers, 1089Avery, W & T, 1790Avery, W & T Ltd, 1089-1092, 1097-1098, 1462,

1791Ballans, F, 1089Barnes, W M, 1089, 1097Bartlett & Son Ltd, 1089, 1095Carnegie & Layton Ltd, 1089Cocksedge & Co, 1089Cooperative Wholesale Society Ltd, 1089Daniels, J B, 1089Davis & Southerton, 23, 1089, 1095Day & Millward, 1089, 1586Dayton Royal Computing Sc, 1093DeGrave & Co, 1098Hall, J & Son, 1089Hunt & Co, 1089Jackson, E, 1089Morvan, G & B, 1089Parnall & Sons Ltd, 1089Parry, Walter, 1089Pooley, H & Son Ltd, 1089Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 1089Premier Scale Co Ltd, 1087Salter, George & Co, 523, 1089, 1093Siddons, J & J, 1089, 1098United Yeast Co Ltd, 1089, 1097Wedderburn, G A, 1089Whitehead & Honey, 1089Wood, A R, 1089Young Son & Marlow, 1089

patent, 1088spring, 1093steelyard, 1090-1092, 1462

"Bread Weighing" (article by Crawforth D), 1051-1059, 1087-1098

Bread weights see weights, purpose, breadBrearley, competitor of Hanson, 2973Brecknell

béranger sc mkr, 2468counter sc mkr, 2470inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469potato beam sc mkr, 2470provision sc mkr, 2468semi-automatic sc mkr, 2470vibrating counter sc mkr, 2470

Breithauptprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Brenner, C, partner, Buoy, Brenner & Co, 2887Brequin (author), 610

Brequin, Col deauthor, 610inventor, 607-608

Brerner, John, 556Breughel's drawing Everyman, 737Brevete, definition, 175, 332, 446Briais, Narcissé, 147, 332, 446, 479, 481, 1360, 3030,

3132-3133, 3158, 3185-3186, 3478-3482addresses, 3478business liquidated, 3481candlestick sc patentee, 1373, 1535, 3132-3133coin & postal sc mkr, 147, 332cord & wt sc patentee, 1373dates, 3478-3482desk set, 1676flexure spring sc patent, 1904hydraulic sc patentee, 1373instrument maker, 3478-3482making for Perry, 3185N B trade mark, 446, 3478-3482

used by Restorf,G, 3481patentee, 446, 1370, 1375, 1535pendulous pendulum sc, 1676pendulum sc

descriptions, 3478-3482mkr, 1253, 1404, 1406, 1650, 1676, 3478-3482prices, 1673

postal sc mkr, 1252-1253, 1651, 1677-1679, 3478-3482postal scales

made for England, 3482made for France, 3482

roberval sc mkr, 1252, 1679, 3481-3482sales in GB, 1370silver sc, 1676spring bal mkr, 1373, 1404, 1535spring bal patentee, 1373-1376, 1404, 1535steelyard mkr, 1403, 1677steelyard sc patentee, 1373wholesaler, 1253, 1360

Briais, Narcissé Eugene see Briais, NarcisséBriais, Victor

patentee, 1370postal sc patentee, 1403-1404, 1536steelyard patentee, 1403, 1536, 1677

Brighton mark, 1960Brind, William

apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1737coin sc mkr, 22, 205-206, 211, 214, 246, 248, 1938dates, 22, 206, 1730, 1737employed by Read, Samuel, 1745master of 5 apprentices at once, 1729master of Bullock, William, 1737master of Goodman, William, 1730, 1737master of Phillips, Edward, 248, 1737master of Wheatley, John, 1737steelyard mkr, 22, 205trade card, 205two shops, 205wt mkr, 205

Brine sc, 604Briot, Nicholas

weight engraver, 216, 914, 1010-1011, 1352, 1358

wts, 1014Brisson, Raymond J, pres, Fairbanks Foundation, 2805Bristol, inspectors mark, 21, 46, 1927Bristol Assay Office, griffon mark on wts, 500Bristol-ware see beer measureBritannia, postal pendulum sc, 1292British

coinage, 40patentee, 66, 549, 1882, 1886, 1902, 1932, 1984

see also patentee, Britishpostal system, 2, 817, 1219-1233scale mkr, Salter, 2240scale retailer, von der Nahmer, 2240

British Automatic Co, person sc retailer, 518British Coin-Weights by Withers (review), 1793"British Date Marks" (article by Crawforth), 1004-1007British Duplex Seals Ltd

Duplex trade name, 1945, 1965kitchen sc mkr, 1965ladle mkr, 1965patentee, 1965

British Egg Marketing Board, 412British laboratory balance, 2543British Museum collection of coin-wts, 1794British national standard for mass, 2219British patentee see patentee, BritishBritish Postal Union, 2258British Research Association, Barker, S G & Hedges, J J,

yarn bal patentee, 1176British sc, grain, 354, 518, 524, 566, 592, 1451British sc mkr, Wharton, W & Sons, dates, 3098-3099British Standards, 90"British Verification Marks" (article by Crawforth), 20-24,

43-48, 67-72British Weights & Measures by Zupko (review), 188Broad, John, inspector for Berkshire, 1956Broad arrow

mark on wts, 581see also Government departments

Broad pieces, definition, 1552Broadbent (author), 728, 1580, 1707Brock, Richard

apprentice of Marsh, Elizabeth, 1738master of Evitt, John, 1738

see also Brocke, RichardBrocke, Richard, 2254

coin sc description, 2256coin sc mkr, 2253-2256

bound to Collet, Thomas, 2254label, 2255

Bromilow, coin sc retailer, 282Bromley, James, sc mkr, 3091Bronze Age, 2719Bronze cleaning, 1238Bronze wts

stamping, 21, 3409see also Weights, material

Brookes, A G, patent agent, 539Brookes-King, patentee see Bramall & Brookes-KingBrookhouse, R, wt mkr, 410, 416Brooks, Percy C, manager of Fairbanks, E & T & Co, 107Brooks, William I

apprentice of Bassingham, Samuel, 1731dates, 1731master of Fletcher, William Francis, 1731

Brooksby, Elizabethcoin sc mkr, 214, 1396remarried to Gibson, Thomas, 214widow of Brooksby, Thomas II, 1735see also Gibson, Elizabeth

Brooksby, Thomas Iapprentice of Picard, John, 212, 1735coin sc mkr, 212-214, 1069, 1396dates, 213, 1735father of Brooksby, Thomas II, 1735foreman of Picard, John, 213master of Brooksby, Thomas II, 213, 1735master of Gibson, Thomas, 213, 1735master of Sangster, William, 213, 1735succeeded by Gardner, Ann, 214successor of Picard, John, 1735

Brooksby, Thomas IIapprentice of Brooksby, Thomas I, 213coin sc mkr, 214, 1735dates, 213-215first husband of Brooksby, Elizabeth, 1735master of 5 apprentices, 1743master of Wood, William, 1735son of Brooksby, Thomas I, 1735succeeded by Gibson, Thomas, 214successor of Gardner, Ann, 214trade card, 214trained with Gibson, Thomas, 214

Brower Gradenway, 3236Brower Mfg Co

American sc mkr, 920, 1284, 1313, 1315, 3236dates, 3236egg sc mkr, 920, 1284, 1313, 1315, 3236Grade-and-Weigh trade name, 3236Gradenway trade name, 3236Gradenway with candler, 3236pendulum sc mkr, 922, 924Save-all label, 3236Save-all trade name, 1284, 3236steelyard mkr, 920, 1284, 1313, 3236

Brown see Fairbanks, Brown & CoBrown, HH, 2424Brown, Isaac

coin sc mkr, 427, 1413-1420, 1725patent false, 1414registered design, 1413-1415watch mkr, 1725

Brown, Isaac & Son, coin sc mkr, 1419Brown, J G, painting Farmers Weighing Fish, 1301Brown, James

sc inventor, 1304scientific instrument mkr, 1304

Brown, John, 2704Brown, L E, 3101

American sc mkr, 3131candlestick sc mkr, 3131kitchen sc mkr, 3101

Brown, Lennox & Cobarge sc mkr, 655, 661, 698-699

platform sc mkr, 655, 661, 698-699Brown, O

Balances & Weights of the Whipple Museum (review), 593

Balances & Weights of the Whipple Museum (review), 593

Brown, Richard & Sonscoin sc mkr, 1028coin sc wholesaler, 1419folding sovereign bal, 1028, 1419-1420steelyard mkr, 1028

Brown & Co, postal sc retailers, 938Brown & Sharpe, American sc mkr, 1169, 1696, 1702Brown & Sharpe Mfg Co

caliper gauge for paper, 1696paper sc mkr, 1702steelyard mkr, 1169, 1702see also catalogue

Brownedate, 1759postal sc retailer of Ratcliff, J & E rolling pin, 1759

Brugesclove, 2018gold mark, 1991gold ounce, 1992hundredweight, 1992load, 1992mark, 1991pound, 1994-1995, 2018silver mark, 1991silver ounce, 1992wool weighing, 2020

Brunswick Drug Co, see also catalogueBrunton see Ford, Whitmore & BruntonBrussaut, roberval sc patentee, 2601Brussels

bullion ounce, 1992mark, 1991

Bryden, D (author), 1309Bryden, John, 2293

scale mkr, 2293Bryden & Robidoux scales, 2293Bryden's, "John Gardner's Coin-Scale" (article), 1303-1311Bte SGDG, definition, 446Bu, 319Bucatarie, Pentru, béranger mkr, 2440Buchanan (author), 2072Buchanan, Peta, Dr., 2268, 2788

biography, 2249, 2264, 2547Buchanan's

"Any Advance on Six?" (article), 2243-2249"Hydrostatic Weighing" (article), 2731-2735"Oertling Verified Unequally?" (article), 2260-2265Quantitive Measurement & the design of the Chemical

Bal 1750-1900 (unpublished thesis), 2082, 2264

Buchenwald Concentration Camp, scale at, 2238Buckalew, B R, gold sc retailer, 153Buckelew, James

business activities, 3114father of Buckelew, John, 3114Jamesburg, NY, 3113-3114

Buckelew & Waterman, 3110-3112, 3113-3118American, sc mkr, 3110-3112, 3113-3118dates, 3110, 3113location of, 3110, 3113shop scale

accuracy of, 3111-3112description of, 3110-3111geometry of, 3110-3112half roberval & steelyard, 3110-3112mechanism of, 3110-3111shown at American Pharmaceutical Asso, 3113

shop scale mkr, 3110-3112, 3113-3118Matos patent, 3116-3117

"Buckelew & Waterman-A Short Lived Philadelphia Business," (article by Beare), 3113-3118

Buckelew,John D, 3110, 3113-3114census findings, 3113farmer, 3110, 3113Inverness mansion, 3114living in NJ, 3110, 3113providing capital for Buckelew & Waterman, 3110,

3114Buckinghamshire mark, 69, 2031Bucklen, Herbert E, organizer of Strubler Computing Scale

Co, 2134Bud, Dr. Robert, 2239Budgie scale, 3178Bueschel (author), 2084, 2436Bueschel, Richard, 2423-2432, 2436Bueschel, Richard M, biography, 2432Bueschel's

Big Head Lollipop Scales (1994), review by Storck, 2436

Collector's Guide to Vintage Coin Machines, 2433Buffalo Scale Co

advert, 179American sc mkr, 82, 179, 901, 1696, 3262druggists sc mkr, 2051grain sc mkr, 82, 222-224paper sc mkr, 1696, 1700steelyard mkr, 1700see also catalogue

Buffalo Scale Works, 2552Buffer, poise, 1411Buffing wheel, 1235Buhl, base, 1288Bull, James, wts made for his bread retailing, 1057Bull, William, 2388-2389

apprentice of Picard, John, 2388-2389Bull-top, 1451, 1454Bullion

checker, 1939coins as, 1082ounce, 1990-1992sc, roberval, 1939wt systems, mediaeval, 1990-1992

Bullion bal, 182, 649, 1189, 2243-2244, 2872designer

Cotton, William I, 114Kater, Henry, 114Napier, J M, 104

Bullion bal mkr

Arstall, Widow & Son, 2012Bate, R B, 2243Becker & Co, 281Bourne & Smith, 136Day, William Chambers, 810Dearborn, Benjamin, 1189, 3037-3039Fairbanks & Co, 992Howard & Davis, 1212, 1216Kohlbusch, Herman, 1940Napier, J M, 105Oertling, Ludwig, 159Plympton, H, 1211-1215, 3037-3039Sharples, B, 802Troemner, Henry, 811, 1939, 2872Troemner, Henry & Co, 157Young & Son, 800

Bullion balance, 3037-3039Bullion Office of the Bank of England, 2243"Bullion Weights an outline catalogue" by Biggs (review),

1937Bullock, William

apprentice of Brind, William, 1737coin sc mkr, 1737dates, 1737

Bullock, William & Cobought by Salters, 518dates, 638trade card, 644wts mkr, 518, 638, 644

Bullwinkle, Thomasapprentice of Whitemarsh, William, 1732dates, 1732

Bundy Manufacturing, Co., 2206Bunge, Paul

aperiodic bal mkr, 700assay bal mkr, 792autocollimation, 791, 837chemical bal mkr, 5dates, 720, 792, 1468mechanical wt loading, 719optical projection sc mkr, 837precision bal mkr, 5, 549, 589-590, 664, 700, 719, 792,

837, 1468prize, 1468, 2239

awarded by Jeneman, 2239awarded to Bud & Warner, 2239

scientific instrument mkr, 1821short beam design, 1790see also catalogue

Bunn, Johnapprentice of Bassingham, Samuel, 1731dates, 1731worked for Bassingham, Samuel, 1731

Bunsen, gas burner inventor, 2627Buoy, Brenner & Co, 2887

Buoy, D, Buoy, William, Brenner, C & Kohler, J, 2887scale manufacturers, 2887

Buoy, DennisAmerican patentee, 2885ball scale patentee, 2885-2889biography, 2887-2889family tree, 2887-2889

partner, Buoy, Brenner & Co, 2887patentee

Conkling, E W, witness, 2886Long, Chas C, witness, 2886

patents, 2889Variety Works Scale, 2884-2891

marks for assembly on, 2884-2891Buoy, William

partner, Buoy, Brenner & Co, 2887son of Buoy, Dennis, 2887

Burchfield, Samuel, sc mkr, 3091Burchfield, Thomas

apprentice of Wynn, John, 1732coal sc mkr, 35dates, 1732iron wts mkr, 35master of Morgan, Joseph Walter, 1732master of Stillwell, Edward I, 1732sc mkr, 3087, 3090, 3091succeeded by Burchfield, Thomas & Son, 1732

Burchfield, Thomas & SonBurchfield, Thomas & William, 1732dates, 1732person sc mkr, 1732succeeded by Williams, Thomas II, 1732successors of Burchfield, Thomas, 1732

Burdet see Thiebaud, A & BurdetBureau des Ecorces, C-spring mkr, 1874Burgauer's Favorit, letter, 445"Burmese Bronze Weights" (article by Houben), 347-352Burmese sc, 241, 249, 281"Burmese Weights" (article by Gear), 1521-1524

review, 1662-1663Burnett, Thomas, dates, 1723Burrell (author), 1997Burrows, agate supplier, 1787Burrows, P F M, patentee, 650Burrows, Stewart & Milne, Canadian sc mkr, 1437-1438Burrows, Stewart & Milne Co Ltd

butchers sc mkr, 1437-1438steelyard mkr, 1437-1438

Burton, Jamesdate, 1736master of Ball, William, 1736

Bush, definition, 175Bushel, wts mkr, 545, 638Bushel measure, American, 1137, 1139Bushelmaster, grain scale, 3436Bushelmastersee also N & Q, 152Bushes, lack of, 1521Buss, Thomas Odempsey


Bussey, London dealer for Salter, 2130Bussey, Frederick, 2088

foundry, 2088Bussey, George Gibson, 2087

patent, 2087, 2090, 2130Bussey, patentee, 2087Bussey, Peckham, London, 2087Bussey & Co, 2087, 2088

parcel post bal, 2087-2088"Bussey Questions," article by Moon, 2087-2090Butchers outfitters, Smith & Stevenson, 1447Butchers sc

automatic, 1201béranger, 289equal-arm, 1196fan & steelyard, 559inverted roberval, 130, 1193, 1197-1198mkr

Avery, W & T, 974Avery, W & T Ltd, 289, 290, 974B S & M Co Ltd see Burrows, Stewart & Milne Co

LtdBurrows, Stewart & Milne Co Ltd, 1437-1438Chatillon, John & Sons, 1591Computing Scale Co, 559Fairbanks, 109, 512Fairbanks & Co, 108, 109Herbert, Thomas, 1192Herbert & Sons, 1192-1198, 1743Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1197, 1201Marlin, A a Joue, 758Marriott, Henry, 1883Preston, William B, 508Simpson, W R, 1842Troemner, Henry, 1643Wood, Robert, 1192

repairer, Newman, J, 1828retailer

Douglas, William & Sons, 1726Wood, Vallance & Adams, 1438

semi-self-indicating, 974steelyard, 508, 758, 1437-1438, 1462, 1774-1776trip, 1591variable beam steelyard, 758

Butchers Shop 1583, painting, 1774-1776Butcher's stone, 2799Butchers' weighing, 1160Butes, E, patentee, 454Butter moisture sc, 809Butter sc

béranger, 1198equal arm wooden, 591inverted roberval, 1197mkr

Fairbanks, 109, 218Fairbanks & Co, 109, 144, 218Herbert & Sons, 1197-1198Roberts, D L, 514, 1878

steelyard, 109, 218, 514Butterworth see Fawcet & ButterworthButton, assayed, definition, 665Button bal, 331

definition, 175pivot see Cone pivot

Button bal mkrKeller, S, 154Keller Balance Mfg Co, 157

Button pivot, definition, 175Buyer Beware see Caveat EmptorBuying (article by Knights), 1533-1534

"Buying Ice" (article by Katz), 2222-2223Byron, Charles, Standard Computing Scale Co, 3253Byzantine

glass wts see Weights, nationalitysteelyard, 168

CC B, mark on wts, 44, 46C B Dale see CoalbrookdaleC Biegefeder (mancur), 1863C C, mark on wts, 69C C A crowned mark (Cornwall), 1977C C mark on wts (City of Cork), 1759C C under potentilla mark (Carlisle), 1959C crowned, 20, 22, 789, 985

mark on wts see Carolus Rex; weights, monarch, Charles

C Dmark on coin wts, 20, 1471mark on coin wts see Dublin mark

C D C, mark on wts, 69C D crowned, 20

mark on wts, 69C D mark on wts (City of Dublin), 1759C dagger C mark (Chester), 1927C G, C-spring mkr, 1874C L B, C-spring mkr, 1874C M on wts see weights, denomination, carat metriqueC M P, C-spring mkr, 1874C O, mark on wts, 69C R, stamp on beam, 1357-1358C R see Charles I of GBC R crowned, 985

mark on wts, 985C S see Sommers, CharlesC S Co, monogram see Computing Scale CoC S H, mark on wts, 93C S H Industries Inc

AA trade name, 416American sc mkr, 417, 1315egg sc, 416-417egg sc mkr, 417, 1315

C S P see Sharples, GC S P in chain links, trade mark of Sharples B of Preston,

802C-spring bal, definition, 195-196C-spring mkr

B, 1874B D, 1874Besnard, 1874Blombach, C, 1874Boe-Paupier, à Paris, 1874Böelle, à St Christoph, 1865, 1874Böelle, M, 432, 435, 1874Böelle & Breard, 1874Boker, Henry, 435, 1874Boker, Henry & Co, 435, 1874Boucher, J B, 1874Bureau des Ecorces, 1874C G, 1874C L B, 1874C M P, 1874

Chemin, 1867Chemin, à Paris, 1867Cheville, père, 1875D B, 1874D M, 1875D P, 1875Delalande, 1875dolphin/fish mark, 1876, 1902Dubois, Jacques, 1875Dumaine, 1875Dumaine, P, 1875Dupont, J au Fresne, 1875E L S, 1875F D, 1875F D P, 1875F F, 1875F H, 1875fish/dolphin, 1876, 1902Fleuri, 1875Fleuri, à Pont Degrene, 1875Fleuri, G, 1875Fleuri, M, 1875Fleury, 1875Fleury, Frères, 1875flower, 1876Grund, P, 1875H & M, 1875H S, 1875Hamon, F, 1875Hamon, H, 1875Hamon, I?, 1875Hamon, P ainé, 1875Hamon, Paul, 1875Hamon, Pierre, 1875Hanin, 1867, 1875, 3151Hanin, à Paris, 1875Hanin, à St Romaine, 1875Hanin, ainé, 1875Hanin, fils, 1867, 1875Hanin, fils à Paris, 1875Hanin, fils à St Romaine, 1875Hanin, le père, 1875Herbertz, P, 1871, 1875Hilger & Sons, 1875I G. V P, 1875I L, 1875I L T M, 1875Imhoff & Lang, 1875J B crowned, 1875J M R, 1875Jarres, R, 1875Jung, C, 1875K & M, 1875Kalthoff, P, 1875Klein, I, 1875Kleuser, W, 1875Krups, Robert, 1875L B, 1875Labiche, à Sourdeval, 1875Lansen, 1875Le Termelier, Andrè, 1875Leboucher, 1865, 1875

Leboucher, Eugene, 1875Leboucher, Jnr, 1875Leboucher, Manuel, 1875Leboucher & crescent, 1875Lebreton, Eugene, 1875Lebreton, Fils ainé à Sourdeval, 1875Lemercier, 1875Letermelier, 1873Lockhaus & Gunter, 1875Luginbuhl, Ulrich, 1867, 1875M B, 1875M F, 1875M F G, 1875M F I, 1875M S G, 1875Mari I crowned, 1875MG C, 1875Miquelard à Avranches, 1875P Q R, 1875Paupier L, 1873Querue, 1875R C, 1875R S, 1875R V, 1875Reform, 1875Régnier, à Paris, 1875Régnier, à Samur, 1875Renaut, N, 1875Riviere, 1875Salter, Geo & Co, 1873-1874, 1873-1875, 1875Schmidt, Peter Ludwig, 1875Seers, 1875Sessler, Georg, 431Sessler, J G, 1864, 1875set-square & compasses, 1875Tesche, C W, 1876Tesche, W W, 1876Testut, Charles et Fils à Paris, 1876Tribo, 1876Venot, 1876Wegermuff, 1876Wiedeman, 1864

C-spring scpivotted pointer, 1902postal, 897rack & pinion, 1868

C Won coin wts, 1062German béranger shop sc mkr, 647mark on British wts, 697

C W., see also coin sc, mkr, Ward, CallingwoodC W Novelty Co

maker of Nolan Scale, 3163see also Johnson, Sherman

C W O under mitre mark, 1930, 1971see also Cawood, Wistow & Otley

C W S see Cooperative Wholesale SocietyC W S Scales Dept, bank sc mkr, 1105C*S, 1925

see also County of SouthamptonC*S with H below, 1926C*S with H below see Hampshire

Cadwick, weighing machine mkr, 659, 1508Caesarea Maritima

Israel, 3201-3206dates of, 3201-3206map of, 3201

Caesarea Phippi, Israel, 3201Caille Bros Co, MI sc mkr, 3034Caille Brothers, 2459

see also catalogueCaille Brothers Company

Aristocrat Deluxe scale mkr, 3259Aristocrat scale mkr, 3259beam scale mkr, 3259Cadillac scale mkr, 3259coin operated scale mkr, 3259-3260Moderne scale mkr, 3259-3260peep show mkr, 3259phonograph mkr, 3259scales operated by Canadian Rhodes, 3259scales operated by Peerless, 3259slot machine mkr, 3259ticket scale mkr, 3259trade stimulator mkr, 3259Washington scale mkr, 3259

Caille Co, MI sc mkr, 3034, 3259-3260Caithness, inspectors mark, 69Cake sc, mkr, Chatillon, John & Sons, 1591Calais & Chairgrasse, roberval sc mkr, 2487Calcott, Thomas

master of Gowers, Weston, 1731member of Leathersellers Co, 1727

Caledonian sc, 692, 698Calibrate

definition, 192steelyard, 333-334

California Directors & Sealers, 2258California gold rush, 151Caliper gauge for paper, Brown & Sharpe Mfg Co, 1696Calley see Anderton Son & CalleyCallington, Cornwall, 1977

manor, 1977Calstock, Cornwall, 1977

manor, 1977Cam

definition, 192, 229to find deficit, 1415

Cam & pendulumdefinition, 192scale, definition, 192

Cam scale, definition, 192Cambridge County, inspectors mark, 69Cambridge University, 1928, 1960Camilleri, Serge, biography, 2579Camilleri's

"DeGrave Short & Fanner Exported" (article), 2405-2406

"Folders for Foreign Coins" (article), 2563-2570Tongue folding gold bal (query), 1941"Weighing the 7s Coin" (article), 1624-1625

"Canadian Butchers' Scales" (article by Allan), 1437-1438"The Canadian Equal Arm Letter Scale" (article by

Laycock), 2816-2818

Canadian gold rush, 151Canadian patentee see patentee, CanadianCanadian postage rates, 2816Canadian sc

butchers, 1437-1438egg, 412, 1034, 1279mkr

Burrows, Stewart & Milne, 1437-1438Standard Egg, 379, 1034

Canadian sc retailerStandard Egg Scales, 1279Vancouver Importing Co, 1279Wood, Vallance & Adams, 1437-1438

"Canadian Scale" (article), 2637Canadian verification marks, 927"Canal Weigh-house at Midford" (article by Halse), 2415-

2419Canby & POzias, 3250Cancellation, 24Candle, George

dates, 1737successor of Walker, Catherine, 1737

Candle-mkrs sc, 468Candler

egg, 376, 2296-2298, 3236Reliable Mfg Co, 1316, 3307-3309

Candlestickaluminium, 3132bell-mounted, 406black patinated, 3129British registered design, 404, 3099-3100brocaded, 3105with cartouches on bases, 3129-3130cord & wheel, 1373

patent, 1373dating, 3102, 3104desk set, 3097-3098

dates, 3098diagram of, 3100drawing of, 3100first registered design, 404, 3099-3100, 3102for French market, 3130French patent, 1373with gilt stripes, 3130glass, 403, 407, 3101-3102, 3104, 3106hydraulic, 2739-2746, 3100

patent, 1373ivory, 408kitchen, 1558marble-based, 2058, 3101-3102, 3104materials of

brass, 3097-3109, 3127-3129cast iron, 3101, 3107ebony, 3132-3133glass, 3101-3102, 3104, 3106ivory, 3101-3102, 3104Matlock marble, 3101, 3104silver, 3101-3102, 3106, 3132tin, 3101-3102, 3105, 3128wood, 3101-3102, 3104

with paper wiight base, 3130-3131parts of, 3100

patinated, 3161postage rates on, 3102registered design, 405, 3099-3100, 3128-3131second registered design, 3105signed Rooke, 3104silk brocade, 3129-3130, 3130, 3304silver, 1669sizes of, 3101spring bal, 11, 224, 361, 401-408, 623, 686, 839, 1073,

1223, 1287, 1375, 1535, 1558, 1669, 2643-2644, 3030

tapering helical spring, patent, 1375with thermometer, 407tin, 1792, 3101types of, 3100

compression spring, 3100extension spring, 3100-3102

for US market, 3108-3109wooden, 1375, 1535see also spring bal, candlestick

Candlestick postal scdates, 1073, 1224, 1669, 2514, 3098-3109see also Postal Sc

"Candlestick Postal Scale" (article by Katz), 2514Candlestick sc

kitchen, 3101Matlock base on, 3101-3102, 3104mkr

Barker, A, 3128Blews,William & Sons, 3102, 3127Briais, Narcissé, 1375, 1535, 3132-3133Brown, L E, 3101Chatillon, John & Sons, 405, 407, 1558, 3130-3131Criterion, 1792

1792k sc, mkr, Criterion, 1792Henley, 3128-3129Hodges,R, 3105, 3129L & S, 1669Levi & Salaman, 3128Ratcliff, Edmund, 403Ratcliff, Joseph & Edmund, 403, 1792, 3102-3103,

3106-3108, 3130Thompson Engineering & Mfg Co, 3132-3133Turner, Samuel, 2514, 3102, 3108Ubrig Waagen-fabrik, 622-623, 3132-3133unknown, 3100-3101, 3109, 3128-3130Wharton, T & Sons, 405, 3102, 3108-3109Wharton, W & Sons, 3098-3099

dates, 3098-3099Winfield, R W, 403-407, 1073, 1792, 3099-3107,

3109, 3130Wise, Charles, 3128-3129

parcel, 623, 1261patentee

Briais, Narcissé, 1375, 1535, 3132-3133Brown, L E, 3131Drake, Mahlon S, 3131Susse, Michel Victor, 1373, 3132Ubrig, Emil, 622-623, 3133

registered designBarker, A, 3128Henley, 3128

Hodges, R, 3128Levi & Salaman, 3128Setten & Durward, 3128Winfield, R W, 404, 3099, 3105Wise, Charles, 3129

sizes, 3101Candlestick sc retailer, 3131"Candlesticks

Part 1" (article by Brass), 3099-3109, 3161Part II" (article by Brass), 3127-3133, 3161

"Candlesticks" (article by Brass), 403-408Candy sc

mkrAvery Scale Co, 1123Chatillon, John & Sons, 1591

Cannon, wts mkr, 586Cannon-ball sc, steelyard, 1721-1722, 2685, 2687Cannon Iron Foundries Ltd

dates, 638wts mkr, 638

Cannon Iron Foundrydates, 638wts mkr, 638

Cannon sc, steelyard, 868Cap, adjustable on spring sc, 1597Cap end case, 268, 273, 287, 1231Capacity, definition, 192Carat, derivation, 2447, 2620Carat metrique, diamond sc, 1142Carat wts

standardization, 2622see also Weights, denomination

Carbon 14 dateing, 2904Cardboard repairs, 1269Cardiidae, family of cockleshells, 3201Carley's

"American Weighing Scoops" (article), 487-491"Early U S postal system" (letter), 1017"Hay Weighing Forks" (article), 666-671"Moisture testers" (letter), 218"Roman Bismar" (article), 823-824"Torsion Balance Co & Christian Becker" (article),

996-1003Carlin see weights, denominationCarlisle mark (C C under potentilla mark), 1959Carlstedt Mfg Co

Champion trade name, 414E Z trade name, 380egg sc mkr, 41, 379-380, 414-415, 1276, 1313steelyard mkr, 41, 379-380, 414-415, 1276, 1313

Carlton, bathroom sc, 554Carnegie & Layton

coin operated sc mkr, 2495inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469

Carnegie & Layton Ltdbread, sc mkr, 1089person sc mkr, 1707, 2495see also catalogue

Caro Rex see CarolusCarob beans, 152, 925, 2447, 2620Carob seed, as weight standard, 2620Carolus see weights, denomination, Carolus; weights,

monarch, Charles I; weights, monarch, Charles IICarolus Rex, on coin wts, 1016, 1355Carracci, Annibale, painter of Butcher's Shop 1583, 1774-

1776, 2362Carrier

definition, 192, 194see also nose-guard

Carroncast iron, 1119dates, 638wts mkr, 638

Cart steelyard, 2675-2678how to weigh with, 2677

"Cart Steelyards of East Anglia" (article by Carter), 2675-2678

Cart weighers see platform sc; steelyardCarter, Charles D

assignor to Hart, Henry C, Mfg Co, 2609-2610patentee, 2609-2610, 3246

Carter's"Cart Steelyards of East Anglia" (article), 2675-2678Computing Scale weights (query), 2208-2209

"Carters Standard" (article by Berning), 2607-2610, 3244Cartridge sc, steelyard, 1039Cary, William

precision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Carysfort, Lord, report, 390, 582Casartelli

spring bal mkr, 1168yarn bal retailer, 1174

Casartelli, J, paper sc mkr, 1692Casartelli, J & Son

dates, 1103yarn bal mkr, 1103

Casartelli, John & Son Ltd, yarn bal mkr, 957, 1168Casartelli, Joseph

dates, 1103precision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Caseglass, 6, 2658-2659see also box

Case, Cesar, Netherlands patentee, 1879"Cased Bell Weight" (article by Crawforth), 237"Cased Postal Weights" (article by Crawforth), 422-424"Cased Weights" (article by Crawforth), 1048Cased wts

prohibited, 1048regs, 83see also weight, shape, cased

Casella, Lperson sc mkr, 1716scientific instrument mkr, 1715, 1821steelyard mkr, 1715see also catalogue

Casella, L Pprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Cass, J A, hydrostatic sc mkr, 576Castell, chickpea sc mkr, 421Castinel & Bonnet, roberval sc mkr, 2487Casting wts, 468Castle & lion mark, 1928

see also NorwichCastle in shield, 1959

see also GatesheadCastle in three layers mark, 1960

see also LauncestonCastles three mark, 1928

see also NewcastleCatalogue

Abrahams, A & Co 1855, 1821Accum, Frederick

1804, 18211805, 18211817, 18211819, 1821

Adams, George1753, 18211756, 18211766, 18211769, 18211770, 18211771, 18211772, 18211774, 18211777, 18211782, 18211784, 18211785, 18211787, 18211789, 18211790, 18211791, 18211795, 18211814, 1821

Anderson Tool Co., 2227Angldile Computing Scale Co A, 2131-2136, 2140Angldile Salesman's Handbook, 2140Army & Navy 1907, 16, 237, 1667Aston & Mander Ltd 1910, 1821Avery, W & T

1830, 828, 8351835, 20881849, 1445, 15141850, 16381862, 1515, 34881878, 15151880, 1218, 1449, 1452, 1515, 1644-1646, 1702-

1703, 1838, 25881885, 18391889, 1452, 1645-1646

Avery, W & T Ltd, 1453, 19091894, 851895, 85, 16161897, 11, 115-120, 7941898, 806, 828, 1454, 1457-1458, 1460-1462,

1702-17031900, 851906, 7, 1090-1091, 1098, 1185, 1260, 1451, 1517,

1697, 1702-1703, 18391908, 11841909, 1453, 1647-1648, 18401912, 828, 835, 1706, 2074-20751916, 32, 828, 1453, 1703

Baird & TatlockGlasgow

1885, 18211902, 18211912, 1821

London1897, 18211901, 18211904, 18211906, 18211908, 18211910, 18211911, 18211912, 18211914, 1821

Baldwin Tuthill & Bolton, 1904-1910, 3262Bartlett & Son Ltd 1913, 2940-2941Bausch & Lomb, 1904, 3094, 3096Beach, Thomas n d, 1508, 1513, 2711Becker, F E & Co

1884, 18211900, 18211902, 18211903, 18211905, 18211913, 1821

Becker, Julian H1934, 2183-21841965, 2183

Becker's Sons1919, 65, 21831926-1929, 2598c.1913, 2183c.1932, 843

Bel, August & Co1877, 18211880, 1821

Berkel (n d), 1706Biddle Hardware Co 1910, 1078, 1555Bosch, Gebrûder c.1920, 2167Bourne, Thomas n d, 1508Brady & Martin

1892, 18211900, 1821

Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co 1910, 1821Breithaupt 1835, 1821Breithaupt 1891, 1821Brewer Freres, 3478, 3481Brown & Sharpe Mfg Co 1927, 1702Brunswick Drug Co n d, 2053Buffalo Scale Co 1894, 1696, 1700, 1840, 2053Buffalo Scale Co Inc c 1923, 1840Bunge, Paul 1893, 1821Caille Brothers n d, 1706Carnegie & Layton Ltd 1928, 1707Cary, William

1827, 1821

1832, 1821Casartelli, Joseph 1876, 1821Casella, L

1871, 18211874, 18211875, 18211880, 18211887, 18211895, 18211898, 18211900, 1821

Casella, L P1860, 18211866, 1821

Catalog des Poids Byzantins (n d), 310Central Scientific

1906, 3092, 3093, 30961909, 3093, 30961914, 3093, 30961922, 30921923, 3092, 3093, 3094, 30961937, 3094, 3096

Chatillon, John & Sons1894, 18401904, 15991924, 1249-1250, 1555, 1591-1593, 1840, 22231927, 3095-3096

Chicago Scale Co, 1892, 3457Clark, T & C & Co 1865, 612Clarkes

1865, 6111880, 612

Co-operative Wholesale Society1925, 7331933, 712

Collet, Freres 1855, 1821Crowden & Garrod 1895, 434, 1873Dairymen's Supply Co.1898, 3362-3363, 3365Dancer, J B

1855, 18211873, 18211874, 1821

Day & Millward1861, 16421889, 1451, 1454, 1516, 1636, 1647, 1725-1729,

29631912, 20751924, 1516, 1707, 1709

Defiance Machine Works n d, 2971DeGrave, Short & Co 1910, 2339DeGrave & Co c.1911, 1098Denison, Samuel & Son Co Ltd 1909, 1183, 1532Dollond, George

1825, 18211830, 18211831, 1821

Dring & Fage1870, 18211911, 1821

Eimer & Amend 1894, 2053Eimer & Amend 1927, 3095-3096Elliott, William & Sons 1851, 1821

Elliott Bros1856, 18211860, 18211862, 18211864, 18211867, 18211869, 18211870, 18211872, 18211874, 18211876, 18211879, 18211895, 18211897, 18211899, 1821

Elt, Geo, 413Embden, S van n. d., 1872Excelsior Stove & Mfg 1935-1936, 3236Eyre, John 1758, 1513Fabrik G. Kistler, 1908, 3278Fairbanks, Brown & Co 1865, 2053Fairbanks, Morse & Co 1927, 1701, 1815, 1840Fairbanks & Co

1859, 79, 107, 1247, 1696, 1700, 1807, 1815, 1840, 3092, 3096

1865, 20511880, 1840, 2256-22571882, 2421-24221891, 79, 107-109, 1106, 1840, 2050, 2187, 2257,

23491901, 2525-25291902, 74, 107, 2525-25291904, 1840, 2525-25291906, 1170, 1555, 1701, 1808, 1813, 1815, 2052-

2053, 2525-2529, 30921914, 20531915, 2181918, 3095-30961919, 1814-1815, 1840, 1918, 25821925, 20751927, 1701, 1815, 1840, 2258, 2582

Fairbanks & Co of London c 1915, 1647Fontaine, G 1891, 1821Ford, Whitmore & Brunton n d, 1513Franklin Educational Co, 1899, 3093, 3096Fraser, William 1785, 1821Gage, A P & Son, 1892, 3093, 3096Gallenkamp, A & Co

1900, 18211902, 18211907, 18211911, 1821

George, W & J1900, 18211902, 18211903, 18211905, 18211913, 1821

Gottlieb Kern & Sohn, 1909, 3281Great Exhibition

1851, 10, 1885-18861862, 10

Griffin, J J & Sons Ltd1894, 18211897, 18211899, 18211900, 18211901, 18211902, 18211905, 18211906, 18211907, 18211910, 18211912, 1821c 1913, 757, 2662

Griffin, John J & Co1849, 18211850, 18211852, 1821

Griffin, John J & Sons1861, 18211866, 18211868, 18211873, 18211875, 18211877, 18211884, 18211889, 18211892, 18211893, 1821

Griffin, John Joseph1854, 18211856, 18211858, 18211861, 1821

Griffin, Richard & Co1844, 18211845, 1821

Griffin & George Ltd 1956, 6Gurley, W & L E

1873, 18211878, 18211888, 18211893, 18211895, 18211897, 18211899, 18211905, 18211907, 18211908, 18211909, 18211910, 18211912, 18211914, 1821

Hall, J & Son c 1900, 1648Hanson 1935, 1710Harris, P & Co (1913) Ltd 1914, 1821Harris, Philip & Co

1875, 18211886, 18211889, 18211893, 18211902, 18211903, 1821

Harris, Philip & Co Ltd1906, 18211908, 18211911, 18211912, 1821

Hartner, G c 1913, 1697, 1699-1700, 1707Heil, Henry 1891, 2053Herbert & Sons

1870, 1193, 1197-11981890, 1198

Herbert & Sons Ltd 1910, 1197How, James

1875, 1821c 1860, 1821c 1870, 1821

Howe Scale Co1883, 1840, 1896, 20501885, 20531896, 2421-24221899, 1700-1701, 2421-24221902, 1700-1701, 1840

JaCeM 1939, 923Jackson, Frederick & Co Ltd 1908, 1821Johnson, Clapham & Morris Ltd 1939, 413Jones, William & Samuel

1792, 18211793, 18211795, 18211797, 18211798, 18211801, 18211803, 18211805, 18211810, 18211811, 18211813, 18211814, 18211815, 18211817, 18211818, 18211825, 18211826, 18211830, 18211831, 18211836, 18211837, 18211838, 18211843, 18211850, 18211855, 1821

Jones of Binghamton, 562, 1840, 2350Kern, Gottlieb (date?), 1173Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn

1900, 8051933, 868, 1076, 2530

Knight, Richard & George1811, 18211816, 18211834, 1821

Knott, L E, 1916, 3095-3096Kohlbusch, Herman 1902, 1643, 1940, 2525-2529Krups, Robert 1905, 1872-1873, 1876

Kuhl Poultry Equipment Co, 1959, 3258Langley & Michaels Co 1897, 2049, 2053, 2185Maiben, Joseph M & Co 1913, 1821Mardon, A H 1902, 1697, 1698Martin, Benjamin

1761, 18211768, 18211780, 1821

Maul, Philipp Jakob1909, 1649-1655, 1699-1700, 1933, 33231912, 1656-1657

McKesson & Robbins 1883, 2186-2187Montgomery Wards 1962, 3334Münz-Waagen & Gewichte 1976, 64Negretti & Zambra

1859, 18221864, 18221871, 18221874, 18221878, 18221885, 18221900, 1822

Nemetz, Guiseppe 1885, 1822Newark Scale Works 1937, 3095-3096Newark Scale Works 1945, 3095-3096Newman, J n d, 1519Newman, John

1822, 18221827, 18221836, 18221837, 18221845, 1822

Norvell-Shapleigh Hardware Co 1903, 1805-1807, 1811-1812, 1815, 1863, 2000, 2222-2223

Oertling, Ludwig1880, 2260-22611885, 1822, 27891891, 2260, 2262, 27891909, 27911932, 2263-2265

Parnall1889, 1452, 14541901, 1456-1457

Parnall & Sons Ltd 1901, 1456, 1458, 1645Paul, Robert W

1892, 18221896, 18221898, 18221903, 18221904, 18221912, 18221913, 18221914, 1822

Pelouze 1911, 1673Perry, James & Co, 1871, 3183Pixii, N C

1832, 18221833, 1822

Pixii, père & fils1835, 18221838, 18221842, 1822

1845, 18221849, 1822

Pooley & Son1859, 702c.1877, 728

Pooley & Son Ltd1902, 16451907, 2349

Pye, W G & Co1903, 18221909, 18221911, 18221914, 1822

Queen, James W & Co1856, 18221860, 18221862, 18221867, 18221868, 18221870, 18221871, 18221872, 18221873, 18221874, 18221875, 18221876, 18221877, 18221878, 18221880, 18221881, 18221882, 18221883, 18221884, 18221886, 18221887, 18221888, 18221889, 18221890, 18221891, 18221892, 18221893, 18221894, 1822

Queen & Co1890, 18221893, 18221895, 18221897, 18221898, 1822

Reeves, W & Co 1914, 1822Reynolds & Branson 1893, 1822Reynolds & Branson Ltd

1900, 18221914, 1822

Robinson, Thomas Charles1828, 18221829, 18221842, 1822

Salter1869, 5451877, 545, 18741886, 545, 33681893, 547-551, 1451-1452, 1704, 1874

1898, 33681904, 5361912, 547, 925, 20731924, 5451933, 413, 5451948, 5451955, 413, 545, 925, 19841962, 545, 19841966, 413-414, 545

Sartorius1896, 25981933, 25981952, 2547

Sauter, August c.1925, 806Schember, C & Sohne 1888, 1699Sears

Roebuck & Co1900, 32431908, 1877-18781927, 1878

Siddons, J & J 1924, 1097, 1184Special Exhibition of Scientific Apparatus 1876, 2264-

2265Springer Torsion Balance Co 1894, 998-999, 1001Standley, Belcher & Mason 1902, 1822Steinfeldt & Blasberg c 1892, 1641Stubs, Peter n d, 1513Thomas, Arthur H, 1906, 3095-3096Tiffany Studios 1920, 2633Toledo n d, 1706Torsion Balance Co

1915, 20531922, 2613

Townson & Mercer1874, 18221878, 18221880, 18221884, 18221888, 18221892, 18221895, 18221901, 18221906, 18221908, 18221912, 1822

Townson & Mercer Ltd 1914, 1822Triner Scale & Mfg Co 1910, 1248Troemner, Henry

1890, 3093, 30961899, 1939, 2051, 2525-25291904, 2525-25291909, 2525-25291912, 2525-25291913, 30921919, 3095-30961920, 2525-25291921, 17011926, 413, 416, 1643, 1701, 2525-2529, 2655, 26621930, 1930, 1936, 2525-25291941, 1250, 1930, 1931

Troughton & Simms1829, 1822

1834, 18221836, 18221837, 18221840, 18221842, 18221844, 18221852, 18221864, 18221889, 18221898, 18221900, 18221908, 18221909, 1822

Ubrig, E & Co 1892, 1439, 1706, 1890, 1909-1910Vandome, Titfords & Co c 1912, 1703Vandome & Hart Ltd c 1935, 1690, 1704von der Nahmer, A 1913, 2240-2242Waterlow & Sons

1861, 2998-29991908, 3004-3005

Watkins & Hill1828, 18221832, 18221836, 18221838, 18221845, 1822

Welch, W M Mfg Co, 1915-1916, 3094, 3096White, J & Son 1920, 3343Wooley, James Sons & Co, 1891, 1822Wooley, James Sons & Co Ltd 1911, 1822Wright, Alexander & Co 1906, 1822Yeates & Son

1877, 18221880, 18221883, 18221887, 1822

Zimmerman, A & M1877, 18221880, 1822

see also auction catalogue; exhibition catalogue; journal; museum catalogues

Cataloguing a CollectionFrench method, 1387Mollan method, 1753

"Cataloguing a Collection" (article by Crawforth), 145-148Catch

double button, 1011one button, 1394strap with wriggle-work, 1549twisted strap, 1380, 1382two button, 1353-1358, 1377, 1380, 1382, 1549

Catenot, Béranger & Cie, 2480coin operated sc mkr, 2451

Catenot, Elisa, 2451coin operated sc patentee, 2451

Catenot, first husband of Catenot, Widow, 1664Catenot, son-in-law of Béranger, Joseph, 1664Catenot, successor of Béranger, Joseph, 1664Catenot, Widow

daughter of Béranger, Joseph, 1664first husband Catenot, 1664second husband Trayvou, 1664

succeeded by Trayvou, 1664successor of Catenot-Béranger, 1664

Catenot-BérangerFrench sc mkr, 1664succeeded by Catenot, Widow, 1664successor of Béranger & Cie, 1664

Catherwoodcoin sc mkr, 1340-1341ducat sc mkr, 1340-1341rocker mkr, 1340-1341

Cattell, Robertapprentice of Read, Samuel, 1735dates, 1735master of Kirby, Thomas, 1735

Cattle, sc mkr, 3087Cattle, Bennet, ccd mkr, 272-273Cattle, John, 2899cattle breeding, 3360

to produce butter fat, 3360"Caught Short" (article by Wormser), 32-34Caveat Emptor (Buyer Beware), 683-691

definition, 2036"Caveat Emptor" (or Buyer Beware) (article by Crawforth),

38-39, 144Cavendish, bal mkr, 2655-2656Cavendish, H, scientist, 327-331Cawood, Wistow & Otley, 1929, 1971

inspector Dawson, James, 1971mark, 1930

Ccdarticle, 264-277, 759-764, 786-788, 818-820, 840-842,

874-876, 902-904, 930-932, 962-964, 1018-1020, 1177-1181, 2058-2066, 2272-2279, 2411-2412, 2759-2765, 2818

bank, 66, 991, 1019based on noise, 841bender, 841bismar, 931clip-on poise, 1618cruciform rocker, 190-191, 1561, 1613definition, 195equal-arm, 2759galvanic, 903grain wts, 273hinged beam, 1618hydraulic, 963lira & half-lira, 1616moving load, 13-15, 78, 754, 759, 763-764, 786, 990,

1034multi-beam, 273-274, 717one coin, 1123pendulum, 269, 990rocker, 12-15, 235, 238, 269-277, 307, 445, 621, 754-

764, 787, 820, 840-842, 874-876, 895, 902-904, 947, 962-963, 990, 1018-1019, 1034, 1177-1181, 1825, 2059-2066, 2272-2279, 2759, 2818, 2899

rocker with multiple weight inserts, 2818rocker with two sets feet, 761-763, 848silver coin, 273-274with sliding poise, 2063sliding poise for pfennigs lost, 1619-1620

spirit level, 1619-1620spring, 962, 1020steelyard, 13, 818-820, 841, 930-931see also coin gauge; hydrostatical sc

Ccd & postal sc, 848, 964Ccd mkr

Allender, John, 13, 760, 786, 960Avery, 717, 1180Avery, W & T, 717, 1616Avery, W & T Ltd, 1180, 1616Bernstein, Aaron David, 2063Bernstein, Alex & Co, 66, 1179, 2272-2279Berrian Mfg Co, 840, 848, 1034Bierstedt, Eugen, 1179Blews, William, 1508Bourn, 272Bragin, 875, 1019Cattle, Bennet, 273Chatillon, John & Sons, 754Davis, George, 269, 274, 276, 1179-1180Dye, John S, 874, 962Etalon, 445Fairbanks & Co, 15, 18, 78Fairbanks & Ewing, 763Fairbanks Infallible Scale Co, 15, 759, 962Favorit, 445Fawcet & Butterworth, 273, 275Greaves, Edward, 16Greaves, John & Son, 16, 235-238Harris, William & Co, 275Harris & Co, 274, 1034Harrison, 287, 365, 446, 1034Helliwell, 621Herper, F J, 819Hoag, G, 14, 930, 932Imlay & Bicknell, 764Infallible Coin Scale Co, 762, 962Lort, John, 1825M B Coin Scale Co, 760Maranville, H, 13-14, 763Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1614-1622, 2272-2273McNally, J T, 962McNally & Harrison, 15, 2059Meyer & Co, 764, 2763-2765Meyers, F & Co, 2763-2765Mordan, S & Co, 947, 949Mordan, Sampson & Co, 1684Painter, W, 820Reitze, August, 1177-1181, 2275Simmons, 621Staples, C D, 818Stubbs, B, 1027Sutton, J W, 875, 904Tabberer, William, 1725Taylor, William II, 1508Thompson, J A, 14, 761Winfield, R W, 11-12, 235

Ccd nationalityAmerican, 2759-2765

see also American, ccdBritish, 11-12, 16, 235-238, 269-276, 287, 365, 446,

621, 717, 764, 947, 949, 1027, 1034, 1179-

1180, 1508, 1616, 1684, 1725, 2759, 2899English for Spain, 1616French, 445German, 445, 1177-1181, 1614-1622, 2272-2279Greek, 190Irish, 1825Prussian, 1177Spanish, 307, 445Turkish, 190

Ccd patenteeAllender, J, 13, 78-79Allender, John, 13, 78-79, 2761-2765Andrew, J, 276Atwater, J B, 963Bachmann, E, 964Benetfink & Co, 1180Bernstein, A, 842Berrian, 754Bragin, L, 875, 1018Clark, M, 963Clarke & Spinks, 276Cummings, D, 841Davis, George, 269-270, 276, 597, 717, 1179, 1748Doherty, P, 874, 876Ellinckhausen, 2763Field, S A, 930Finch, F E, 1019Haas, W W, 991Hoag, G, 14, 15Hopkins, George M, 841Howard, George, 2762-2763Howard, K & G, 2761-2763Knight, E, 990Kronenberg, 763Leuders, E, 931Maranville, H, 13-14, 763, 818, 820McNally, J T & Harrison, W H, 15, 962, 2059Meyer, 2763Meyers, Frederick, 2764Moore, T, 2759-2760Parnell, W H, 1019Porter, T I, 1018Purnelle, E C, 990Reitze, August, 1177-1181, 2275Richtmann, C, 990Riess, R W, 275-276, 992Robinson, H G, 13Robinson, W H, 1020Saddler, M D, 1020Savoure, J P, 274-276, 400Smith, G & Wells, J J, 962Smith, Gideon B, 13, 787Snider, W N, 2761Street, E, 931Sutton, J W, 875Sydney, S, 276Sydney S, 276Thompson, J A, 14-15, 761, 840, 876, 931, 1018Towsey, T J, 841Treff, Kelman, 307Wedderburn, J, 275-276Wiarda, J, 875

Wilkinson, Anthony, 2760Ccd retailer, Herbert & Sons, 1748"Celebrity Inventors" (article by Willard), 2844Celluloid, graduation chart, 1669Celtic wts, 1074Census

Products of Industry(1870), 3200US, 3200

Census information, use for research, 2890Cental see weights, denomination, centalCentavos (Spanish coinage), 307Centesimal sc

mkrBéranger et Maag, 1664Merlin, John Joseph, 887Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 886, 888Sanctorius, 887

Centner see weights, denomination, metricCentral Office of the Dutch Post, 3267

January 1870circular of, 3267providing scales to post officies, 3267-3268

Central Scientificmkr Harvard Trip Scale, 3092trip sc mkr, 3092-3093

Ceratonia siliqua, 2447Ceylon see Sri LankaCFS

definition, 192see also box, CFS

Chain, long rods, 1545Chain bal

inventor, Serrin, V, 620yarn, 1176

Chain balance, definition, 192-193Chainomatic

patentee, Becker, Christopher A, 620, 1002precision bal, 6, 620, 1002, 3020

mkr, Rhone-Poulenc, 620precision balance, definition, 620

Chains, cleaning, 1235Chaldecott, J A, 2248Challis, Dr, 2444Chamberlain, Daven, biography, 3080Chamberlain's

"Further Paper Scales and Balances" (article), 3269-3273

"Portable Plastic Paper Balance from 1960s"(article), 3505

"Supplementary Notes on Paper Scales" (article), 3077-3080, 3273

Chambers see Gaskell & Chambers LtdChambers, Trevor, biography, 3504Chambers & Mapletoft's, "Not for Weighing!!" (article),

3499-3504Chameroy, coin operated sc patentee, 2451Champion, Phillip

apprentice of Tadloo, Joseph, 1733dates, 1733

Champion Egg sc see Carlstedt Mfg CoChancellor, Thomas

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729coin sc mkr, 1729

dates, 1730master of Price, Richard, 1730partner of Vincent, James, 1733same address as Chandler, Thomas, 1730

Chandlee & Chandleepatent attorneys, 2914-2916

advert, 2914Certificate of patentability, 2914

Chandler, C F, Prof., NY School of Mines, 2530Chandler, E C, patentee, 671Chandler, Thomas

dates, 1730master of Grove, Thomas, 1734same address as Chancellor, Thomas, 1730

Chaney, Henry Jauthor, 1044, 2077, 2081superintendent of Standards Dept, 2077-2082

Chapman, Professor S., biography, 2271Chapman's, "Comment on Pitrat" (article), 2271Chappell, G, patentee, 596"Charles Dickens' Scale" (article by Weiss), 838-839Charles I of GB

abolished square wts, 1010coin wts, 216, 882, 968, 985, 1012, 1014, 1043coinage, 914, 985, 987, 1012monarch's mark, 20

Charles II of GBcoin wts, 461, 1041coinage, 461, 914, 1040regulations for markets, 730weighed on steelyard, 15

Charpentieradjuster to Banque de France, 1623adjuster to Tresor de la Couronne, 1623trade card, 1623

Chartdefinition, 192graticule, 5horizontal fan, 2227-2230

description of, 2228-2229optical, 5

Chatillonarticle by Lindeyer & Crawforth, 1556-1560, 1591-

1601spring bal mkr, 88, 333-338, 417, 447-452, 1249-1250,

1555Chatillon, John, advert, 2553Chatillon, John & Sons

3 star, 1597American sc mkr, 333-338, 417, 447-452, 1282-1283,

1555, 1705, 2610baby sc mkr, 333, 335, 338, 1600bakers sc mkr, 1592-1593butchers sc mkr, 1591cake sc mkr, 1591candlestick sc mkr, 405, 407, 1558, 3130-3131candy sc mkr, 1591ccd mkr, 754, 760coal sc mkr, 333counter sc mkr, 450, 452egg sc mkr, 416-417, 1282-1283, 1601Eureka, 1557

family sc mkr, 1597fish sc mkr, 451grocers sc mkr, 1592hide sc mkr, 1596ice sc mkr, 1595, 1597kitchen sc mkr, 333-335, 1249, 1558-1559milk sc mkr, 88Old Advert, 754paper sc mkr, 1704-1705patentee, 1557, 1594-1596person sc mkr, 450platform sc mkr, 333, 1592postal sc mkr, 405, 407, 1556, 1558pot plate, 1463roberval sc mkr, 452, 1556spring bal mkr, 88, 333-338, 417, 447-452, 1249-1250,

1555-1560, 1591-1601, 1705steelyard mkr, 334, 1556, 1593tea sc mkr, 1556, 1592trade card, 754, 760trade counter sc, 1557trip sc mkr, 1591union sc mkr, 1592waggon sc mkr (for use on), 1596weights mkr, 1593see also catalogue

Chatillon, John & Sons (article), 333-338, 447-452, 1556-1560

Chatillon & Son Inc, 88candy scale mkr, 2101milk sc mkr, 88patentee, 88spring bal mkr, 88

Chatillon factory, 3160Chattillon, John & Sons see Chatillon, John & SonsCheapside, 1745Cheat bread, 1052Cheating, 33, 852-855, 865, 1182-1188Check see StayChecking sc, 1200Cheeks see ShearsCheese cutter, Stimpson Computing Scale Co, 3246Cheese sc

pot, 1452semi-self indicating, 8

Cheeseman's, "Comment on a Union Sc" (article), 1837-1838

Cheesemongers scmkr

Beach, Thomas, 1545Herbert & Sons, 1743Parnall & Sons, 1456

Chellingworth, Gerry, collector, 2920Chellingworth's, "P Poncia Rocker" (article), 2777Chemical bal, 3-6, 171, 479, 1719, 2353

definition, 3, 6pendulum, 283, 559, 1076roberval, 1101see also precision bal

Chemical bal mkrBecker, 281Brander, G F, 573, 604-605, 607

Bunge, 3, 5Bunge, Paul, 5Griffin & Tatlock Ltd, 479Maul, Philipp Jakob, 559, 1076Rictus trademark of Maul, Philipp Jakob, 559Sauter, 5Troemner, Henry, 1101

Chemical bal retailer, Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 1076Chemical sc, mkr, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 559, 1076Chemin

C-spring mkr, 1867spring bal mkr, 1867

Chemin à Paris, C-spring mkr, 1867Chemists sc

mkr, Fairbanks & Co, 107see also apothecary sc

Cherub see puttoCherub decoration, 957Cheshire, Pooley & Co, 91Cheshire, Thomas

dates, 91, 638inspectors bal, 91, 115, 1586

Cheshire, Thomas & Co, wts, 638Chester (C dagger C mark), 1927Cheville, pere, C-spring mkr, 1875Chicago, population 1850, 3360Chicago Recording Sc Co., 2459Chicago Scale Co, 3433-3434, 3455-3460

addresses, 3459advertisement, 3455-3458advertising cover, 3460catalog, 3459dates, 3459history, 3459Little Detective, 3433-3434

advertisement, 3455-3457magazine marketing for, 3456selling Buffalo scales, 3459selling Chatillon scales, 3459selling Fairbanks scales, 3459selling other items, 3459selling Troemner scales, 3459selling Turnbull scales, 3459

Chichelye, banned bismar, 1327Chickpea Scales, 420-421, 2584, 2852-2853"Chickpea Scales" (article by Berastegui), 420-421Chigi see steelyardChilds, Ezekiel, 2372China, box, 1453"China" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 1443-1455China wts see Weights, material, earthenwareChinese

coin sc, 55-59, 1497-1498coinage, 56

kesj, 56concave wts see Weights, nationalityculture, 2147do'tchin, steelyard, 56-60, 157, 225, 926do'tchin invention, 1852do'tchin making, 225gold sc, 156, 158gold sc for U S, 156

weights, 2149Chinthe wts

article, 347-352see also weight, shape

Chirlandaio's painting, Saint Michael, 746Chisholm (author), 2082Chisholm, H W, 2261, 2263-2264, 2265

Warden of the Standards, 2261Chisholme, James

apothecary sc mkr, 1738apprentice of Holt, William, 1738partner of Bather, George, 1738at same address as Leake, George, 1739successor of Chisholme & Bather, 1738

Chisholme & BatherChisholme, James & Bather, George, 1738succeeded by Bather, George, 1738succeeded by Chisholme, James, 1738

Chisholm'sOn the Science of Weighing & Measuring & Standards

of Measures & Weights (1877), 2092Seventh Report of the Warden of the Standards (1873),

2108Weighing & Measuring (review), 187

Chislet mine, 3031-3032Chisman

coin sc mkr, 1724dates, 1724watch mkr, 1724

Chondrometer see Grain scChristie's Auction, 2453Christofle

date, 198, 1676French sc mkr, 220, 1676pendulum sc mkr, 1676postal sc mkr, 198, 219-220, 1676sc retailed by Asprey, 1676

Christ's Hospital, 1583, 1741, 1747Christus,Petrus

dates, 3453-3454Flemish painter, 3453-3454

Church, Stephenapprentice of Court, Richard II, 1738dates, 1738

Churchill, Winston, 3031Cigar sc, mkr, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1659Circular arrestment, 2593

devised by Arzberger, 2593first published by Mendeleev, 2593see also radial arrestment

"Circular Radial Arrestment 1888-1965" (article by Holtman), 2598, 2607

Circular spring balance, 3179Cire perdu process, 348City Diectories, use for research, 2890City of Cork (C C mark on wts), 1759City of Dublin (C D mark on wts), 1759City of London

dagger, inspectors mark, 856inspectors mark, 1982mediaeval weighing practices, 2016

Civilization

ancientAndean, 2903Chinese, 2903, 2911Egyptian, 2903, 2911Indus, 2903, 2911Pruvian, 2903, 2911

Mesopotamian, 2903, 2911Clais, Johann Sebastian

address next to Anscheutz & Schlaff, 1886collaborating with Anscheutz & Schlaff, 1724Index bal, patent, 610patentee, 270, 276, 573, 597, 606-607, 1724pendulum sc designer, 1073

Claridge, Christopherdates, 1737son of Claridge, Richard, 1737successor of Claridge, Richard, 1737

Claridge, Richardapprentice of Wood, John I, 1732dates, 1732father of Claridge, Christopher, 1737master of Redhead, John, 1737succeeded by Claridge, Christopher, 1737

Clark see Landers, Frary & ClarkClark, A M, patent agent, 509Clark, Edward

apprentice of Sleigh, Richard I, 1739apprentice of Thompson, Daniel, 1731

Clark, M, American patentee, 963Clark, S, wts, 638Clark, T & C, wts, 638Clark, T & C & Co

dates, 638see also catalogue

Clark, T & C & Co Ltd, 613Clark, W, patent agent, 454Clark, W R, patentee see Gilmore & ClarkClark, William

apprentice of Lind, John, 1732dates, 1732sc mkr, 3091

Clark, William II, apprentice of Anderson, James Andrew, 1738

Clarke see Snart & ClarkeClarke, J & I

date, 1759trade sc mkr, 1759

Clarke, Richardapprentice of Read, Samuel, 1729sc mkr, 1729

Clarke & Spinks, ccd patentee, 276Clarkes

wts, 611-613see also catalogue

Class A, sensitivity, 67, 1593Class A B & C

definition, 67, 193, 958on sc, 67

Class 1, definition, 1424Class 1 2 & 3, definition, 1424, 1459Class 2 weighing, 2198, 2212Class B, sensitivity, 67, 1593

Class C, sensitivity, 67, 1593Class I II III & IIII, regs, 1456Classification of sc (article), 1456-1462Classifying machines, 103-104, 114Claw, 795, 1075, 1212

velvet-covered, 1212Clawson, Clement C, 2426-2427Clawson Machine Co, 2426-2427Clay, A B, patentee, 671Clayton, Dr Frederick

cloth sc mkr, 1170-1171dates, 1759

Clayton, F & J, yarn sc retailer, 1760Clayton, F & Sons, yarn sc retailer, 1760Clayton, M G see Bevis & ClaytonClayton, Thomas, 2446"Clean, Repair, Polish" (article by Govier), 3155-3161Cleaning, brass, 3036, 3156"Cleaning: A Dealer's Viewpoint" (article by Sowrey),

3283-3284Cleaning sc

(article by Crawforth), 1203-1210, 1234-1240, 1265-1272

(article by Govier), 3035, 3155-3161(article by Lound), 3036

Cleaning scales, 265-1272, 1203-1210, 1234-1240, 3035-3036, 3155-3161

"Clearance of the Postmuseum" (article by Kok), 3267-3269

Clemson, Williamapprentice of Wood, Robert, 1732dates, 1732sc mkr, 3086, 3090succeeded by Clemson, William & Son, 1732

Clemson, William & Sondates, 1732sc & wts mkr, 1732successor of Clemson, William, 1732

Clerk of the Market, 44, 730, 1398Clifford Wood Co., 2221

see also Gifford Wood Co.Clipping, 264, 495, 880, 1303Clock-shaped postal sc, 1255Clockmakers Company, 1074, 1724Cloffe allowance, 2016-2017"Close Finnish" (article by Knights), 1240-1244Cloth die, 1171Cloth sc

article by Crawforth, 1143-1150, 1168-1176equal-arm, 1124, 1171-1174glass flexing, 1168mkr

Casartelli, 1168Exupere, L, 1169Fairbanks & Co, 1169Kern, Gottlieb, 1173Lord Horatio, 1172

nationalityAmerican, 1169British, 1168, 1172French, 1169German, 1173

pendulum, 1168spring, 1168steelyard, 1169see also yarn bal

Cloth template, 1168, 1171Clothworkers Co Guild, 1727Clove, definition, 2018Clover, four-leaved, mkrs mark, 1379Clupka, D J, weigh scoop patentee, 492Co Ed, mark on wts, 69Co-operative Wholesale Society

bankers' scale made by, 2935bankers' scale made for, 2901-2902dates, 2935mfg of food & dry goods, 2935supplier for Avery scales, 2935supplier for Berkel scales, 2935supplier for Herberts scales, 2935supplier for Salters scales, 2935see also catalogue; "Corrections & Clarification"

Co Ork, mark on wts, 1345Co Ww, mark on wts, 122Coal, penalties for short wt, 1182Coal sc

articles, 32-34, 130-133, 3418-3419, 3435deadweight, 131, 133, 976inverted roberval, 132-133, 1196mkr

Avery, W & T, 32, 975Avery, W & T Ltd, 130-133, 853, 974-976Burchfield, Thomas, 35Chatillon, John & Sons, 333Davis, A B & Co, 785Fairbanks & Co, 76, 86, 992Herbert & Sons, 1196, 1725-1727Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 854Poupard, Thomas James, 1737Salter, 3418-3419, 3435

platform steelyard, 32, 131-133, 221portable machine, 853roberval, 35, 853single-lever scoop, 976single lever steelyard, 312, 974, 976steelyard, 853

coal scaleSalter, 3418-3419, 3435spring balance, 3418-3419, 3435

Coalbrookdale Codates, 638wts, 638

Coast Agencies, egg sc retailer, 1315Coathupe (author), 1876Cob, Irish name for reale, 1848Cochran, J Edward

dates, 2131-2140Dundee, IL, 2134Elkhart, IN, 2134inventor, 2131patentee, 2134patents, 2131-2140West Pullman, IL, 2131

Cochran, Joseph W, 2134

lumberman, 2137Cochran, Percy, 2134Cock see PointerCocker, H H see Albinson, J H & Cocker, H HCocket bread, 1052Cocking scale, definition, 193cockle-shell weights see cockleshell weightscockleshell weights, 3201-3206

from Caesarea Maritima, 3201-3206dating of, 3202decoration of, 3204description of, 3202-3204form of, 3202-3204lead, 3201-3206mass distribution of, 3202mass of, 3202production of, 3202-3204purpose of, 3205site map, 3201sites found, 3201size of, 3202-3204see also Cardiidae

Cocksedge & Cobread, sc mkr, 1089succeeded by Warmisham, Cocksedge & Co, 1733

Cocoa bean sc, mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544Cocoa sc

mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544spring, 544

Coffee pot, mark on coin wts see Founders CoCoffee sc

mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544spring, 544

Coffill, Joseph Taylor, 2407Cohn, E, spring bal retailer, 1439Cohn's

ASCO (query), 2157"Making Sc" (article), 333-338, 447-452"New York Assay Office" (article), 531"Redeeming Trade Dollars" (article), 648-649"Salt Steelyard" (article), 2403-2404Troemner (query), 1643"Wardmote Inquest" (article), 729-730"Weighing in India, 1733" (article), 2414-2415

Coindenomination

Forint, 3040Korona, 3040Prinsendaalder, 3217Testoon, 3218

Coin & postal scrocker, 2060steelyard, 1681

Coin clipping, 2446Coin form wts see weight, shape, monetiformCoin-freed sc, person, see also coin-freed sc; coin-operated

sc; scale, coin operatedCoin-freed scale, definition, 193"Coin-freed Weighing Machines from 1884-1940" (paper

by Kinmonth), 1705-1712Coin gauge, 270, 841, 875

mkr, Fawcet & Butterworth, 273, 275

see also GaugeCoin-operated, American, 1710-1712Coin-operated machine, Saddler, M D, 1020Coin operated pendulum sc, 1629Coin operated person sc, 717, 3144

see also American Weigh; person scCoin-operated sc

agent, National Weighing Machine Co, 2428-2429big head, 2457-2461, 2496country

Britain, 2451, 2493France, 2451, 2454-2455, 2493, 2495Germany, 2395, 2451, 2454Italy, 2496US, 2451, 2457-2463, 3144

German, ticket issuing, 2532lollipop, 2496maker

Avery, 2451, 2493Avery, W & T Ltd., 2493-2494BAC, 2496British Automatic Co., 2496Caille, 2430, 2459Caille Brothers, 2459Carnegie & Leyton, 2495Catenot, 2451Chicago Recording Co, 2430-2431Chicago Recording Scale Co, 2459Clawson Machine Co., 2426-2427Columbus, 2425-2426Day & Millward, 2495De Vilbiss Scale Co., 2460Fairbanks, 2423-2426, 2428Fey, 2460, 2496Gem, 2496Hanin, 2451Hartner, 2494-2495Howe, 2424Jennings, 2462Lincoln Scale Co, 3144Merlin, 2451Mettez & Cie, 2435Mills, 2459Moore Talking Scale, Co, 2459National Automatic Weighing Machine Co., 2457National Novelty Co, 2431Pacific Scale Works, 2461Pooley, Henry & Sons, 2493-2494Public Scale, 2430, 2461Reimann, 2454-2456Rosenfield Manufacturing Co., 2458SAFAA, 2495Salter, 2354, 2424, 2494Seitz Werke, 2532Siebe, 2451Toledo Scale Co., 2459-2460Ubrig, 2455-2456US Machine & Invention Co., 2426-2427US Machine & Inventions Co., 2453Watling, 2459-2460, 2462Weeks, 2425-2426

operator, Manhattan Introduction Co, 2430-2431

patenteeAlliott, 2451Amet, 2430Baldwin, 2431, 2457Béranger, 2451Catenot, 2451Chameroy, 2451Colby, 2457-2458Crane, 2462Davenport, 2424De Vilbiss, 2460Debac, 2451Everitt, 2423-2424, 2452Faure, 2457Fey, 2461Goddard, 2451Hanin, 2451Herrmann, 2451Hodgson, 2452Lafargue, 2452Lamont, 2452Lancaster, 2457Marc, 2453, 2455Martini, 2452Murdoch, 2451Napier, 2451-2452Reimann, 2454-2456Rosenfield, 2458, 2460Schneekloth, 2457Smith, 2457Stead, 2452Tatters, 2451Ubrig, 2455-2456Washburn, 2457Watling, 2462Weber, 2457Williams, 2452

person, 980, 2392, 2423-2436, 2451-2463, 2532see also scale, coin operated

"Coin Operated Scales, Catalog # 18" (review), 2392"Coin or Bullion Weights" (query from Pomer), 2224Coin sc

(article), 1549-1552, 1778-1785, 1818-1819, 1879-1881, 2995-2997, 3040, 3220-3229, 3409-3413, 3491-3498

1700s style, 1780aluminium, 3403bismar, 236, 321, 992, 1303book on, 2891-2894, 3040boxes, 2395

bentwood, 2398Berlin, 2395black-japanned, 2395Dutch, 2399ivory, 3413morocco leather, 3491oval japanned, 178, 1502-1503, 2537round-ended, 2398

brass, 2359, 3491-3498counting, 991cruciform, 190-191do'tchin, 55-59, 227-228, 325

double ducat, 541equal arm, 11, 16, 26-31, 41, 49, 53-55, 61-65, 160,

178, 205-215, 282, 457, 495, 814-817, 988, 1040, 1067, 1101, 1104, 1352-1356, 1497, 1749-1769, 3209-3210, 3220-3229

equal arm early style, 1352equal arm pillar, 437folding, 200, 231, 274, 313, 457-458, 502, 508, 627,

672-673, 1028, 1082-1083, 1126, 1624-1626, 1827-1828, 1847, 1941-1942, 2224, 2405-2406, 3409-3413

instructions for use, 2224see also folding gold bal

Hungarian ducat, 228, 541, 575-576hydrostatical, 256, 261-262, 270, 299-303, 1303, 1494-

1495, 1684japanned metal box, 178, 197, 458, 1082-1083knipwaage, 1897-1900mass-stabilised, 233mkr

A W see Wilkinson, AnthonyAbdy, William, 503-504Adams, George, 1310Aeckersberg, Johann Peter, 30, 63-65Aeckersberg, Johann Wilhelm, 30, 63Albertoni, Antonio, 2359Allmond, George, 1729Amos, John & Parkes, William, 1508Anscheutz & Co see Anscheutz & SchlaffAnscheutz & Schlaff, 269, 597, 607, 1300, 1684,

1760, 1850-1851Archdall, William, 1758Arstall, 2009Arstall, William, 2001, 2009, 3413Astill, Susannah, 242Astill, William, 242Astill & Partridge, 1732Astill & Payne, 1732Austin, Aaron, 499, 500Backer, J de, 2866Badcock, William Geagle, 246Balden, Joseph I, 1508Balden, Joseph Sr., 1508Barnard, 2519Bartlett, John, 1732Bate, Richard, 211-212Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787Bate & Co, 1736Batist, 2894Bayley, Michael, 3019Beach, Thomas, 1508-1509Bell, George, 1625Bell, Hamlet, 200, 502-503, 1624-1626Bell, Hamlet & Co, 502, 1827Berg, Johann Daniel vom, 28, 30, 63-64, 2894Bergé, Jacques, 2519Blackburn, John, 248, 1398Blackman, Solomon, 1735Blades, Tristram, 1730Blanc, Jacques, 2519, 2893Bradford, Darby & Hulls, 268, 1303Braselmann, August, 30, 63

Braselmann, Johann Peter, 30, 62Briais, Narcissé, 147, 332Brind, William, 16, 22, 205-206, 211, 214, 246-

248, 1938Brooksby, Elizabeth, 214, 1396Brooksby, Thomas I, 212-214, 1069, 1396Brooksby, Thomas II, 212-214, 1735Brown, Isaac, 427, 1413-1420, 1725Brown, Isaac & Son, 1419Brown, Richard & Sons, 1028Brunel, Joannès, 2519Bullock, William, 1737C S see Sommers, CharlesC W see coin sc, mkr, Ward, Callingwood; Ward,

CallingwoodCatherwood, 1340-1341Catlinetti, Giovanni, 2358-2360Cattle, Bennet, 272-273Chadet, Jean-Pierre, 2519Champy, Pierre, 2519Chancellor, Thomas, 1729Charreton, Jean, 2519Chisman, 1724Clot, Mathieu & Pallais, Pierre, 2519Cooke, J & Sons, 199Cooper, E, 1477Corvay, François, 2519Court, Alice, 242Court, Richard I, 242Court, Richard II, 242Craig, Michael, 1760Croome, Thomas, 207, 1291Crosby, Daniel, 1750Crosby, Daniel I, 1761Crosby, Daniel II, 1760Damiani, Antonio, 1101, 2893Darby, Richard & Co see Bradford, Darby & HullsDassin, Pierre, 2519Daussone, Claude, 2519Davies, Joseph, 1508Davis, John, 1508Day, William Chambers, 810de la Bouchardière, Gabriel, 2519de Neve, Guilliam, 2726Deane, John, 207Dearsly, Thomas, 1740Deblois, Lewis, 356Degrave, Charles I, 207, 242, 246-247Degrave, Charles II, 242Degrave, Mary, 242Degrave & Son, 2224Deinert, Paulus, 541-542, 575Dorsman, Paulus, 850Dutton, James, 1729Dutton & Smith, 1733Edley, William, 1725Ellinghaus, Johann Daniel, 30, 63Exo, 3403Fairbanks & Co, 108Farriols, 2893Fischer, Johann, 63Fletcher, 1847

Ford, Richard, 1508Forsthoff, Johann Wilhelm, 27, 30, 61, 63-64Franting, Henry Neale, 3019Freeman, Rebecca, 242Freeman, Robotta, erroneous entry, 242Freeman, Samuel, 3019Freeman, Samuel I, 242Freeman, Samuel II, 242, 391-392Freeman, Samuel III, 592Freeman & New, 1395Freeman & Son, 1498Freeman & Sons, 1498French, Robert, 1502-1503, 1508Frodsham, William, 1724Gable, Thomas, 388Gale, William, 245-246Galot, Isaac, 2519Garcin, Paul, 2519Gatchell, Samuel, 1769Gatchell, Samuel & Sons, 502George, St, 1607Gibson, Elizabeth, 214-215, 1396Gibson, Thomas, 213-215, 1396Gibson & Sommers, 215, 1296Goodman, John, 1729Goulding, Thomas, 1140Gowers, Weston, 1731, 1782Grand, Barthélémy, 2519Gray, Francis, 556Greppi, Bartolomeo, 2359-2360Grobet, Jean, 2519Grosset, Flury, 2519Grosset, Jean, 2519Grosset, Laurens, 2519, 2893Hand, Ephraim, 1783, 1801Hane, Peter Caspar, 30, 63Harris, Elizabeth, 242Harris, John, 242, 391, 593, 1040, 1379-1380Harris & Co, 274Harrison, Charles, 1802Harrison, Thomas, 495, 676Hart, Benjamin, 211-212, 242, 244-245, 248Hart, Joseph I, 212, 242, 248, 1377Hart, Susan, 242, 1377Hawkins, William, 245Heeley, Edmund, 1723Heeley, James & Son, 1039Henry, Solomon, 263, 271, 282, 1723Herbert, Thomas, 354, 1192Herberts, John William, 49-55, 63, 501-502Herbertz, Johan Wilhelm, 63, 3145Herbertz, Johann Abraham, 30, 53-54, 63, 3145Herbertz, Johann Phillipp, 29-30, 49, 54, 63, 63-64,

3145Herbertz, Johann Wilhelm, 29-30, 49, 54, 63, 112Herk, Peeter, 2894Hiatt, Henry, 1739Hill, Matthew, 270, 1724Hoe, Robert, 638Holt, I & W, 1738Holt, James, 246Houghton, Stephen, 627

Houghton, Stephen & Son, 673Houghton, Thomas, 231, 501-502, 1626Hunt, Basil, 1508Hux, Elizabeth I, 208, 242, 1383Hux, Thomas & Elizabeth, 208, 242, 248, 1383Hux, Thomas I, 242, 248Hux, Thomas II, 208, 242, 248, 1383IK see coin sc, mkr, Kirch, Johannes; coin sc, mkr,

Kirk, JohnJ F M see coin sc, mkr, Mayer, Johann FriedrichJackson, Anne, 242Jackson, Henry, 1802, 1804Jackson, James, 268, 1494-1496, 1508Jackson, John, 242Jackson, Thomas, 242Jenks, Edmund, 207Jennings, Silas, 243Joy, John, 1727Key, George, 245Kirch, Henricus, 2397Kirch, Johannes, 506-507Kirk, John, 208, 459, 462, 463, 465, 467, 480, 496Knight, E, 990Kruse, Abraham, 29, 31, 61-64, 2894Kruse, Johann Melchior, 29-31, 61-64, 2894L'Admiral, J Jr, 2894L'Admiral, Jacob, 2893Lalune, Jacques, 2519Lamb, Elizabeth, 208, 242Lamb, Percivell, 242, 638Lamb, William, 1733Lambert, David, 2519Laminette, Giraud, 2519Laminette, Jean-Baptiste, 2519Lane, John, 244-245Langenberg, Johannes, 2866-2867, 2942-2944Lecocq, Thomas, 2519Lind, John, 1732Lind, Joseph, 454, 457, 459Linderman, Johannes, 2396, 2399Lort, John, 1825Loss, Johann, 542Lumsden, Benjamin, 2070Lund, John, 501-502, 1723Lund, William, 1723Machique, Dominique, 2519Marion, Claude, 2519Marion, Henri, 2519Marion, Jean, 2519Marsh, Elizabeth, 242Martin, Benjamin, 269, 299-303, 310, 1300, 1718Marx, Philip Wilhelm, 2891Mayer, Johann Friedrich, 436-437Merlin, John Joseph, 1685, 1724, 1760Messerano, Giovanni Battista, 2356Mettmann, Mattheis, 2866Meymott, Clement, 242, 808Meymott, Mercy, 242, 247, 808Meymott & Porter, 1737Michaud, Jacques, 2398, 2519Migel, Pedro en Sevilla, 2995-2997Mittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar, 27, 31, 63, 2894

Mittelstenscheid, Peter Caspar, 63, 2894Moffett, Elizabeth, 242Moffett, Elizabeth & Son, 1584Moffett, James, 242, 248, 592Moffett, James Thomas, 242, 248, 1581-1585Moffett & Blackburn, 248Mordan, S & Co, 272, 947Mountford, 1476, 1508Mountford, Humphrey, 1508Mountford, I, 1508Mountford, William, 1476, 1508Napier, 103Napier, David, 1299Neale, Henry, 207, 1353, 1356, 1381, 1783, 3017,

3019on Bartholomew Lane, 3019

Neale, John, 207-208, 244-245, 1377, 1382Neale, Samuel, 207, 247-248, 1355-1356, 1377Neusts, Jacobus, 1792Newton, William, 3018-3019Newton, William & Co, 1736, 3018-3019Nicholl, William Lewis, 1730Nicklin, Edward, 1508Oven, Henry, 1736Overing, Thomas, 211-212, 247-248, 3019Oxley, Henry, 1727Pallett, Elizabeth, 1192Pallett, Elizabeth Mary, 1192Pallett, Thomas II, 1192Pallett & Son, 1192Pallias, Pierre, 2519Partridge, John, 1729Pascal, Dominique, 2519Phillips, Edward, 16, 247-248, 1938Phillips, Elizabeth, 242Phillips, Walter, 1736, 1783, 3019Phillips, William, 242Picard, Ann, 213-214, 1069, 1388Picard, John, 210-212, 1067-1070Pickering, David, 1764-1765, 1830Pickering, James II, 1831Pillois, 593Pingard, Jean, 2519Pingard, Joseph-Emeric, 2519Pixley, Thomas II, 1737Plumly, George, 1490Poppenberg, Caspar Diedrich, 31, 63Poppenberg, Diedrich Peter, 31, 63Poppenberg, Diedrich Peter & Peter Caspar, 63Poppenberg, Gebrûder, 31, 63-64Poppenberg, Gebrûder, Diedrich Peter, Caspar

Diedrich & Peter Caspar, 31, 63, 2894Poppenberg, Johann Peter, 31, 62-64Poppenberg, Peter Caspar, 31, 63-64Pourin, 592Poussett, Philip, 211, 1389Proctor, Charles & Luke, 261-262, 268, 467R W, 22, 1352-1353R*A, 1550-1551Ramsden, Jesse, 675Ray, Caleb, 817Raybay, Nicolas, 2518-2519, 2519, 2548

Read, Joseph, 183, 242, 246, 808, 2540Read, Samuel, 207-208, 244-248, 556Reeves, Thomas, 1734Reynolds, Joseph, 1729Reynolds & Nicholl, 1733Richtmann, C, 990, 3198-3199Ridgard, Joseph, 22Robert, Jean (père), 2519Roberts, Richard, 243, 3019Roberts, Timothy, 243-244, 3019Roberts, Timothy & Son, 3019Robinson, Daniel, 627, 1827Rogers & Sons, 16Rogon, Pierre, 2519Rubidge, James, 1737S D, 1104, 1767Sangiusto, Andrea, 2892Sangster, E & J, 9Sangster, Elizabeth, 9, 242Sangster, James, 208, 221-224, 1069Sangster, John, 9, 242-243, 246Sangster, Thomas, 242Sangster, William, 212-214, 242, 1069Schooling, James, 1736Sewell, George, 582, 2540Sewell & Bate, 2540Sewell & Young, 1734, 2540Sharp, Thomas, 1323-1326Sheldon, John, 446, 1027, 1723Shenstone, J T, 988Sherman, Henry, 242, 246, 248Sherman, Sarah, 242Skinner, William, 1729Sleigh, Richard Snr, 242, 245Snart, Charles, 1729Snart, John, 208, 210-211, 245, 248, 1069Sommers, Charles I, 215, 499-502, 1388-1399,

2540Sommers, Charles II, 1388-1399Sommers, Joseph I, 211-212, 582, 1069, 1388-1390Sommers, Joseph II, 215, 1388-1399Sommers, Samuel, 1388Sommers & Son, 215, 1396Sommers & Stanley, 215, 1399Springer, Johann Caspar, 31, 63-64Stanley, 215Stanley, N, 1399Stiles, William, 245Stubbs, Benjamin, 1027Swithin, John, 248T H see coin sc, mkr, Houghton, ThomasT P, 1352, 1354-1355, 1357-1358Tallman, James, 1383Taylor, William, 207, 243Taylor, William II, 1508Thompson, 14Thompson, Daniel, 248Thompson, John, 245Thompson, John II, 1731Tisseur, Jean (fils), 2519Titfords & Vandome, 592Tomlinson & Bickley, 1508

Tongue, J, 1941-1942Tongue, William, 1508, 1943-1944Törv. Védve, 3040Troemner, Henry, 1020Tucker, Richard, 499, 502Van Coppenol, Jan, 3209-3210, 3220-3229Vandome, Richard, 592, 1734Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734Vandome, Titfords & Co, 592Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 592Vandome & Coy, 592Vandome & Hart, 592Vaughton, Christopher, 246Vincent, James, 1729Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733Vincent, Robert II, 208Vincent & Chancellor, 1733Vivien, Pierre, 2519Ward, Callingwood, 496-497, 500-502, 1062, 1066,

1508Waren, Joseph, 1508Wenborn, Robert, 22, 1739Westwood, I & O, 467Westwood, John & Obediah, 1508Wilford, David, 242Wilkinson, Anthony, 502-503, 627-629, 672-675,

1624-1626, 1827, 2537-2539, 3409-3410Williams, Thomas I, 508, 2082Wilson, John, 496, 500Winfield, R W, 11-12, 233-234Wolschot, J F, 2894Wolschott, J F, 233-234, 254, 1295, 2396, 2399Wombwell, Charles, 1727Wood, John, 243, 1140, 1192Wood, Richard, 1192, 1732Wood, Robert, 1192Wornell, John, 2540Young, George, 2540Young, John, 18, 2539Young & Son, 2539-2540see also ccd

moving load, 236, 990, 1034, 1310-1311numbered consecutively, 1323-1326oval japanned box, 178, 1502-1503pendulum, 199, 269, 541, 576, 597, 607, 990, 1684,

1850-1851pre-loaded pan, 576provincial, 2002roberval, 275rocker, 11-15, 78, 235-238, 269, 272-274, 365, 754,

990, 1684, 2272-2279, 3040, 3403, 3491-3498see also ccd

Schickerts, 12, 233, 427, 1413-1420shelf edge, 268-269spring bal, 448, 518steelyard, 14, 235, 268-276, 286-287, 299-303, 310,

400, 990, 1027-1029, 1039, 1300, 1303, 1306, 1685-1686, 1787, 1833, 1897-1900

unequal-arm beam, 1039zoge bakari, 321see also ccd

Coin sc (guinea sc), 1466

Coin sc & letter scccd, 754, 848roberval, 275spring, 1682steelyard, 930, 1681

Coin sc box, 2357-2358, 2360-2361chamois-lined, 2358-2361

Coin sc designer, Cotton, William (1), 1723Coin sc forgers

Halifax, 264, 1303Hull, 1303

Coin sc materialaluminium, 3403bronze, 814-816

Coin sc nationalityAmerican, 12-15, 40-41, 78, 356-360, 2059-2066,

2535-2541, 2894Austrian, 1290, 2399, 2894Belgian, 2396, 2866, 2894Berg & Mark, 26-31, 61-65, 112, 541, 2576, 2894British, numerous referencesByzantine, 2894Chinese, 55-59, 1497-1498Egyptian, 190, 191English, 2395-2396, 2398, 2576French, 445, 472, 556, 592, 1607, 2398, 2518-2519German, 26-31, 61-65, 112, 228, 437, 445, 506-507,

541-542, 575, 850, 957, 2272-2279, 2395-2397, 2866-2867, 2891, 2942-2944

Greek, 190-191Hungarian, 2399, 3040Indian Ocean, 281Italian, 2356, 2357-2361, 2399, 2892, 2894Japanese, 55-59, 321, 325Netherlands, 1897-1900, 2396-2397, 2894Portugese, 2399Prussian, 2894Roman, 814-816, 2576, 2620Scottish, 1303-1311Spanish, 307, 445, 2399, 2893Swiss, 2399, 2894Turkish, 190-191, 2894Viking, 2576

Coin sc pan (brass), 2357, 2359Coin sc patentee

Bradford see coin sc patentee, Hulls & Bradford; Hulls & Bradford

Case, Cesar, 1879Clais, J S, detector, 269-270, 276, 579Cotton, W, 103Dearborn, Benjamin, 2064Hall, N R, 198-199Henry, S, 263, 271, 276, 282Hulls & Bradford, 268, 276, 394, 1303Loring, D & Dearborn, Benjamin & West, U, 2064Rogers, S A, 2064West, U & Dearborn, Benjamin & Loring, D, 2064

Coin sc retailerArstall, William, 2002Bell, Hamlet

folders by Wilkinson, A, 1626retailing folders by Houghton, T, 1626

Bell, Henry, 628Bell Henry, 628Billings, R, 12, 356-360Brown, Isaac & Son, 1419-1429DeGrave, Mary & Son, 1626Denton, Joseph, 1626Knight, George & Sons, 1415-1416Lee, 1824Lockhart, James, 2069Martin, Benjamin, 1300Parker, William, 1829Poyntell, William, 2536Tomlinson & Bickley, 1508Warren, James, 1845Whitley, John, 1626Williams, Thomas, 2082Williams, William, 1419-1420

Coin sc wholesaler, Brown, Richard & Sons, 1419Coin scale, 2775-2777, 3213

American, 2775-2777British, 2253-2256, 3403, 3491-3498Hungarian, 3040Italian, 2356Milanese, 2357-2361mkr

Deflacieu, Barthélémy, 2519Deflacieu, Jacques, 2519Deflacieu, Jacques & Claude, 2519

rocker, Exo, 3403for weighing silver, 3223

"Coin Scale Makers" (articles by Crawforth), 206-215, 239-240

Coin scale patentee, definition, 193, 194Coin sorting machine mkr

Bernstein, Aaron David, 1947-1955Cotton, William, 1962-1963Reitze, August, 1177-1181

Coin tester mkr, Helliwell, 621"Coin Weights" (article by Mallis), 1602-1608"Coin-weights" (article by Withers), 1471-1479Coin wts

articles by Batz, 3211-3229articles by Biggs, 879-884, 913-919, 951-954, 984-988,

1010-1016hall-marked, 1471-1478how to make, 2778mkr

Archdall, Henry, 1756Archdall, William, 1757Berry, 1508Crosby, Daniel, 1762Crosby, James, 1764Cuthbert & Paris, 1765Gatchell, Samuel, 1769H J, 1802Harrison, Charles, 1802Harrison, James, 1508Jackson, James, 1062Kidder, Vincent, 1773Locker, John, 1824Lord, Richard, 1771Moore, William II, 1827

Mountford, William, 1476Owen, 1062, 1065, 1508Smart, Richard, 1472-1473, 1771, 1842Spear, Richard, 1843Tongue, William, 1508Ward, Callingwood, 1062, 1066, 1508Whitworth & Yates, 1508

Philadelphia silver, 3223square prohibited, 914see also Weights, denomination

CoinageAct of 965, 1182Act of 1587, 43, 985Act of 1604, 985Act of 1611, 985Act of 1619, 985Act of 1663, 1040Act of 1757, 1057Act of 1773, 310, 496, 1079Act of 1774, 23, 196, 216, 467, 496, 966, 1079, 1125,

1565, 2068Act of 1775, 498, 1079, 1081Act of 1797, 20, 22, 1083, 1119, 1894Act of 1817, 1125Act of 1821, 1125Act of 1870, 23, 1128, 1970Act of 1878, 21, 115, 613-614, 636, 734-735, 828, 894,

1036, 1128, 1154, 1182, 1564, 1960-1961, 1977

Act of 1889, 21-22, 115, 613, 633, 636, 955, 1128, 1154, 1564, 1929, 1969-1970, 1979, 2077

active, definition, 879alien, definition, 879alloyed, 266American, 2535British, 2535

use of Portuguese coinage, 40British use of Portuguese coinage, 40bullion price, 881clipped, 880counterfeit, 264-277crown gold, definition, 880fineness, definition, 880five-pound piece, 1180Great Recoinage, 1041hammered, 880increased in value by 10, 985milled, 880minted before 1663 demonetised in 1733, 1060New Standard 1774, 23, 196, 216, 467, 496, 966, 1068,

1079, 1081-1082, 1125, 1565, 2068old, definition, 879silver, 272, 1041silver in poor condition, 1041token, 1128US Act of Apr 2, 1792, 2536value, definition, 880

Coinage nationalityAmerican, 2536Chinese, 56German, 28, 1177Hungarian, 3040

Coined before 1772on coin wts, 1081-1086

see also weights, denomination, guineasee also New Standard

Coined since 1772on coin wts, 1081-1086see also New Standard

Coins10-ducat Portugaleser, 3228Dutch Statenkroon, 3228French Zonnekroon, 3228German Goldgulden, 3228half-lion of Flanders, 3228Henry VIII half-Souvereign, 3228lion of Flanders, 3228Portugese Cruzado, 3228Souverien of Albert & Isabella, 3228table of, 40, 310

Coins, 2395, 2446"Coins weighed by the Drop" (article by Simpson), 2068-

2072Coinweight, 3211-3218Coke depot wg machine, 728Colby, Edward J.

coin operated sc mkr, 2457-2458coin operated sc patentee, 2457-2458

Colchester mark, 2031Colebrook, Samuel

apprentice of DeGrave, Charles I, 1737dates, 1737shop in Bristol, 1737

Colkers' "A few of our Scales" (article), 190-191Collar, definition, 193"Collecting Adventure" (article by Wormser), 221-225"Collecting Ancient Weights" (article by Malter), 308-310"Collecting European Coin-Scales" (article by Valent),

2395-2400"Collecting Letter Scales, How I Got Started" (article by

Sol), 3189Collector's Guide to Vintage Coin Machines (review), 2436Collectors of taxes see revenue collectorsCollet, Freres


Collet, Thomascoin sc mkr, 2254master of Brocke, Richard, 2254

Collimation, definition, 792Collings & Wallis

dates, 638-639wts, 638-639

Collot (author), 836Collot, A, precision bal mkr, 702Collot, A II

dates, 836precision bal mkr, 836-837

Cologne, inspectors marks, 64Cologne bullion ounce, 1992Cologne mark, 1990Cologne ounce, 1990-1991"Colonial American W & M" (article by Mahoney), 1135-

1140, 1855-1860Colonial India, sc for, 16, 147Colonial paper money, 12, 356-360Colonial postal rates, 1230Colonial weights & measures, NC, 3319Colonies British, equipment tested, 2077Colt Industries, 3074

Fairbanks Wg Division, 77, 3066successor to Fairbanks, 3066

Columbia see Landers, Frary & ClarkColumbus, 1260

see also Automat; Maul, Philipp JakobColumbus sc, 2425Column

acanthus leaves, 547, 1706attached to box, 117bifurcated, 256, 261black & gold, 1397boy gas-lighter, 1294, 1320boy kneeling, 530, 1029, 1220, 1293boy naked, 1293, 1400boy with fig-leaf, 1400bud-topped, 1232bull-top, 1193, 1198, 1451, 1454, 1723caryatid, 1289china, 1453-1454, 1464, 1723, 1743cord lift, 277, 437, 630-632, 665, 793, 806-807, 1692curled leaves, 1372definition, 193double pillar, 41, 78, 664, 1216double split pillars, 1189, 1211-1216, 1368eagle-topped, 1627-1628engraved, 1220facetted, 1458fold down, 80, 942folding, 1417-1419harp top, 7, 137, 1452, 1458heart shaped, 233Justice, 1291lamp-lighter, 1320lever-lift, 89, 311, 599, 806, 1693, 1789, 1970-1971,

1976lion-top, 1197lyre top, 7marble, 1453Mercury-top, 1295milk-maid, 1273porcelain, 712postman, 1295putto, 1225, 1287satyr, 1288screw into box, 49, 52, 80-82, 156, 806screw onto base, 117screw onto cloth gauge, 505scroll top, 1744slip into lid, 807snake curled round stem, 1232snake topped, 399split, 1212, 1215

inventor, 1212square section, 642stem with leaves, 1223, 1225

tapering square, 642tree with eagle, 1254twisted, 547, 1439, 1454, 1745two, 1176wheat-sheaf, 1453wooden, 277, 591

Combination scale, 2240-2242compound-lever, self-indicating pendulum, circular

face, 2212letter scale, mobile, 3265-3266person, luggage, dynamometer, 2169-2170, 2240-2242

Come-again guineas, 1042Comerford, Thomas F, 3252

biography, 3252-3255director Sievers & Erdman Co, 3252director Sunny Line Appliances, Inc, 3252President of Standard Computing Scale Co., 3252Secretary Treasurer of Michigan Optical Co., 3252

"Comment on Pitrat" (article by Chapman), 2271Commission 1818, uniform system of W & M, 390Commission 1838, standards of W & M, 391-392Commission 1843, new Standards, 391Commission Report of 1854, new Standards, 392Commissioner of Patents, US, 2819Commodity platter, 715

see also Goods PlateCommon wheat bread, 1052Commonwealth

coin wts, 1013coinage, 914, 1040

Company see under individual guildsComparison with standard units, accuracy of, 2146Compasses & set-square, mastersign, 1875Compendium, patent, 679Compensating poise for sc beam, 2822Compound bal, patent, 661Compound lever

A A, 657F T, 695I T, 695long A A, 660U U, 723U V, 693, 724V V, 657, 693, 698-699Y V, 695, 724Y Y, 2821

Compound lever platform scmkr

Daniels, 2821-2822Edgell, James, 661Wyatt, 655-659

Compound lever sc, 227definition, 193-194first application, 1852

Compound wt, definition, 200, 1828Compression spring sc, definition, 194, 553Compression springs see Spring balComputer program

usefulAcrobat Reader, 3190Adobe Acrobat, 3190

computing cheese cutter, 3254

Computing cylinder, 217, 2673-2674Computing sc, 217, 2132-2140, 2199-2209, 2227-2230,

2673-2674, 3151with circular dial, 2210, 2300-2301with conical dial, 2131-2140definition, 194with drum or cylinder, 2673-2674

British, 2210with fixed horizontal chart, 2210with lever & pendulum, 2210with lever principle, 2209mkr

Angldile Computing Scale Co, 2131-2140Avery, W & T Ltd, 1517Day & Millward, 1516

with pendulum, 2131-2140platform type, 2210with spring-balance principle, 2209-2210steelyard, 1461, 1516-1517steelyard & drum, 2210weights (query), 2208-2209

Computing scaleBritish, 2300-2306

c-spring, 2304-2305description of, 2302-2306first, 2300-2306

patent, 2300-2301flexure spring, 2302mkr, James, 2300-2306poises, 2305-2306specific gravity, 2304tubular steelyard, 2305-2306

Computing Scale Co, 2205-2206, 2209, 2673-2674, 3244, 3246, 3250

butchers sc, 216-217, 559Court case, 3255CSCo mark, 558dates, 216-217Dayton Automatic Scale Co successor, 2206Dayton Moneyweight Scale Co successor, 2206Hobart Manufacturing Co successor, 2207international operations, 2206Moneyweight Scale Co, selling organization for, 2206Ozias & Canby, 2205PMI food equipment group successor, 2208postal sc, 2673-2674re-incorporation of, 2206roberval & micrometer, 217sales agency for, 2206Sanderson, 2205Smith, 2205steelyard mkr, 559Stimpson Computing Scale Co. successor, 2206see also Dayton Automatic Scale Co.

Computing Scale Company of America, 3244, 3249, 3250, 3251

CSCA, 3244, 3249Computing self-indicating sc, 890, 2210Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co., 2206, 3249Computing Tabulating Recording Co, 3251

see also CTRConcave wts see weight, shape

Concealed-stay see béranger sc, encased-stay; roberval sc, encased-stay

Condemned, mark on wts, 1007Conderin wts see weights, denominationCone and cup, definition, 196Cone-chart see conical chartCone pivot, definintion, 194, 196Confectioners sc, 130-131

equal arm, 7mkr

Avery, W & T, 7, 803, 852Avery, W & T Ltd, 7, 131, 852

see also Shop scCongress, Act of (1843), 12Conical chart, 2121-2140Conical computing chart see conical chartConical dial see conical chartConn, Angldile plant builder, 2136Connor, Professor Robin, 2444

biography, 2110Connor, R D

author, 3043-3045see also Connor, Robin D

Connor, Robin D (author), 1074, 1090, 1384, 1569, 1891, 1896, 1997, 2023, 2082, 3043-3045

Connor's "Survival of the 8-lb Stone" (article), 2531Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, 1386-1387Constant load bal see Substitution balConstruction of the Balance by Brauer (review), 187Contemporary Comment

16th century, Raleigh weighs smoke, 27819th century, weighing gold dust, 176363 AD, appointing of zygostates(weighers), 25881548, German mkr, 2341599, do'tchins, 561604, Spanish precision bal, 3621652, lack of control of wt of coins at Mint, 19011667, person steelyard, 151681, Irish coin steelyard, 18481720, problems encountered by money-changers in

USA, 24021732, bread prices in Boston USA, 11041754, bread prices in Boston USA, 11041769, Sangster repair bill, 91773, guinea weighing, 151783, scale house, 23361818, Records of carrier, 26781821, Adams on W & M, 18331823, new steelyard introduced in France, 21841825, order for New Standard Weights & Measures,

22501830, beam for weighing bushel measure, 2249-22501835, spring bal with lever, 18761840, new problem in weighing machines, 21221849

Calif. Order for hay and gold weighing scales, 2193coins as postal wts, 988

1851, Cotton's Bank of England sovereign sc, 1141859, do'tchins, 561869, ironmongers adjusting wts, 8881873, award to Fairbanks, 1111882, 2350-2351

1883, pre Parcel Post Service parcel scales, 2307-23081892, coal weighing, 341910, accuracy of weighing instruments, 22231912, do'tchins, 2251913, computing scales, 2209-22101916, weighing ice, 22231922, 2488, 25151929, 22991930s, U S destruction of false sc, 5551992, 1840

Contemporary Document, 2329-2330Continuous knife edge, 115

definition, 194, 196Contracting beam, 655-658, 698, 1636

definition, 1547Contracting beam sc

mkrAvery, W & T, 1636Beach, Thomas, 1547

Contracting machinedefinition, 698mkr, Bourne, Thomas, 697

Contributions to Arabic Metrology by Miles (review), 188Control of Pounds & Pints by Stocks (review), 785Controlled experimental trial, 3147Convention, ISASC 2005, 3110, 3113Conventiontaler see weights, denominationConvex wts see weight, shape, convexCook, Ernie

uncle of Layton, Roland, 3318Works manager, Fairbanks, Birmingham, 3318

Cook, M G, patentee, 539, 622Cooke, J & Sons, postal sc, 147, 199, 428Cooke, Troughton & Simms

precision bal mkr, 1791scientific instrument mkr, 1791see also Troughton & Simms

Coolie yoke, 2145Coomb see Winchester measureCoon, Tim

successor to Bedell, 3082Zenith egg sc mkr, 3082

Cooper see postal sc, retailer, Partridge & CooperCooper, E, coin sc mkr, 1477Cooper, George

joiner, 2466working for Sharp, Thomas, 2466

Cooperative Wholesale Societyapoth wt mkr, 835equal arm counter sc mkr, 712wt mkr, 732see also catalogue

Cooperative Wholesale Society Ltd, bread, sc mkr, 1089Cope & Cope Ltd

egg sc mkr, 414-415, 921Summit-Hanning trade name, 414

Copelandplate mkr, 1455wts mkr, 812

Copenol, Jan Van, 3210coin sc mkr, 3210

Coppenol weights, Plumley, table of, 3227

Copper plugs, 614, 635, 639Copper-workers sc, Japanese, 324Copyright Act, 2091Corcoran, Bryan I

dates, 354, 1727grain sc mkr, 354, 1727scientific instrument mkr, 1727

Corcoran, Bryan Ltd, 354dates, 354

Cord, holding letter, 428Cord & wheel, candlestick, 1373Cord & wt sc

patent, 1373postal, 1373

Cord & wt sc patentee, Briais, Narcissé, 1373Cord fulcrum, definition, 175Cord lift, 631, 665Cord pivot, definition, 172-173, 194Cord replacement, 928Corderoy, Edward, half owner of Vandome & Hart Ltd,

1733Corless

calliper mkr, 1787scientific instrument mkr, 1787, 2656

Cormick, Michaelcoin wts mkr, 1760dates, 1760

Corn scmkr, Fairbanks & Co, 78, 108see also Grain sc

Cornometer see Grain scCornwall (C C A crowned mark), 1977Cornwall East mark, 2031Cornwall West mark, 1980"Corrections & Clarification" (article by Lound), 2935Corundum bearings, 3

durability, 3hardness, 3

Costa's Egg Sc (article), 1275-1284, 1311-1317Costell, Stacey, 2372Cotton, steelyard, 322, 334, 1301-1302Cotton, William (1)

bullion bal designer, 114coin sc designer, 1723, 1787collaborator with Bate, R B, 1723, 1787date, 1723sc designer, 103, 114sorting machine, 1962-1963sorting machines mkr, 103, 1962-1963worked with Napier, David, 103

Cotton, William (2)dates, 638wt mkr, 638

Cotton beam, definition, 195Cotton sc

mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544spring, 544steelyard, definition, 195

CO[U] 2[u] cartridge sc, Badger Fire Extinguisher Co, 1039

Counter platform sc see platform scCounter roberval sc see roberval sc

Counter sc, 67, 136balloon-foot, 1452, 1454, 1458, 1461béranger, 485-486, 647, 1198, 1646-1647, 1742Caledonian, 692, 698Caledonian equal arm & steelyard, 692decimal, 227, 722definition, 195equal arm, 7, 137, 256, 712, 1195-1196, 1452, 1744-

1745fan sc, 229, 709French pattern, 1741-1742half roberval & spring, 1600half roberval & steelyard, 1807, 1811inverted roberval, 129-136, 256-257, 355, 418-419,

697, 731, 1073, 1193-1198, 1442, 1451, 1636, 1642, 1723, 1743

London pattern, 1644micrometer sc, 361, 505mkr

Angldile, 180Avery, W & T, 7, 131, 711, 1644-1648, 1692Avery, W & T Ltd, 1645-1648, 1692Béranger & Cie, 784, 1642Bourne, Thomas, 697Bourne & Smith, 136Buoy, Brenner & Co, 2887

dates, 2887C W, 647Chatillon, John & Sons, 450, 452, 1600Computing Scale Co, 217Cooperative Wholesale Society, 712Day & Millward, 711, 1451Denison, Samuel & Son Co Ltd, 1183Denison, Samuel & Son Ltd, 1183Dodge Scale Co, 505Fairbanks & Co, 78, 109, 1807, 1811Fairbanks London, 1647Garland, James & Co, 1590Hall, J & Son, 1648Herbert & Sons, 1195-1196, 1198, 1723, 1728,

1744-1745Howe Scale Co, 1528Jones of Binghamton, 1078Mattocks Automatic Scale Ltd, 1731Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1655-1656Newman, J, 1519Parnall & Sons Ltd, 1645Penn Scale Mfg Co, 647Perfas, 647Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 1645Preston, William B, 508Salter, Geo & Co, 547Springer Torsion Balance Co, 999Terazzi, 485-486Troemner, Henry, 1643, 1721-1722, 2887Variety Works, 2884-2891Walker, A & Co Ltd, 709

paper, 1692, 3505pendulum, 559, 1318phanzeder sc, 284roberval, 106, 109, 128, 131, 136, 287-289, 611, 647,

711, 1183, 1195, 1451, 1637-1638, 1644-1648,

1655, 1728, 2600self indicating, 709-711semi-self indicating, 709-711, 714sensitivity, 714with side beam, 2221spring, 547, 1039, 1439, 1557, 1600steelyard, 78, 109, 198, 217, 505, 647, 758, 871, 1078,

1528, 1537-1538, 1570, 1655-1656, 1692, 1721-1722, 2074, 2884-2891

testing, 714top-pan, 2600torsion, 999trip, 647vibrating, 1183

Counter sc, 67, 136Counter sc (article), 1644-1648Counter sc patentee

Buoy, 2884-2891Culmer, 217Ozias, 217Webster, 547, 549

Counter scale, nonautomatic-indicating equal-arm, 2258Counter steelyard, definition, 1423Counterbalance see counterpoiseCounterchange weighing see transposition weighingCounterfeit assay marks, 1475-1476"Counterfeit Coin Detecting Devices of the US" (article by

Mallis), 12-15review, 87

Counterfeit coin detectorGerman, 2272-2279see also American, ccd; ccd

"Counterfeit Coin Detectors"article by Crawforth, 264-277article by Gorlick, 759-764

Counterfeit coin values, 266Counterfeit coinage, 265-277, 1063, 1303

punishments, 266Counterfeit detector, definition, 786Counterfeit guineas, 270Counterfeit Portugese Pieces, 266Counterfeiting, 759, 2446Counterpoise

definition, 194-195scoop, 154

Counties, W & M authories, 1925Counties corporate, 1927Counting sc, trade, 1461, 1655, 3012, 3504Counting scale, 3012, 3504

coin, 991definition, 196jetons, 1105maker

Avery, 3504Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1655Osterlich Ltd, 1105

patentee, Sanderson, 3012County boroughs, 1982, 2033County councils, 1982County of Southampton, 1735Coupon sc, 1105Court, Alice

coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1738employed foreman Daniels, George, 1738successor of Court, Richard II, 1738widow of Court, Richard II, 242widow of Court Richard II, 242

Court, Mary (omitted in error)succeeded by Court, Richard II, 1738successor of Court, Richard I, 1738widow of Court, Richard I, 1738working 1723-1724, 1738

Court, Richard Iapprentice of Marsh, Elizabeth, 242, 1738coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1738husband of Court, Mary (omitted in error), 1738master of Prickett, James, 1738succeeded by Court, Mary (omitted in error), 1738

Court, Richard IIcoin sc mkr, 242dates, 1738husband of Court, Alice, 242master of Church, Stephen, 1738master of Daniels, George, 1738master of Matthews, John (wrongly called Jackson,

Wm), 1738succeeded by Court, Alice, 1738successor of Court, Mary (omitted in error), 1738

Court caseinteresting, 3255-3257

Computing Scale vs. Standard Computing Scale, 3256, 3256-3257

Dayton Scale vs. Standard Computing Scale, 3257Dayton Scale vs. Toledo Scale, 3257Hull vs. Pitrat, 3256Standard Computing Scale vs. Detroit Automatic

Scale, 3257Stimpson Computing Scale vs. Stimpson, W F,

3255Toledo Scale vs. Barnes Scale, 3255-3256

Courts, Leet, 43-44, 2032Coventry mark, 1927Cow Chow see PurinaCowcher & Co, coin wts mkr, 1062Cozens see postal sc, retailer, Partridge & CozensCraddock, Anthony, 2444Cradle, definition, 174, 196Craig (author), 277, 498, 954, 1042, 1044, 1060, 1079,

1881Craig, Michael, coin sc mkr, 1760Cramer, J A

assay bal mkr, 630-632German author, 630

Crane, C Hdates, 638iron wts mkr, 638

Crane, Samuel G., 2462coin operated sc mkr, 2462coin operated sc patentee, 2462

Crane Foundry Codates, 638design Reg, 636

wts, 635, 637, 639Crane Foundry Co Ltd, wts, 613, 616-617Crane sc, spring, 516, 543-544, 1531-1532, 1906Crane weigher, 543, 1931Crane weigher mkr

Denison, Samuel & Son Co Ltd, 1532Denison, Samuel & Son Ltd, 1531-1532Hart, David, 1734James, John & Co, 1730Jaspar & Taurines, 1906Marriott, Henry, 1903Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543-544Salter, George & Co Ltd, 543

Crane weigher patent, 1931Crane weigher patentee, Ward, T H, 1931Cranked hanger, 134, 150, 174, 860, 1053

definition, 174, 193Crawford's, "Fairbanks Infallible Coin sc" (query), 2409-

2411Crawforth

author, 767-775, 1070obituary, 1161-1165

Crawforth, Andrew, biography, 2306Crawforth, A's

"DeGrave, Short & Fanner" (article), 2354, 2405-2406"Earliest Computing Scale?" (article), 2300-2306"Howell & James" (article), 2990-2993, 3021, 3206"Irish City Standards, a Conundrum"(article), 3508-

3512"Kirkoswold Weight of 1662" (article), 2925-2927"More Mordan Weights" (article), 3046-3055

Crawforth, D (author), 1876Crawforth, D's

"Dearborn's Gold Standard Balance" (article), 1211-1216

"Dr Fitch's Descendants" (article), 2053-2055"English Colonial Scales" (article), 1778-1785"Fire Gilding - Ormolu" (article), 1580"Howe they altered" (article), 1528-1531"Humans on Scales" (article), 1287-1295, 3281"Irish Scalemakers/Retailers" (article), 1755-1773,

1777, 1798-1804, 1823-1832, 1841-1846, 3512"James & Thomas Braby" (article), 1911-1916"James Jackson Jeweller's Initiative?" (article), 1494-

1496"Joseph Béranger" (article), 1663-1664"London Scale Makers" (article), 207-215, 239-248"Mediaeval Bronze Beam" (article), 1609-1613"More Flexure Springs" (article), 1902-1910, 1931-

1935, 1964-1966, 1984-1986"Philipp Jakob Maul- Part 1" (article), 1627-1636"Pop it in the Post" (article), 1219-1233, 1252-1264,

3281"Porcelain China or Pot?" (article), 1443-1455"Pre 1700 England" (article), 1326-1328, 1346-1356"Robervals with Encased Stays" (article), 1479-1488"Scale in Question" (article), 36-37, 53-55"Siebe & Marriott" (article), 1882-1888"Sight-hole Shears" (article), 1586-1590"Sommers Scalemakers" (article), 1388-1399"Thomas Beach" (article), 1499-1513, 1539-1548,

1572-1580

"Tree of Knowledge," 2129"Trial of the Pyx" (article), 1435-1437"Who'd be a Baker?" (article), 1051-1059, 1087-1098

Crawforth, M, 2539author, 767-775, 1070obituary, 1161-1165

Crawforth-Hitchins'"Bartholomew Lane, London" (article), 3016-3019"Beginner's Guide Part 1" (article), 2571-2578"Beginner's Guide Part 2" (article), 2599-2606"Beginner's Guide Part 3" (article), 2655-2662"Beginner's Guide Part 4" (article), 2683-2690"Beginner's Guide Part 5" (article), 2711-2718"Beginner's Guide Part 6" (article), 2739-2746"Beginner's Guide Part 7" (article), 2767-2774"Beginner's Guide Part 8" (article), 2825-2832"European Coin-ops" (article), 2451-2463"European Coin-ops Part 2" (article), 2493-2496"First US Scale Patentee" (article), 2639-2643, 2668"Herbert's. Part 2" (article), 1723-1748"Hungarian Rocker?" (article), 3040"Hyam Hyams Double Rocker"(article), 3491-3493"Is This Damping?" (article), 2192Letter to the Editor, 3076"Model of Daniels' Patent 199,356 Platform Scale"

(article), 2821-2822"More Oil-damping" (article), 2167"More Saddled Steelyards" (article), 2381-2387"Paper Scales" (article), 1693-1705, 3273"Potato Scales" (article), 2963

Crawforth-Hitchins, Diana, 2268, 2885biography, 2547

Crawforth-Hitchins & Berning's, "Model of Usher's Compensating Poise for Scale Beams" (article), 2822

Crawforth-Hitchins & Leadbetter's, "Developing Torsion Balances" (article), 2611-2615

Crawforth-Hitchins & Thomas,' "Matlock Marble" (article), 3295-3305

Crawforth's"About Postal Patents" (article), 395-397"Anatomy of a Cased Weight" (article), 1048"Balances By Greaves" (article), 235-237"Basic Library" (article), 87"British Date Marks" (article), 1004-1007"British Verification Marks" (article), 20-24, 43-48, 67-

72, 90-96, 115-124, 163-165"Cased Bell-weight" (article), 237"Cased Postal Weights" (article), 422-424"Cataloguing a Collection" (article), 145-148"Caveat Emptor" (article), 38-39"Counterfeit Coin Detectors" (article), 264-277Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-

1851 (review), 1967-1968"Early Platform Scales" (article), 655-661, 692-699,

721-728"Egg Scales" (article), 375-384, 410-417, 919-924"English apothecary Scales & Weights" (article), 797-

808, 826-835"Five-turn Folder" (article), 672-675"George Salter & Co" (article), 515-529, 543-554, 2163"Glossary of Terms" (article), 170-175, 192-196, 227-

232, 255-260, 283-288, 311-316, 339-344"Grain Scales" (article), 80-82"Grain Testing Scales" (article), 2847-2853"Gregory's Imperialised Metric Wts" (article), 1107-

1112"History in a box" (article), 1067-1070, 3161"Iron Weights in Britain" (article), 581-588, 611-619,

633-639"Kirkoswold Weight of 1662" (article), 2925-2927"Making Scales" (article), 333-338, 447-452"Making Scales & Weights" (article), 468-476"Michael's Favourites" (article), 1413-1420"Monied Man's Vade Mecum" (article), 299-303"More Solder Scales" (article), 2550"Moving Load Scale-Steelmar or Bisyard" (article),

1026-1035"New York Assay Office" (article), 531-534"Patent Postals" (article), 398-400, 425-428, 453-456,

481-484, 509-512, 537-540, 565-568, 595-596, 621-624, 650-652, 677-680, 704-708

"Patently Interesting" (article), 198-199, 263, 298, 318, 389, 3281

"Photograph Coin Weights" (article), 967-970"Photograph Scales & Weights" (article), 363-372"Rare Folders" (article), 200"Replacing Cords on English Money Scales" (article),

928"Roberval" (article), 127-135"Sets of Weights" (article), 731-735"Simple Weights for Coins" (article), 166-167"Springs" (article), 1465-1467"To Clean or Not to Clean" (article), 1203-1210, 1234-

1240, 1265-1272, 3161"Variation on a Theme" (article), 219-220Weighing Coins, book review, 135"Weighing in the Kitchen" (article), 767-775"Weighing up the Terms" (article), 169"Weight Depositing Scale" (article), 982-983"What Will Happen to my Collection" (article), 971-

972"Yarn Cloth & Roving Scales" (article), 1143-1150,

1168-1176"Yekeri Steelyard Maker" (article), 645-646

Cream testing, 3420Crellin & Scott (author), 87, 800, 808, 830Crellin & Scott's Drug Weighing in Britain (review), 87Crescent, trademark see PelouzeCrescent postal sc, 371Crichton, James, precision bal mkr, 1720, 1791"Cricket Anyone?"(article by Doniger), 3407-3408Cricket scale, 3407-3408

coffin for, 3407-3408rosewood box for, 3407-3408tickler for, 3407-3408

Cricket tournaments, 3407-3408Cricket weighing, 3407-3408Crimean War sc, 816-817, 1233Criterion, 132-133, 1259

tin candlestick postal, 1792trademark see Setten & Durward

Crocus (mark on wts), 20see also Saffron, Walden

Crofford, C B, weigh scoop patentee, 492Crontal see Weights, denominationCrontaler see weights, denominationCroome, Thomas

apprentice of Swithin, John, 1733coin sc mkr, 207, 1291dates, 1733master of 5 apprentices, 1743steelyard mkr, 207succeeded by Wynn, John, 1732-1733trade card, 207, 1291wt mkr, 207

Crosby, Daniel, 1750coin sc mkr, 1749coin wts mkr, 1762D C on wts, 1749-1750, 1762sc mkr to Bank of Ireland, 1755sight-hole shears, 1749, 1831trade card, 1761

Crosby, Daniel Icoin sc mkr, 1761dates, 1750, 1762shop sign crown & sc, 1831trade card, 1763

Crosby, Daniel IIcoin sc mkr, 1760D C mark on wts, 1830dates, 1750, 1760

Crosby, Jamescoin wts mkr, 1764dates, 1764I*C on wts, 1764succeeded by Pickering, David, 1765, 1831

Cross, definition, 193, 196Cross, William

dates, 638wts, 585, 617, 638

Cross, William & Sondates, 638wts, 617, 638

Cross, William & Son Ltddates, 638wts, 638

Cross,A T Co, 3473Cross letter scale

advertisement for, 3476-3477bases on, 3474-3475graduations on, 3473-3475hanging versions, 3473-3475inscription on, 3474-3475mechanism on, 3474-3475pendulums, 3477with stand, 3474-3475

"Cross Peerless Letter/Parcel Scales"(article by Fultz), 3473-3477

Cross Pen Co, 3473Cross within 4 crosses, 45

mark on wts, 45see also Abingdon

Crossed keys (mark on wts), 122Crossword, by Brass, 254, 282Crotti Co, Italian sc mkr, 2027

Crowden & Garrod, see also catalogueCrown

double rose coin, 953French coin circulating in GB, 953see also weights, denomination, crown

Crown immunity, G P O, 1036Crown mark on coin wts

Royal Mint, 1604Sheffield assay mark, 1474

Crowns three & rugged cross mark, 1928see also Nottingham

Crowns three in line see CologneCrowns three vertically stacked, 1928

see also HullCrowther-Benyon (author), 986, 1796Cruciform rocker, 190-191, 1561

markings explained, 191CTR, 3251

see also Computing Tabulating Recording CoCube wts see weight, shapeCuff, John, scientific instrument mkr, 1850Cullinan, Sir Thomas, 2693Culling, 461, 1041-1042Culmer, J W, American patentee, 217Cummings, D

American ccd patentee, 841, 2061ccd, 841

Cunliffe & Owen, annotaters for Board of Trade, 2209-2210

Cup bearings, definition, 196Cup wts see weight, shape, nestingCupcake wts see weight, shapeCupid's bow, definition, 193, 196Cupping glass

mark of Deinert, Paulus, 542mark of Loss, Johann, 542

Curie, Pierre, torsion balance of, 2183Curie, Pierre & Marie, designers, 702, 764, 843Current wt, definition, 196Cusp box end, definition, 172, 196Cust (author), 749Cut from solid (CFS) box

definition, 196see also box, CFS

Cut to cotton, 1170Cut to run, 1170Cut to worstead, 1170Cuthbeard, 1765

see also Cuthbert, JohnCuthbert, John

imprisoned, 1773master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755

Cuthbert & Pariscoin wts mkr, 1765, 1771-1772Cuthbert, John & Paris, Henry, 1765dates, 1765official wts mkrs for Ireland, 1755Standard weights mkr, 1765succeeded by Kidder, Vincent, 1772successors of Lord Richard, 1825

Cutlers Co Guild, 1727CW (béranger mkr), 2440

Cylindrical wts see weight, shape, cylindricalCypher, definition, 196Cypriot see weights, nationalityCyrani, Albert

American patentee, 3134-3138census listings, 3135-3136directory listings, 3135

Cyrani & Reinhardtapothecary scale mkr, 3134-3138apothecary scale patentees, 3134-3138apothecary scale washer assembly, 3136

Cyrani,Albert, apothecary scale patentee, 3134-3136Czechoslovakia, 2320

Phanzeder, 2320-2321Prague, 2320-2321

Czechoslovakiankitchen sc, 544, 551, 753sc mkr, Pearl, 551, 753

"Czechs and Balances" (article by Knights), 2320-2322

DD see droemt; weights, denomination, pennyweightsD B (C-spring mkr), 1874D C, 1761

wts mkr, 586see also Crosby, Daniel

D C B (mark on wts), 69D C C (mark on wts), 69D G & Co, wts mkr, 638D J, French wts mkr, 600D L C (mark on wts), 164"D L Vaid, Indian scale-maker" (article by Wilson), 2420D M, C-spring mkr, 1875D P, 17, 1765

C-spring mkr, 1875French sc mkr see Pascal, Dominiquesee also Pickering, David

D R G M, Deutches Reichs Gebrauchsmuster, 703, 1651, 1902

D R P, Deutches Reichs Patent, 703D V

French mkr postal sc, 41postal sc mkr, 41, 1368

Da Vinci, Leonardopendulum resistant scale, 2179, 3354scale inventor, 2179, 3354self-balancing scale, 2179-2180self-indicating readout scale, 2179-2180

Dacre family history, 2926-2927Dagger in shield crowned mark, 1978

see also LondonDagger mark see City of LondonDairy Herd Improvement Association, (DHIA), 3420Dairy sc, 2489-2492

mkrDairyman's Supply Co, 224, 2489-2492Salters, 526Vertex Industries Inc, 1000

pot, 1452spring, 224, 526, 2489-2492torsion, 1000see also Butter sc

Dairyman's Supply Co, 3363, 3422milk sc, 223-224, 2489-2492, 3422

Dairymen's Supply Codairy sc, use of, 2491-2492dairy sc mkr, 2489-2492

Dakin Manufacturing CoOld Advert, 1944spring bal mkr, 1933-1934

Dale, C B see CoalbrookdaleDamiani, Antonio

coin sc mkr, 1101diamond sc mkr, 1101

Damper, 2833definition, 227, 230, 313, 700-701glycerine filled, 2452oil, 3231pendulum sc with, 677, 1704, 3231pneumatic, 2591spring bal with, 1599see also dashpot; magnetic damper

Dampieras author, 398pendulum sc mkr, 399, 1913

Dampier, C E, patentee, 398-399, 1223Damping

air cylinder, 700-702, 764, 843air pump, 719eddy current, 2190-2191electromagnetic, 2190glicerine, 2213magnetic, 2189-2191, 2591oil, 872, 2190, 2833, 3231

Dancer, J Bprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Danell & Hill's "Alexandra Person & Package Scale" (article), 2240-2242

Danforth (author), 1434Danforth, E Zac (author), 1434Danforth's, "Scales as Symbols" (article), 739-749Daniel Schall & Co., 2458Daniels, George

apprentice of Court, Richard II, 1738foreman to Court, Alice, 1738, 1742

Daniels, J B, bread sc mkr, 1089Daniels, William, patentee, 2821-2822Danin, Dr. Zipora, 3206Danish patentee, Thiele, F A, 825Danish sc

grain, 825steelyard, 535

Danish sc mkr, Thiele, F A, 825Darby, Richard see Bradford, Darby & HullsDashpot

ASCO scale with, 2157-2160coin operated person sc with, 2427, 2433computing scale with, 2131-2140, 2160, 2213definition, 227, 230, 313, 700-701glicerine, 2213oil, 2164-2165, 3020paddle, 2164-2165

definition, 2159-2160pendulum sc with, 677, 1704, 2131-2140, 2213, 2433powder scale with, 3020Sauter's use of, 2166spring bal with, 1599vertical, 2164-2165see also damper; oil-damping

Data-Link, Rolamite mkr, 2500Data-Link Corp., 2477-2478Data sheets, ISASC, 17Davenport, William S, 2426

coin operated sc mkr, 2424, 2426coin operated sc patentee, 2424, 2426

Davenport Portable Scale Co, assignor, 2862Davenport's patent, 2424

dash-pot, 2424levers, 2424platform, 2424rolling levers, 2424

Daventry mark, 1960Davey, John, spring bal mkr, 1508"David McConnell Smyth-Inventive Genius"(article by

Beare), 3428-3431Davidson, W H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Davies, Joseph


Davies, W G, weigh scoop patentee, 492Davignon, roberval sc mkr, 2487Davis, A B & Co

coal sc mkr, 785hay sc mkr, 785Old Advert, 785person sc mkr, 785platform sc mkr, 785railway sc mkr, 785

Davis, David Porterapprentice of Plympton, Henry, 2643apprentice of Willard, Aaron Jr, 2368clock mkr, 2375working with Howard, Edward, 2643

Davis, David Porter Jr, clock mkr, 2375Davis, George

ccd, 269, 274, 276, 717, 1180ccd patentee, 1179, 1748patentee, 717, 1210

Davis, James, sc mkr, 3090Davis, John

coin sc mkr, 1508date, 1508

Davis, Johnstonedates, 1768sc mkr, 1768

Davis, Williamdates, 1768sc mkr, 1768

Davis & Southerton, bread, Sc, 23, 1095Davy, Humphrey, Lunar Society associate, 1120Dawson, George E, Michigan patentee, 3245Dawson, James, inspector for Cawood, Wistow & Otley,

1971Dawson & Smith, sc mkrs, 3089

Day, William Chambersanalytical sc mkr, 810apothecary wts mkr, 829bullion bal mkr, 810coin sc mkr, 810coin wts, 919, 1127-1132dates, 810design Registration, 829diamond sc mkr, 810patentee, 1636platform sc mkr, 696succeeded by Day, William Chambers & Co, 810weighing machine mkr, 696

Day, William Chambers & Coapoth wt mkr, 829dates, 810succeeded by Day & Millward, 810successors of Day, William Chambers, 810

Day & Co, wt mkr, 386Day & Millward, 1442, 1451, 1791, 2963

accelerating roberval postal sc mkr, 2308apoth wt mkr, 829apothecary sc mkr, 802bread, sc mkr, 1089, 1586coin operated sc mkr, 2495computing sc mkr, 1516counter sc mkr, 711, 1451dates, 810, 1729double roberval, 1725French counter roberval sc, 1442grocers sc mkr, 1442Imperial weighing machine mkr, 1442inspectors sc mkr, 1791inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469lion agate sc, 1442London pattern, 1647patentee, 1442platform sc mkr, 1636postal sc mkr, 1516, 2308postal steelyard, 1516pot plate, 1441potato scale mkr, 2963registered design, 1442, 1642roberval sc mkr, 711, 802, 1725saddled steelyard mkr, 2504shop sc mkr, 711steelyard mkr, 1516, 2504succeeded by Day & Millward Co, 810successors of Day, William Chambers & Co, 810trade sc mkr, 1442vegetable scale mkr, 2963vibrating counter roberval sc, 1442weighing machine mkr, 1451wt mkr, 83-84, 385, 789, 829see also catalogue

Day & Millward Co, successors of Day & Millward, 810Day & Millward Ltd

dates, 810person sc mkr, 1707, 1709shop sc mkr, 958

Dayotas, Pete, 3071Dayton

American scale made by Pooley, Henry & Son, 1093American scale maker, 3316-3317

Dayton Automatic Scale Co., 2206Dayton Moneyweight Scale Co., 2206Dayton Royal Computing Sc, bRead, sc mkr, 1093Dayton Scale Co., 2206, 3251, 3257, 3316Dayton Scale Co, American scale maker, 3316Dayton Scale Co., division of Hobart Manufacturing Co.,

2207De Corduanier, Gerard, coin weight mkr, 2517De Grave, Charles II, coin sc mkr, 242De-Liar, Langley, 2945-2948De Mez, Georg, bal mkr, 2657De oudste Muntgewichten uit de Nederlanden 1300-1600

(review), 2354De Vilbiss, Allen, coin operated sc patentee, 2460De Villar, Pedro, minter, 3223Deadweight machine, 132-133, 714, 853, 974-975, 1648,

2959-2963accelerating, 714, 1648, 2961testing, 714

Deadweight scaleaccoutrements for, 2962British, 2951, 2959-2963description of, 2959-2963mkr

Barratt, 2961Gatward, 2961Tong, 2961Wisbech, 2961

potato, 2959-2963weights for, 2962

"Deadweights at the Bottom of my Garden" (article by Knights), 1635-1636

Dean, HenryAmerican sc mkr, 3131candlestick sc mkr, 3131

Deane, Johncoin sc mkr, 207dates, 1727master of Taylor, William II, 1736member of Cutlers Co, 1727

Deane brothers, consulting with Siebe, 3357-3358Dearborn, Benjamin, 3038

American sc mkr, 37-3039, 1189, 1211-1216, 1554, 2369, 2639-2643, 3037-3039

balanced platform mkr, 2643bullion bal mkr, 1189, 3037-3039carriage platform mkr, 2643coin sc patentee, 2064dates, 3038gold standard bal mkr, 1211-1216, 2369, 2642-2643,

3037-3039hydrostatic bal mkr, 2642-2643proportional bal mkr, 2642-2643US Patentee, 2639-2643vibrating steelyard mkr, 2639-2643

patent changes, 2639-2642Dearborn, Benjamin (article), 1211-1216Dearborn, John M

American sc mkr, 1554cooking range, 1554

"Dearborn's Gold Standard Balance" (article by Crawforth D), 1211-1216

Dearborn's patent bal, 2369, 2375, 2376, 2639-2642Dearsly, Thomas

apprentice of Stiles, William, 1740coin sc mkr, 1740dates, 1740

Debac, P B G, 2451coin operated sc patentee, 2451

Deblois, Gilbert, coin sc mkr, 2475Deblois, Lewis

coin sc mkr, 2472-2475coin sc seller, 2472-2475

Deblois, Louis see Deblois, LewisDeboos, Henry

apprentice of Winsbury, John, 1733date, 1733

Decal, restoration, 1319Deci wts see Weights, denomination, kilogramDecimal sc, 721, 2600-2601, 2961

counter, 227, 722definition, 227mkr

Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 721, 885-888Rolle, 721, 885-888Schwilgue, Jean-Baptiste, 721, 885-888Strasburg-Grafenstadt Engine Co, 888

mobile, 888model, 1113patent, 722, 887shop, 722trade, 885, 887two poises, 1664

Decimal sc inventorBéranger, Joseph, 1664Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 721, 885-888

"Decimal Scale" (article by Haeberle), 885-888Decoration, prices, 2005Decorative wts see weight, shapeDecrand

bought by Béranger, Joseph, 1664French sc mkr, 1664

Deering Precision Instruments, drug sc mkr, 1247, 2054Defacement of light coin, 1079Defiance Machine Works

advertisement, 2968, 2970advertising envelope, 2970cover (envelope), 2970proportion sc

advertisment, 2967-2968cutter head sc, 2968-2969description of, 2968-2969label, 2967

proportion sc mkr, 2967-2971see also catalogue

"Defiance Machine Works-Proportional Balance" (article by Lushbough), 2967-2971

Deflection reading, 589DeG & Co see Degrave & CoDeGrave

indenture for Standards, 184Inspector's tripod, 2448

shop, 1228DeGrave, 2224DeGrave , Mary, long period as sc mkr, 1744DeGrave, Charles & Son

DeGrave, Charles I & DeGrave, Charles II, 1737employer of Lawrence, Edward, 1738succeeded by DeGrave & Sawgood, 1737successor of DeGrave, Charles I, 1737

DeGrave, Charles Iapprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1737beam sent to Liverpool, 2007coin sc mkr, 207, 242, 246-247dates, 855, 1737employed Woodage, George Cave, 1735father of DeGrave, Charles II, 1737husband of DeGrave, Mary, 242master of Colebrook, Samuel, 1737master of Goddard, Howell, 1738master of Goulding, Somerset, 1741master of Shury, Samuel, 1738partner of Read, Samuel, 246partner of Sawgood, John, 1735succeeded by DeGrave, Charles & Son, 1737successor of Read & DeGrave, 1737trade card, 247

DeGrave, Charles IIbrother of DeGrave, Edward Abraham, 1737son of DeGrave, Charles I, 1737son of DeGrave, Mary, 242

DeGrave, Edward Abrahambrother of DeGrave, Charles II, 1737dates, 1738master of Bartlett, Charles, 1732master of Fanner, William, 1738master of Sangster, Robert, 1735partner of DeGrave, Mary, 1737son of DeGrave, Mary, 1737

DeGrave, Mary, 242coin sc mkr, 242employer of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1738long period as sc mkr, 1744mother of DeGrave, Charles II, 242mother of DeGrave, Edward Abraham, 1737partner of DeGrave, Edward Abraham, 1737partner of Sawgood, John?, 1737succeeded by DeGrave & Son, 1737successor of DeGrave, Charles & Son, 1737widow of DeGrave, Charles I, 242

DeGrave, Short, Fanner & Coapothecary sc mkr, 794, 806used abbreviated name DeGrave & Co, 1737used name DeGrave & Co, 1737

DeGrave, Short & Co, 1791dates, 1737name used by DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1737succeeded by DeGrave, Short & Co Ltd, 1737successors of DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1737

DeGrave, Short & Co Ltd, 246, 3032bought by Avery, W & T Ltd, 246, 1737, 1817dates, 1737integrated with Oertling, L Ltd, 1817integrated with Oertling, Ltd, 1817, 2790

limited Co in 1906, 1791succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1817successors of DeGrave, Short & Co, 1737

DeGrave, Short & Fannerassay balance mkr, 2154-2155, 2263dates, 1727, 1737DeGrave, Edward Abraham & Short, Samuel R &

Fanner, William, 1737diamond sc mkr, 250, 353employer of Webb, William A, 1738gold bal mkr, 2354grain sc mkr, 1727inspector's kit mkr, 2267, 2448postal scale mkr, 353, 2307, 2857-2860provider of Post Office scales, 2307Standard W & M mkr, 1720, 2448

prices for, 2252succeeded by DeGrave, Short & Co, 1737successors of DeGrave & Son, 1737used name DeGrave, Short & Co, 1737wts mkr, 1451

"DeGrave, Short & Fanner" (article by Crawforth, A), 2354, 2405-2406

"DeGrave, Short & Fanner Exported" (article by Camilleri), 2405

DeGrave & Coabbreviated name of DeGrave, Short & Co, 1737abbreviated name of DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1737abbreviated name of DeGrave, Short & Fanner & Co,

1737accuracy, 2080bread, sc mkr, 1098ladder sc, 258paper sc mkr, 1691-1692, 1697, 1703sc for comparison of local standards, 2080vibrating roverbal postal sc mkr, 2308wts, 297, 618see also catalogue

DeGrave & SawgoodDeGrave, Mary & Sawgood, John, 1737succeeded by DeGrave, Mary, 1737successor of DeGrave, Charles & Son, 1737

DeGrave & Soncoin sc, 2224

retailer, 1626coin sc retailer, 1626dates, 855, 1737DeGrave, Mary & DeGrave, Edward Abraham?, 1737employer of Sawgood, John, 1745folding gold bal retailer, 1626succeeded by DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1737successors of DeGrave, Mary, 1737Troy wt, 856working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

DeGrave Retailer, Waterlow & Sons, 3000, 3004-3005Deighton, William, 2446Deinert, Paulus

brother-in-law of Loss, Johann, 542coin sc mkr, 541dates, 542mark cupping glass, 542mark P D & ostrich, 542

Deir & Co, postal sc retailers, 938Delalande, C-spring mkr, 1875Deland, P, weigh scoop patentee, 492Dell, John, sc mkr, 2887, 3116Dell, William Rawbonn & Son


Demesne bread, 1052Demi-lune, 1863

see also mancurDemonetisation 1733, 1060Demonetisation 1773, 496Demonetisation 1776, 2068Demonetisation 1892, 1126Demy, 1695dendrochronological evidence, 3213Dénéreux, 2516Denford, Vernon, biography, 3344Denford's

"Australian Pendulum Postal" (article), 2407-2408"John White & Son Postal Balance" (article), 3342-

3344print of Springer Torsion Bal, 671

Denier de Calais, 1561see also pennies

Denier of Paris, 1991Denison, Edmond Beckett

poise collecting postal scale, 2123poise lifting postal scale, 2123

Denison, Samuel & Son Co Ltdcounter sc mkr, 1183crane weigher mkr, 1532roberval sc mkr, 1183see also catalogue

Denison, Samuel & Son Ltdcrane weigher mkr, 1531-1532dates, 1531

"Denison Lent" (article by Rangeley), 1531-1532Dennison, Aaron, watch maker, 2368, 2372Dent (author), 24Dental sc, 227Dentists sc

mkr, Amalgamated Dental Company Ltd, 2056rocker, 227, 2056

Denton, Joseph, coin sc retailer, 1626Dent's Old English Bronze Wool Weights (review), 187Denver Balance Co., assay bal mkr, 2498Department of Trade & Industry, 1159Depierris, H A, patentee, 454-455Déposé, definition, 227, 3481Depose see Déposé"Depressed Tourist Turns Expert" (article by Sait), 3015-

3016Derave, Charles II, coin sc mkr, 242Derbyshire, geology of, 3295, 3297Derbyshire craftsmen, 3299DeRyuter, NY, location of Zenith egg sc, 3082Desaguliers, Dr, scientist, 659Deschamps, J, hydraulic sc patentee, 509-510Descriptive List of Elementary Physical Experiments 1887,

by Harvard College, 3092

DesignArt Nouveau, 2438Baroque, 2438Rococo, 2438

Design patent, 2342Design registration see registered designDestruction, 555, 588Detecto, competitor of Hanson, 2973Detecto Scales

bought by Counselor, 3011liquidation of, 3010

Detecto Scales producing Metro bath scales, 3010Detroit Automatic Scale Co, 3151, 3244, 3249, 3251

MI sc mkr, 3034Detroit City Directory, 3254Detroit Computing Scale Co, 3250, 3256, 3260

MI sc mkr, 3034see also Standard Computing Scale Co

Detroit Scale Manufacturing Co, 3251Detroit Scale Mfg Co, MI sc mkr, 3034Deutches Reichs Patent, D R P, 1633"Developing Torsion Balances" (article by Crawforth-

Hitchins & Leadbetter), 2611-2615Development of the Chemical Balance by Stock (review),

87, 187Devey, John

dates, 1508spring bal mkr, 1508

Devonshire mark, 1981Dewsbury mark, 2031Deyerlein, Johann Georg, patent agent, 888Dial

definition, 228engraving, 448pot, 1452slanting, 1248

Dial face spring bal see Spring bal, dial faceDial-face spring bal mkr, first, Hanin, 1073Dial indicator, definition, 228Dial-poise steelyard, definition, 1027Dial reading sc, Vertex Industries Inc, 1000Diamond

Cullinan, 2693Hope, 2694

Diamond registration mark see Registration markDiamond sc, 2393-2394, 2447, 2619-2622, 2650-2654,

2691-2695electronic, 2694glass-cased, 493, 1724, 1791hand-held, 189, 210, 247, 250, 353, 592, 798, 1101,

1392, 1396, 1731-1734, 2225-2226, 2619makers, list, 2695mkr

Avery, W & T, 2653Bartlett, Charles, 1732Damiani, Antonio, 1101, 2622Day, William Chambers, 810Degrave, Short & Fanner, 250, 353, 2393-2394Driver & Sons, 1734Fournel, Antoine, 189, 863Freeman, Samuel, 2650Haigis, 493

Koritschoner, David, 1724, 1791, 2653Lewis & Nicholl, 1733Neale, Samuel, 2654Neven, Peter, 2653Overing, Thomas, 247Roberts, Timothy & Son, 1731, 2650Samuel, Neale, 2225-2226Snart, John, 210, 2619Sommers, Charles I, 1392Sommers & Son, 1396Vandome, 592Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 1734Webb, R W, 798Williams, Thomas, 2651Young, John I, 1734

unmarked continental, 2651-2653Diamond sc nationality

British, 210, 247, 250, 592, 798, 810, 1392, 1396, 1724, 1731-1734, 2393-2394, 2619, 2650-2654, 2691-2692

French, 189, 476, 2691, 2693German, 493-494, 1142, 2693Indian, 2393-2394, 2693Italian, 1101, 2622

"Diamond Scales" (article by Sait), 2619-2622"Diamond Scales" Part 2 (article by Sait), 2650-2654"Diamond Scales" Part 3 (article by Sait), 2691-2695Diamond shovel, French, 476Diamond tweesers, 2654Diamond weighing, carat metrique, 1142, 2621-2622, 2693Diaper stamps, box, 1356, 1382Diaz, Mireya (biography), 3147Diaz & Neuhauser's "A 1883 Research Study Used a

Fairbanks Postal Office Scale" (article by), 3147-3148

Dicas, Anneaddresses, 2014dates, 2014daughter of Dicas, John, 2004hydrometer mkr, 2014wife of Gamage, Benjamin, 2004, 2014

Dicas, Johnaddresses, 2013dates, 2013father-in-law of Arstall, George, 2004father of Dicas, Anne, 2004father of Dicas, Mary, 2003hydrometer inventor, 2003hydrometer mkr, 2003scientific instrument mkr, 2013

Dicas, Maryaddresses, 2013dates, 2013daughter of Dicas, John, 2003hydrometer mkr, 2003mother of Arstall, Ellen, 2003mother of Arstall, Frederick Dicas, 2004partner of Arstall, George, 2003scientific instrument mkr, 2013wife of Arstall, George, 2003-2004

Dicas & Arstalladdresses, 2014

dates, 2014Dicas, Mary & Arstall, George, 2003scientific instrument mkr, 2014

Dicas Patent Hydrometer Manufactoryaddresses, 2014dates, 2014hydrometer mkr, 2014owned by Gamage, Benjamin, 2014

"Dick's Earthenware Weights" (article), 83-86Dictionary of English Weights & Measures by Zupko

(review), 186Dictionary of W & M for the British Isles by Zupko

(review), 1074Diderot & L'Alembert (authors), 468-476, 629-632, 1863,

2006Die Merkzeichen der Nürnberger Rotschmiede by Lockner

(review), 557Die Münzwaage in der Hand des Sammlers by Bastian

(review), 619Die Waage des Chemikers, The Chemist's Balance by

Jenemann (review), 189, 2183, 2239Diet sc

mkrChatillon, J & Sons, 1250Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 524, 551Troemner, H, 1250

spring, 524-525, 546, 551, 1250steelyard, 1250

Dieudonne (author), 87, 498, 879, 881, 1562, 1607, 1796, 1879

Dieudonne's Manuel des Poids Monetaires (review), 87, 186

Differential transformer, definition, 2215Diminished coin, 265Dinar wts see Weights, denominationDirectory, city, Hartford, CT, 2099Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-

1851, 2252Crawforth input, 1967-1968

Dirham, mass changes, 1025Dirhams see weights, denomination, dirhamDispensing sc see apothecary scDisquè, David, bèranger mkr, 2441District numbers, inspectors mark, 47-48Divisions, definition, 228Dixey, Charles Wastell


Dixon & Vardy, wts mkr, 638Dobra, Portuguese coin, 1062Dobson, Samuel, sc mkr, 3089Documents

Government, useful, list of, 2095Standard of W & M in the Exchequer (1497), 1090useful, Ministry of Agriculture & Commerce 5 Dec.,

1840, 2483Dodge Mfg Co, counter sc, 361Dodge Scale Co

micrometer counter sc, 505patentee, 504

Dodo ball, 3172, 3174

info on, 3173-3174Dodo ball scale, 3172-3177, 3174

patent, 3174see also bowling ball scale

Doerr's Salter, Gram bal, letter to editor, 1142Doherty, P, ccd patentee, 876Dollond, George

brass box supplier, 1787precision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Dolphin/fish, mastersign, 1876Dolphins, two

mark, 1960see also Brighton

Domenech, Arnaldo, chart mkr, 776-783"Domestic!" (article by Knights), 2073-2075Domestic sc, in trade (article by Knights), 2073-2075Dominion Egg Scales, 3333

description of, 3333Dominion of Canada, 2264DON with rose, 1972

see also DoncasterDoncaster, coin sc retailer, 282Doncaster mark, rose, 1972Doniger & Boogaard's, "French Patent Postals" (article),

1535-1537Doniger's

"Cricket Anyone?"(article), 3407-3408"Dr C H Fitch Ingenious Inventor" (article), 2038-2049"Julian H Becker" (article), 2164-2165"Ohaus Numiscales" (article), 2775-2777"Scales of the Gold Rush" (article), 151-158, 2194

Donovan,Michael, Chemistry professor, 3437Dopp, Heinrich Friedrich, 2275

successor to Bernstein, Alex, 2275Dormant, platform sc, 1457, 3072Dorsman, Paulus

coin sc mkr, 849dates, 850trade card, 849

Do'tchinChinese sc, 56, 157, 225, 269, 926definition, 228English, 1718-1719, 1853Japanese sc, 59, 926market, 57

Do'tchin, 56-57, 157, 224, 227, 1718-1719"Do'tchin" (article by Thurkow), 55-59Double arrestment gear, 751Double beam sc, steelyard, 1528, 1537-1538Double button catch, Charles I, 1011Double cone beam, Ramsden, Jesse, 1720, 1745Double cone wts see weight, shapeDouble ducat sc, 541Double headed eagle, mark on wts, 1428-1429Double hole end

definition, 172, 228see also beam end shapes

Double pendulum see Pendulum scDouble radial arrestment, used by Becker's Sons, 2607Double roberval, Day & Millward, 1725

Double sovereign, coin minted 1823, 1126Double sovereign wt see Weights, denominationDouble weighing machine, Herbert & Sons, 1725Dougall, R

succeeded by Warmisham, Samuel, 1733successor of London, Frederick Stephen, 1733

Douglas, N S, weigh scoop patentee, 492Douglas, William & Sons, butchers sc retailer, 1726Douglas' "Response to Bate" (article), 2279-2280Dove letter scale, 3196-3200

box, 3196-3197description of, 3196-3197

Dover mark, 1982Dowling, Edward

dates, 1738partner of Hamshaw, Thomas Philip, 1739patentee, 1445

Dowling & Hamshawdates, 1739Dowling, Edward & Hamshaw, Thomas Philip, 1739succeeded by Hamshaw, Thomas Philip, 1739

Downing, J S, patentee, 511Doyle, J & Son

dates, 1736succeeded by Doyle & Son, 1736successor of Doyle, John, 1736

Doyle, Johnapprentice of Smith, Thomas, 1736dates, 1736succeeded by Doyle, J & Son, 1736

Doyle, Leonardsucceeded by Doyle & Son, 1738successor of Wenborn, Frederick Thomas, 1738

Doyle & Sondates, 1733precision bal mkr, 1791at same address as Gilbert, John A & Co, 1736at same address as Tadloo, Alfred, 1733successors of Doyle, J & Son, 1736successors of Doyle, Leonard, 1738successors of Nicholl & Fowler, 1733

Dr, see also weight systems, dram; weights, denomination, dram; weights, denomination, drop; weights symbols, dram

"Dr. C H Fitch dates" (article by Katz), 2185"Dr. C H Fitch Ingenious Inventor" (article by Doniger),

2038-2049Drachm, definition, 828, 1121Dragon, wts mkr, 865Drake, Humphrey, master of Griggs, John, 1735Drake, Mahlon S, candlestick sc mkr, 3131Dram, definition, 828, 1121Drap (drop) see PendantDrapers Co Guild, 1727Drawer

bow front, 1674equal-arm, 1690roberval, 1679

Dresden, 2320Dresser, Gordon, 3056, 3123DRGM, definition, 703, 757Drill, inspectors, 120

Dring & Fagedates, 1727Dring, John & Fage, William I, 1727grain sc mkr, 1727precision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787see also catalogue

Driver, George & Sonsucceeded by Driver, George & Son Ltd, 1734successors of Driver & Son, 1734

Driver, George & Son Ltdowned by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1734succeeded by Driver, Southall Ltd, 1734successors of Driver, George & Son, 1734

Driver, John Samuelapprentice of Vandome, Richard, 1734foreman of Vandome, Richard, 1734partner of Bastick, Thomas, 1734

Driver, Southall Ltdautomatic weighing machines mkr, 1734successors of Driver, George & Son Ltd, 1734successors of Southall & Smith, 1734

Driver & Sonsdates, 1734diamond sc mkr, 1734succeeded by Driver, George & Son, 1734successors of Bastick & Driver, 1734

Droemt, 825Drop see Pendant"Drop units" (article by Simpson), 2068-2072DRP, definition, 703, 757Drug sc

mkrDeering Precision Instruments, 1247, 2054Magic Dragon Ent, 2055

nationality, American, 1247, 2054steelyard, 1247, 2054, 2055

Drug store sc, mkr, Becker's Sons, 477, 3268"Drug Store Scale" (article by Boogaard), 477-478, 3268Drug Weighing in Britain by Crellin & Scott (review), 87Druggists sc, 1000, 1643, 2050-2052, 2187, 3134-3138,

3488béranger, 2051equal-arm, 2050mkr

Avery, W & T, 3488Buffalo Scale Co, 2051Cyrani & Reinhardt, 3134-3138Fairbanks & Co, 78, 86, 107, 109, 2050, 2187Howe Scale Co, 2050Torsion Balance Co, 2052Troemner, Henry, 1643

roberval, 2050, 3488steelyard, 2050, 2052torsion, 2052see also apothecary sc

Drum, definition, 192, 228Drury, J F, plaster pattern mkr, 1787Dry measure

plywood, 1160turned wood, 1160

Du Brul, NapoleonTorsion scale inventor, 2615-2616Torsion scale patentee, 2615-2616

Dual purpose sc, coin & postal sc, rocker, 2060Dual-purpose sc, coin & postal sc, steelyard, 1681Dublin mark

C D, 20C D on coin wts, 1471

Dubois, Jacques, C-spring mkr, 1875Ducat

coinage, 310, 953see also weights, denomination

Ducat sc, 228, 541definition, 228mkr, Deinert, Paulus, 541pre-loaded pan, 541rocker, 1340-1341

Ducatoon see weights, denomination, ducatoonDucats see weights, denomination, ducatDuchess see PelouzeDudley, Robert, 3211Dudley-Westropp's Notes on Irish Money Weights

(review), 87Duggan,Mona, Biography, 3413Duggan's "Why Check for Counterfeits?" (article), 3409-

3413Duke d'Anjou, 3211Duke of Devonshire, 3294Dumaine, C-spring mkr, 1875Dumaine, P, C-spring mkr, 432, 435, 1875Dunbar, Malcolm, son-in-law of Oertling, Henry, 1817Dunbar, Malcolm & Nalder, Francis, managers of Oertling,

L Ltd, 1817Dunn, John

apprentice of Goodman, John, 1729, 1731dates, 1723, 1731sc mkr, 1723, 1729

Dupas see Michalet, E M & Dupas, H GDuplex Handy Scale, weighing ladle mkr, 1945Dupont, J au Fresne, C-spring mkr, 1875Dust-cap, blued steel, 1588Dutch East Indies, 3231Dutch end

definition, 172see also beam end shapes

Dutch Metrologic Society, 3233Dutch Post, 3230-3234

Velthoen scales for, 3230-3234Dutch Postal sc mkr

Haagse Balansen en Gewichtenfabriek, 3233-3234Velthoen, 3230-3234, 3267

Dutch War of Independence, 1568-1648, 3218Dutton, J. B., 3240-3241Dutton, J B, advertisement, 3240-3241Dutton, J B & Co, 3240Dutton, J B Mfg Co, MI sc mkr, 3034Dutton, James

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1733coin sc mkr, 1729dates, 1733foreman of Vincent & Chancellor, 1733master of Ballard, Jonathan Delver, 1747

master of Hawkes, Joshua, 1733master of Savage, Joseph, 1732partner of Smith, William, 1730

Dutton, Joseph, partner of Linabury, A, 3240Dutton, Joseph B., 3240-3241

apprentice of Mathews, A B, 3240biography, 3240-3241grain scale ad, 3240living in Chatham, Ontario, 3240working at Bennett, Knickerbocker & Co, 3240working in Union Mills, 3240

Dutton & Mossironmonger, 2006, 2014trade sc mkr, 2006

Dutton & Smithcoin sc mkr, 1733Dutton, James & Smith, William, 1733succeeded by Smith, William & Co, 1733successors of Smith, William, 1733successors of Vincent & Chancellor, 1733

Dwt see weights, denomination, pennyweightsDye, John S

ccd mkr, 874mkr of Doherty's patent, 876Old Advert, 874

Dyer (author), 498, 1081, 1083, 1796Dynamometer, 224-225, 547, 2169-2170, 3150, 3499-3504

Salter, 224, 547, 3502-3503Dynamometer mkr

Avery, 3503Chatillon, 3501, 3503Heenan-Froude, 3503Salter, 224, 547, 3502-3503Slight, 3150Ubrig, E & Co, 1439

EE & T Fairbanks & Co, reorganized 1874, 3064E Award, received by Hanson Scale, 2977E E C Egg Weight Grades, 412E II R crowned, 21E J, French wts mkr, 600E L B, spring bal mkr, 1986E L S, C-spring mkr, 1875E R see Elizabeth IE R crowned, 23

mark on wts see weights, monarch, Edward VIIsee also Elizabeth I

E R Ymark on wts, 122see also Yorkshire East Riding

E U trade mark, Ubrig, Emil & Co, 1890E W

parcel sc mkr, 1258, 1907possibly W E, 1258, 1907spring bal mkr, 1258, 1907

E Z see Carlstedt Mfg CoEades, Richard, 3123Eagle, postal sc, 1254"Earliest Computing Scale?" (article by Crawforth, A),

2300-2306"Earliest English Coin Weights" (article by Houben), 1561-

1562"Earliest U K Postal?" (article by Mussell), 2Earlville, NY, home of Zenith egg scales, 3056, 3081Early Arabic Glass Weights & Stamps by Miles (review),

188"Early History of Inclination Balance" (article by

Jenemann), 571-578, 602-610Early Letter Weighing Devices of Great Britain by Wortley

(review), 87"Early Platform Scales" (article by Crawforth), 655-661,

692-699, 721-728"Early Recording Milk Scale" (article by Schmidt), 2489-

2492Early U S postal system (letter from Carley), 1017Earth to Heaven, royal animal-shaped weights of the

Burmese empires by Gear (review), 1662-1663Earthenware wts

article by Dick, 83-86see also weights, material

East Berlin, 2320East Lake style, spring bal, 1600Easter bread, 1052Eastern Mediterranean, weight, bronze, 2149Eayre, Joseph, platform sc mkr, 659-660, 710, 722EBay, internet auction, 3190, 3491Economist Guide to Weights & Measures (review), 188Ecu see weights, denomination, ecuEdgell, James

patentee, 661weighing machine mkr, 661

Edinburgh assay office, mark on wts, 45Edison, Thomas, inventor, 3243Edley, William


"Edme Régnier" (article by Pommier & Simcock), 2171-2172

Edward II of G B, weigh-beam, 730Edward IV of G B

coin wts, 882, 917coinage, 913see also weights, monarch

Edwards, George, consulting with Siebe, 3357-3358EEC, European Economic Community, 3188Efficient choice of sc, 973Egan, G, The Medieval Household, 2109Egg, categories see egg gradesEgg & letter sc, 375, 381, 415, 1263Egg candler, 376, 2295, 2297-2298, 3236

function of, 2297purpose of, 2297

Egg grades, 2295, 2833, 3330-3334Egg grading, 2834, 3188, 3330-3334

British, 3188German, 3188

Egg laws, state, 3331Egg poise see weights, purposeEgg sc

article by Amsbaugh, 3056-3059, 3081-3084, 3118-3123, 3257-3258, 3397-3400, 3483-3487

article by Costa, 1275-1284, 1311-1317

article by Crawforth, 375-389, 410-419, 919-924article by Foster, 2833-2835article by Jibben, 2295-2299, 3330-3334bilateral pendulum, 415, 3324bismar, 379bob up rocker, 379bow front, 383, 417, 552, 922, 932with candler, 2295, 2833-2834, 3236, 3484distributor

Brower Mfg. Co, 3486-3487Coast Agencies Ltd, 3486Cornell Univ Co-op Society, 3487Eastern Steel Products Ltd, 3483Graham Metal Products Ltd, 3483Lilly, Charles H Co, 3486Rideau Specialty Co, 3484

double pendulum, 1659, 2951double poise on, 3153-3154enamelled quadrant dial on, 3153-3154equal arm, 376, 381equal arm & pillar, 381, 922equal arm & spring, 922German, 3153-3154grader, 413, 2295-2299, 3236, 3330-3334graduations on, 2295, 3330-3334half roberval & pendulum, 379, 383, 415, 417, 958half roberval & spring, 133, 381, 383, 415half roberval & steelyard, 375, 379, 383, 415, 1278,

1312half roberval & weight lifting, 340mass stabilised, 415mkr

A A see C S H Industries IncA B C, 379-380, 1279A B F see Mount Tacoma Mfg CoAcme see Speciality Mfg CoAvery, W & T, 922Bedell, O W, 1284, 1314Berkeley see egg sc, mkr, EggXactBernard, 384, 924Betterway, 379Bramall & Brookes-King, 413Brower Mfg Co, 920, 1284, 1313, 1315, 3236C S H Industries Inc, 417, 1315

A A Featherlite trade name, 416, 1315Carlstedt Mfg Co, 41, 379-380, 414-415, 1276,

1313Champion trade name, 414E Z trade name, 380

Champion see Carlstedt Mfg CoChatillon, John & Sons, 417, 1282-1283, 1601Columbus see Maul, Philipp JakobCope & Cope Ltd, 415, 921

Summit-Hanning trade name, 414-415, 921E Z see Carlstedt Mfg CoEggXact, 383, 1277Elt, George H Ltd, 378-379, 383

Eltex trade name, 378Royston trade name, 384

Frost Poultry Fences, 1279Gilt Edge see White Mfg CoGradencandle Mfg Co, 1283-1284

Gradenway, 1313Hart, 1279Hart, D W Mfg Co, 1279Hart, H W Mfg Co, 1283Hartner, 381Hyda see Standard Egg Scales; Vancouver

Importing CoJaCeM, 923-924James Mfg Co, 376, 378-379, 381, 415-417, 919,

1281, 3483Reliable trade name, 380, 3308-3309

Jiffy Way Inc, 379, 1314, 2295-2299Johnson, Clapham & Morris Ltd, 416-417Jolly, CC, 2296Kahlert Mfg Co, 1313Kresky, 1276-1278, 1284Kwikway, 383Lincoln Mfg, 415, 1276M in star see Maul, Philipp JakobM M & S see egg sc, mkr, Myers, M & Son LtdMagic, 1279, 1279

see also Natl Poultry Equipt CoMascot see Oakes Mfg Co IncMaul, Philipp Jakob, 383, 415, 1659, 3153-3154,

3324Columbus trade name, 414M in star trade mark, 382

Mount Tacoma Mfg Co, 381, 1312A B F trade name, 382

Myers, M & Son Ltd, 383M M & S trade name, 382

Natl Poultry Equipt Co, 1279, 1284, 2833-2834Oakes Mfg Co Inc, 383-384, 1313, 3397-3400

Mascot trade name, 383-384Otto, H J Mfg Co, 1315, 3486-3487Pacific Poultry Appliance Co, 1277Parnall, 415Perfection see Pacific Poultry Appliance CoPetaluma Electric Incubator Co, 414-415, 1275-

1276, 1284Standard trade name, 414

Poultriquip Line see Reliable MfgProspectus Mfg Co, 922, 1314-1315, 3307Reliable Automatic Dial Egg Scale, 379, 919Reliable Mfg Co, 417, 1278, 1281, 1284, 1312-

1314, 3307-3309Speedie trade name, 414

Royal, 924, 1276Royston see egg sc, mkr, Elt, George H LtdRussell Orris Co, 2872S T S see egg sc, mkr, Turner, Samuel SnrSalter, Geo & Co Ltd, 381, 383, 383-384, 415, 417,

524, 543Salter, George & Co, 922Speciality Mfg Co, 340, 383, 410, 415, 1282, 1315,

3330-3334, 3483Acme trade name, 382, 3330-3334Unique trade name, 414, 3483

Speedie see Reliable Mfg CoSpratts Patent Ltd, 381Standard, 380, 415Standard see Petaluma Electric Incubator Co

Summit-Hanning see Cope & CopeTroemner, H, 417, 1276Turner, Samuel Snr, 37, 381, 415

S T S trade mark, 380Unique see Speciality Mfg CoWard, Montgomery & Co, 383, 1279, 1282Webb, William A, 410, 417, 905Weighmaster, 3188White Line Egg Grader see White Mfg CoWhite Mfg Co, 381, 389, 1280-1282, 1284

Gilt Edge trade name, 382Zenith, 379, 415Zenith see Bedell, O W

moving load, 379, 417, 1034name

Acme, 3330-3334Brower Chicken-Turkey Egg Grader, 3487Brower Deluxe, 3484-3486Dominion, 3333Double Duty, 3484Graham, 3483Jamesway, 3483Multiplo, 3333-3334National, 3484Oakes, 3397-3400Otto Chicken Egg Grader, 3486Unique, 3483

patent, 376-377, 389, 415, 1659, 2295pendulum, 373, 379, 381, 415, 921-922, 1313-1316,

1659, 2295-2299, 3153-3154, 3188, 3483-3487poise on, 2296pre-weighted, 3153-3154quadrant & cord, 924retailer

Cyclone, 3485Makomb, 3485Montgomery Ward, 3485

roberval, 131, 379, 415, 924rocker, 379, 381, 415, 417, 922, 1276-1277, 1279, 1283sectors on, 2295spring, 381, 383, 417, 524-526, 543, 552, 922, 1283,

1601steelyard, 376-384, 415-417, 905, 922, 1277-1279,

1281, 1313telescopic steelyard, 31, 376top pan, 552two load pivots, 1278, 3153-3154unequal arm, 378-384, 414-415, 1973Unsigned, 2872vertical indicator, 2295weight lifting, 377, 383, 410, 539, 3330-3334

Egg sc & letter sc, 381, 924, 1263, 3324half-roberval & spring top-pan, 924pendulum, 381, 3153-3154roberval, 415, 1263spring, 552

Egg sc nationalityAmerican, 379-383, 411, 415-417, 958, 1275-1284,

2833-2834, 2872, 3236, 3330-3334, 3397-3400, 3483-3487

Australian, 3333-3334Canadian, 3333, 3447, 3483-3484

English, 3188German, 2872, 3153-3154, 3188, 3324

Egg sc patenteeA B C Egg Scale, 379Bate, R O, 2872Bramall & Brookes-King, 413Brookhouse, R, 410, 416Chapman, N E, 382-383, 3330Cope & Cope, 414-415Hunt, J, 380-381Jiffy-Way Inc, 379Laughlin, 411Piejus, A H, 377, 384Powell, E E, 379-380, 1280Powell, J E, 2833-2834Thomas & Parker, 376-377White, O C, 382, 389Zimmer, Benjamin, 2295

Egg sc retailerBower Mfg Co, 1314Coast Agencies, 1315Eltex, 932, 1726Farm Master, 1314Hannaford, C A, Sydenham, 1726JaCeM, 923-924More, Ken, 920Oakes Mfg Co, 1314, 3397-3400Poultriquip Ltd, 1281, 1284Purina, 1314Standard Egg Scales, 1279Vancouver Importing Co, 1279

Egg sc test wts see weights, purposeEgg scales, Oakes, 3397-3400Egg tester mkr

Bean, 411Brookhouse, R, 416Reliable Mfg Co, 417

Egg testers, 411, 415-417Egg weight classes, 3330Egg weights, 2295Egg weights or sizes see egg gradesEggs, why weighed, 3330-3331Egyptian

balance, 2143-2144, 2176-2177, 2216, 3025, 3027civilization, evolution of, 2147, 2149coin rocker, 190coin wts see weights, nationalitysc

equal-arm, 579, 2144bronze, 2143limestone, 2143

technical achievements of, 2144weight, 2143, 2147, 2149

figural, 2147Egyptian coin rocker, 190Egyptian sc, equal-arm, 579, 3027Egyptians, scale beam ends, 2144Ehrenkreutz (author), 816Eichordnung, EO, 3188Eidelstein, Adolfo, 3206Eimer & Amend

trip sc mkr, 3095

see also catalogueʾEin Hamifratz, Israel, 3201Eke wt, definition, 694, 878Eke wts, see also weights, purposeEldred's, Sampson Mordan & Co (review), 961Electromagnetic bal mkr, Yeates & Son, 1754Electronic analytical sc, mkr, Vertex Industries Inc, 1000Electronic computer, 2216

Harvard, 2216IBM, 2216

Electronic sc, 16, 1202mkr, Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1202

Electronic top-loading sc, mkr, Vertex Industries Inc, 1000Elephant, mark on wts, 69, 1927Eligius

patron Saint of, 3454trades, 3454

Elizabeth I, coinage, 914, 984, 987Elizabethan nesting wts see weights, monarchElizer, Marshall R, biography, 2812Elizer's, "The Life of a Patentee" (article), 2812Ell measure, 1139Ellerman see Pike & EllermanEllet, Mrs, cookery writer, 1250Ellinghaus, Johan Daniel

coin sc mkr, 30, 63dates, 63

Elliott, William & Sonsprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Elliott Brosprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Elliptical spring bal mkrMarriott, Henry, 1882Pooley, Henry & Son, 1885Siebe, Augustus, 1886Siebe & Marriott, 1861

Elliptical springs, 1465, 1861, 1869, 1884multiple, 1884, 1885

Ellis, T T, weigh scoop patentee, 492Elphick, employee of Avery, W & T Ltd, 2080Elt, Geo, see also catalogueElt, George H Ltd

egg sc, 379, 384, 932Eltex trade name, 384Old Advert, 932Royston trade name, 384Smallholder trade name, 378

Eltexegg sc retailer, 932, 1726see also Elt, George H Ltd

Elvar, 2505-2506double beam steelyard, 2505-2506

Ely mark, 1929Emanuel, B D, weigh scoop patentee, 492Embden, S van

Netherlands sc retailer, 1872see also catalogue

Embossed wts, 1142

see also weight, shapeEmilton, beam sc mkr, 2314Emperor Charles V, 3214Empire Typewriter, 1256Enamel wts see weights, material, earthenwareEncased stay roberval see roberval sc, encased stayEncased stays, 1479-1488

béranger sc, 1646, 1742Encyclopaedia see book, useful, encyclopaediaEncyclopaedia of the History of Science (1996), 2091End frictions see Anti-friction plateEngelmann (author), 610England, Parker & Sommers

dates, 1730, 1735successors of Goodman, John, 1730, 1746

"English apothecary Scales & Weights" (article by Crawforth), 797-808, 826-835

English bal, 197see also roberval sc

English coin scale (query by Slaets), 2253-2256"English Coin-Weights" (article by Biggs), 879-884, 913-

919, 951-954, 984-988, 1010-1016, 1040-1046, 1060-1066, 1079-1086, 1125-1132, 2579

"English Coin Weights" (article by Houben), 1561-1562English coinage, 1849, 988"English Colonial Scales"

part 1 (article by Crawforth, D), 1778-1785, 2995part 2 (article by Zavattoni), 1818, 2995part 3 (article by Houben), 1879, 2995

response by Mallis, 1879-1880English hundredweight, wool wt, 2018English postal rates to France, 199, 353English pound

goods, 1994wool wt, 1994, 2018

English tax on wool, 2018English Turnpact Act of 1741, 2211"English W & M Inspectors" (article by Holdaway), 1835-

1836English Weights by Biggs (book review), 1661-1662Engraving dials, 448Ensign

apothecary sc mkr, 807photographic sc mkr, 807

"Entertaining Trade Cards" (article by Weiss), 898-901Envelope, with scale depicted, 2818EO, Eichordnung, 3188Equal-arm bal

accessories for, 2655buoyancy correction, 2593

Equal-arm beams, 2575-2578, 2679-2682, 2906-2908with equal graduation units, 2575with fixed pivot, pan below beam, 2575with fulcrum, 2575

central, fixed pivot, 2575with resistant, 2575

fixed pivot, 2575loose, 2575

with stabilizer, 2575fingers or pillar, 2575long cords, 2575rods or chain, 2575

suspended from hook, 2575straight, equal-arms, 2575see also even-arm sc; weigh-beam

Equal arm scwith air damping, 2662aluminium, 851American Mint, 2578apothecary, 599, 793arrestments for, 2655-2656

British, 2655-2656German, 2655-2656

assay, 154attachments for special purpose, 2662balance, 2180, 3027bank, 136, 697, 811, 1020, 1105, 1189, 1211-1215,

2577Basel, 2655béranger see bérangerboxes for, 2657with brush on arm & pendulous pointer, 2661bullion, 532, 2577button, 2578cases & containers for, 2656-2660cases for, 2658-2659with chain disc, 2661coal, 854coin, 11, 16, 26-31, 41, 49, 53-55, 61-65, 160, 178,

205-215, 282, 457, 459, 495, 507, 541, 814-817, 988, 1040, 1067, 1101, 1104, 1352-1356, 1417-1419, 2001, 2009, 2069-2070, 2578

computing, 2660cord centre pivot, 569, 2025counter, 712, 2660with damping, 2661definition, 229, 2575diamond, 1101drug, 1247egg, 2660first verification, 716fixed poise added, 1400general purpose, 2577gold, 1247, 2025with graduated arc, 2661with graticule, 2661hydrostatic, 2732for Indian market, 2577Indian Ocean, 2657inspectors,' 2577, 2659-2660kitchen, 769with loose weights, 2660mazak, 977mkr

Arzberger, F, 2662Baird & Tatlock, 2661Cavendish, 2655-2656Corless, John, 2656Georg de Mez, 2657Griffin, J J, 2662Griffin & Sons, 2656Loss, Johann, 2661Oertling, 2655, 2659Owen, G A, 2656

Oxley, Henry, 2657Robinson, T C, 2655-2656Rueprecht, 2662Sartorius, 2659, 2662Troemner, Henry, 2655, 2660, 2662

Nuremberg, 2655painted, 957paper, 1690-1694pendulum added, 577-578from Persian-Afghan border, 2659person scale, 2577Peruvian, 2905-2913pillar, 475, 559, 591, 599, 712, 1482with poise, 564, 2660with poise patent, 1400from Portugal, 2659postal, 41, 345, 562, 580, 687, 1232, 1294, 1367-1368,

1400, 1482, 1686, 2578, 3027pre-loaded pan, 541, 1294, 1313precision, 493, 563, 589, 2079Print butter test bal, 2655quadrant added, 541refinement of, 2175repairing, 8, 137-138rider wt added, 564, 2661roberval see roberval scRoman, 2176, 2660, 2907shop, 712, 769, 958short-beam, 589sight hole shears, 473steelyard extension, Caledonian sc, 692, 698tobacco, 2578tolerances, 9, 713, 716trade, 2005, 2012weight-depositor, 718-719wooden, 591

Equal Measure for Kings & Commoners Gold Weights of the Akan by Nitecki (review), 594

equerre, 3290"Equilibrium," 25th anniversary, 2787Equipoise see flagEquivalent sc

mkr, Salter, 524spring, 524

Eran's "A Roman Steelyard" (article), 168-169Ercker's, Treatise on the Art of Assaying (1574), 2117Ernst, H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Error testing, 67, 713-715Eschemann, W & Co

pendulum sc mkr, 958postal sc mkr, 958

Escritoire with sc, Sheldon, John, 1682Escudos, Portuguese coin, 1062Essex County

inspectors stamping wts, 1893mark, 2031

Esterlins, 1561see also pennies

Estimating, method, 1689Estimating sc, definition, 229Estimating scale, see also Computing scale; Counting

scale; Paper scale

Etalon, ccd, 445Etherington, John, British inspector, 2331EU, European Union, 3188Euler, L

author, 610mathematician, 602

Eureka, 1557see also Chatillon, John & Sons

Eureka Scientific Co. Ltd., Chromium-plated wt mkr, 2550"European Coin-ops" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins),

2451-2463"European Coin-ops Part 2" (article by Crawforth-

Hitchins), 2493-2496European Coin Weights for English Coins by Houben

(review), 66European Economic Community, EEC, 3188"European Porcelain wts" (article by Houben), 385-388European Union, 3188Evans, Thomas, apprentice of Pallett, Richard, 1736Even-arm sc

definition, 229see also equal-arm beams

Even bal mkr, Fairbanks & Co, 994Even bal sc, 2601

with beam, 2601Even beam sc, 2603Everitt, George

apprentice of Meymott, Clement I, 1737apprentice of Pixley, Thomas II, 1737dates, 1737master of Fage, William, 1737master of Poupard, Abraham, 1737partner of Schooling, James & Lawrence, John P, 1736

Everitt, PFather of British coin machines, 2423patentee, 518, 549, 2423-2426, 2433-2435, 2452

countries, 2423Everitt, Percival

coin operated sc patentee, 2423-2424, 2452see also Everitt, P.

Everitt's Patent, 2423-2424, 2433-2435, 2452"Everitt's Patents, 1884 & 1889" (article by Airy), 2433-

2435Everyman, drawing by Breughel, 737Evitt, John

apprentice of Brock, Richard, 1738apprentice of Brocke, Richard, 2254apprentice of Jenks, Edmund, 1738apprentice of Marsh, Elizabeth, 1738

"The Evocative Scale Queen" (article by Wehman), 2340-2343

Evolution of scales, 2175, 2213Evolution of weighing, 2239Evolution of weighing machines, 2175, 2213Evolution of weight systems, 2146-2148, 2213Ewer mark

Founders' Co, 1477see also Founders' Co

Ewing see Fairbanks & EwingExact Weight, scales made by Smith Scale Co, 2139Exact Weight Scale Co

postal sc patentee, 704-705

spring bal mkr, 704Exactus trade name, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1660"Excelente Coin-weight" (article by Biggs & Withers),

2443-2444Exchequer

transfer to Board of Trade 1876, 2076weights verified by, 3508

Exchequer mark, 3409Exchequer stamp, 3409Exchequer standards, 3148Exchequer wts, 43Exeter

mark, 1927, 1980, 2033refusing to conform, 1980

ExhibitionGreat

1851, 33031862, 3303

Exhibition catalogueGreat Exhibition 1851, 10, 1885-1886Great Exhibition 1862, 10International Exhibition of Scientific Instruments 1876,

643Paris 1867, 10

Exhibition of Scientific Apparatus, 2261Exon

mark, 1927mark on wts, 69, 164see also Exeter

Expansion spring see Spring balExperimentation, 3147

repetition, 3147scientific, 3147

blinding in, 3147Exporter, Wagstaffe, Thomas, 1491Exposed stays, béranger sc, 1646Express package steelyard, Fairbanks, 109Exupere, L

apothecary sc mkr, 599-601cloth sc mkr, 1169French sc mkr, 599-601, 1169, 1692O crowned mastersign, 600-601paper scale maker, 1690steelyard mkr, 1169wts mkr, 600

FF, on wts, 61, 353, 684, 1043F C, mark on wts, 164F D, C-spring mkr, 1875F D P, C-spring mkr, 1875F F, C-spring mkr, 1875F H

C-spring mkr, 1875V-spring mkr, 1875

F M & Co, wts, 638F T design, platform sc, 695Fabric sc see cloth scFabrique Strasbourgeoise de Constructions Mécaniques,

roberval sc mkr, 2487Face, 9, 137

definition, 9, 138

FactoryAngldile, 3160Angldile Computing Scale Co, 3161Chatillon, 3160Turnbull, 3160

Factory sc, mkr, Fairbanks & Co, 107Fage see Dring & FageFage, Elizabeth

dates, 1737succeeded by Baylis, George Henry, 1737successor of Fage, William II, 1737widow of Fage, William II, 1731

Fage, William IIapprentice of Everitt, George, 1737dates, 1731husband of Fage, Elizabeth, 1737master of Baylis, George Henry, 1737master of Phillips, Samuel, 1737succeeded by Fage, Elizabeth, 1737

Fairbanks175th celebration, 3071-3073, 3074-3076agent Berry, 2349agent Bingham, 2329American scale maker, 3316archives, 2349founder of St Johnsbury Academy, 3067hay scales, 2329-2330history, 3317label, 3075Model, 922, 3074-3076Morse & Co, Old Advert, 182, 184parts list & instructions, 3075platform steelyard, copied by Avery, 3318platform steelyard mkr, 3318postal scale, 3147-3148, 3151postal steelyard mkr, 2370schematic, 3076time capsule, 3074-3076trade card, 3439uncrated scale, 3074-3076

"Fairbanks" (article by Grice), 1422-1426Fairbanks, Brown & Co

Old Advert, 182see also catalogue

Fairbanks, E & T, 3060-3068, 3116, 3316ads in National Geographic, 3064ads in Saturday Evening Post, 3064ads in Scientific American, 3064apothecary sc mkr, 805beam scale mkr, 2582-2583cheese scale mkr, 2421-2422hay scale mkr, 3062history, 2195, 3060-3068person sc mkr, 676, 695, 2421-2422, 2423-2424platform scale mkr, 2350-2351, 2421-2422, 2423-2424,

3061-3062, 3068, 3076steelyard mkr, 723, 805, 1169, 1422using agent Little, George, 723-724weighbridge mkr, 723weighing machine, 2421-2422, 2423-2424weighlock mkr, 2211

Fairbanks, E & T & Co

awards at Great Exhibition 1851, 107building Soo Locks, 3239-3240contract for PO sc, 107exports, 107manager, Brooks, Percy C, 107

Fairbanks, Erastus, 3060, 3066, 3239Fairbanks, Erastus & Thaddeus

patent dates, 2344patent numbers, 2344patentees, 110, 2344platform sc, discussion of, 2344-2349platform sc patentee, 723, 736, 2344

Fairbanks, F, postal sc patent, 509, 511Fairbanks, Henry, 3064

patentee, 110, 724Fairbanks, Joseph F, father of Fairbanks, E & T, 3060Fairbanks, Joseph P, 2326, 3060, 3066Fairbanks, Morse & Co, 3065

Old Advert, 182, 184paper sc mkr, 1692, 1702person sc mkr, 184, 2421-2422steelyard mkr, 1702see also catalogue

Fairbanks, Stevens & Co., 2194Fairbanks, Thaddeus, 111, 396, 654, 723, 2212, 2283-2286,

2326-2329, 3060-3061, 3066-3068patentee, 110, 396, 1169, 3061platform sc inventor, 3061

Fairbanks, Thaddeus & Horace, patentees, 110Fairbanks, Thaddeus & Paddock, H, patentee, 110Fairbanks & Co

advert, 86, 142, 177, 182, 184, 992Allender's ccd, 78American ccd retailer, 2066American sc mkr, 15, 73-79, 80, 86, 100, 106-110, 142-

144, 177, 182-184, 218, 396, 405, 426-427, 676, 989-994, 1017, 1106, 1114, 1169, 1692, 1696, 1701

American sc retailer, 1665-1666apothecary sc mkr, 73, 78, 109, 143-144, 805, 1422article by Needle, 75-79, 106-110bank sc mkr, 78, 107butchers sc mkr, 108-109butter sc mkr, 109, 144, 218ccd, 15chemists sc mkr, 107cloth sc mkr, 1169coal sc mkr, 76, 86coin sc mkr, 108corn sc mkr, 78, 108counter sc mkr, 78, 109, 1807, 1811dates, 1017druggist sc mkr, 78, 86, 107, 109, 2050for English market, 1422even bal mkr, 994factory sc mkr, 107glass blowers sc mkr, 109, 994gold sc mkr, 86grain sc mkr, 989grocers sc mkr, 78, 109, 994growth, 2196hay sc mkr, 86

importing sc, 79jewellers sc mkr, 107kitchen sc mkr, 1807market sc mkr, 109marketing strategy, 2196moisture tester, 144, 218mystery sc mkr, 2582-2583nesting wts, 78new address 1856, 86paper sc mkr, 1692, 1696, 1701parcel sc mkr, 1106patent model, 1114, 2052patents, 110, 143, 396, 426, 1017, 2195-2196person sc mkr, 676photographers sc mkr, 1918platform sc mkr, 75-78, 86, 106, 109, 177, 992, 2194,

2195-2196post office sc mkr, 78, 107postal sc mkr, 78, 108-109, 405, 427, 1017, 2256-2258prescription sc mkr, 73, 78, 107-108railway sc mkr, 86retailer of Wilcox Silver Plate Co, 1665-1666shop sc mkr, 106silver sc, 107spice sc mkr, 1805spring bal mkr, 78, 86, 107steelyard mkr, 78, 143-144, 1169, 1701tobacco sc mkr, 107trade sc mkr, 107, 109trip sc mkr, 109, 3092Union sc mkr, 1836, 1838warehouse sc mkr, 86, 107, 992weighmasters sc mkr, 78wheelbarrow sc, 78wts, 109see also catalogue

Fairbanks & Co of Londoncounter sc mkr, 1647registered design, 1647see also catalogue

Fairbanks & Ewingccd mkr, 763, 3116Old Advert, 182

Fairbanks & Greenleaf, 3065Fairbanks & Hutchinson, Old Advert, 182"Fairbanks 175th Anniversary Celebration" (article by

Beare), 3071-3073Fairbanks Centennial postal scale, 3072Fairbanks distillery scale, 3073"Fairbanks Infallible Coin Sc" (query by Crawford), 2409-

2411Fairbanks Infallible Scale Co, 2410

American ccd retailer, 759, 2066manager W H Harrison, 15, 759, 2066, 2410trade card, 759

Fairbanks Morse, service tie tack, 3516Fairbanks-Morse Development Fund, 2805Fairbanks postal scale

adopted by U.S. Government, 2257, 2404with bifurcated pillar, 2257capacities on, 2256-2257fused dome base, 2256

for metric and American Standards, 2256-2258patent for, 2256-2258poise for mail classes, 2257query by Crawford, 2256-2258rectangular base, 2257with revolving beam, 2256-2258

"Fairbanks Profile" (article by Needle), 75-79, 106-110Fairbanks recreation, 3071-3073Fairbanks scale, as mill alarm, 3445-3447"Fairbanks Scale Time Capsule" (article by Farnum &

Beare), 3074-3076Fairbanks Scales

history, 2804-2807strikes, 2804successor to Colt Industries, 3066successor to Fairbanks-Whitney, 3066

Fairbanks time capsule, 3073"Fairbanks Union Scale" (article by Stein, T), 1807-1815Fairbanks-Whitney, successor to Fairbanks, 3066"Fairfax County W & M 1744" (article by Netherton),

1859-1860"Fake Nesting Wts" (article by Schmidt), 251-253"Fakes & Reproductions" (article), 2710Falcot Frère, 2487Falkirk Iron Co

dates, 638wts, 635

Falkirk Iron Foundry, wts, 638Fals wts see weights, denominationFalse wts, 151Falsification of inspector's mark, 3160Family sc

mkrArc Scale Co., 2861-2865Chatillon, John & Sons, 1597North Bros Mfg Co, 2855-2856Ubrig, Emil & Co, 1889

Family sc, 1203, 2855-2856, 2861-2865see also Kitchen sc

Fan chart, definition, 229, 311Fan sc, 2448

definition, 229first British?, 1318mkr

Avery, W & T Ltd, 1318Herbert & Son Ltd, 1200

trade, 1200"Fancy Postal Scales" (article by Boogaard), 662-663, 3281Fanner, William

apprentice of DeGrave, Edward Abraham, 1738partner in DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1737

Faraday, 2215Farlow, Charles & Co, anglers sc mkr, 1726Farm Master, egg sc retailer, 1314farm scale

maker, Anscheutz & Co, 3401-3403pendulum, 3401-3402

Farmers scmancur, 258, 260retailers, Jacem, 1726spring, 544see also Animal sc; Butter sc; Dairy sc; Milk sc; Pig

weighing; Poultry scFarmers sc mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544Farmers Weighing Fish painting, 1301Farnham, Dave, 3071Farnum, Dave, biography, 3074Farnum, Jos W, US Mint Assayer, 3019Farnum, William, 2412-2414, 2823-2824

counter steelyardpatentee, 2412-2414, 2823-2824pivot bearings, 2414, 2823-2824u-shaped stirrup, 2414weight cradle, 2413, 2823-2824weights, 2413, 2823-2824

Farnum & Beare's, "Fairbanks Scale Time Capsule" (article), 3074-3076

Farr, Chester N., 2293platform scale mkr, 2293

Farr, Jonathan L., 2293scale mkr, 2293

Farr, Ray, 2436Farr & Fowler, 2293

scale mkr, 2293Farthing, John

bismar sc retailer, 1231postal sc retailer, 1231writing-machine mkr, 1231

Fast, definition, 229Fathers of apprentices, 1741Faure, J C J C, coin operated sc patentee, 2457Fauvel, Louis Alexandre, patentee, 1370, 1375Favorit, German ccd, 445Fawcet & Butterworth, coin gauge mkr, 273, 275Fawkes , Guido (Guy), 3211Fayard, Jean Joseph, platform sc patentee, 888Federal Census (1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900), 2890-2891Feed sc, mkr, Forschner, Chas & Sons Inc, 1039Fees for inspectors see Acts of Parliament, 1775Feet, pivot, 236Felix, L, patentee, 671"Fenland Weighing" (article by Knights), 2959-2963Fenlands

map, 2959pattern dead weight scale, 2959-2963potato scale, 2959-2963potatoes, 2959

Ferry, Jamesapprentice of Poupard, Abraham, 1737dates, 1737succeeded by Ferry, James & Son, 1737

Ferry, James & Sondates, 1737successors of Ferry, James, 1737

Fertig see Maul, Philipp Jakob"Few of our Scales" (article by Colker), 190-191Fey, Charles

coin operated sc mkr, 2461coin operated sc patentee, 2461

Fidler, M & J see Watkins & FidlerFiducial edge see reading edgeField, postal sc retailers, 938Field, John

scientific instrument mkr, 1787

weigher & stamper of money wts, 1126working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Field, S A, ccd patentee, 930Field, Thomas

dates, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508

Figgins, John Burgessdates, 1731successor of Phillips, Mrs E, 1731

Fijn-mechanische Industrie Becker's Sons N Vdates, 844Netherlands sc mkr, 844precision bal mkr, 844succeeded by Simmonds Precision N V, 844successors of Hollandische Optiek Fabriek (system

Hensoldt) N V, 844Filed coin, 264, 1303Finch, F E, American ccd patentee, 1019"Finding a Latvian Steelyard" (article by Marson), 2377-

2380Fine, H, weigh scoop patentee, 2924Fine Weight, 3146Finger-nail file, advertising, 3314Finial see column"Fire Gilding - Ormolu" (article by Crawforth, D), 1580"First US Scale Patentee" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins),

2639-2643, 2668Firth,Leslie N, biography, 3425Firth's, "Growing up with Milk Scales"(article), 3420-3425Fischer, Johann

coin sc mkr, 63German sc mkr, 63

Fish, John, master of Payne, Thomas, 1733Fish/dolphin, 1876

C-spring mkr, 1876Fish/dolphin (Kind & Cie), 1876Fish on plate with 3 crosses see AldeburghFish sc, mkr, Chatillon, John & Sons, 451Fish skin see ShagreenFish wts see weights, purposeFisher Scientific, trip sc mkr, 3095Fishermans sc see Anglers scFishmongers sc, 1566Fitch, Dr. C H see Dr. C H FitchFitch, Dr. C H Ingenious Inventor (article by Doniger),

2038-2049Fitch, Dr. Calvin H

American sc inventor, 1039, 2185-2188apothecary sc inventor, 2029, 2185article by Willard, 2050-2053dates, 2039patentee, 1039, 2039-2048, 2185portable scale inventor, 2185prescription sc inventor, 191, 2029, 2185rocker inventor, 2040sc manufactured by Randolph, N V & Co, 2038steelyard inventor, 191, 2029trade card, 2038

"Fitch's Descendants" (article by Crawforth, D), 2053-2055Fittings, 548"Five-turn Folder" (article by Crawforth), 672-675Flag

adjustment, 1214definition, 230

Flan, definition, 23Flanders mark, 1991Flans, stamping of, 23Flat spring sc see Spring bal, flexureFleece hanging mark, 1972

see also LeedsFleischmann, Erasmus, nesting wts mkr, 2522Fleischmann, Johann Erasmus, nesting wts mkr, 2522Flemish pounds, 2018Fletcher, folding gold bal mkr, 1847Fletcher, H S

date, 1731successor of Fletcher & Pearce, 1731

Fletcher, James, apprentice of King, Thomas, 1732Fletcher, Mrs S

partner of Pearce, George, 1731successor of Fletcher, William Francis, 1731

Fletcher, Samuelapprentice of Moffett, James Thomas, 1739dates, 1739master of Pugh, William II, 1733

Fletcher, Williamdates, 1731succeeded by Fletcher, William Francis, 1731successor of Grout, John, 1731, 1746

Fletcher, William Francisapprentice of Brooks, William I, 1731dates, 1731succeeded by Fletcher, Mrs S, 1731successor of Fletcher, William, 1731

Fletcher & Pearcedates, 1731Fletcher, Mrs S & Pearce, George, 1731succeeded by Fletcher, H S, 1731

Fleur-de-lys, on coin wts, 88, 985, 1604Fleuri

C-spring mkr, 1875dates, 1876

Fleuri, à Pont Degrene, C-spring mkr, 1875Fleuri, G

C-spring mkr, 1875dates, 1876

Fleuri, M, C-spring mkr, 1875Fleury, C-spring mkr, 1875Fleury Frères, C-spring mkr, 1875Flexure pivot, definition, 230Flexure resistant, definition, 230-231, 316Flexure rib, 2134

on computing scale, 2134Flexure spring, 1258

patent, 1376, 1401Flexure spring sc

postal, 231, 1376, 1651, 1933-1935postal patent, 1401

"Flexure Springs" (article by Crawforth D), 1902-1910, 1931-1935, 1964-1966, 1984-1986

Flint see Lovegrove & FlintFlorentine hundredweight, 1992Florentine load, 1992Florentine marble, 3302

Florentine methods, use for postal scales, 3302Florentine pound

fine (sottile), 1990, 2021, 2219heavy goods (grosso), 1990, 1995, 2019

Florin see weights, denomination, florinFlour sc

equal-arm, 1196mkr

Beach, Thomas, 1546Herbert & Sons, 1196, 1728

FlowerC-spring mkr, 1876mastersign, 1876

Flower & LB, mastersign, 1875Flowerdew Hundred, 3217flowers, as symbols, 3301Fly Aweigh, mobile, 3265-3266Fly Aweigh letter scale, 3265-3266

designs of, 3265-3266"Folders for Foreign Coins" (article by Camilleri), 2563-

2570"Folders how wide?" (article by Scarratt), 2437Folding gold bal, 502, 2405-2406, 2563-2570

book on, 135compound wts, 200, 1606, 1828definition, 230double beam, 1941-1942double sovereign, 200double turn, 231, 673, 1625, 2564

for guinea half & third, 231, 673, 1625for guinea half & third & Johannis half, 2564

double turn for guinea half & third, 231, 673, 1625for doubloon, 2405, 2569for Egyptian lira, 2406equal-arm with pan & plate, 200, 274, 313, 457, 627-

629, 1511-1512, 1626, 1827-1828, 1941-1942, 2565

five turns, 672-675, 2565-2566five wts, 274, 1626for foreign coins, 2563-2570gauge between columns, 1847gauge fitted in box, 274gauge slots in lid of box, 274gauges, 274German silver, 1941-1942, 1972guinea & sovereign, 200guinea half & third, 457, 673for half-50 Piastres, 2469for half-doubloon, 2405, 2470for half-Egyptian Lira, 2469for half-Napoleon, 2469for half-piastre, 2406for half-Turkish Lira, 2469with hydrostatic feature, 2566-2567instructions for use, 2224lozenge-shaped wt for 7 s, 1624metal case, 1942miniature, 1625mkr

Avery, W & T, 139, 274, 2405-2406, 2568-2570Avery, W & T Ltd, 274Balden, Joseph, 1508

Beach, Thomas, 1508Bell, George, 1625Bell, Hamlet, 200, 503, 1624-1626, 1828, 2565Bell, Hamlet & Co, 1828Bourne, Thomas, 2564Brown, R & Sons, 1028, 1419-1420DeGrave, Short, & Fanner, 2405, 2564Fletcher, 1847Herbertz, Johann W., 2567-2568Houghton, Stephen, 627Houghton, Stephen & Son, 673Houghton, Thomas, 231, 501-502, 673Mountford, 1508

I, 1508William, 1476, 1508

Mountford, I, 1508Mountford, William, 1476, 1508Ramsden, Jesse, 675, 2566-2567Robinson, Daniel, 627, 1827Smith, John, 2570, 2579T & B see Tomlinson & BickleyT H see Houghton, TTomlinson & Bickley, 1508Tongue, J, 1941-1942Ward, Callingwood, 502, 1508Waren (Warren), Joseph, 1508Whitley, John, 1827Wilkinson, Anthony, 502-503, 627-629, 672-675,

1624-1625, 1827, 2564-2565moving poise, 2566for Napoleons, 2406paktong, 1941-1942, 1972pennyweight wts, 627, 2565pointer folding, 1511for Portugese coins, 2563

Johannis, 2563Lamoede, 2563Lisbon Moeda, 2563Lisbonina, 2563Moidore, 2563

for quarter-doubloon, 2470retailer

Asswad & Berbari, 2570Beach, Thomas, 1512Bell, Hamlet, 1626Bell, Henry, 628DeGrave, Mary & Son, 1626Denton, Joseph, 1626Neill, Robert, 1827Whitley, John, 1626Williams, Thomas I, 508, 2563

single turnguinea, 1476, 1511, 1624, 1847sovereign, 139, 1028, 1419-1420, 1511

six wts, 200, 627for Syria, 2570three wts, 457for Turkish lira, 2406two slides, 629, 2565

Folding Gold Balances (review by Crawforth), 135Folding gold sc see folding gold bal; gold scFolding letter plate, 1231

Folding Scale Company, 2980Foley, J S, patentee, 549Fontaine, G


Foot, sphinx, 1289"Foot Stool or a Scale??"(article by Katz), 3426-3427"For Silver or Gold Dollars?" (article by Katz), 2245Ford, coin wts mkr, 1062, 1066, 1508Ford, Henry, production line of, 2216Ford, Richard

coin sc mkr, 1508hydrostatical sc mkr, 1508patentee, 1508sc mkr, 3089

Ford, Whitmore & Bruntondates, 1508weighing machine mkr, 1508see also catalogue

Ford, William, sc mkr, 3090Ford & Co, weighing machine mkr, 696Foreign postal rates, 1230Forest City Scale Works, 2703Forge, inspectors, 120Forged stamps, 43Forks see ShearsForschner, spring bal mkr, 1555Forschner, Chas & Sons Inc, feed sc mkr, 1039Forschner, spring bal mkr, 1555Forsdyke's, "American Patent Models" (article), 1113-1115Forsthoff, Johann Wilhelm

coin sc mkr, 27, 30, 61, 63-64dates, 63trade card, 27

Foster, spring bal mkr, 1555Foster, Michael, biography, 3497-3498Foster, Robert, biography, 2834Foster's

"Hyam Hyams Rockers made by John Bourn?"(article), 3493-3498

"My Magic Scale" (article), 2833-2834"Response on GPO Weights" (article), 2333

"Found, the Missing Mordan" (article by Barnett), 2987-2989

"Found in USA - a British rarity" (article by Katz), 2121-2122

Founders' Co, 2088book on, 1563-1565charter 1614, 1043dates, 1043, 1160ewer mark, 21, 1477ewer mark spout to right, 1551guild, 20-21, 44, 463, 581, 1081-1082, 1160marks, 462, 497-498, 1043, 1960rights, 1565, 1960stamping wts, 1892stamping wts for coins, 1082stamping wts for USA 1744, 1859verification, 20, 1349, 1563-1565verifying guinea wts, 1604

Founders' Hall, 3016

Four-lobed crown with cross above mark, 2381Four R's Mfg Co, 2449-2550Fournel, Antoine

A F, 862adjuster of Mint, 862dates, 862-863diamond sc mkr, 189, 863trade beam mkr, 862

Fowler, Albert, 2293platform scale mkr, 2293

Fowler, Johnapprentice of Sawgood, John, 1735dates, 1735partner of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1735

Fowler, William Cave, 1733partner of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733see also Nicholl & Fowler

Fox, H H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Foyer Mfg Co, postal sc mkr, 3144Fraction bar

definition, 230, 232on roberval sc, 1591

Fraction wts, definition, 231Franc see weights, denominationFrance, letters to, 61, 353Francis

assistant mechanic at Standards Dept, 2079employee of Troughton & Simms, 2080

Frank see postal franksFranklin, Benjamin, Lunar Society associate, 1120, 1219Franklin Educational Co, trip sc mkr, 3093Frary

spring bal mkr, 1555see also Landers, Frary & Clark

Frary, James D, American scale maker, 3385Fraser, William

scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Fraud, 851-855fines, 1182opportunities for, 1591-1597, 1599

"Fraud" (article by Roberts), 1182-1188Frazier's, US Standards of W & M their Creation &

Creators (review), 102Freedom of City of London, 1069Freeman, sc mkr to Royal Mint, 391Freeman, M, patentee, 399, 400Freeman, Rebecca

coin sc mkr, 242date, 1734master of 1 apprentice, 1743mother of Freeman, Samuel II, 242succeeded by Freeman, Samuel II, 1734successor of Freeman, Samuel I, 1734widow of Freeman, Samuel I, 242

Freeman, Robotta see Freeman, RebeccaFreeman, Samuel, 2129, 3019

on Bartholomew Lane, 3019Freeman, Samuel I

coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1734father of Freeman, Samuel II, 242

husband of Freeman, Rebecca, 242master of Bennett, William, 1734master of Freeman, Samuel II, 1734master of Pollard, Thomas, 1734succeeded by Freeman, Rebecca, 1734

Freeman, Samuel IIapprentice of Freeman, Samuel I, 1734coin sc mkr, 242, 391-392dates, 1734father of Freeman, Samuel III, 1734master of Freeman, Samuel III, 1734master of Turvey, William, 1736master of Wade, Thomas, 1737master of Wornell, John, 1734son of Freeman, Rebecca, 242son of Freeman, Samuel I, 242succeeded by Freeman & Son, 1734successor of Freeman, Rebecca, 1734

Freeman, Samuel IIIapprentice of Freeman, Samuel II, 1734coin sc mkr, 592dates, 1734partner of New, William, 1734son of Freeman, Samuel II, 1734Standards wts mkr, 1491succeeded by Freeman & New, 1734successors of Freeman & Son, 1734

Freeman & Newcoin sc mkr, 1395dates, 1734Freeman, Samuel III & New, William, 1734succeeded by New, William, 1734successors of Freeman, Samuel III, 1734

Freeman & Soncoin sc mkr, 1498dates, 1734Freeman, Samuel II & Freeman, Samuel III, 1734lantern sight-hole shears mkr, 1586succeeded by Freeman, Samuel III, 1734successors of Freeman, Samuel II, 1734

Freeman of City of London, definition, 209Freemantle, C M, Deputy Master of Royal Mint, 104French

adjuster to Bank of France, 1623adjuster to Tresor de la Couronne, 1623for Britain, 1252double hole end, definition, 172, 599double hole end see beam end shapeshinged beam, 1568inspectors refusing to stamp mancurs, 1873Louis d'or coinage, 1041Louis d'or wts see weights, denomination, pistolenesting wts, 156, 475, 1166, 2399nesting wts for export, 156pistole see weights, denomination, pistoleporcelain wts see weights, material, earthenwarepostal rates, 1363-1366postal system, 1367-1376sight hole shears, 473tension tester, 1873town wts, 475trade card

Charpentier, 1623Exupere, L, 601

W & M inspectors, 1873wts mkr, 600

French, Robertcoin sc mkr, 1502-1503, 1508dates, 1508master of Beach, Thomas, 1501steelyard mkr, 1501trade card, 1502-1503

"French coin scale for foreign use?" (article), 2518-2519French counter roberval sc, Day & Millward, 1442French designer

Curie, Pierre & Marie, 702Serrin, V, 620

French Grocer, c.1880, 2471"French Patent Postals"(article), 1367-1376, 1399-1410,

1535-1537French patentee see patentee, FrenchFrench patents, novelty, 1369French pattern, National, 1645French postal rates, 1363-1366, 1537French postal sc, rarity, 1369French sc

apothecary, 185, 599-601assay, 629-632béranger, 1642, 2479-2488butchers, 758C-spring horizontal, 1869-1871C-spring with dial-face, 1868ccd, 445centesimal, 886-887chainomatic, 620cloth, 1169coin, 472, 592, 1607counter see Béranger sccustoms, 858-863decimal, 721, 885-888demi-lune hexagonal, 1865dial-face spring, 1073, 1866diamond, 476, 863equal-arm postal, 1367, 1368exported to USA, 185flexure spring postal patent, 1904, 1907gold sc for U S, 156grain, 80half-roberval & steelyard, 1677hydraulic postal, 426kitchen, 1985-1986mancur, 432, 434, 1865market, 472mkr

A F, 860Béranger & Cie, 784, 1642, 1662-1663Béranger & Maag, 1664Boe-Paupier, à Paris, 1874Böelle, à St Christoph, 1865, 1874Böelle, M, 432, 435, 1874Böelle & Breard, 1874Briais, Narcissé Eugene, 446, 479, 1252, 1535-

1536, 1676-1679Bureau des Ecorces, 1874

Catenot-Béranger, 1664Charpentier, 1623

adjuster to Tresor de la Couronne, 1623Chemin, à Paris, 1867, 1874Cheville, père, 1875Christofle, 220, 1676Collet Frères, 1821Collot, A, 702Collot, A Junior, 836-837D P see Pascal, DominiqueD V, 41, 1368Decrand, 1664Dumaine, P, 432, 435Dupont, J au Fresne, 1874Etalon, 445Exupere, L, 599-601, 1169, 1692F F see Fleury FrèresFayard, Jean Joseph, 888Fleuri, 1874Fleuri, à Pont Degrene, 1875Fleuri, G, 1875Fleuri, M, 1875Fleury, 1875Fleury Frères, 1874Fontaine, G, 1821Fournel, Antoine, 858-862Galonde, 630George, St, 1607Hamon, F, 1875Hamon, H, 1875Hamon, I, 1875Hamon, l, 1875Hamon, P ainé, 1875Hamon, Paul, 1875Hamon, Pierre, 1875Hanin, 1073, 1875, 3151Hanin, à Paris, 1866, 1875Hanin, à St Romain, 1875Hanin, fils, 1867Hanin, le père, 1875Hund, G, 220I crowned see Cheville, pèreI L, 1875J B crowned, 1875L B see LeboucherLabiche à Sourdeval, 1875Le Termelier, 1875Le Termelier, A G T E, 1875Le Termelier, Andrè, 1875Leboucher, 1865, 1875Leboucher, Eugene, 1875Leboucher, Jnr, 1875Leboucher, Manuel, 1875Leboucher, W, 435Leboucher with crescent, 1875Lebreton, Eugene, 1875Lebreton, Fils ainé à Sourdeval, 1875Lemercier, 1875Letermelier, 1873, 1875Mari I crowned, 1875Marlin, A à Joue, 757-758Marlin, Alexandre, 757-758

Merlin, Charles, 197, 721Merlin, John Joseph, 694, 887Miquelard, à Avranches, 1875Pascal, Dominique, 1422Paupier, L, 1873Perfas, 647Pillois, 593Pixii, N C, 1822Pixii, père & fils, 1822Pourin, 592Pradel, 50, 220Quintenz & Rolle, 721, 885-888R S see French sc, mkr, Régnier, à SamurRégnier, à Paris, 1875Régnier, à Samur, 1875Régnier, Edme, 1869Renaud fils, 80Renaut, N, 1875Rhone-Poulenc, 620Rolle & Schwilgue, 721, 885-888Societe Alsacienne de Constructions Mecanique,

888St George see George, StTermelier see French sc, mkr, Le Termelier; French

sc, mkr, LetermelierTermelier, Andrè, 1876Terraillon, 1985-1986Testut, 434, 1295, 1873Testut, Charles, 445Testut, Charles & Fils, 1876Trayvou, 1664Turpin-Bremal, 1664Turpins, 1663

paper, 1692pendulum, 50, 1361-1362, 1676person, 1867postal, 41, 50, 147, 220, 332, 446, 479, 1252, 1361-

1362, 1535-1537, 1676-1677, 1686precision, 472, 620, 702, 836-837retailer, Vickery, C, 1407roberval, 197, 1252, 1368spring, 472, 1073, 1874-1876steelyard, 472, 647, 1169, 1536, 1677steelyard telescopic, 647, 1569-1570turn over steelyard, 472V spring, 341, 469, 472, 1863

French scales & weights, 629-632, 858-863, 885-888article from Diderot, 468-476, 494

French Weights & Measures Before the Revolution by Zupko (review), 189

French wts mkrA B, 600Béranger & Cie, 1664D J, 600E J, 600

Freud, Sigmund, 3148Frey, Gustave, patentee, 1370Friction, spring bal, 1600-1601Friction plates

definition, 8, 9, 138see also Anti-friction plate

Friction steels, 8

Frictions, definition, 9Frodsham, William


"From Bevin Boy to Scale Collector" (article by Robson), 3031-3033, 3281

Frost see Black, Starr & FrostFrost Poultry Fences

egg sc mkr, 1279rocker mkr, 1279

Fucoma, steelyard, 409Fuen wts see weights, denominationFuge see Koch, Fuge & WagnerFulcrum, definition, 231, 285Fulcrum shackle see shearsFultz, L Michael, biography, 3477Fultz's, "Cross Peerless Letter/Parcel Scales"(article), 3473-

3477Fundo see weights, nationality, JapaneseFurendal, 1075"Further Paper Scales and Balances" (article by

Chamberlain), 3269-3273Fusee cam, 692

GG see weights, denomination, grainG crowned see monarc; monarchs' marks"G H Makins and the Assay Balance" (article by Oliver),

2115-2121"G H Makins and the Assay Balance Part 2" (article by

Oliver), 2152-2155G H mark on wts, 1800G P O

definition, 232see also General Post Office; postal sc, Post Office;

weights, purpose, GPOG P O wts see weights, purpose, GPOG R & Co

postal sc, 101-102, 112see also Riddle, Gabriel

G R crowned, 23, 1005mark on wts, 1005

G S & Co, wts see Salter, Geo & CoG S P see Sharples, GGable, Thomas

apprentice of Joy, John, 1727, 1734coin sc mkr, 388dates, 388, 1734master of 4 Christ's Hospital scholars, 1747master of Pallett, Thomas, 1736member of Weavers Co, 1727successor of Joy, John, 1734

Gacon's"French Patent Postals" (article), 1367-1376N B was Briais, letter, 446

Gaffron, E, Peruvian weight collector, 2903, 2905Gaffron, Elena, neice of Gaffron, E, 2903-2904Gaffron, Hans, son of Gaffron, E, 2903Gage, Alfred P, trip sc use promoter, 3093Gahn, J G, chemist & inventor, 564Gainsborough, painter, 1685

Gale, Johnapprentice of Lane, John, 244, 1737apprentice of Neale, John, 1737apprentice of Read, Samuel, 1737dates, 1737

Gale, Williamapprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729apprentice with Read, Samuel, 244coin sc mkr, 245, 246

Galileo, sc retailer, 2662Gallenkamp, A & Co


Gallowsdefinition, 9see also Shears

Galondeassay bal mkr, 629-632French clockmkr, 630

Galvanic ring, ccd, 903Galvanising, date, 1440Gamage, Benjamin

husband of Dicas, Anne, 2004, 2014hydrometer mkr, 2004owner of Dicas Patent Hydrometer Manufactory, 2014scientific instrument mkr, 2004

Gamages, household sc retailer, 1727Garcia, 2448Gardiner, Duncan, biography, 2709Gardner, partner of Ogier, William, 1736Gardner, Ann

remarried to Gardner, 214succeeded by Brooksby, Thomas II, 214successor of Brooksby, Thomas I, 214widow of Picard, John, 214

Gardner, Jamesdates, 1744sc mkr, 1744

Gardner, Johncoin sc method of use, 1306coin sc mkr (article), 1303-1311coin wts mkr, 1062grain sc mkr, 1309scientific instrument mkr, 1303-1311Scottish sc mkr, 1303-1311weighing in pennyweights, 2070yarn bal mkr, 1309

Gardner, Wal, sc mkr, 1744Gardner & Sons, sc mkr, 1744Gardner & Sons Ltd, sc mkr, 1744Garland, James & Co

counter sc mkr, 1590dates, 638owned by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1840trade sc mkr, 1590union sc mkr, 1840wts, 638-639

Garrard (author), 2027Garratt, Thomas, wt mkr, 1043Garrick, David, 2464

Gascoigneretailer

dairy eqipment, 2931goat milk bal, 2931pig weigher, 2931

Gaskell & Chambers Ltd, beer measure mkr, 1187Gassers' Space Age Weighing (article), 140-142Gassers' "Space Age Weighing" (article), 140-142Gaston, A G, 2983Gaston, A J see Gaston, Augustine JGaston, Anna Eliza, pres N B Gaston & Sons, 2982Gaston, Augustine J, 2979-2983

folding dairy sc, 2982-2983folding family sc, 2980-2983patentee, 2979-2983

Gaston, N B see Gaston, Nathan BrockwayGaston, N B & Son Scale Co, 2981Gaston, N B & Sons Scale Co, 2982, 2984

billhead, 2983partner

Gaston, Emma Heivly, 2982Gaston, Theodore Irving, 2982Gaston, Thomas Edgar, 2982

Gaston, N B Scale Co, 2981dates, 2980-2982

Gaston, Nathan Brockway, 2979-2984biography, 2980-2984husband of Battin, Ann, 2980husband of Tillinghast, Amelia, 2980

Gaston Scale Co., officers, 2984Gaston's, N B Sons Co.

cover (envelope), 2978folding steelyard mkr, 2978-2984

"Gaston's Scale Works" (article by Berning), 2978-2984Gaston's Sons, N B, 2982Gastrell, Reverend Francis, 2465Gatchell, Lamprey & Rendell Ltd

date, 1768sc mkr, 1768

Gatchell, Robert & Sonssc mkr, 1768succeeded by Maguire & Gatchell, 1768

Gatchell, Samuelbiography, 3511-3512coin sc mkr, 1768-1769coin wts mkr, 1769dates, 1768Irish Standards by, 3508-3512Irish weights by, 3508-3512S*G on wts, 1769succeeded by Gatchell, Samuel & Sons, 1768successor of Jackson, Henry, 1768trade card, 1769, 3512Working Standards by, 3508-3512

Gatchell, Samuel & Sonscoin wts, 499, 502dates, 1798Irish sc mkr, 1777, 1798-1800made Irish standards, 1755successors of Gatchell, Samuel, 1768trade card, 1798-1799trade sc mkr, 1777

Gatchell City Standards, 3508-3512made of bronze, 3508-3512

Gatchell Standards, 3508-3512Gateshead mark, 1959Gauge

coin, 9, 137, 263, 271-274, 282, 287, 1303definition, 138

distance between knife edges, definition, 9mkr

Fawcet & Butterworth, 273Helliwells, 621Solomon, Henry, 282

Gauss weighing see transposition weighingGear's

"Ancient Royal Animal Wts of Burma" (unpublished manuscript), 352

Earth to Heaven, royal animal-shaped weights of Burmese empires (review), 1662-1663

"How I got Started" (article), 1521-1524Gebr Bosch see BoschGEC, 3255GEC. combined with Avery, 3255Gee, Dr Brian, biography, 3347Gee's, "Addison Smith" (article), 3345-3347Gelder (author), 1897, 1901Gem Letter Scale, 3162-3171Gem sc, Afghan, 2785-2786General Post Office, 22-23, 294-295, 513, 528, 552, 580,

618, 685-686, 1036, 1219-1221exempt from inspections, 23, 1036G P O wts see weights, purpose, GPOsee also G P O; postal sc, Post Office; weights,

purpose, GPOGeo III up to 1 Jan 1772, on coin wts, 1081-1086Geologists sc

hydrostatical, 1033moving load, 1033

Geometric wts see weight, shapeGeorge see Griffin & GeorgeGeorge, St

coin sc mkr, 1607French sc mkr, 1607

George, W & Jprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

George, W & J Ltd, precision bal, 280, 281George & Becker Ltd

aluminium beam, 5precision bal mkr, 5, 281

George I of GBcoin wts see weights, monarchcoinage, 463

George II of GBcoin wts see weights, monarchcoinage, 390, 463, 915

George III of GBattitude to science, 1849coin wts see weights, monarchcoinage, 463, 495, 915collection, 1849-1853Standards, 390, 856

George IV of GBcoin wts, 884wts see weights, monarch

"George Salter & Co" (article by Crawforth), 515-529Georgius see George Kings of G BGeorgius II Rex, on coin wts, 1065Georgius III dei gra, on coin wts, 1085Gerald, Asahel, 2293Gerald, Guy C., 2293Gerald & Farr

Fairbanks' Lawsuit against, 2191platform scale mkr, 2191, 2293

"Gerald's Advert, 1844" (article by Yale), 2191, 2293Gerald's Patent Platform scale, 2168, 2191Gerke, Louis & Koch, Lina, owner of Gerke & Koch, 1922Gerke & Koch

dates, 1922manager Koch, Ferdinand, 1922owned by Gerke, Louis & Koch, Lina, 1922successors of Koch, Gebrûder, 1922

Germananalytical wts, 868apothecary sc, 801, 804, 1464assay bal, 664butter moisture sc, 809C-spring with hinged pointer, 1902ccd, 445, 1177-1181, 1614-1622, 2063chemical sc, 631, 1076cloth sc, 1173-1174coin-operated sc, 1706-1707coin sc, 27-31, 61-65, 437, 506-507, 541, 619, 1614-

1622coinage, 28, 1616-1617counter sc, 641, 647, 721, 758, 871, 1641demi-lune hexagonal, 1871demi-lune special, 1867diamond sc, 493egg sc, 381, 383, 412, 415fan sc, 890flexure spring bal, 1908, 1910, 1933gold sc, 156, 234gold sc for U S market, 156grain sc, 51-53, 80, 82ice sc for export, 1863inverted roberval & pointer with lens, 889kitchen sc, 505, 517, 765, 1439, 1453, 1462, 1889,

1908-1910kitchen sc for UK market, 1908mancur, 429, 434, 1864-1867, 1871, 1874mancur earliest, 1864milk sc, 1029nesting wts

for France, 1166statutes, 42

paper sc, 505, 602, 1692parcel sc, 889, 1076, 1439, 1917-1923patentee see patentee, Germanpendulum sc, 979-980, 1627-1634, 1649-1661, 1917-

1923person, 1439, 1706platform sc, 696porcelain wts see weights, material, earthenware

postal sc, 220, 317, 361, 368, 511, 623, 652, 707, 980, 1260-1261, 1627-1636, 1683, 1933

pot wts holder, 1463precision bal, 493, 589, 642, 700, 718-720, 750, 790-

792, 1468ration mancur, 1873roberval postal, 1627spice sc, 234steelyard, 409, 765, 871swan neck see beam end shapes, German swan necktrade card, 1180trade sc, 641waistcoat-pocket postal sc, 1933wts holder, 1463yarn bal, 1174

German apothecary wts see weights, nationality"German CCDs Ph J Maul" (article by Lindner), 1614-1622German coinage, 28German Crab sc (mancur), 1863German Law of Patents (1877), 2278, 2287-2288German P O, 580German Patent & Trademark Office, 3190German patent legislation, 757German patentee see patentee, GermanGerman patents, definition, 703"German Postals by Ph J Maul" (article by Crawforth, D),

1627-1636German rivetted swan neck end, definition, 172German sc

mkrA E, 641, 703Aeckersberg, Johann Peter, 30, 63Aeckersberg, Johann Wilhelm, 63Berg, Johann Daniel vom, 30, 63Bernstein, Aaron, 2063Bernstein, Alex & Co, 842, 1179Bierstedt, Eugen, 1179Boker, Henry, 435, 1874Boker, Henry & Co, 435, 1874Bosch, Gebr, 664Braselmann, August, 30, 63Braselmann, Johan Peter, 30, 63Breithaupt, 1821Bunge, Paul, 589, 700, 702, 719, 720, 792, 1468,

1821C W, 647Cramer, J A, 631Deinert, Paulus, 541Ellinghaus, Johann Daniel, 30, 63Favorit, 445Fischer, Johann, 63Forstoff, Johann Wilhelm, 27, 30, 63Fucoma, 409Fuge see German sc, mkr, Koch, Fuge & Wagner;

Koch, Fuge & WagnerGerke & Koch, 1922Gunter see German sc, mkr, Lockhaus & GuntherHaas, Jacob B, 695-696Haigis, 493Hane, Peter Caspar, 30, 63Hartner, G, 381, 1707Heller, Balduin Söehne, 317

Herberts, Johan Abraham, 30, 63Herberts, Wilem see German sc, mkr, Herbertz,

Johann Wilhelm; Herbertz, Johann Wilhelm

Herbertz, Johann Philipp I, 29, 30, 63, 1871Herbertz, Johann Philipp II, 1871Herbertz, Johann Wilhelm, 30, 63, 1724, 1871Herbertz, P, 1871Hilger & Sons, 1874-1875J F M see German sc, mkr, Mayer, Johann

Friedrich; Mayer, Johann FriedrichJMAZ see German sc, mkr, Maul, Jacob; Maul,

JakobJung C, 435, 1875Kern, Gottlieb, 1173Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 804, 868, 1076, 1692Kind & Cie, 1876Kirck, Johannes, 506-507Kleuser, W, 435Koch, 1917-1923Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921Koch, Gebrûder, 1917-1923Krups, 505, 1462Krups, Robert, 1872-1875Kruse, Abraham, 29, 31, 63Kruse, Johann Melchior, 29, 31, 63Kuhlmann, Wilhelm H F, 790Leunig, 505Lockhaus & Gunther, 435, 1875Loss, Johann, 542Luginbuhl, Ulrich, 1867M in star see German sc, mkr, Maul, Phillip JakobMaul, Jacob, 980Maul, Phillip Jacob, 383, 559, 911, 1614-1622,

1692Maul, Phillip Jakob, 383, 559, 911, 1614-1622,

1692Mayer, Johann Friedrich, 437Mittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar, 27, 31, 63Mittelstenscheid, Peter Caspar, 63Nahmer, A von der, 1725Nernst, Walter H, 750Oertling, Ludwig, 1724Poppenberg, Caspar Dieter, 31, 63Poppenberg, Dieter Peter, 31, 63Poppenberg, Dieter Peter & Peter Caspar, 63Poppenberg, Gebrûder Died Pet & Caspar Died &

Pet Casp, 31, 63Poppenberg, Johan Peter, 31, 63Poppenberg, Peter Caspar, 31Prutscher, A, 1029Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 721, 885-888Reform by Krups, Robert, 1875Reitze, August, 1177-1181, 1954, 2275Rueprecht, A, 718Rueprecht, Albert & Son, 718Sartorius, Erich, 836Sartorius, Florenz, 643, 701, 836Sauter, August, 791Schlesinger, M, 1179-1181Schmidt, Johannes, 434Schmidt, Peter Ludwig, 431, 434, 1875

Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 845-847, 889-892Schopper, Louis, 80, 602, 753, 1174, 1692Sessler, J G, 430-431, 1864, 1876Spindler & Hoyer, 750Springer, Johan Caspar, 31, 63Steinfeldt & Blasberg, 530, 1439, 1641Steinheil, C A, 791Stollnreuther, Carl, 642Stuckrath, Paul, 720Tacho-Schnellwaagen G M B H, 844-847, 889-892Ubrig, E & Co, 1438, 1706, 1889Ubrig, Emil, 517, 623, 765, 958, 1261, 1438-1440Ubrig's Waagen-fabrik Gebr Ubrig, 1438Wagner see Koch, Fuge & WagnerWagner, C Ernst, 1921Wagner & Co, 1921Weintraud & Co Ges, 707Wiedeman?, 1864Zorn, Otto, 82

German silver, 1944, 1972dates, 1972

German swan neck end, definition, 172German W & M regs, 888German wts, mkr, Hugershoff, Franz, 1463Germantown, Pennsylvania, 3228Germantown Historical Society, 3221Gewerbe-akademie (Berlin), 2272, 2276Gewichte und Waagemacher im Alten Koln by Kisch

(review), 186Gewichten in Beeld by Van Ark (review), 226Ghana see AkanGibbs & Co, pendulum sc mkr, 753Gibson, Donald, 2914-2918

parcel sc patentee, 2914-2918Gibson, Elizabeth

coin sc mkr, 214-215, 1396first widow of Brooksby, Thomas II, 214partner in Sommers & Gibson, 215, 1735partner of Sommers, Charles, 215second widow of Gibson, Thomas, 215succeeded by Gibson & Sommers, 215succeeded by Sommers & Gibson, 215successor of Gibson, Thomas, 214

Gibson, Thomasapprentice of Brooksby, Thomas I, 213, 1735coin sc mkr, 213-215, 1396master of Flude, Joseph, 1747second husband of Brooksby, Elizabeth, 214succeeded by Gibson, Elizabeth, 214successor of Brooksby, Thomas II, 214trade card, 215trained with Brooksby, Thomas II, 214

Gibson & Sommerscoin sc mkr, 215, 1296partners Gibson, Elizabeth & Sommers, Charles, 215succeeded by Sommers, Charles, 215successors of Gibson, Elizabeth, 215see also Sommers & Gibson

"Gibson Parcel Post Scale" (article by Berning), 2914-2918Giessen Mettler Instrumente GmbH museum, chainomatic,

620Gifford Wood Co., 2221

Gilbert, Ames & Co, grocers sc retailer, 1726Gilbert, John A & Co

at same address as Allchin, Henry & Co, 1733at same address as Doyle & Sons, 1736same address as Smith, William & Co Ltd, 1733

Gilded beam see beam, gildedGilded bismar, 1359-1360Gilded sc, 681, 685, 718, 1287Gilding

oxidisation, 1580re-gilding, 138, 1236

Giles, Anthony, wt mkr, 1043, 1564Gilfillan, spring bal patentee, 1259, 1671, 1792Gilfillan, Errington Nuell see Gilfillan, Essington NuellGilfillan, Essington Nuell

French patentee, 1370, 1407postal sc patentee, 622-623, 1671-1672

Gill see Wilson & GillGill measure, American, 1139Giller, Charles F, witness for Harris, Sandy, 3115Gilmore & Clark, patentee, 538Gilt

definition, 8matt, 1205

Gilt Edge Sc see White Mfg CoGilt nickel, 1359-1360Gin tame see steelyardGiraud, 2481Gladow, Dean E., 2502Gladstone, W E, President of Board of Trade, 1127Glaister, Joseph

dates, 1726sc beam forger, 1726

Glasgow assay office, mark on wts, 45Glass, spring bal, 1168Glass beam, 1168Glass blowers sc, mkr, Fairbanks & Co, 109, 994Glass-blowers steelyard, Fairbanks, 109Glass flexure, yarn, 1168Glass wts see weights, materialGlobe Slicing Machinery Co, 3251Globe wts see weight, shapeGlossary of Terms for Weighing Apparatus, articles by

Crawforth, 170-175, 192-196, 227-232, 255-260, 283-288, 311-316, 339-344

Gluck, Nahan, biography, 2259Gluck's

"H M Weaver Scale" (article), 2512-2513"Response on Anderson Scale" (article), 2258-2259

Gnisergrain sc designer, 51scientific instrument mkr, 51

Gnutchel, patentee, 1370Go-no-go sc

postal, 1220, 1232, 1294-1295, 1320, 1649see also ccd

Goad, 1075"Goat Milk Balance & Some Fishy Work" (article by

Hutchinson), 2931-2933Godbor, Thomas

apprentice of Tomlins, Newman, 1736apprentice of Townsend, Richard, 1736

dates, 1736Goddard, Howell

apprentice of Badcock, William Geagle, 1738apprentice of DeGrave, Charles, 1738dates, 1738

Goddard, Robert, 2451coin operated sc patentee, 2461

Godet, roberval sc mkr, 2487Golaz, J, patentee, 622Gold bal, definition, 231Gold gulden see weights, denominationGold sc

Alaskan, 149American, 40, 154-158in art, 3453British, 183, 592, 1195, 2987-2989Chinese, 156, 158French, 156German, 2272Indian Ocean, 249, 625-626Japanese, 224, 321, 326Malay, 625-626miners, 149, 154, 156mkr

Fairbanks & Co, 86, 992Herbert & Sons, 1195Keller, S, 154Mordan, Sampson, 2987-2989Read, Joseph, 183Troemner, Henry, 811Vandome, Titfords & Co, 592Vandome & Co, 592

Gold sc retailer, Warren & Co, 152Gold scoop, 149Gold Standard, 1125Gold Standard 1817, 881"Golden Scales, c.1090 B.C." (article by Newall), 2550Golden Smoke (article), 278Golder see Phillipson & GolderGoldsmith

Abbo, 3454Saint Eligius, 3453-3454

Goldsmiths' Coassaying, 730, 1994assaymaster Basbee, Walter, 2081Guild, 23-24, 43, 45, 3453Hall, 1069inspection of weights, 23, 968, 1068, 1074, 1082, 1563-

1564, 1576, 1803, 1892inspection of wts for Ireland, 1803mark, 24, 45, 498, 1803Trial of the Pyx, 1435-1437wts for, 43, 1989

Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755Goldsmith's Guild of Bruges, 3453Goodbrand & Co Ltd, yarn bal retailer, 1173-1174, 1726Goodman, John

apprentice of Thompson, Daniel, 1731apprentice of Thompson, John I, 1731Christ's Hospital scholar, 1747coin sc mkr, 1729dates, 1730

foreman of Thompson, John I, 1731, 1743master of Astill, William, 1729, 1731master of Blades, Tristram, 1729master of Dunn, John, 1729master of Grigg, James, 1729, 1731master of Layton, William, 1729master of Stewart, James, 1729, 1731partner of Thompson, John II, 1731sc mkr, 3087succeeded by England, Parker & Sommers, 1730, 1746succeeded by Goodman, William, 1730

Goodman, Williamapprentice of Brind, William, 1730, 1737apprentice of Gray, Francis, 1730, 1737dates, 1730-1731, 1737successor of Goodman, John, 1730

Goods pandefinition, 232oval hammered brass, 2098

Goods plate, definition, 174Goods pound see mercantile poundGoodwin see Perkins, Goodwin & CoGoodwin's, "How I Got Started" (article), 1321-1323Gore, James & Thomas


Gore, Thomas Hunsdenapprentice of Vandome, Richard, 1734dates, 1734master of Medwin, Thomas, 1738master of Palmer, Joseph, 1738partner of Shenston, James Templar, 1737at same address as Potter, John, 1737successor of Gore & Shenston, 1737

Gore, Thomas Ursden, sc mkr, 3091Gore & Shenston

dates, 1737Gore, Thomas Hunsden & Shenston, James Templar,

1737succeeded by Gore, Thomas Hunsden, 1737succeeded by Shenston, James Templar, 1737

"Gorge Arstall" (article by Morrison-Low), 2003-2014Gorham

bow-front postal sc mkr, 1671flat-front with tapered back postal sc mkr, 1675half-roberval & spring sc mkr, 1669-1671, 1675pendulum sc mkr, 1077, 1668, 1687postal sc mkr, 1049, 1675, 1687, 1999spring bal mkr, 1049, 1669, 1675spring bal patentee, 1669-1670

Gorham Manufacturing Co, users of Troemner's bullion bal, 1940

Gorlick's, "American Counterfeit Coin Detectors" (article), 759-764

Gorringe's, (query on Dearborn), 1554Gothic revival style, 940Goto, Japanese wt mkr, 319, 326Gotto see Parkins & GottoGould (author), 610Gould, W, hygrometer, 574, 575Goulding, Somerset

apprentice of DeGrave, Charles, 1741

apprentice of Wood, Richard, 1741son of Goulding, Thomas, 1741

Goulding, Thomascoin sc mkr, 1140dates, 1732father of Goulding, Somerset, 1741succeeded by Wood, Richard, 1732, 1746, 2090successor of Wood, John, 1732, 1746

Government departments, 1172Broad arrow, 581

Government of Canada, Oertling supplied balance, 2260-2261

Governor's Land, 3217-3219Govier's

"A Tale of Two German Money Scales" (article), 3145-3146

"Clean, Repair, Polish" (article), 3155-3161"Howell & James Revisited" (article), 3021"The Adjusting Mechanism on Roberval Postal Scales"

(article), 3206-3208"To Clean or Not to Clean?" (article), 3035, 3161"Weighbridges Made by John Wyatt & W & T Avery

Ltd"(article), 3448-3452Gower, sc mkr, 3091Gowers, Weston

apprentice of Calcott, Thomas, 1731coin sc mkr, 1731, 1782-1783coin sc style, 1781dates, 1731employed Hall, John, 1734master of Jackson, Richard, 1731reale wts, 1782trade card, 1782, 1801

Gr see weights, denomination, grainGradencandle Mfg Co, egg sc mkr, 1283-1284Gradenway

American sc mkr, 1313egg sc mkr, 1313steelyard mkr, 1313

Graduated chartattached to shears, 1716celluloid, 1669, 1672-1673circular on pendulum, 1649drum, 622, 1049, 1669-1670, 1675, 1687on end of beam, 1525, 1570hand-engraved, 448on hexagonal bar, 1174ivory, 1702-1703movable, 1168over & under, 1200pendulous, 772, 1168, 1655quadrant, 541, 1650widely spaced for small units & closely spaced for

large units, 1657-1658Graduation chart, celluloid, 1669Graduations

definition, 232see also divisions

Graham, Georgedates, 1724scientific instrument mkr, 1724Standard weights mkr, 1724

Graham, Tom, obituary, 682Graham, Tom (author), 1707, 1788, 1961, 2083Graham's

Reply to review, letter, 418Scales & Balances (review), 355, 1073"Troy Pound Mystery" (article), 390-394Weights & Measures (review), 226, 1072-1073

Grain bagging scale, 3513-3515Grain measure

hectolitre, 51metze, 51scheffel, 51

Grain scaccuracy, 51bagging, 3513-3515beam, ivory, 3013-3014box, 42, 60definition, 232designer, Gniser, 51equal arm, 52, 60, 80, 82German, use of, 2847, 2850-2851instructions, 51-52, 989mkr

Adie, 1717Bleuler, John, 1727, 2848Bonnell, Lansing, 2899Buffalo Scale Co, 82, 222-224, 2897-2899Buss, Thomas Odempsey, 1727Champion, 2897-2899Corcoran, Bryan, 354, 1727Corcoran, Bryan Ltd, 354DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1727Dell, William Rawbonn & Son, 1727Dixey, Charles Wastell, 1727Dring & Fage, 1727Fairbanks & Co, 78, 80, 989, 2849-2850, 2852,

2895, 2899Gardner, John, 1309Garman, A S & Sons, 2897-2899Greey, W, 2897-2899Griffiths, A, 1727Hamilton, 2899Hicks, Joseph I, 1727Holbrooke, 2899Howe Scale Co, 1071, 2896-2899Langley, W, 1727Lloyd, 3513-3515Loftus, William Robert, 1727Long, Joseph, 1727Marseilles Mfg Co, 2899McKenzie, Alexander, 1727Ohaus Scale Co, 2895, 2898-2899Packer,W, 3013-3014Payne, Benjamin, 80, 1727Renauld Fils, 82Salter, 518, 524, 1451Salter, Geo & Co, 518, 2849, 2852Schopper, Louis, 80, 753, 2847, 2849Seed Trade Reporting Bureau, 2899Smith, William, 1730Snart, John, 80, 2847-2848Spear, Richard, 1843

Standard Scale & Supply Co, 2899Thiele, F A, 825Troemner, 2899Vandome, 592Vandome, Titfords & Co, 1734Victor, 2897-2899Young & Co, 3436Young & Son, 1727Zorn, Otto, 82

nationalityAmerican, 78, 82, 222, 224, 989, 1071, 2849-2850,

3513-3515Austro-Hungarian, 80British, 80, 354, 518, 524, 566, 592, 1451, 2847-

2849, 3013-3014, 3436French, 82, 2853German, 42, 51-53, 60, 80, 82, 753, 2847, 2849-

2850, 2852Irish, 1843Netherlands, 82, 2850, 2852Russian, 80, 2847, 2849Scottish, 1309Swedish, 82, 2851

patentee, Hedicke, Max, 81pendulum, 80, 753spring, 518, 524, 1451, 2849steelyard, 78-82, 224, 231, 354, 566-567, 825, 989,

1071, 1309, 1717, 1719, 2895-2899, 3013-3014striker, 3013-3014

"Grain Scales" (article by Crawforth), 80-82"Grain Scales" (article by Schmidt), 51-53Grain striker, 2849

use of, 2849Grain tables, "Amtliche Tafeln fur Getreideprobier mit

Vorlaufkorper Bauarten bis 1937," 51Grain tester

definition, 231-232method of use, 989

"Grain Testing Scales" (article by Crawforth), 2847-2853Grain wts

definition, 880mediaeval definitions, 1988-1989, 1992mediaeval Paris, 1989see also weights, denomination

Grained edge, 1040Granat & Lamott, weigh scoop patentee, 492Grand Rapids Brass Works, MI sc mkr, 3034Grand Rapids Moisture Tester, 3262Grand Rapids Vapor Kiln Co, 3262Grand Rapids Veneer Works, 3262

MI sc mkr, 3034, 3262"Grandfather's Standards" (article by Read), 2076-2082,

2248Graticule, 5Gravel scale, Fairbanks, 2898-2899Gravesande, J S

author, 576, 610, 1852sc designer, 577, 609

Gravitation, measuring, 327Gravity ball, 230

definition, 230, 232Gravity weight, definition, 232

Gray, Francisapprentice of Harrison, Thomas, 1727, 1731coin sc mkr, 556dates, 1731, 1737master of Blades, Tristram, 1730master of Goodman, William, 1730, 1737member of Skinners Co, 1727

Great Customs, wool tax, 2017Great Exhibition, 10, 1885-1886

see also catalogueGreat Exhibition 1851, 3303

awards to Day, W C, 1636awards to Fairbanks, E & T & Co, 107awards to Winfield, R W, 10full catalogue, 1664Pooley exhibited, 1664Sheldon, John, 446

Great Exhibition 1862, 3303Great Recoinage 1696, 1041-1042Great Recoinage of 1774, 2563

see also Acts of Parliament, 1774Greatrex & Pallett

date, 1736possibly successors of Pallett, Thomas II, 1736

Greaves, Edward, 16, 1233bismar mkr, 16, 1031coin sc mkr, 235dates, 16, 237postal sc, 16, 147, 235-237sc for Colonial India, 147successor of Greaves, John & Son, 237

Greaves, John & Sonbismar mkr, 16, 1233coin & postal sc, 16, 235-238coin steelyard, 235dates, 16, 237movable load sc mkr, 1032Old Advert, 238registered design, 238succeeded by Greaves, Edward, 237trade card, 238using German silver, 1972

Greece, technical achevements of, 2144Greek, weight, 2147-2148Greek ccd, 190Green, D G & Sons, wts mkr, 638Green, David

dates, 638, 1788successor of Green, I & D, 1788wts mkr, 636, 638, 1788

Green, I & Ddates, 636succeeded by Green, David, 1788wts, 638, 639

Green, Thomas & Codates, 638wts, 638

Greenbury, J, patentee, 565Greene, James

apprentice of Hoe, Robert, 1736dates, 1736

Greene, Joseph, 2465

Greenhill, B Jdates, 1736succeeded by Greenhill, Benjamin & Francis, 1736

Greenhill, Benjamin & Francisdate, 1736successor of Greenhill, B J, 1736

Greenhill, Benjamin Millsapprentice of Pallett, Richard, 1736succeeded by Greenhill, B J, 1736succeeded by Hamshaw, Thomas Philip, 1739

Greenhill, Mary Adate, 1736successor of Greenhill, William, 1736widow of Greenhill, William ?, 1736

Greenhill, Williamdates, 1736husband of Greenhill, Mary A ?, 1736succeeded by Greenhill, Mary A, 1736successor of Wenborn, Robert, 1736

Green's, "R W Winfield" (article), 10-12Greer, John N, assignor, 2862Gregory, Isaac

author, 1108imperialised metric system, 1107-1112

Gresham, Sir Thomas, 2443Gresham, St, 1745Gresham's Law, 1060Grice, coin wts mkr, 1081-1086Grice's, "Avery? Fairbanks?" (article), 1422-1425Grierson (author), 1998, 2072Grieshaber's

German P O, letter, 580"Making Scales" (article), 844-847, 889-892"Making Scales & Weights" (article), 468-475

Griesshaber, Langenbergh coin sc owner, 2942Griffenhagen (author), 808Griffin, C

address, 2124poise collecting postal scale, 2123-2124, 2126poise lifting postal scale, 2123-2124, 2126

Griffin, J J & Sons, specific gravity sc, 757Griffin, J J & Sons Ltd

precision bal mkr, 1821, 2656scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Griffin, John J & Coprecision bal mkr, 1821, 2662scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Griffin, John J & Sonsprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Griffin, John Josephprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Griffin, Richard & Coprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Griffin & George, chemical bal, 6, 281

Griffin & George Ltd, see also catalogueGriffin & Tatlock

chemical bal, 281, 479precision bal mkr, 1791

Griffin & Tatlock Ltd, sc mkr, 2167Griffiths, A


Griffon's head see Bristol Assay OfficeGrigg, James

apprentice of Goodman, John, 1729, 1731dates, 1731sc mkr, 1729

Griggs, Johnapprentice of Drake, Humphrey, 1735employed by Hart, Susan, 1735

Grimsby mark (boars heads in shield), 1977Groat, 1561

also called gros de Calais, 1561"The Grocer" (article by Newall), 2468-2471Grocers Co Guild, 1074, 1724

inspection of wts, 1892Grocers sc

accuracy, 3equal arm, 78, 137, 559, 1196half-roberval & steelyard, 1592mkr

Chatillon, John & Sons, 1592Day & Millward, 1442Fairbanks & Co, 78, 109, 994, 1807Herbert & Sons, 1196, 1728, 1741, 1744, 1746Parnall & Sons, 1452, 1456Troemner, Henry, 1643

pot, 1452retailer

Gilbert, Ames & Co, 1726Perry, W G & Son, 558Savage & Co, 1726

semi-self indicating, 8steelyard with two beams, 1807steelyard with vertically stored poises, 1538trip, 1591see also counter sc

Gros see weights, denomination, grosGros, H

wt mkr, 386-387wt patentee, 387

Gros de Calais see groatGross wt, 1689

definition, 232law, 1182

Ground nut sc, 544mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544

Grout, Johnapprentice of Pallett, Thomas I, 1736dates, 1736erroneously shown as apprentice of Bassingham,

Samuel, 1731succeeded by Fletcher, William, 1731, 1746

Grove, Christopher Iapprentice of Saunders, Robert, 1734

dates, 1734father of Grove, Christopher II, 1734husband of Grove, Rebecca, 1734master of Alcocke, Robert, 1734master of Grove, Christopher II, 1734master of Thompson, Jeremiah, 1734

Grove, Christopher IIapprentice of Grove, Christopher I, 1734son of Grove, Christopher I, 1734son of Grove, Rebecca, 1734

Grove, Rebeccadates, 1734master of 1 apprentice, 1743mother of Grove, Christopher II, 1734widow of Grove, Christopher I, 1734

Grove, Thomasapprentice of Chandler, Thomas, 1734apprentice of Sewell, George, 1734

Grove, Thomas II, apprentice of Young, John I, 1734Grove Co, 2099

Advertisement, 2100"Growing up with Milk Scales"(article by Firth), 3420-

3425Grs see weights, denomination, grainGrubb, Thomas

dates, 1800scientific instrument mkr, 1800

Gruber, John P.addresses, 2551advert for, 2551apothecary wt, 2551assay sc mkr, 2551bank sc mkr, 2551dates, 2551Indian cent, 2551weights mkr, 2551

Grund, P, C-spring mkr, 1875Gruuthuse Museum, Bruges, 2108Guard link see Pendant"Guarding the Nation from Weight Fraud" (article), 3335-

3336Guenea see wei; weights, denomination, guineaGuericke, Otto von, scientist & designer, 575Guerin, Rene, patentee, 1370, 1374Guide to Weighing Instruments, by Crawforth (review), 17,

65Guild see Clothworkers; Cutlers; Drapers; Founders;

Goldsmiths; Grocers; Haberdashers; Joiners; Leathersellers; Pepperers; Plumbers; Skinners; Spectaclemakers; Spicers; Weavers

Guild of St Eligius, Portugal, 3454Guildhall, stamping, 1960Guilds, rules, 1724Guilloche, definition, 19Guinea

counterfeit, 266, 270definition, 459, 1040demonetised 1892, 1126minted, 1828various values, 882, 1041, 1042, 1304

Guinea see weights, denominationGuinea balance, 2446

Guinea sc (coin sc), 1466, 2446Guinea wg (comment), 15Guinea wts

articles by Stocks & Crawforth, 459-467, 495-504see also weights, denomination

Guineasbefore 1760, 1080, 1304before 1771, 1080, 1304after 1771, 1080, 1303light, 496

Gunja beans, 925Gunn see Houghton & GunnGunpowder sc, 66

Peson à ressort, 2171-2172Gunter see Lockhaus & GuntherGuppy, Rex, paper scale maker, 3505Gurley, W & L E

engineering instrument mkr, 2965Massachusetts Pattern sealers kit mkr, 2965-2966measurers mkr, 2965precision bal mkr, 1821, 2964reweighing kit

mkr, 2966used by FDA, 2966

scientific instrument mkr, 1821supplier of sc for US Wts & Meas, 2965supplier of Standards for NBS, 2965surveying instrument mkr, 2965transit mkr, 2964user of Hall Process, 2964weights mkr, 2965see also catalogue

Gurley, William, 2964biography, 2964-2965partner of Gurley, Lewis, 2964partner of Phelps, Jonas, 2964

Gurley Precision Instrumentssuccessor of Gurley, W & L E, 2966successor of Teledyne Corp, 2966

Gutta-percha, 3299Gvenea (gvinea) see weights, denomination, guineaGvlielmvs see weights, monarch, William III; weights,

monarch, William IVGvlielmvs et Maria rex, on coin wts, 1045Gye, F

poise collecting postal scale, 2123poise lifting postal scale, 2123

Gye, Frederick, 2121-2122postal scale description, 2121-2122postal scale mkr, 2121-2122

Gypsy sc (mancur), 1863

HH, mark on wts, 21, 46H:J see Jackson, HenryH & M

C-spring mkr, 1875mancur mkr, 435

H & Sapothecary wt mkr, 829, 834see also Hodgson & Stead

H A see Archdall, Henry

H A A H on wts (Archdall, Henry), 1756H C crowned, mark on wts, 93H crowned, 21

mark on wts, 93see also Henry Rex

H F, mark on wts, 93H F conjoined mark, 1960

see also Higham, FerrarsH hammer under crown N, mark in pans see Neale, HenryH I, mark on wts, 462H L see hectolitreH M Govt, mark on wts, 437"H M Weaver Improved" (article from patent), 2585-2586"H M Weaver Scale" (article by Gluck), 2512-2513H N mkrs mark, Neale, Henry, 1381H R

mark on wts, 985see also Henricus Rex

H R B, mark on jockey wt, 825H R crowned, 20H S, C-spring mkr, 1875H*J, coin wts mkr, 1802Haagse Balensen en Gewichtenfabriek, wts mkr, 1264Haas, went to Portugal, 1724Haas see Hurter & HaasHaas, I B

came to UK from Swabia, 695Haas, Jacob B, 695made platform sc of Trotter, John design, 694-695platform sc mkr, 694-695

Haas, W WAmerican ccd patentee, 991ccd patentee, 991

Haberdashers' Coguild, 248members, 1583-1584, 1727records, 248

Haberdepois, system of weighing, 2018Haberdepois see avoirdupoisHaberson, Benjamin, American sc mkr, 1047Haberty poie, system of weighing, 2018Haberty poie see avoirdupoisHacienda de Desagravio

location map, 2904-2905Peruvian wts found at, 2904-2905, 2908

Hacienda de Sagrario, Peruvian wts found at, 2903, 2907Haddan, H J, patent agent, 539-540Hadn, mark on wts, 93Haeberle (author), 87, 134, 278, 610, 728, 1465Haeberle's

"Quintenz Rolle & Schwilgue decimal sc" (article), 885-888

Zehntausend Jahre Waageextract, 885-888review, 87, 610

Hagley Library, 2887, 3199Hahn, George

coin-operated pendulum sc, 1629patent, 1653patentee, 1629-1630precision bal pendulum sc, 1629

Hahn, Philipp Matthaus

dates, 607inventor, 572, 607-608, 2732kitchen sc mkr, 572pendulum sc mkr, 608, 1073triple load position pendulum sc, 609

Haighs' "W & M Control in South Africa" (article), 439-444

Haigis, precision bal mkr, 493Hakari, Japanese sc, 319Hakluyt (author), 56Hale, Mrs, cookery writer, 1250Half-angel see weights, denomination, angelHalf-crown see weights, denomination, crownHalf-dollar

post-1853, 2063pre-1853, 2063

Half-groat, 1562also called demi-gros, 1561

Half-laurel see weights, denomination, laurelHalf-once, 2361Half-peck loaf see peck loafHalf quartern loaf see quartern loafHalf roberval, definition, 255, 397Half roberval & half imperial, 2672Half roberval & hanging pan, 133, 255, 940, 1256Half roberval & micrometer steelyard, 361, 505, 1685Half roberval & pendulum, 130, 133, 255, 379, 383, 414-

415, 417, 622, 678, 958, 1406, 1649Half roberval & poise, 1649Half roberval & spring, 130, 133, 381-383, 515, 527-528,

547, 623, 974, 1093, 1261, 1407, 1600, 1669-1675, 1697, 2097-2099, 3165-3171

patent, 981, 1404, 3165-3171Half roberval & steelyard, 14, 78, 86, 109, 130, 133, 144,

171, 218, 255, 341, 375, 379, 383, 415, 537, 652, 678, 771, 942, 1021, 1028, 1217, 1223, 1256, 1258, 1260, 1278, 1312, 1460, 1592, 1671, 1807, 1811, 2505-2506, 2685

advantage, 1027definition, 1027ease of use, 1369patent, 1028

Half roberval & telescopic steelyard, 341, 596Half roberval & weight lifter, 130-133, 340, 395, 399, 410,

538-539, 566, 1223, 1469"Half Roberval Letter Scale" (article by Robinson), 3348Half roberval sc, 2600

patent, 2600patentee, 2600

Half-roberval spring scale, 2649Half-unite see weights, denomination, uniteHalifax, coin forgers, 264-268, 1303Hall, A S, moisture tester, letter, 219Hall, J & Son

bread, sc mkr, 1089counter sc mkr, 1648see also catalogue

Hall, Johnapprentice of Wilford, David, 1734apprentice of Wilford, David, 1734master of 7 apprentices, 1743worked for Gowers, Weston, 1734

Hall, Nathanielpendulum sc mkr, 198-199, 707, 1253-1254, 1403,

1913, 3184pendulum sc patentee, 147, 198-199, 421, 455-456,

707, 991, 1370, 1792, 3184Hall, R F, patentee, 549Hall & Co, postal sc retailers, 938Hall Process, for aluminium smelting, 2964Halliday, J, 2109-2110"Hallmarks on Base Metal" (article by Withers), 1471-1479Hallock, David, American patentee, 3320Halse's, "Canal Weigh-house at Midford" (article), 2415-

2419Halsey & Dale's Metric Fallacy (1904), 2092Halstaff & Hannaford, postal sc retailers, 938Hamburgische Staatsverband, 2277Hamilton, G, patentee, 425-426Hamilton Scale Co

American sc mkr, 1711-1712person sc mkr, 1711-1712

Hammer & crownmembers of Blacksmiths' Co, 1291, 1381mkrs mark, 1355-1356, 1377, 1381

Hamon, F, C-spring mkr, 1875Hamon, H, C-spring mkr, 1875Hamon, I?, C-spring mkr, 1875Hamon, Painé, C-spring mkr, 1875Hamon, Paul, C-spring mkr, 1875Hamon, Pierre, C-spring mkr, 1875Hampshire

C*S mark, 1926C*S with H below mark, 1926

Hampton, J W Jr, witness for Harris, Sandy, 3115Hamshaw, T

bought by Herbert's, 2129tea scale mkr, 2110trade card, 2110

Hamshaw, Thomas & Sonsaddress, 2110dates, 1739, 2110successors of Hamshaw, Thomas Philip, 1739

Hamshaw, Thomas Philipaddress, 2110dates, 1739, 2110partner of Dowling, Edward, 1739succeeded by Hamshaw, Thomas & Sons, 1739successor of Dowling & Hamshaw, 1739successor of Greenhill, Benjamin Mills, 1739

Hancock, A, patentee, 595Hand, Ephraim

coin sc mkr, 1783, 1801dates, 1801Irish sc mkr, 1783, 1801trade card, 1801

The Handbook of Old Weighing Instruments (1984), Crawforth, M, 2087

Handbook of Weights & Measures by Roberts (review), 87Handle

definition, 255wts see weight, shape

Handy Postal Scale, 3045, 3242-3243"Handy Postal Scales"(article by Schmidt), 3242-3243

Hane, Peter Casparcoin sc mkr, 30, 63dates, 63German sc mkr, 30, 63

Hangerby ball-&-rod mkr, 1291, 1293-1294cranked, 137, 150, 712, 768, 1352

date, 1351definition, 255double forks, 1093-1098, 1790first cranked, 1053, 1351rod, 631twisted, 1095

Hanger for counterpoises, 255Hanger for pan, 255-256, 260Hanger for plate, 255, 258Hanger for proportional wts, 217, 255, 258, 312Hanging sc, definition, 255Hanging sheep, mark on wts, 164"Hanging Zeniths - Chicken orTurkey" (article by

Amsbaugh), 3140-3144Hanin

C-spring bal mkr, 1867, 3151C-spring mkr, 1867, 1875, 3151c-spring with rack & pinion, 1865-1866dial-face spring bal, 1073

Hanin, à Paris, C-spring mkr, 1875, 3151Hanin, à St Romaine, C-spring mkr, 1875Hanin, ainé, C-spring mkr, 1875Hanin, C-spring mkr, 1867, 1875, 2172, 3151Hanin, C-spring with rack & pinion, 1865-1866Hanin, dial-face spring bal, 1073Hanin, fils

C-spring mkr, 1867, 1875coin operated sc patentee, 2451Hanin, Guillaume Emmanuel, 1867person sc mkr, 1867, 2451spring bal mkr, 1867

Hanin, fils à Paris, C-spring mkr, 1875Hanin, fils à St Romaine, C-spring mkr, 1875Hanin, Guillaume Emmanuel

Hanin, fils, 1867scientific instrument mkr, 1867

Hanin, le père, C-spring mkr, 1875Hanin, père & fils, patentee, 1867Hanin, scale mkr, 1867, 1875, 2172, 3151Hannaford see Halstaff & HannafordHannaford, C A Sydenham, egg sc retailer, 1726Hansen, C H, 2296Hansen, Marius

biography, 2952-2955founder Hanson Bros Scale Co, 2952patentee, 2953, 2972

Hansen, William, 2953-2955Hanson

Ful-O-Pep advert sc mkr, 2974person sc mkr, 1710, 1802, 2955Purina advert sc mkr, 2974steel tool box mkr, 2973Wrigley advert sc mkr, 2954

Hanson see catalogue, HansonHanson, Paul Jr., 2502

Hanson Industries, 3008clock manufacturer, 3008subsidiary of Hanson Limited, 3008Tellits Dials subsidiary, 3009

Hanson Limited, 3008bought by Teraillon, 3011UK Green stamps as customer, 3008

Hanson Scalebaby spring sc mkr, 2954, 2973bathroom sc mkr, 2954, 2972-2973, 2975, 2976, 3009coin operated person sc mkr, 2954, 2972competing with Borg, 2973competing with Brearley, 2973competing with Detecto, 2973competing with Health-o-Meter, 2973dietetic sc mkr, 2973

for Chicago Dietetic Supply, 2973European trade shows, 3008expansion, 2976-2977, 3007-3012expansion into Australia, 3007expansion into France, 3009expansion into Germany, 3009expansion into Ireland, 2976-2977, 3007-3008exportation, 2976farm sc mkr, 2973-2974foreign agents, 2976hanging spring sc mkr, 2955history, 2952-2955kitchen sc mkr, 2954, 2973-2974, 3007-3008overseas operation of, 2976-2977package sc mkr, 2954postal sc mkr, 2954, 2973, 2974received E Award, 2977Texas cotton sc mkr, 2972, 2974-2975US interests sold to Sunbeam, 3007Viking sc mkr, 2972

"Hanson Scale Company, Part 1" (article by Hanssen), 2952-2955



Hanson Scales, succeeded by Metro, 3010Hanssen

Eric, 3009owner Detecto Scales, 3010Production Manager, Hanson Limited, 3009

Jim, 3009death, 3010Managing Director, Hanson Limited, 3010

Stanowner Detecto Scales, 3010producing Detecto Scales, 3010producing Metro Scales, 3010

Hanssen, Stan Lee, 2954-2955Hanssen's

"Hanson Scale Company, Part 3" (article), 3007-3012"Hanson Scale Company, Part 1" (article), 2952-2955"Hanson Scale Company, Part 2" (article), 2972-2977

Hardy, James, wts mkr, 810Hare, Joseph, wts mkr, 810Harford, Henry B, assignor, 2862

Hargrave & Bartlett, succeeded by Hargrave & McCraight, 1735

Hargrave & McCraightsuccessor of Hargrave & Bartlett, 1735successor of McCraight, Charles & Son, 1735

Harling, G, yarn bal patentee see Thomas, G & Harling, GHarness, Captain, Deputy Master of Royal Mint, 104Harp crowned, mark on wts, 164Harp top, definition, 255-256Harper, John & Co Ltd

kitchen sc mkr, 765, 1964Old Advert, 1965patentee, 765, 1964

Harper, John & Co Ltd & Crowley, C, kitchen sc patentee, 765

Harrisassay master, 390see also Melliship & Harris

Harris, Johncoin sc mkr, 242, 391, 593, 1040, 1379-1380dates, 1380, 1727, 1738husband of Harris, Susan (wrongly called Elizabeth),

242, 1738master of Smelt, Samuel, 1738member of Clothworkers Co, 1727steelyard mkr, 1040, 1379succeeded by Harris, Susan, 1738trade card, 1380wt mkr, 1040

Harris, P & Co (1913) Ltdprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Harris, Philip & Coprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Harris, Philip & Co Ltdchromium-plated wt mkr, 2550precision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Harris, Philip Ltd, 2550Harris, Sandy, 3110-3112, 3113, 3115

American patentee, 3110-3112, 3113double beam patent, 3112grocery clerk, 3110half roberval & pendulum patent, 3112half roberval & steelyard patent, 3110-3112, 3113occupations, 3115patent witness, 3110-3112, 3115

Giller, Charles F, 3115Hampton, J W Jr, 3115Jones, Samuel P, 3115Lacey, William, 3116Mister, J W, 3115Palmer, A H, 3116

patents of, 3110-3112working at Philadelphia Custom House, 3110

Harris, Susan (wrongly called Elizabeth)coin sc mkr, 242successor of Harris, John, 1738

widow of Harris, John, 242Harris, William & Co, ccd mkr, 274, 1034Harrison

ccd mkr, 287, 365, 446, 1034coin movable load sc mkr, 1034see also Longton & Harrison

Harrison, Charlescoin sc mkr, 1802coin wts mkr, 1802dates, 1802scientific instrument mkr, 1802

Harrison, James, coin wts mkr, 1508Harrison, Thomas

apprentice of Roberts, Richard II, 1731coin sc mkr, 495, 676curly sight-hole shears, 1588-1589dates, 1588, 1731master of Gray, Francis, 1727trade card, 1588

Harrison, W H see McNally & HarrisonHarrods, household sc retailer, 1727Hart

egg sc mkr, 1279see also Vandome & Hart Ltd

Hart, Benjaminapprentice of Snart, John, 211brother of Hart, Joseph II, 1735coin sc mkr, 212, 242, 244, 248dates, 211, 1735master of Read, Samuel, 244son of Hart, Joseph I, 242son of Hart, Susan, 242successor of Hart, Joseph II, 1735

Hart, D W Mfg Co, egg sc mkr, 1279Hart, David

crane weigher mkr, 1734dates, 1730, 1734succeeded by Hart, David & Co, 1730successor of James, John & Co, 1730

Hart, David & Co, 2129combined with Vandome & Co, 1730dates, 1730, 1734shop sc mkr, 1734successor of Hart, David, 1730weighing machine mkr, 1730

Hart, H W Mfg Coegg sc mkr, 1283rocker mkr, 1283

Hart, Henry C, Mfg Co, 2609-2610Hart, Joseph I

apprentice of Neale, Samuel, 248, 1735coin sc mkr, 212, 242, 248, 1377dates, 1735father of Hart, Benjamin, 242father of Hart, Joseph II, 1735husband of Hart, Susan, 242master of Snart, John, 248, 1735succeeded by Hart, Susan, 1735

Hart, Joseph IIbrother of Hart, Benjamin, 1735master of Mantell, Samuel, 1736son of Hart, Joseph I, 1735

succeeded by Hart, Benjamin, 1735successor of Hart, Susan, 1735

Hart, Susancoin sc mkr, 242, 1377dates, 1735employed Griggs, John, 1735mother of Hart, Benjamin, 242mother of Hart, Joseph II, 1735succeeded by Hart, Joseph II, 1735successor of Hart, Joseph I, 1735widow of Hart, Joseph I, 242, 1743

Hartley, spring bal mkr, 773Hartley, David, 2446Hartley, V & N Ltd, weigh scoop mkr, 3234Hartner

coin operated sc mkr, 2495egg sc mkr, 381G, person sc mkr, 1707

Hartner, GGerman sc mkr, 381, 1707office in London, 1725paper scale retailer, 1697-1699pendulum sc retailer, 1698-1700person sc mkr, 1707see also catalogue

Harvard, 3148electronic computer of, 2216

Harvard Trip Scale, 3092-3096Central Scientific mkr, 3092-3096

Harvard's Descriptive List of Elementary Physical Experiments 1887, 3092

Harvey, Charles T., agent for Fairbanks, 3239-3240Haskins, Jonathan, wts mkr, 1726Hass, Stu, 3071Hassler, U S designer, 102Hassler, Prof, present from US Government, 2080Hastings mark, 2034Hatton (author), 1310Hauser, postal sc mkr, 147Hauth, Ernst, béranger mkr, 2440Hawkes, Joshua

apprentice of Dutton, James, 1733dates, 1733sc mkr, 1733

Hawkins, Williamapprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729coin sc mkr, 245dates, 1739

Hay, Jamesalso spelled Hayes, 1508dates, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508, 1513

Hay sc mkrDavis, A B & Co, 785Fairbanks & Co, 86, 992Starratt & Masters, 666

Hay weighing forksbismar, 669spring, 666-671

"Hay Weighing Forks" (article by Carley), 666-671Hayes, James see Hay, JamesHaywood, William, coin wts, 460, 465, 1043

Health-o-Meter, competitor of Hanson, 2973Health-O-Meter Scales, 3011-3012Heaney, D, patentee, 669-671Heard, Thomas

Old Bailey trial of, 3085sc mkr, 3085, 3091

Heard, Thomas Iapprentice of Moffett, Elizabeth, 1739dates, 1739succeeded by Heard, Thomas II, 1739

Heard, Thomas IIdates, 1739successor of Heard, Thomas I, 1739

Hearn, Josephmember of Leathersellers Co, 1727sc mkr, 1727

Heath, JohnJ H S, 199postal sc mkr, 199wts mkr, 810

Hebrew, civilization, 2147Hectolitre measure, grain, 51, 825Hedges, J J see British Research Association, Barker, S G

& Hedges, J JHedicke, Max

grain sc patentee, 81patent agent, 81

Heeley, Edmundcoin sc mkr, 1723date, 1723

Heeley, James & Sonspostal sc, 199, 428, 456sovereign sc, 1039

Heil, Henry, see also catalogueHeitzler, Michel, biography, 2486Heitzler's, "Béranger" (article), 2479-2488Heizer, EL & AI, weigh scoop patentee, 492Helical coil tension spring, 3499-3504Heller, Julius, bilateral sc mkr, 3325Heller's, Balduin Söehne, patentee, 318Heller's, Balduin Söhne, 317

parcel sc mkr, 317-318Helliwell, coin tester mkr, 621Hemins, Edward, 2388Henley, candlestick sc mkr, 3128-3129Henricus Rex, mark on wts, 20Henry, Solomon

coin sc mkr, 263, 271, 282, 1723, 1760collaboration with Warner, Thomas, 1723dates, 1723patentee, 263, 271, 276, 282, 501

Henry C Hart Co, 2609-2610Henry IV, wts see weights, monarch, Henry IV of G BHenry Rex, 21, 46

H crowned mark on wts, 21Henry VI, wts see weights, monarch, Henry VI of G BHenry VII of G B

documents, 17inspections in market, 730

Henry VIII of G BKing of England, 2221marks, 20

wts see weights, monarch, Henry VIII of G BHentha wts

article, 347-352see also weight, shape

Herbertarticle, 1191-1202trainer of Wood, John, 2129

Herbert, Georgebuilding new premises, 1199patentee, 549proprietor of Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1193

Herbert, inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469Herbert, Jim, Letter from, 2129Herbert, Richard, 2129

biography, 3091Herbert, Thomas, 2129

addresses, 1202apoth sc mkr, 354, 1192butchers sc mkr, 1192dates, 1193, 1736employed by Pallett, Elizabeth Mary, 1736, 1745succeeded by Herbert, Thomas & Sons, 1736trade sc mkr, 1191-1202weighing machine mkr, 1192

Herbert, Thomas & Sons, 352, 1193dates, 1736inverted roberval, 1193, 2469at same address as Medhurst Bros & Co, 1735succeeded by Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1736successor of Wood, Henry, 1732, 1736, 1746successor of Wood, Robert & Henry, 2090successors of Birch, George, 1736successors of Herbert, Thomas, 1736

Herbert & Sons, 2129addresses, 1202agate bearings, 1745apothecary sc mkr, 1195-1196béranger mkr, 2440béranger sc mkr, 1198, 1742butchers sc mkr, 1192, 1196-1198, 1743butter sc mkr, 1197-1198cheesemongers sc mkr, 1743coal sc mkr, 1196, 1725-1727counter sc mkr, 1195-1196, 1723, 1728, 1744-1745curvilinear coal weighing machine, 1725dates, 354, 1193design registration, 1197double weighing machine, 1725flour sc mkr, 1196, 1728French pattern roberval, 1741, 1742gold sc mkr, 1195grocers sc mkr, 1196, 1728, 1741, 1744, 1746half-roberval & steelyard, 1726inverted roberval sc mkr, 1723kitchen sc mkr, 1195, 1729lever weighing machine, 1726middle single machine, 1724patent, 1725platform sc mkr, 1195, 1726provision dealers sc mkr, 1724, 1743registered design, 1197, 1723, 1743roberval sc mkr, 1193, 1195, 1723-1725, 1728-1729,

1743sc retailer, 1748scroll stand, 1744spring bal mkr, 1748Standards sc mkr, 1196steelyard mkr, 1196, 1726, 1748trade card, 1194weights, 1201, 1748see also catalogue

Herbert & Sons Ltd, 354, 1191-1202, 1722addresses, 1202butchers sc mkr, 1197, 1200-1201dates, 354, 1191, 1193, 1736electronic sc mkr, 1202fan sc mkr, 1200hygiene, 1200owners of Hislop, 1198successors of Herbert, Thomas & Sons, 1736successors of Vandome & Hart Ltd, 2129trade card, 1198trade mark, 1191Wembley lion, 1199see also catalogue

"Herbert Griesshaber's 1648 Cologne Langenbergh Scale & Box" (article by Batz), 2942-2944

Herbert's"Herbert's the Tale of a Lion" (article), 1191-1202"The Proceedings of the Old Bailey London 1674-

1834" (article), 3085-3091Herberts, J W see Herbertz, John WilliamHerberts, Johan Abraham, German sc mkr, 30, 63Herberts, John William see Herbertz, John WilliamHerberts, Wilem, Herbertz, Johann Wilhelm, 1871"Herbert's A Chronology of Trade Scalemakers" (article by

Crawforth- Hitchins), 1723-1748"Herbert's Part 3" (article by Wilkinson), 2129Herbert's skills derived from Roberts, Timothy, 2129Herbert's skills derived from Taylor, William, 2129"Herbert's The Tale of a Lion" (article by Herbert), 1191-

1202Herbertz, I W see Herbertz, John WilliamHerbertz, Johann Abraham

coin sc mkr, 30, 54, 63dates, 63, 3145

Herbertz, Johann Philipp Ibox decoration, 28dates, 1871, 3145German sc mkr, 29-30, 63, 1871

Herbertz, Johann Philipp IIcoin sc mkr, 63dates, 63, 1871, 3145German sc mkr, 1871trade card, 29

Herbertz, Johann Phillippcoin sc, 27-30, 49, 54, 63-64coin sc mkr, 63trade card, 29

Herbertz, Johann Wilhelmcoin sc, 29-30, 49, 53-55, 63, 112, 501-502coin sc mkr, 63dates, 63, 3145signed as Herberts, Wilem, 1871

trade card, 29, 112Herbertz, Johann Wilhelm see Herbertz, John WilliamHerbertz, John William

apothecary sc mkr, 800coin sc mkr, 49, 53-55, 63, 112

in Solingen, 49dates, 54, 112, 1724trade card while in Solingen, 112trained in Solingen, 63, 112, 1724wts mkr, 502

Herbertz, PC-spring mkr, 1871, 1875German sc mkr, 1871

Herbertz, Wilem, 1871see also Herbertz, Johann Wilhelm

"Here's the Straight Scoop" (article by Katz), 2923-2924Herper, F J, ccd mkr, 819Herr, Henry C

biography, 3244Michigan patentee, 3244

Herrmann, A Ccoin operated sc mkr, 2451coin operated sc patentee, 2451

Herschell, Sir John, Master of Royal Mint, 104Hertfordshire County mark, 21Hetherington, R D D

pot plate, 1447shop sc retailers, 1447trade sc retailer, 1447

Hewins, Richarddates, 1738master of Marsh, John, 1738

Hexagonal bargraduated, 1174patented, 1176

Hexagonal wts see weight, shapeHiatt, Benjamin

dates, 1739succeeded by Phillips, Samuel, 1746

Hiatt, Henrycoin sc mkr, 1739dates, 1739at same address as Hiatt, James, 1739succeeded by Hiatt, Sarah, 1739

Hiatt, James, at same address as Hiatt, Henry, 1739Hiatt, Mary A

dates, 1739succeeded by Phillips, Samuel, 1739

Hiatt, Sarahsucceeded by Miles, William Henry, 1733, 1746successor of Hiatt, Henry, 1739

Hibbert (author), 1563Hicks, Joseph I


Hide sc, 1863see also C-spring; mancur

Hide sc mkr, Chatillon, John & Sons, 1596High capacity analytical sc, Vertex Industries Inc, 1000High Constable, 1925, 1955Higham, Ferrars mark, 1960

Higham,Thomas, 3410-3411Hilger & Sons

C-spring mkr, 435, 1875German sc mkr, 1874-1875

Hilgersom's "Alternative Shapes for Analytical Weights" (article), 795-796

Hill, James, stamper of money wts, 1127Hill, Matthew

coin sc mkr, 270, 1724dates, 1724steelyard mkr, 1724

Hill, Robert, successor of Palmer Joseph, 1738Hill, Rowland

penny post, 817postage system initiator, 2, 19, 1220, 1229, 1233, 3026

Hill, Sir Roland, 3026Hill, William, British Post Master General, 3099Hillsborough, NC, city of, 3319Hilton

kitchen sc mkr, 765Novobeam trade name, 772

Himottu, A, weigh scoop patentee, 492Hinged beam, Roman, 1567Hinges, heart-cut-away, 1355, 1357-1358Hinz (author), 912Hipkins, steelyard patentee, 1092Hirondel (swift) mark (Arundel inspectors), 45, 1977Hiscock, W, patentee, 483-484, 509, 511-512, 1255, 1257Hislop

owned by Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1198Scottish sc mkr, 1198

Historic Jamestowne, 3212Historical Metrology by Berriman (review), 186History

of balances, 2217-2218of concept of mass, 2217of mediaeval weighing, 2217of weights, 2146

"History in a Box" (article by Crawforth), 1067-1070, 3161History of weighing, 2213

turning point in, 2213Hitchcock,Silvester S, 3456

working with Nutting,H, 3456Hitchins,' "Magnetic Damping" (article), 2190-2191Hitchins, Leslie, biography, 2191Hittite-Assyrian, civilization, 2147Hizar Terazzi, béranger sc mkr, 485Ho-Medic, successor to Taylor/Metro, 3012Hoadley, E J, 2097-2099

confectioner & Cigar Dealer, 2099producer of Moses' Cough Drops, 2099

Hoadley Manufacturing Co, 2099Hoag, G, ccd, 14-15, 930, 932Hobart, 3251Hobart Dayton 2000 System, 2208, 2214

printer on, 2214Hobed, 1075Hodgetts, Samuel

apprentice of Moffett, James Thomas, 1739dates, 1739

Hodgson, coin operated sc patentee, 2452Hodgson & Stead

coin operated sc patentee, 2452dates, 829H & S, wt mkr, 402, 829

Hodgson Committee, 2034Hoe, Robert

dates, 638, 1736master of Greene, James, 1736master of Phythian, Dod, 1736master of Winspeare, Thomas, 1736master of Wright, John, 1736shop sc mkr, 1736wts, 638

Hoffman, roberval sc mkr, 2487Hoffman, Edward, sc mkr, 2887Hoffman's system, 2321Hogshead, definition, 1160Holborn, 1745Holcroft, wts mkr, 585, 637Holcroft, T & Sons, wts, 637-638Holdaway's

"Another look back" (article), 851-855"Comment of English W & M Inspectors" (article),

1835-1836"How I Started" (article), 1099-1100"Inspector Looks Back" (article), 711-716

Holland (author), 1339Holland, Lionel, biography, 2510, 3206Holland's

"An Ancient Coin Balance" (article), 814-816"Islamic Bronze Wts from Caesarea Maritima" (article

in American Num Soc Mus Notes), 1339"Lead Cockleshells from Caesarea Maritima" (article),

3201-3206"Okka Weights in Ottoman Palestine" (article), 1023-

1025"Response to Ruttees" (article), 2447"Sartorius Again" (article), 2591-2592"Talent of St Mary" (article), 1332-1339Weight for Munitions? (query), 1272"Weights of the Bible" (article), 2507-2510, 2550

Hollandsche Optiek Fabriek (system Hensoldt) N Vdates, 844Netherlands sc mkr, 844precision bal mkr, 844succeeded by Fijn-mechanische Industrie Becker's Sons

N V, 844successors of Becker's Sons, 844

Holsboer, Berend, 3267, 3267-3290advertisment, 3287dates, 3267-3290postal scale of, 3267, 3287-3290

description of, 3288-3290used in Dutch Post Office, 3267, 3287-3290

working in Arnhem, 3267, 3287-3290Holsboer Optometrie, 3287Holt, I & W

coin sc mkr, 1738dates, 1738Holt, James & Holt, William, 1738succeeded by Holt, William, 1738successors of Holt, James, 1738

Holt, James

apprentice of Newton, William (omitted in error), 1738apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1735, 1738coin sc, 246, 810dates, 1735, 1738master of Holt, William, 1738partner of Holt, William, 1738succeeded by Holt, I & W, 1738

Holt, Williamapothecary sc mkr, 1738apprentice of Holt, James, 1738dates, 1738master of Chisholme, James, 1738partner of Holt, James, 1738successor of Holt, I & W, 1738

Holtman, Ritzo, 2545biography, 2184, 2532, 2547

Holtman's"Another German Coin-op" (article), 2532"Circular Radial Arrestment 1888-1965" (article),

2598, 2607"J H Becker, a Response" (article), 2183"Knipwaage from Netherlands" (article), 1897-1900"Mediaeval Nesting Weights" (query), 1751-1752"Mediaeval Nesting Weights" (reply), 1797"More 'Irish' Steelyards" (article), 1897-1900"Roman Steelyard" (reply), 1853-1854

Holtzapffel & Co, 1787, 2124-2125postal sc mkr, 399scientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Holtzhouser,Jacob P, American patentee, 3383, 3390Homa, 319

see also Weights, nationality, JapaneseHome-made wts see weight, shape, home-madeHomepride Flour Scale, 3376Homepride scales manufacturer, Spillers & Nephews, 3376Homer (author), 24Honey see Whitehead & HoneyHonourable East India Co., 2245Hook end, definition, 172-173Hooks, 548Hooper, H

inventor, 2, 19, 147, 1220medallion made by Silvester, Richard & Co, 2postal sc, 2, 19, 147, 1220, 1720

Hopken, F & Son, wts mkr, 1554Hopkins, Isaac Stiles, 2812

American patentee, 2812folding prescription bal, 2812Pres

Emory College, 2812GA Institute of Technology, 2812

Hoppe, spring bal mkr, 1555Horn, 1972

see also Ripon markHorn & Albracht

patent, 510, 3139, 3482postal sc, 510-511, 622, 3139, 3482

marked N B, 3482Hornbostel, E von, researcher, 2908, 2911Horncastle, England, 2221Horned hole end


Horner, S A, Angldile sales-manager, 2137Horse & woolsack, mark on wts, 1343Horse bread, 1052Hortyz see Ortyz, HHotson, J H, bismar patentee, 708Houben (author), 87, 816, 881, 954, 1435, 1562, 1607,

1789, 1796, 1879, 1901, 2944Houben & Wittop's, Koning's 2000 Jaar Gewichten in de

Nederland (review), 355Houben's

2000 Years of Nested Cup-weights (review), 738"Burmese Bronze Weights" (article), 347-352Coin-weightmakers for coins from 24 countries

(review), 2333De oudste Muntgewichten uit de Nederlanden 1300-

1600 (review), 2354"Diamond scale" (letter), 445"Earliest English Coin Weights" (article), 1561-1562"English Colonial Scales" (article), 1818"English Colonial Scales Part 3" (article), 1879European Coin-weights for English Coins (review), 66,

87"European Porcelain wts" (article), 385-388letter, 2108"Mediaeval beams", note, 1613Muntgewichten voor Munten van de Nederlanden

(review), 402"Scottish fleur de lys" (letter), 88Weighing of Money (review), 557

Houghten, Steven & Son, 2437, 2437Houghton, James, 2437

folding gold bal mkr, 2437Houghton, Stephen, folding gold bal mkr, 627, 2224Houghton, Stephen & Son, folding gold bal mkr, 673, 2437Houghton, Steven & Son

dates, 2437Ormskirk, 2437

Houghton, Thomascoin wt mkr, 503folding gold bal mkr, 231, 501-502, 673making folders for Arstall, William, 2002making folders for Bell, Hamlet, 1626

Houghton & Gunn, postal sc retailer, 512Household, spring sc mkr, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1630Household bal

pendulum, 608see also kitchen sc

Household bread, 1052Household sc retailer

Army & Navy Stores, 1727Asprey, 1727Gamages, 1727Harrods, 1727Moorhouse Ltd, 1727

Housekeepers sc, American, 1466How, James


"How Afghanistan Forged A Scale Collector" (article by

James), 2795-2798"How I Got Started"

article by Gear, 1521-1524article by Goodwin, 1321-1323article by Holdaway, 1099-1100article by Lindeyer, 1555article by Park, 1285-1286article by Wright, 1975-1976

Howard, Charlestrainer of Howard, Edward, 2368wheelwright, 2368

Howard, E & Cobicycle mkr, 2372-2373postal sc mkr, 2368watch mkr, 2372

Howard, Edward, 2367, 2643apprentice of Aaron, Willard Jr, 2368Deputy Sealer of W, M & Bal, 2369inventor, 2368scale part mkr, 2367watchmaker, 2372working with Plympton, 2369, 2643

Howard, R, tin beam mkr, 1787Howard & Co, postal sc mkr, 3235"Howard & Co." (article by Thomas), 3235Howard & Davis

broadside (1852), 2367bullion sc mkr, 1212, 1216clock & watck-mkrs, 1216coin sc mkr, 2375half-roberval sc mkr, 2370Post Office sc mkr, 1216, 2368, 2370postal sc mkr, 2368, 2404sc mkr, 2367-2375sewing machine mkrs, 2375Standard wts, meas, & bal mkr, 2372-2373

directions for use, 2373Sturbridge, MA, 2371-2374

successors to Plympton, Henry, 2643"Howard & Davis" (article by Wright), 2367-2375Howarth & Ballard, American sc retailer, 2046Howe, F C, weigh scoop patentee, 492Howe, John Jr, 2756Howe chronology, 2756"Howe Revisited" (article by Katz), 2756Howe Scale Co

addresses, 1527American sc mkr, 530, 900-901, 1071, 1526-1527,

1701, 2756beam sc mkr, 2421-2422counter sc mkr, 1528dates, 529, 1526-1527druggists sc mkr, 2050early history, 2756founder, 2756grain sc mkr, 1071paper scale maker, 1700patentee, 1527, 2756patentee Reynolds, W W, 2756person sc mkr, 2421-2422physicians' sc mkr, 2421-2422platform sc mkr, 1528, 2421-2422

postal sc mkr, 1527, 1529postal steelyard, 1527, 2307roberval sc mkr, 530, 1528shop sc, 530, 901steelyard mkr, 1527-1528, 1701successor to Brandon Mfg Co, 2756trademark, 1528, 1530union sc mkr, 901see also catalogue

"Howe they altered" (article by Crawforth, D), 1528-1531Howell & James

dates, 2990-2992encouraged designers of Art Nouveau style, 2991postal sc retailers, 663, 938, 2990-2993, 3005, 3021retailers for Dr Christopher Dresser, 2991retailers of S Mordan, 663, 938, 2990-2993Scottish saltire cross design, 2990-2992suppliers to Queen Victoria, 2990-2992see also Mordan, Sampson

"Howell & James" (article by Andrew Crawforth), 2990-2993, 3021, 3206

"Howell & James Revisited" (article by Govier), 3021Hoyer see Spindler & HoyerHucksters sc, definition, 255Hudson, Robert

apprentice of Williams, Thomas I, 1730dates, 1730recipient of Christ's Hospital grant, 1747

Hugershoff, Franz, German wts mkr, 1463Hughes, G T, postal sc retailer, 398Hughes, J

baby bal, 516family bal, 516patentee, 516, 549pocket bal, 516

Hughes, J R, patentee, 549Hughes, R T, postal sc retailer, 398Hughes Baby Bal see Salter, Geo & CoHughes Family Bal see Salter, Geo & CoHughes Pocket Bal see Salter, Geo & CoHuguenot influences, 1849Hull, coin sc forgers, 1303Hull mark, 1928Hull museum collection of coin-wts, 1794Hulls see Bradford, Darby & HullsHulls, J & Bradford, W

patentee, 276, 313, 394, 1309see also Bradford, Darby & Hulls

Hulls, Jonathan see Bradford, Darby & Hulls; Hulls & Bradford

Hulls & Bradford, patentee, 276, 313, 394, 1309Hultsch (author), 1997Human-form wts see weight, shape, human"Humans on Scales" (article by Crawforth, D), 1287-1295,

3281Humidometer, 3078Hund, G, postal sc mkr, 220Hundred

definition, 1992, 2015long, 2018

Hundreds, county divisions, 1924Hundredweight

London, 1990, 2017mediaeval, 2015Paris, 2018

HungarianDucat sc see Ducat sczinc wts see weights, nationality

"Hungarian Rocker?" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 3040Hunt, Basil

coin sc mkr, 1508coin wts mkr, 1062dates, 1508

Hunt, J, egg sc patentee, 376, 380-381Hunt, Thomas, 2466Hunt, William

apprentice of Peck, John, 1730date, 1730partner of Seaton, James, 1730succeeded by Hunt, William & Co, 1730

Hunt, William & Codates, 638, 1730shop sc mkr, 1730succeeded by Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 1730successors of Hunt, William, 1730wts mkr, 638

Hunt, Willie, proprietor of Hunt & Co, 3318Hunt & Co, bread, sc mkr, 1089Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd

bought by Vandome & Hart Ltd, 1730, 3318same address as Poupard, Thomas James, 1730shop sc mkr, 1730, 3318successors of Hunt, William & Co, 1730

Hunt & Seatondate, 1730jewellers sc mkr, 1730

Huntar see HunterHuntar (author), 2072Hunter (author), 1705Hunter, Alexander, receiver of bullion at Scottish Mint,

2071Hunter, J W, weigh scoop patentee, 492Hunter's Treatise of Weights Metrology & Measures of

Scotland (review), 189Hurd, A B, weigh scoop patentee, 492Hurd, Nathaniel, coin sc mkr, 2474Hurley, Jonathan

apprentice of Ben, John, 1733dates, 1733master of Payne, Thomas, 1733

Hurter & Haasdates, 1724precision bal mkr, 1724, 1745

Hutchinson, Jenny, biography, 2933Hutchinson's

"Goat Milk Balance & Some Fishy Work" (article), 2931-2933

"Perry's Sample & Book Post Scale" (article), 3183-3188

Hutchinson's Scale Co, 2192British patentee, 2192

Hux, Elizabeth Icoin sc mkr, 208, 242, 1383, 1743dates, 1732

mother of Hux, Thomas II, 242, 1732succeeded by Hux, Thomas II & Hux, Elizabeth I, 1732successor of Hux, Thomas I, 1732widow of Hux, Thomas I, 242, 1732

Hux, Elizabeth IIdates, 1732successor of Hux, Thomas II, 1732, 1743widow of Hux, Thomas II, 1732wife of Lamb, Percivell, 1732

Hux, Thomas Icoin sc mkr, 242, 248dates, 1732father of Hux, Thomas II, 242husband of Hux, Elizabeth I, 242succeeded by Hux, Elizabeth I, 1732succeeded by Hux Elizabeth, I, 1732

Hux, Thomas IIcoin sc mkr, 208, 242, 248, 1383dates, 1732first husband of Lamb, Elizabeth, 1732husband of Hux, Elizabeth II, 1732master of Thompson, Daniel, 248, 1731partner of Hux, Elizabeth I, 1732son of Hux, Elizabeth I, 242son of Hux, Thomas I, 242succeeded by Hux, Elizabeth II, 1732succeeded by Lamb, Percivell, 1732

Hux, Thomas II & Elizabeth Icoin sc mkr, 208, 242, 248, 1383dates, 1732steelyard mkr, 208successors of Hux, Elizabeth I, 1732trade card, 208, 1383, 1397wt mkr, 208

Huyck,F C & Sons, advertising postal sc, 3026, 3029"Hyam Hyams Double Rocker"(article by Crawforth-

Hitchins), 3491-3493"Hyam Hyams Rockers made by John Bourn?"(article by

Foster), 3493-3498Hyams, Hyam

addresses of, 3491, 3493British scale maker, 3491-3498bullion dealer, 3492-3493double souvereign rockers, 3491-3493double sovereign rocker, morocco box of, 3491jeweller, 3493retailer, 3493souvereign rockers, made by Bourn, John, 3493-3498sovereign rockers, 3491-3498

Hyda, egg sc mkr see Standard Egg Scales; Vancouver Importing Co

Hyde,William AAmerican physicist, 3469American postal scale patentee, 3467-3472biography, 3469-3472

Hydralic scales, 2739-2746developement of, 2739

Hydraulic candlestick, patent, 1373, 2740-2741, 3100Hydraulic sc

for airplane weighing, 2745designs for postal, 255, 397, 426, 509-510, 678, 1231,

1373, 2740-2741, 3100

for displacement, 2745Eldon, 2744German, 2746German patent list, 2745patentee

Allen, W D, 2744Armand, P, 426Bache, C R, 2744Baudissin, 2741Briais, Narcissé, 1373Bursill, 2740-2741Clum, 2741Connor, 2742Davis, 2744Denison, 2744Deschamps, J, 509-510Duckham, 2742Emery, 2742Ericsson, 2739Hines, 2742Hudson, 2742King, 2742Lohnstein, 2744Lund, William, 2740Medhurst, George, 2739Miller, Samuel, 2739Murray, T S, 679O'Neill, 2741Osler, Abraham Follet, 2740Robinson, 2740Roff, Hoffman & Lukey, 2742Rowland, 2741Squire, S, 2741Susse, M V, 1373Wiss, Robert, 2739

registeredLund, W, 1231Lund W, 1231

sheep, 148UK Board of Trade Notices for, 2746UK design registration list, 2743UK patent list, 2743US patent list, 2744see also hydrostatic sc

Hydrometerassessment, 2003mkr

Dicas, Anne, 2014Dicas, John, 2003Dicas, Mary, 2003Dicas Patent Hydrometer Manufactory, 2014Gamage, Benjamin, 2004Leupold, 2735Sikes, Bartholomew, 2003

Hydrostatic sc, 2731-2735definition, 255designer

Brander, G F, 605Brander G F, 605Clais, J S, 270, 276, 573, 597, 606-607, 610, 1073,

1724Lambert, J H, 603-604

Mohr, 2733Walker, 1033, 2718, 2733Westphal, 2733

determines relative density, 2732determines specific gravity, 2732see also hydraulic sc

Hydrostatic weighing, 362, 563, 573, 575, 604, 1494-1495, 2545, 2731, 2731-2735

in corrosive atmosphere, 2545discovery (Archimedes), 2731

"Hydrostatic Weighing" (article by Buchanan), 2731-2735Hydrostatic weighing unit, 2214Hydrostatical sc, 256, 261, 268-269, 1033, 2363-2364

coin, 256, 261-262, 268, 270, 299-303, 1303, 1494-1495, 1684, 2731

definition, 255equal arm, 2732geologists, 1033mkr

Adams, George, 1304Anscheutz & Schlaff, 269, 597, 607, 1684Arstall, Widow & Son, 2012Becker, H L, 2729-2730, 2758Boyle, 2734Bradford, Darby & Hulls, 268, 1303Brander, G F, 573, 604-605Cass, J A, 576Culot, Gio, 2363-2364Ford, Richard, 1508Göttinger Präzisionswagen-Fabrik, 2734Gravesande, J s,' 576H L Becker Fils & Co, 2734Hahn, P M, 2732Jackson, James, 268, 1494-1496Martin, Benjamin, 269, 1304, 1718Mohr, 2733Nairne, Edward, 1724Proctor, Charles & Luke, 261, 268Ramsden, Jesse, 2734Troemner, Henry, 2734Westphal, K F O, 2733

moving load, 1033precision, 1724steelyard, 269-270use of, 2731

Hydrostatical wts see Weights, purposeHygiene, Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1200Hygrometer, 574Hynes, M see Blacklock, C W & Hynes, M

II B, mark on wts, 93I B I see Broad, JohnI crowned, 23, 985

C-spring mkr, 1875mark on wts, 23, 985

I D LAmerican sc mkr, 1261postal sc mkr, 1261

I G. V P, C-spring mkr, 1875I H, mark on wts, 462I K see Kirk, John

I K with 3 crowns see Kirch, JohannesI K with church see Kirch, JohannesI L

C-spring mkr, 1875V-spring mkr, 1875

I L T M, C-spring mkr, 1875I of E, mark on wts, 69I of E crowned mark, 1929

see also Isle of ElyI P, steelyard mkr, 1379I R see weights, monarch, James I; weights, monarch,

James III R M BRI, on coin wts, 1014I R M BRIT, on coin wts, 1014I R M BRITAN, on coin wts, 1014I R MA BRIT, on coin wts, 1014I R MAG BRIT, on coin wts, 1014I S, 1390

mark on pans, 1390see also Sommers, Joseph I

I S Wmark on wts, 725wt mkr, 752, 753

I T design, platform sc, 695I T mark on wts, 1844I*C see Crosby, JamesIACOBVS see weights, denomination, uniteIacubus see weights, monarch, James I; weights, monarch,

James IIIBM

American scale maker, 3317electronic computer of, 2216see also International Business Machines

Ice compartment in refrigerator, 2223Ice sc

mkrChatillon, John & Sons, 1595, 1597, 2220-2223Gifford Wood, Co., 2220-2222

spring, 1595, 1597, 2220-2223Ice scale, 2220-2223Ichirin take see steelyardII S IX D

on coin wts, 1014see also weights, denomination, quarter-angel

II S IX D ANGEL, on wts, 1355II S IX D IR M BRIT, on wts, 1355IIII S 4 D see weights, denomination, thistle crownIIII S 4 D1/2 see weights, denomination, thistle crownIliffe, William, master of Redhead, John, 1737Illfelder, Jos, postal sc retailer, 481, 484, 1253, 1361Illinois State Agriculture Society, 3456"Illustrated London News," 2244IM crowned mark, 2398Imhoff & Lang, C-spring mkr, 1875Imlay & Bicknell

ccd mkr, 764trade card, 764

Imperial, 1642Imperial see roberval sc, invertedImperial & Royal Standardisation Committee of Austria,

702Imperial Crown, mark on wts, 498

Imperial Scale see inverted robervalImperial Standards, 616, 2243, 3509

Canada dates, 2264see also Acts of Parliament, 1824; Standard

Imperial System 1824, 3148Imperial weighing machine mkr, Day & Millward, 1442Imperial wg/m, Day & Millward, 1442Imperialised metric system, 1107-1112Imperium, béranger sc, 1647"Important Dearborn/Plympton Balance"(article by Katz &

Pugsley), 3037-3039Importer, weights, 1488-1493"In Fair All's Love & War" (article by Knights), 1533-1534IN HOC SIGNO VINCES 1747, 1065"In Search of Michigan Scale Makers" (letter from Moss &

Schmidt), 3034Inch weights, definition, 1017Inclination bal

article, 571-578, 601-609see also Pendulum sc

Inclined weighing, 861, 1995-1997superseded, 1996, 2021

Incuse wts see weight, shapeIndenture, 3508, 3512

Beach, Thomas, 1501for inspector, 181for wts, 184

Index, definition, 256Indexing, 145-148, 1753India

equipment tested, 2077Letters to, 236weighing in, 2406weights

denominationchittack, 2406maund, 2406rupees, 2406seer, 2406

material, iron, 2406weights denomination, tola, 2406

Indiancivilization, 2147scale, 2309-2310weight, 2149

Indian Massacre of 1622, 3218Indian Massacre1619, 3217Indian Ocean, 2311

bismar, 1244gold sc, 249, 281, 625-626

"Indian Weights" (article by Boogaard), 2323-2325Indian wts, ruttee see weights, denomination, ruttee"Indication of Instability" (article by Knights), 1644-1648,

2486Indicator

definition, 256hydrostatic, 255for scales, patent, 2227-2228

Indoor balinspectors, 116-117, 2337-2339knives on, 2337-2339pedal on, 2339

relieving gear on, 2339sensitivity of, 2337-2339

"Indoor Beams" (article), 2337-2889Industrial sc, Tacho, 959Infalible, Spanish ccd, 307Infallible Coin Scale Co, 2409

advertisement, 2409ccd

round weight for, 2410warranted by Gilfillan, 2409warranted by James, 2409

ccd mkr, 762, 2409trade card, 762, 964, 2410

Infant weighing machines see Person scIngenuity and perseverance, man's, 2216Ink well, 1262, 1676, 1683inlaid stone, on postal scale base, 3302Innocent XI, pope, 1603"Inspecting and Collecting" (article by Knights), 2882-2883Inspection of sc, 22, 92, 162, 713-716, 851-855, 1091Inspection of wts

French, 600, 721Goldsmiths' Co, 968Maryland, 1136New Plymouth, 1136Virginia, 1136Wardmote Inquest (1808), 729, 1088

"Inspector Looks Back" (article by Holdaway), 711-716Inspectors

bringing court cases, 1088compulsory to appoint, 1924dealing with fraud, 1591-1597equipment, 115-120, 1139, 2267, 2448examination, 1980-1981, 2077fees, 1079indoor bal, 116-117, 1397, 1791, 2337-2339outdoor beam, 91, 117, 2338pocket bal, 117, 794Vade Mecum, 47W & M, 8, 20, 37, 43, 92, 1004-1007, 1088work, 137, 410, 1035, 1158see also Sealer

Inspector's mark, falsification of, 3160Inspectors nationality

American, 1136, 3223Arabic, 162British, 43, 1035, 1158French, 600, 721Irish, 20Japanese, 319

Inspectors of weights, 43, 90, 731, 1036"Inspectors' Outdoor Beam Kit, 1910" (article), 2265-2266Inspectors sc

designer, Kater, Henry, 2243-2252mkr

Avery, W & T, 115, 794, 2265-2267Avery, W & T Ltd, 115-120, 794, 2265-2266Bate, Robert Brettell, 1791, 2081, 2243-2252Beach, Thomas, 1508, 1553, 1575Cheshire, Thomas, 91, 1586, 2338Day & Millward, 1791DeGrave, Short, & Co., 2265-2267, 2337-2338

DeGrave, Short, & Fanner, 2263Oertling, 2260-2265Sommers & Son, 1397Swithin, John, 1733Vincent, R & I, 1733Watson, Robert, 1586, 1714

Inspectors W & M Handbook (1912), 1090Inspector's weights, 2448Inspectors wt mkr, Garc, ita, 2448"Instructions to Make Coin Weights" (article), 2778Integrity, 1431Interlever, definition, 256International Bureau of Weights & Measures, 2174International Business Machines, 2206, 3249, 3251

see also IBMInternational Exhibition of Scientific Instruments London

(1876), 643International Prototype Meter, 2175International Scale Co., 2206International Scale Co, 3251International Time Recording Co., 2206"Introduction to Coin Weights" (article by Mallis), 1602-

1608Inventaire des Poids (review), 1386-1387"Inventing the Moneyweight Scale" (article by Smith),

2232-2238Inventory of Wts, CNAM catalogue, 1386-1387Inverness Mansion, home of Buckelew, John D, 3114Inverted roberval sc, 129-136, 256-257, 355, 418-419, 697,

731, 1073, 1193, 1197, 1442, 1451, 1642, 2468-2469, 2600-2601

dates, 132, 1073definition, 256, 257marble pillars, 1453sack, 1460

Inverted roberval sc mkrAvery, 2469Bourne & Smith, 136Brecknell, 2469Carnegie & Layton, 2469Day & Millward, 2469Herbert & Sons, 1723, 2469Rogers, 2469

Inverted swan neck enddefinition, 172, 256see also beam end shapes

IONNES V D G PORT ET ALG REX, on coin wts, 1065IONNES V PORT REX, on coin wts, 1065IOSEPHUS I D G PORT REX, on coin wts, 1065IR MAG BRIT, on wts, 1355I.R.BRI see James IIrish City Standards, 3509-3512"Irish City Standards, a Conundrum"(article by Crawforth),

3508-3512Irish coin sc, steelyard (wrongly identified as Irish), 1833Irish sc mkr

Archdall, Henry, 1756Archdall, William, 1756, 1758, 1823Bradford, Samuel, 1758Clarke, J & I, 1759Clayton, Dr Frederick, 1170-1171, 1759Craig, Michael, 1760

Crosby, Daniel, 1749-1750, 1761, 1831Crosby, Daniel I, 1750, 1762-1765, 1831Crosby, Daniel II, 1750, 1760Crosby, James, 1764-1765, 1831D C see Crosby, DanielDavis, Johnstone, 1768G H, 1800Gatchell, Lamprey & Rendell Ltd, 1768Gatchell, Robert G & Sons, 1768Gatchell, Samuel, 1768-1769, 3509-3512Gatchell, Samuel & Sons, 1777, 1798-1800Grubb, Thomas, 1800H J, 1802Hand, Ephraim, 1783, 1801Hanson, 1710, 1802Harrison, Charles, 1802Jackson, Henry, 1768, 1802-1804Jeffers, Robert, 1823Lort, John, 1823Maguire & Gatchell, 1823Maguire & Gatchell, Ltd, 1823Maiben, Joseph M & Co, 1821Moore, Lewis, 1827Newman, J, 1519-1520, 1828Pickering, 1830Pickering, David, 1764-1765, 1830-1831Pickering, James I, 1832Pickering, James II, 1831Pickering, William, 1755, 1841S D, 1104, 1767S S, 1841Simpson, W R, 1842Smallman, J L, 1842Spear, Richard, 1843T H, 1800Yeates, George & Son, 1844Yeates & Son, 1754, 1822, 1844-1845

Irish sc repairer, Newman, J, 1828Irish sc retailer

Austin, 1758Avery, W & T Ltd, 1759Browne, 1759Clayton, F & J, 1760Clayton, F & Sons, 1760Lee, 1823Maiben, Joseph M & Co, 1826Mansfield, W, 1826, 3291-3292Mason, Thomas, 1826Neill, Bros, 1827Neill, Robert, 1827Newman, J, 1519, 1828-1829Parker, William, 1829Robinson, James, 1841Robinson, James & Sons, 1841Spencer, J & Son, 1843

"Irish Scalemakers/Retailers" (article by Crawforth D), 1755-1773, 1777, 1798-1804, 1823-1832, 1841-1846, 3512

"Irish Steelyard" (response by Newman), 1878Irish style, 1750Irish wts, 1008Irish wts mkr

Archdall, Henry, 462, 465, 1103-1104, 1755-1756Archdall, William, 1103, 1757Barrington, John, 1758Cormick, Michael, 1760Crosby, Daniel, 1749-1750, 1762Crosby, Daniel I, 1762Crosby, Daniel II, 1760, 1830Crosby James, 1764Cuthbert & Paris, 1765-1767Gatchell, S & Sons, 501-502Gatchell, Samuel & Sons, 499, 502, 1755I T, 1844J P, 1829Kidder, Vincent, 1756-1757, 1767, 1823Locker, John, 1824Lord, Richard, 1825Moore, William, 1827Pickering, 1830Pickering, David, 1762Smart, Richard, 1842Spear, Richard, 1843T P, 1829Warren, James, 501-502, 1844

Irish wts retailer, Spencer, John, 1843Iron Age, 2719Iron cleaning, 1239, 1265iron roberval postal, 3183-3188"Iron Weights in Britain" (article by Crawforth), 581-588,

611-619, 633-639Iron wts

stamping, 21, 92, 581, 614-616see also weights, material

Ironmongers, adjusting wts, 888-889"Is this Damping?" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 2192ISASC Convention 2005, 3110, 3113ISASC membership list, 2096ISASC's 25th Anniversary, 2618Isidore (author), 1997Islamic, weights, 2149Isle of Ely, I of E crowned mark, 1929Islington, 1960"It Pays to Advertise"(article by Knights), 3311-3314Italian coin sc

Turin, 2356chamfered corners, 2356serpentine front, 2356

"Italian Coin-scale" (article by Zavattoni), 1420-1422"Italian Diamond Scale" (article), 2622Italian sc

bismar, 765coin, 1101, 1420-1422diamond, 1101turn-over steelyard, 1774-1776

Italian sc mkrCrotti Co, 2027Damiani, Antonio, 1101Societa Cooperativa Bilanciai della Campogalliano,

2027"Italian Trade Weights" (article), 2361Italian wts

nesting, 1166systems, 1990, 1995, 2019, 2021

Ivory beams see do'tchinIwata's

"Ancient Peruvian Standards & Scales" (article), 2903-2913

"Japanese sc & wts" (article), 319-326Izons & Co

dates, 638wts, 638

JJ & J W see Whitehouse, Jabez & JohnJ B B, wt mkr, 829, 833J B crowned, C-spring mkr, 1875J B crowned mark, 1972J B G, V-spring mkr, 1875J G, 1, 421

postal sc, 481J G I, chick pea sc mkr, 421J H, wts mkr, 810"J H Becker, a Response" (article by Holtman), 2183J H S, Heath, John, 199J L B

wt mkr, 85, 829, 834, 987wts mkr, 2056

J L B ONE OUNZES, on wts, 2056J M see Maul, JakobJ M A Z, postal sc mkr see Maul, JacobJ M R, C-spring mkr, 1875J P

coin wts mkr, 1829see also Justice of the Peace

J W, on coin wts see Warren, JamesJ W J, on coin wts see Warren, JamesJ*P on wts, Pickering, James II, 1831Jaccard see Mermod, Jaccard & CoJaCeM

egg sc retailer, 924smallholders sc retailers, 1726

Jackson, Andrew, US President, 2540Jackson, Anne

coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1739successor of Jackson, John, 1739widow of Jackson, John, 242

Jackson, C see Pearce, L H & Jackson, CJackson, E, bread, sc mkr, 1089Jackson, E & Co

dates, 1444pot plate, 1443trade sc mkr, 1444

Jackson, Frederick & Co Ltdprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Jackson, Henrycoin sc mkr, 1802, 1804dates, 1802H:J stamp, 1804succeeded by Gatchell, Samuel, 1768trade card, 1803-1804

Jackson, Jamesarticle by Crawforth, D, 1494-1496

assay master of Birmingham, 1475, 1508coin sc mkr, 268, 1494-1496, 1508coin wts mkr, 1062dates, 1494, 1508hydrostatical sc mkr, 268, 1494-1496succeeded by Jackson, James & Evans, 1496trade card, 1495

Jackson, James & Evanssuccessors of Jackson, James, 1496toy-shop, 1496

Jackson, Johnapprentice of Smelt, Samuel, 1739coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1739father of Jackson, Thomas, 242husband of Jackson, Anne, 242master of Pixley, Thomas, 1739succeeded by Jackson, Anne, 1739

Jackson, Richardapprentice of Gowers, Weston, 1731dates, 1731

Jackson, Williamdate, 1725weighing machine mkr, 1725

Jackson, Wm see Matthews, JohnJackson,Thomas Morierty, 3455-3456

biography, 3455-3456Chicago Scale Co treasurer & manager, 3455-3456

Jacob's"John Wyatt & the weighing of Heavy Loads"

(unpublished manuscript 1885), 728John Wyatt Master Carpenter & Inventor (1885

manuscript), 728Jacobus see James I; James II; weights, denomination,

jacobus; weights, monarch, James I; weights, monarch, James II

Jaeger waage, 1863see also mancur

Jaenichen, Louis, 3252assignee to Standard Computing Scale Co, 3244, 3252Michigan patentee, 3244, 3252

Jag'd-waage see jaeger waageJamaican Standards, 392James, Bill, biography, 2798James, John & Co

crane weigher mkr, 1730dates, 1730succeeded by Hart, David, 1730, 1734

James, W HBritish

patentee, 2300specific gravity sc, 2304

spring balbent lever, 2300description of, 2301-2302dial, 2300rack & pinion, 2301steel straps, 2301-2302

spring bal mkr, 2300James, William Henry, 2300James' "How Afghanistan Forged A Scale Collector"

(article), 2795-2798

James Icoinage, 461, 985square wts only, 1011wts see weights, monarch, James I

James II, coinage, 461, 914"James Jackson Jeweller's Initiative?" (article by

Crawforth, D), 1494-1496James Mfg Co

egg sc mkr, 376, 378-379, 381, 415, 417, 919, 1281trading as Reliable Mfg, 375, 380, 415, 417, 3308

Jamestown, history of, 3211-3213"Jamestown at 400: Old World Coinweights in the New

World" (article by Batz), 3211-3220Jamestowne, Historic, 3212"Jan Van Coppenol, Emigrant to America" (article by

Batz), 3220-3229Jansz, van Keulen, Adriaen, coin sc mkr, 2516January 1870 circular, Central Office of the Dutch Post,

3267Japanese

copper-workers sc, 324do'tchin, 55-60, 224, 926money-changers sc, 224, 324post office sc, 107sc mkr

Jin, 319-326Nakabori, 319-326Shuzui, 319-326

wt mkr, Goto, 326"Japanese Scale & Weights" (article by Iwata), 319-326Japanned, definition, 256Jarres, R, C-spring mkr, 1875Jaspar & Taurines, crane weigher mkr, 1906Jastrow, Joseph, 3147-3148

scientist, 3147-3148Jawhawk sc mkr, 3176-3177Jeffers, Robert

dates, 1823Irish sc mkr, 1823

Jefferson, Thomas, 2535advocater of decimal currency system, 2535master of O'Briant, Benjamin, 1734US President, 2536-2537

coin scales of, 2536-2537Jenemann (author), 610, 1613, 1864, 2239Jenemann, Hans, 2545Jenemann, Hans R, 2239

analytical chemist, 2239Jenemann's

Die Waage des Chemikers (review), 189"Early History of Inclination bal" (article), 571-578,

602-609"Precision Bal" (article), 493-494, 563-564, 589-590,

620, 642-643, 664-665, 700-702, 718-720, 750-752, 790-792, 843-844, 872-873

"Projection Indicators" (article), 836-837Roberval, letter, 445"Substitution Weighing" (article), 873-874

Jenkinson, Charles, Earl of Liverpool, 496Jenks, Edmund

coin sc mkr, 207dates, 1735, 1737-1738

master of Evitt, John, 1738master of Redhead, John, 1737master of Thompson, John I, 1735succeeded by Jenks, Mrs, 1735

Jenks, Edmund, coin sc mkr, 207Jenks, Mrs

succeeded by Neale, John, 1735successor of Jenks, Edmund, 1735

Jennfeldt, W, spring bal patentee, 1630-1631Jennings, Edward & Erwin, bow-front mkrs, 2558Jennings, Silas I

apprentice of Roberts, Timothy, 243, 1731coin sc mkr, 243dates, 1731master of Jennings, Silas II, 1731

Jennings, Silas IIapprentice of Jennings, Silas I, 1731dates, 1731

Jevons (author), 1129Jevons, W S, economist, 1128Jewel, Tower, Board of Trade building, 2076-2083Jewell, Veteran Scales & Weights (1979) (review), 139,

189Jewell (author), 591Jewellers bal

cased, 154-155hand-held, 1457mkr

Fairbanks & Co, 107Hunt & Seaton, 1730Mordan, Sampson, 2987-2989W & T Avery Ltd, 1457

spring, 554Jewellers wts see weights, denomination, TroyJibben, Robert, biography, 2299Jibben's

"Acme Egg Grading Scales" (article), 3330-3334"American Grain Testing Scales" (article), 2895-2899"Jiffy-Way Egg Scale" (article), 2295-2299

JiCVMAGZbrand, 28mark, definition, 28

Jiffy-Way egg scale, 3315advertising DeKalb Feeds, 3315advertising Farm Master, 3315advertising Montgomery Ward, 3315advertising Sears & Roebuck, 3315

"Jiffy-Way Egg Scale" (article by Jibben), 2295-2299Jiffy Way Inc

American sc mkr, 379, 1314, 2296egg sc

advertising for, 2297candler, 2295-2298

purpose of, 2297colors of, 2297distributors for, 2297platers for, 2297poises on, 2296-2297successors to, 2297-2298

egg sc mkr, 378-379, 1314for Brower, 2297C H Hansen, President, 2296

dates, 2297-2299for James Way, 2297for Montgomery Ward, 2297for Purina, 2297for Sears, 2297-2298for Vala, 2297

Jinsteelyard mkrs, 321see also Zenshiro

Jin-bakari, 325Jockey sc, 60, 2803

definition, 257Jockey sc mkr, Avery, 60, 2803Jockey wts see weights, purpose, rider"Joel F Keeler: Revisited" (article by Keeler), 3344"Joel F. Keeler, Epitome of US Industry" (article by

Peterson et al), 2703-2709Joey see weights, denomination, Portuguese piece"Johann Langenberg Coin Scale" (article by Mönnig),

2866-2867corrections by Batz, 2942-2944

Johannes, coin circulated, 915Johannes wts, definition, 40, 1061Johannis wts see weights, denomination, Portuguese piece"John Gardner's Coin-Scale" (article by Bryden), 1303-

1311"John H Nolan Scales"(article by Berning), 3165-3171John I of Portugal, coin wts, 883"John P. Gruber & Competitors" (article by Mahoney),

2551-2553"John White & Son Postal Balance" (article by Denford),

3342-3344Johns Hopkins University, 3147-3148Johnson

assay master, 1471wts, 638

Johnson, Clapham & Morris Ltd, egg sc, 416-417Johnson, Dr, 2438Johnson, Sherman, 3162-3164

C W Novelty Co, 3163-3164dates, 3163-3164jeweler, 3163watchmaker, 3163

Johnston, Thomas, engraver, 2474Joiners' Co


Joksch, R, patentee, 678Jolly, C C Inc

succeeded by Kuhl, 2296-2298successor to Zimmer, 2296-2298

Jones, Andrew, Dr, 2109Jones, Edward I

apprentice of Anderson, James Andrew, 1738dates, 1738

Jones, Edward II, date, 1508Jones, Joseph, dates, 1723Jones, Nathaniel

master of Spratt, R S, 1747master of Spratt R S, 1747

Jones, Robertapprentice of Wilford, David I, 1734

dates, 1734Jones, Samuel P, witness for Harris, Sandy, 3115Jones, Thomas I

precision bal mkr, 1724scientific instrument mkr, 1724

Jones, Thomas IIapprentice of Sawgood, John, 1735dates, 1724

Jones, Thomas P, patent attny for Fairbanks, 2349Jones, William & Samuel


Jones & Preston, American sc mkr, 508Jones of Binghamton

American sc mkr, 1078, 2350-2351, 2688counter sc mkr, 1078Old Advert, 562person sc mkr, 562platform sc mkr, 2350-2351steelyard mkr, 1078, 2688

Jordan, John, 2466"Joseph Richardson Importer" (article by Newman), 1488-

1493Journal, useful

100 Years Ago in Susquehanna County Oct 24, 2007 by Susquehanna Independant Weekend, 3431

Acta Helvetica 3 1758, Theoria staterarum ex principiis mechanices by Lambert, 610

Alchemist 1952, History of Troy & Apoth wts by Skinner, 808

American Antiquarian Soc 1857, Diaries of John Hull Mintmaster & Treasurer of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 749

American Journal of Cardiology 1960, Medical Use of Scales by Kisch, 808

American Journal of Pharmacy Jan. 1959, Early U.S. Pharmaceutical Catalogues by Griffenhagen & Romaine, 2187

American Magazine, Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, July-Dec1886Weighing Machinery, 3460

American Numismatic Society Notes 1968, Five Hellenistic wts by Lang, 310

American Numismatic Society Notes 1986, Islamic Bronze Wts from Caesarea Maritima by Holland, 1339

American Philatelist November 2004, Postal Scales for Collectors, 3024-3030

Annals of Science vol.42 1985, Evidence from Trade Cards for the Scientific Inst Trade by Crawforth, 2541

Annals of Science vol.44 1987, Instrument Makers in London Guilds by Crawforth, 1070

Antiquaries Journal 1975, A tumbrel at the Ashmolean Museum by Mayhew, 1613

Antiquaries Journal 1985, Coin Balances in the Ashmolean Museum by MacGregor, 1613

Antique Collecting 1977, Collecting Letter & Parcel Scales by Stein, 408

Antique Collecting 1981, Candlesticks by Brass, 408Antique Collecting n.d., Domestic Medicine Chests by

Young, 808

Antique Dealer & Collectors' Guide 1977, Sampson Mordan & Co by Bannister, 950

Antique Finder 1977, Collecting Letter & Parcel Scales by Stein, 580

Antique Metalware Society Journal 1995, North-Country Bushel Measures & their Use, 2927

Antique Trader 2000, 2511Archaelogical Journal 1982, Tumbrel or coin-balance

by Margeson, 1613Archaologisches Korrespondenzblatt 1977,

Zusammenklappbare Waagen des hohen Mittelalters by Steuer, 1613

Archeonumis1974 catalogue des deneraux by Lavagne, 18791976 catalogue des deneraux by Lavagne, 1796

Architectural Digest 1982, Historic Houses, George Bernard Shaw by Lambert, 182, 2163

Archiv der Physikalisch-TechnischenBundesanstalt, vol 1, 2273, 2279

Archiv für Deutsche Postgeschichte, 1986, Die Geschichte der Briefwaage, 3281

Aschaffenburger Jahrbuch 1972, Schnellwaage aus Kaufurstlich Mainzischeim Besitz by Schneider, 435

ASTM Special Techanical Publication # 241, Some Historical Developments in Paper Testing by Willets & Marchetti, 3079

Athenian Agora 1964, Wts Measures & Tokens by Lang & Crosby, 310, 1339

Auguster Museumshefte 1983, Romische Waagen und Gewichte aus Augst und Kaiseraugst by Mutz, 1853

Aula 1970, De Nederlandse Munten by Gelder, 1897, 1901

Aviation Age late 1960s, 2504Bankers Magazine 1851, Cotton's sorting machine by

anon, 114Banking Almanac 1886, 3002Banking Almanac 1890, 3002Bath Journal Mar 28, 1831, 2419Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Minn 1876, 2276, 2279Bayerisches Industrie und Gewerbeblatt 1876, 2276,

2279Belleten (Bulletin of Turkish Historical Soc) 1977,

Ottoman Okka Wts by Pyle, 1025Bernard Shaw Collected Letters, 1911-1925, by

Lawrence in Time Magazine, July 5, 1985, 2163

Blatter für Wurttembergische Kirchengeschichte 1980/81, Philipp Matthaus Hahn by Jenenmann, 610

Board of Trade Notices 1905, 808Board of Trade Report 1882, districts using old marks

by ?, 24British Archaelogical reports 1977, Organisation &

Work of the Scottish Mint 1358-1603 by Murray, 2072

British Numismatic Journal 1909-10, Coin Weights by Lawrence, 498, 881, 1607, 1796, 1846

British Numismatic Journal 1920-23, Notes on a collection of money-scales & other coin-weighing appliances by Sheppard & Musham,

1794, 1796British Numismatic Journal 1925-6, Notes on

Collection of Money-sc by Crowther-Benyon, 1796

British Numismatic Journal 1931-33, Notes on some unusual money weights by Crowther-Benyon, 986, 1796

British Numismatic Journal 1934-7, A Fourteenth century coin-weight by Allen, 1562, 1796

British Numismatic Journal 1982, Computational Fractions of the Grain: Mites Droits Periods & Blanks by Grierson, 2072

British Numismatic Journal 1990, Coin-wts in England..up to 1588 by Biggs, 1796

Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de Paris 1891, Collot's projection by Collot, 836

Bulletin of School of Oriental & African Studies 1953, Extracts from Technical Manuel of Ayyubid Mint in Cairo; Manuscript of Ibn Ba'ra by Ehrenkreutz, 816

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 1959, Shekel Sign on Stone wts by Scott, 310

Burlington Magazine 1912, Notes on Pictures in the Royal Collections XXIII by Cust, 749

Burma Research Soc Records Rangoon, "various articles," 352

Camden Society (1846), Liber de Antiquis Legibus by Stapleton, 1998, 2024

Camden Society Miscellany 1929, Select Tracts & Table Books relating to English W & M, 1997, 2023

Centralblatt F. Elektrotechnik (1886), 2276, 2279Centralblatt für das Deutsche Reich 1877, 2290, 2292Coin Monthly January 1979, Tom Parker's Pennies by

Hill, 3507Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis

Petropolitanae 1738, Disquisitio de bilancibus by Euler, 610

Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 1875, Mendeleev, Prof D I by anon, 643, 836

Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 1891, Collot's optical projection by ?, 836

Cornell Countryman January 1922, 3487Country Life May 11, 1951, Letter from S H Bourne,

2419Country Life Sept 1974, A Canal -Age Relic on View

by Wright, 2419Courier Journal January 17, 1924, 3246Das Fenster 1966, Die Münzwaage in der Geschichte

de Geldes by Kroha, 1613De Opmerker August 9, 1884, Weekblad voor

archtecten by ?, 3287, 3290Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1871, 1955, 2272, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1873, 2273, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1876, 1955Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1878, 2274, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1879, 1955Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1880, 2274, 2279, 2290,

2292Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1882, 2274, 2279

Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1883, 2275, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1884, 2275, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1889, 2275, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1902, 2275, 2279Deutscher Reichsanzeiger 1923, 2275, 2279Devon & Cornwall Notes & Queries, Marks on Old

Wts by Dent, 24Druggists' Circular & Chemical Gazette (vol 11, Oct

1867), 3117Dye's Banknote Plate Delineator (1855), Fairbanks

advert, 992Eagle 1936, Weighing money in the Olden Days by

Turner, 1796Electronics Weekly (1979), Sheepstone Bridge by ?,

148Electrotechnische Zeitschrift (1883-1884 & 1886-

1889), 2276, 2279Engineering, An Illustrated Weekly Journal (1887),

2276, 2279Equilibrium (1978-present), 2618, 3133, 3138, 3200Etymologiarum sive originum libri 1911, Bishop of

Seville by Isidore, 1997Everybody's Poultry Magazine (May 1935), 3257Everybody's Poultry Magazine April 1928, 3334Farm Poultry Tribune August 1933, 3334Freebetter's New England Almanack 1776, 3227Fremdenmelderegister 1892, 2275, 2279Gazeta Numiamatica 135 IV-99 Dec 1999, 3220Gazette de France 1765, Hanin's dial-faced spring bal

by ?, 1865Gentleman's Magazine 1748, Eayre's weighing-

machine by anon, 660Gentleman's Magazine 1774, Remarks on the late

Proclamation concerning Gold Coin by anon, 1083

Gewerbepolizei Spezialakten VIII 1888, 2277, 2279Government Counterfeit Detector 1877, Dye's advert,

874Government Counterfeit Detector 1879, Troemner

advert, 1020Hampshire Chronicle 1989, Major New Finds that

rewrite the story of Winchester by ?, 1569Hampshire Quarter Sessions Records 1835, Petty

Sessional Divisions reorganised by anon, 1930Handbook for Sealers 1910, Advice to W & M

Inspectors by Gurley, 2223, 2965Handbook of Manchester Chamber of Commerce 1913,

Notes on Samples & Testing by anon, 1175Handelsregister B (15013), 2277, 2279Hanovershen Magazin 1765, Bondeli's weighbridge

by ?, 721Harper's Weekly 1882, US Assay Office at New York

by anon, 531-534Harper's Weekly 1887, Redeeming Trade Dollars by

anon, 648-649Hatchery & Feed Merchandising Directory, 3258Hertfordshire County Records 1844, Police Committee

recommending the its officers be used as W & M inspectors by anon, 1961

Illustrated London News 1878, weighing calico, 1124Incorporated Society of Inspectors of W & M, Monthly

Review Nov 1929, 2419

Indian Antiquary, "articles," 352Inspector's Handbook 1911, systems for wts marks by

anon, 2032Inspector's Handbook 1939, tolerances for apothecary

wts by anon, 894Inspectors' Vade Mecum 1910, numbers allocated to

districts for wts stamping by anon, 24, 47International Numismatica Orientalia, "articles," 352Jaarboek voor Munt- & Penningkunde 1953, Over

Munt-Gewichten en -Balensen by Borsumm-Buisman, 1879, 1901

Jaarboek voor Munt- & Penningkunde 1975, Over het wegen van munten by Houben, 1901

Journal, useful, Trans of Swindon Engineering Soc 1926, History of Evolution of Wg Mechanisms by Benton, 134

Journal Asiatique Jan 1873, Napoleon established mass of Egyptian dirhem by ?, 1025

Journal de la Société Américanistes 1921, Emploi de la Balance Romaine by Iwata, 2912

Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association 1956, Tools of the Apothecary by Griffenhagen, 808

Journal of Institute of Archaeology 1991, Inscribed Wts of the Kingdom of Judah, 2510

Journal of Royal Statistical Soc 1868, On the Condition of Metallic Currency of UK by Jevons, 1129

Journal of the British Weights and Measures Association, July 1908, 3507

Journal of the Chemical Society 1853, 2119Journal of the Chemical Society 1893Transactions,

Obituary, 2120Journal of the Siam Society, "articles," 352Journal of Turkish Studies 1978, Anatolian Ring Wts

by Pyle, 1025Journal of Writing Equipment Society 1980, S Mordan

& Co by Cooper, 950Journal of Writing Equipment Society n.d., S Mordan

& Co by Green, 950Journal Royal Agricultural Soc of England 1937, first

egg poise by ?, 413La Nature 1887, Restoff's patent by anon, 1361La Nature 1901, 3194-3195La Papeterie 1961, Essai Physico-Mechaniques des

Papiers, 3273La Papeterie 1962, Essai Physico-Mechaniques des

Papiers, 3273Le Système Mètrique, 2441, 2484Le Système Mètrique 1985, C-spring bals by Pommier,

1876Le Système Mètrique 1986, Hanin mancurs by

Pommier, 1867Le Système Mètrique 1992, C-spring bals by Pommier,

1876Le Système Mètrique 1993

LeBoucher's spring bal by Crawforth, D, 1876Sessler's mancur by Jenemann, 1864

Lexikon 1898, Brockhaus Konversations by anon, 278Libra, "occasional notes," 1959Libra vol 1

Old English Lead Wts by Stevenson, 636WR verification Marks by Homer, 24

Libra vol 4, Money Wts by Turner, 498

Libra vol 5 & 6, The Office of Stamper of Money-Weights by Dyer, 498, 1083, 1796

Libra vol 5-7, Assize of Bread by Stevenson, 1019, 1569

Libra vol 7, Guinea Wts by Stocks R, 1796Libra vol 9, Nineteenth Century sovereign wts by

Stocks R, 1129, 1796Lippincott Magazine 1889, advertisement, 3456Mass und Gewicht 1988, Die Geschichte der

"patentiren Reitze'schen Münzprufer" by Lindner, 1955

Mass und Gewicht 1993, Baierisch Gemessen Gewogen und Geeicht by Schendler, 1871

Mass und Gewicht 1994, Koch's Paquet & Brief-Waage by Schmitz, 1923

Mass und Gewicht Dec 2008, article by Biber, 3454Mass und Gewicht Sept 2008, article by Biber, 3463Mechanics Magazine 1835, lever with spring bal by

Coathupe, 1876Mechanics Magazine 1840, Dampier's Geometric

Balance by Dampier, 398Mechanics Magazine 1847, several platform scales

linked together, 2211Mechanics Magazine after 1849, coins as wts by anon,

988Medical History 1969, Drug Weighing in Britain 1700-

1900 by Crellin & Scott, 87, 800, 808, 830, 3438

Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 1884, On Small Differences of Sensation by Peirce & Jastrow, 3148

Meten & Wegen , Becker articles, 2183Meten & Wegen 1979, De Knipwaage by Houben,

1897, 1901Meten & Wegen 1982, Kitsch weegschalen by

Boogaard, 3281Meten & Wegen 1991, Bizondere aanwinsten voor de

Oudheidskamer by Bot, 1899Meten & Wegen 1997, Brievenwegers uit Engeland by

Kok, 3281Meten & Wegen 2004, Brievenwegers naar Hall's

patent by Kok, 3281Meten & Wegen Dec. 1996, Jan Willemsz van

Coppenol by Houben, 3228Meten & Wegen March 2001, Brievenwegers van

Berend Holsboer by Kok, 3290Meten & Wegen March 2006, 3290Meten & Wegen September 2004, Opruiming van

Brievenwegers in het Postmuseum by Kok, 3290

Michigan History July-Aug. 2005, "Northern Passage at the Soo" by Shaul, 3240

Mineralogical Record July-Aug 1994, The History & Apparatus of Blowpipe Analysis, 2627

Mitteilungen aus dem Germanischen Nationalmuseum 1918-19, Merkzeichen der Nürnberger Rotschmeide by Stengel, 1901

Monthly Review, "occasional notes," 24, 855, 1090, 1959

Monthly Review 1909, manorial rights by anon, 2036Monthly Review 1931, Bradford marks by Speight,

1961

Monthly Review 1961Standards of Scotland by Burrell, 1997The Bushelmaster, 3436

Monthly Review 1965, Cart Weighing Steelyards by anon, 728

National Asso of Watch & Clock Collectors"E Howard-The Man & The Co" (Oct 1962), 2375"The Watches of E Howard & Co" (Oct 1994),

2375National Geographic, Ads for E & T Fairbanks, 3064Northern Studies 1992, Scots Trone Weight:

Preliminary Observations on the origins of Scotland's Early Market Weights by Simpson, 2072

Numismatic Circular 1920-23, Money Sc & Wts by Sheppard & Musham, 1796

Numismatic Notes & Monographs (no 111), Arabic glass wts by ?, 162

Numismatist 1974, CCD devices of the US by Mallis, 87

Numismatist 1976, Notes on English Coin Wts by Mallis, 986, 1607, 1796

Numismatist 1978Coin wts for Foreign Coins that were Current in

Ireland by Mallis, 1607, 1796, 1846English Coin wts for Portugese Coins Current in

England by Mallis, 1066, 1607, 1796Numismatist n.d.

American Patent CCDs by Mallis, 786-787Old Tenor by Mallis, 356-360

Observations sur la Physique 1773Description d'une nouvelle balance by Magalhaens,

610Reponse sur la nouvelle balance by Brequin, 610

Opinia, Polish Consumer Journal 1969, mancurs by ?, 435

Overland Monthly 1888, advertisement, 3456Paper-Maker & British Paper Trade Journal, The 1902,

Improvements in Weighing Machines, 3273Paper-Maker & British Paper Trade Journal, The 1913,

A Drying Oven for Testing Wood Pulp & Paper, 3273

Paper-Maker & British Paper Trade Journal, The 1926-1927, Avery Adverts, 3273

Paper-Maker & British Paper Trade Journal, The 1932, New Special Scales for Control of Substance in Paper Making, 3273

Paper Trade Journal 1922, Paper Testing Methods, 3273

Paper Trade Journal 1941, 3273Paper Trade Review 1891, The Determination of the

Ash, 3273Parliamentary Papers 1835, A Return of all Inspectors

of W & M, 1930Parliamentary Papers 1870, Fourth Report, 1961Parliamentary Papers 1882, Report from Warden of

Standards, 1983Parliamentary Papers 1887, Report from Warden of

Standards, 1983Parliamentary Papers 1893, Municipal Boroughs, 1983Penn Magazine of History & Biography, 3222, 3228,

3229

1884"History of Upper Germantown Burying-Ground" by Keyser, 3229

1884"The Settlement of Germantown in PA." by Pennypacker, 3229

1885"Inscriptions in the Upper Germantown Burying-Ground" by Keyser, 3229

1905, 1907"Household Account Book, 1793-1797" by Washington, 2536, 2540

1917"Life & Services of Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker" by Carson, 3229

Pennypacker Express, 3228Petite Propos Culinaire 1984, Weighing in the Kitchen

by Crawforth, 767-775Pharmaceutical Journal 1859-60, Observations on

Proposed Adjustment of W & M by Wilson, 808

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Philosophical Trans of Royal Soc 1683-84, Account of increase of Wt in oyl of vitriol exposed to air by Gould, 610

Philosophical Trans of Royal Soc 1742/3, Account of Proportions of English & French M & W, from the Standards of the Same by anon, 390, 1998

Philosophical Trans of Royal Soc 1744, standards by anon, 390

Philosophical Trans of Royal Soc 1765, Account of Balance of New Construction to be of use in Woollen Industry by Ludlam, 610

Philosophical Trans of Royal Soc 1798, 330, 390Philosophical Trans of Royal Soc 1826, Kater's

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Klappwaage vom Hang de Burg Pless by Steuer, 1613

Polizeimeldewesen (Be, Bl. 148 & 666), 2277, 2279Popular Mechanics Feb 1924, 3335-3336Popular Mechanics Feb 1968, 2504Popular Mechanics Jan 1917, 2914Popular Science Mar 1968, 2504Prairie Farmer 1884, advertisement, 3456Primary Education 1896, advertisement, 3456Printer's Ink: A Journal for Advertisers, 10 July

1919"New Account for William Rankin Co," 3460

Proc Institute of Civil Engineers 1892Weighing Machines by Airy, 134

Proc Newcomen Soc 1929, John Wyatt & Weighing of Heavy Loads by Benton, 728

Proc Newcomen Soc 1941-2, Springs & Spring Balances by Benton, 545

Proc Royal Irish Academy 1916, Notes on Irish Money Wts by Westropp, 87, 1478, 1796

Proc Society of Antiquaries 1916-17, Box of Coin Wts in British Museum by Read, 1794, 1796

Proceedings of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, July 14, 1897, 3460

Qhaderni Ticinesi di Numismatica e Antichita Classiche 1981, Weight of the Gold Florin in the 15th century by Grierson, 1998

Quality and Safety in Health Care, Vol 13 2004Shuffle the Deck, Flip that Coin by Diaz & Neuhauser, 3148

Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society 1849On the relative expansions by Makins, 2120

Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society 1853On an Improved Assay Balance by Makins, 2120

Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society 1853On certain sources of loss of precious metals, by Makins, 2120

Quarterly,The, Journal of the British Asso of Paper Historians Jan. 2005 History of Paper Historians by Chamberlain, 3079

Railway Times Jan 15, 1910, 2419Records of the Colony of New Plymouth in New

England Court Orders 1855 edited by Shurtleff, 1140

Records of the Colony of New Plymouth in New England Laws 1861 edited by Pulsiver, 1140

Review Numismatique 1886, Deneraux by Rouyer, 1562

"Rittenhouse", Smithsonian Institution, 2239Sands Clays & Minerals 1936-9, Early Technical

Balances by Barclay, 610Saturday Evening Post, Ads for E & T Fairbanks, 3064Scale Journal 1930, Development of Sc Design through

a Century by Bacon, 728Schweitzer Münzblatter 1971, Maitre Balanciers de la

Region Rhenane by Lavagne, 114Schweizer Münzblatter 1971, Maitres balanciers de la

region Rhenane by Lavagne, 114Science News Oct 28, 1967, 2504Scientific American, Ads for E & T Fairbanks, 3064Scientific American 1888, An Improved Weighing

Scale, 2385-2386Scientific American Dec 1967, 2404Scientific American Mar 14, 1868, 3117Scottish Historical Review 1977, W & M of Scotland

before the Union by Zupko, 2072Scribner's Magazine 1887, advertisements, 3456Selden Society 1955, Fleta II by Richardson & Sayles,

1997, 2023Shaw's Corner, 1978, by National Trust, 3-4, 7, 2163St Nicholas 1889, advertisement, 3456Staatsangehörigkeitsaufsicht B (38516), 2277, 2279TAPPI Journal 1920-1930, 3079Textile Chemist & Colourist 1988, aniline dyes by

Travis, 1862The American Rifleman May 1957, advertisement,

3020The Cambrian 1882-1883, advertisements, 3456The Educational Courant 1884-1885, advertisements,

3456The Engineer Feb 5, 1909, 2419The Journal of the National Education Association, Feb

1922, 3460The Thames & Severn Canal 1969, 2419Thomas'Register, 3261Trans Connecticut Academy Arts & Sciences 1988,

Nesting Wts Einsatzgewichte & Piles a Godet by Zak Danforth, 1434

Trans of Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian &

Archaelogical Soc (1989), Bretherdale Wool Weight by Satchell, 1998

Trans of Historical Society of Ghana 1972, Studies in Akan Wts by Garrard, 2027

Trans of Newcomen Soc vol xxii 1941/2, Early History of the Spring Balance by Benton, 435

Trans of Pharmaceutical Journal 1859-60, Observations on Proposed Adjustment of W & M for New British Pharmacopoeia by Wilson, 808, 827, 830

Trans of Yorkshire Numismatic Soc 1918, Money Scales & Wts by Sheppard, 1796

Treasure Hunting 1987, The Mediaeval Tumbrel or Coin Balance by Marshall, 1613

Trierer Zeitschrift 1985, Balances from Roman & Mediaeval period by Jenemann, 1613

Underwoods Counterfeit Reporter 1884, Becker & Sons advert, 904

Underwoods Counterfeit Reporter 1895, CCD advert, 904

Unity 1883-1885, advertisements, 3456Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beforderung des

Gewerbefleisses 1876, Bernstein report, 1948, 2272, 2279

Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beforderung des Gewerbefleisses 1880, Minutes of 6/7, 2276, 2279

Vermont Life 1980, Legacy of Thaddeus Fairbanks by Morgan, 728

Verordnung, betreffend die Einführung der Reichmarkrechnung 1874, 2272, 2279

Versuche & Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig 1 1747, Ausfuehrliche Beschreibung einer neuen & vollkommeneren Art von Wagen by Kuhn, 610

Waagen & Dosieren 1980, Entwicklungsgeschichte der Neigungswaage by Jenemann, 610

Waegen & Dosieren 1980, Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Neigungswaage by Jenemann, 610

Whittaker's Almanac 1903, 16Women's Work 1888, advertisement, 3457Worlds Paper Trade Review, The, 1912 & 1919, A

New Paper Scales, news item, 3079Wurttembergische Kirchengeschichte 1980/1, P M

Hahn by Jenemann, 610Zeitschrift für Elektrotechnik (1887), 2276, 2279Zeitschrift für Religions-und Geistesgeschichte, 1976,

Aron Bernstein-ein liberaler Volksaufklarer Schriftsteller und Religionsreformer by Schoeps, 1954

see also museum catalogues"Journal of the Chemical Society" (1853), 2119

quote from, 2119-2120Journeyman sc mkrs, advert, 2552Journeymen, 239-248, 1741Journeymen's Scale Co, 2292-2293

bankers scale, 2293Joy, John

apprentice of Wilford, David, 1734coin sc mkr, 1727dates, 1734master of Gable, Thomas, 1727, 1734

master of New, William, 1734master of Pallett, Tavenor, 1734, 1741succeeded by Gable, Thomas, 1734successor of Wilford, David, 1734

Joyce'sAssay Tons, letter, 331"Napier's Balance & the Mint" (article), 103-105"Precision Balances" (article), 3-6"Weighing the World" (article), 327-331

"Julian H Becker" (article by Doniger), 2164-2165Jung, C (C-spring mkr), 435, 1875Juris, F (postal sc patentee), 705-706Juryman's Oath, 20, 22Jurymen (London), 43Justice

column, 1291figure of, 2216

Justice, painting by Reynolds, 741Justice

pan, 1291shears, 1290symbolic, 739-749, 1199trade label, 1290-1291

Justice of the Peace, 22standards, 20

Justirt, brand, 27-28, 64

KK & M, C-spring mkr, 1875K K crowned mark, 1959

see also KendalK S T N, mark on wts, 164Kahlert Mfg Co

American sc mkr, 1313egg sc mkr, 1313equal-arm with pre-loaded pan, 1313pendulum sc mkr, 1313steelyard mkr, 1313Universal Trade name, 1314

Kaki sao bakari see steelyardKalkoff, P, 1874Kalthoff, P

B trade mark, 1874C-spring mkr, 1875postal sc mkr, 1876

Kammerer, Carlbrother-in-law of Starke, Gustav, 873see also Starke & Kammerer

Kan, 319Kater, Capt see Kater, HenryKater, Henry, 2243-2248, 2251

biography, 2248construction of wooden beam, 2249-2250cooperated with Bate, R B, 1786-1787, 2248cooperated with Robinson, Thomas Charles, 1724designer of wooden beam, 2081

steel knives on, 2243, 2249-2250experimental scientific balance, 2245helped by Robinson, Thomas C., 2251sc for weighing bullion, 2243-2244sc for weighing standard bushel, 2080, 2245sc made by Bate, R B, 2080, 2243-2249, 2250-2252

sc used by Board of Trade, 2243-2248rebuilt by Oertling, 2248

scientist, 393wooden beam

construction of, 2249-2250designer of, 2081, 2243-2248, 2249-2250sensitivity of, 2249-2250stirrups on, 2249-2250variation of, 2249-2250

Katz, Jerry, biography, 21Katz & Pugsley's, "Important Dearborn/Plympton

Balance"(article), 3037-3039Katz's

"A Somewhat Amazing Revelation" (article), 2818"An Early Howe? And How!" (article), 1526-1527"Birds of a Feather" (article), 2556-2560"Buying Ice" (article), 2222-2223"Candlestick Postal Scale" (article), 2514"Dr. C H Fitch dates" (article), 2185"For Silver or Gold Dollars?" (article), 2245"Found in USA - A British rarity" (article), 2121-2122"Here's the Straight Scoop" (article), 2923-2924"Howe Revisited" (article), 2756"Oh Rube Goldberg, Where Are You Now?" (article),

2823-2824"Old Advert" (article), 2168"Postal Rates in the Confederacy" (article), 2404"Small World, Wasn't It?" (article), 2628"The Nolan Scale Co, the C W Novelty Co and Mssrs

John H Nolan and Sherman Johnson" (article), 3162-3164

"Weights for Accepting Foreign Gold Coin"(article), 3395-3396

"What's My Line-Scale Collecting Adjuncts" (article), 2854-2856

Katz's "Foot Stool or a Scale??"(article), 3426-3427Kaufman Mfg Co, bowling ball sc mkr, 3174-3175, 3178Kaye, John, coin sc retailer, 282Keeled, definition, 257Keeler, H J, Scale Co, 2709Keeler, Hiram J, 2707

administrator for Keeler, Joel F, 2708Keeler, Joel F, 2703, 3344

advert, 2705, 2707biography, 2703-2709Cleveland city sealer, 2703Cleveland County Treasurer, 2703dates, 2703-2709owner Forest City Sc Works, 2703patent lever scales, 2705, 3344patentee, 2703-2709pendulum sc mkr, 2704Pittsburg, PA, 2705-2709platform sc, use of, 2703-2704, 3344platform sc mkr, 2703, 2707-2709, 3344poly-poise beam mkr, 2706scale manufacturer, 2703-2709, 3344Secretary of Republican Party, 2704smelting ore sc mkr, 2706, 2708-2709

Keeler's, "Joel F Keeler: Revisited" (article), 3344Keeper of the Standard, 3319Keesing, Isaac, postal sc mkr, 2875-2876

"Keesing Postal Scales" (article by Kok), 2875-2876Keller, G R, analytical bal mkr, 16Keller, S

assay bal mkr, 154-155button bal in heavy glass case, 154

Keller Balance Mfg Cobutton bal mkr, 157portable assay bal mkr, 157

Kelley's "Medieval Weights & Measures" (article), 776-783Kellogg, Dr. John Harvey, Michigan patentee, 3245Kelly's Universal Cambist (review), 188Kemper-Thomas Co, 2341Kendal mark, 1959Kenrick, Archibald & Sons

dates, 638wts, 585-586, 638, 1261

Kent, Standards required, 1924Kenyan, wts see weights, nationality, KenyanKeppler, pfanzeder sc mkr, 2602Kern, G, assay wt mkr, 2530Kern, Gottlieb, cloth sc mkr, 1173Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn

analytical wts mkr, 868apothecary sc mkr, 805chemical bal retailer, 1076German sc mkr, 804, 868, 1076, 1692Old Advert, 1076paper scale maker, 1692pendulum sc retailer, 1076postal sc retailer, 1076

Kerrison, Samuel, wt mkr, 1043, 1564Kesj, Chinese coinage, 56Kettle, spring bal, 775Keuffel & Esser Co, 3317

spring scale mkr, 3317Key, definition, 116-117, 257Key, George

apprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729, 1740apprentice with Read, Samuel, 244coin sc mkr, 245dates, 1740from Northumberland, 1728

Key chain, advertising, 3314Keys, James


Keys crossed in shield mark, mark of Peterborough, 1929, 1978

Kidder, Vincentassay master of Dublin, 1755coin wts mkr, 1773dates, 1823dies used by Archdall, William, 1757Irish wts mkr, 1756-1757, 1767, 1823master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755, 1767succeeded by Archdall, William, 1823successor of Cuthbert & Paris, 1772, 1823

Kidderminster mark, 1959, 2033Kilogram volume equality, 3148Kimber, John, sc mkr, 3090Kimpton, S C, patentee, 453

Kind & Ciefish/dolphin trade-mark, 1876

spring bal mkr, 1876King, Bert

assignee to Barnes Scale Co, 3244assignee to Computing Scale Co, 3244assignee to Detroit Automatic Scale Co, 3244assignee to Standard Computing Scale Co, 3244Michigan patentee, 3244

King, David, 2507master of Archdall, William, 1756

King, Jeroboam, 2510King, Solomon, 2510King, Thomas

dates, 1732master of Fletcher, James, 1732partner of Astill, Susannah, 1732see also Astill & King

King Henry VIII, 3211King James I, 3211

see also King James VI of ScotlandKing James VI of Scotland, 3211King Philip II of Spain, 3211Kingdon (author), 187, 1896, 2023Kingdon's Strife of Scales in the City of London (review),

187Kings see weights, monarchKingsbury Mfg Co, postal sc mkr, 1261Kington, John

apprentice of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1730, 1739partner of Trowbridge, Charles, 1730trained with Trowbridge, Charles, 1730

Kington & Trowbridgecoin sc mkr, 1730dates, 1730successors of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1739see also Kington, John; Trowbridge, Charles

Kinmonth's Coin-freed Weighing Machines from 1884-1940 (review), 1705-1712

Kirby, Thomasapprentice of Cattell, Robert, 1735dates, 1735

Kirch, Ioann see Kirch, JohannesKirch, Joann see Kirch, JohannesKirch, Johannes

article by Moennig, 506-507coin sc mkr, 506dates, 506trade card, 507wt mkr, 506

Kirchen, Joannes see Kirch, JohannesKirchen, Johannes see Kirch, JohannesKirk, Iohn see Kirk, JohnKirk, John

apoth wt mkr, 829coin sc mkr, 208, 459, 462-463, 465, 467, 496coin wt mkr, 462-463, 560, 829, 883, 970, 1065, 1081-

1086, 1765coin wts mkr, 208, 459-460, 462-467, 480, 496, 560,

663, 829, 883, 970, 1061-1066, 1081-1086, 1935

Old Advert, 480

trade card, 1061trade token, 896, 1274

"Kirkoswold Weight of 1662" (article by Crawforth), 2925-2927

Kisch (author), 64, 87, 169, 278, 507, 610, 728, 749, 808, 954, 1435, 1567, 1569, 1607, 1613, 1707, 1897, 1901

Kisch'sGewichte und Waagemacher im Alten Koln (review),

186Scales & Weights (review), 87, 186, 610

Kitchen, Richardplatform sc mkr, 723weighbridge mkr, 725

Kitchen sc, 1863accuracy, 3bismar, 765, 773candlestick, 1558, 3101digital read-out, 775equal arm, 768equal arm & pillar, 769flexure spring, 765, 1945, 1965-1966half roberval & spring, 877half roberval & steelyard, 514, 765, 771ladle, 1945, 1965-1966making, 333, 335no weights, 848pendulum, 572, 608, 765-766, 772, 1654, 1911platform, 514, 773roberval, 767, 769, 1046, 1195, 1321, 1462, 2074rocker, 765spring, 335, 355, 505, 517-518, 526, 528, 543, 545,

551, 753, 765, 770, 774-775, 877, 958, 981, 1248-1250, 1439, 1466, 3101

steelyard, 768, 773, 1463, 1807top pan, 355, 505, 517-518, 528, 676, 753, 765, 770,

877, 958, 1248, 1964, 2073Union, 514weighing kettle, 775weighing spoon, 773-774

see also ladlesee also mancur

Kitchen sc (article), 765-775, 1247-1251Kitchen sc mkr

Avery, W & T, 768Braby, James, 772, 1725, 1911British Duplex Seals Ltd, 1965Brown, L E, 3101Chatillon, John & Sons, 333-335, 1249, 1558-1559Duplex Handy Scale, 1945Fairbanks & Co, 1807Hahn, Philipp Matthaus, 572, 608Harper, J & Co Ltd, 765, 1964Hartley, 773Herbert & Sons, 1195, 1729Hilton, 765, 772Hughes, 516Hushallsvag, 981Kitway, 772Krups, 505, 1462Landers, Frary & Clark, 676Marriott, Henry, 1883

Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1654, 1656Pearl, 753Praktik Product, Scadle, 1945Prodevel Domestic Scale Co, 1046Roberts, 514Salter, 516-518, 528, 543, 545, 765, 770Salter, Geo & Co, 765, 770Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543-544, 544, 551Silvester see SalterTerraillon, 1985-1986Triner, 1248Turnbull, 877Ubrig, Emil, 517, 765, 958, 1889, 1909

Kitchen sc nationalityAmerican, 333-335, 514, 676, 877, 1247-1251, 1558-

1559, 1807, 1945Austrian, 1945British, 516-518, 528, 543-545, 551, 765-775, 1046,

1195, 1725, 1729, 1883, 1945, 1964-1965Czechoslovak, 544, 551, 753, 770French, 1985-1986German, 505, 517, 572, 608, 765, 958, 1439, 1462,

1654, 1889, 1909Italian, 765Swedish, 981, 1463

Kitchen sc patenteeDuplex Handy Scale, 1945Harper, J & Co Ltd & Crowley, C, 765Hughes, J, 528Pieper, C, 517Salter, 543Silvester, 516Turnbull, 877Ubrig, E, 517

Kitchen sc retailer, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1656Kitchener, W, cookery writer, 1247Kitway, pendulum sc mkr, 772Klein, I, C-spring mkr, 1875Kleuser, W, C-spring mkr, 435, 1875Klippert, Vogt & Weiland, weigh scoop patentee, 492Knife, advertising, 3314Knife edge

agate, 3, 138bifurcated, 2228continuous, 8, 115, 219, 311, 2338corundum, 3definition, 170, 257durability, 3face, 8-9fitting, 8four under plate, 2479French pattern, 1646hinges, 2345invention, 3027not continuous, 8pippin-steel, 138, 2335-2336reduction of wear, 3regulations, 115roberval systems, 1639-1640Sharkey, 138, 559steel, 3, 8, 2314, 2315, 2338-2339, 2377, 2420suspension, 2213

tipped, 1996Knight, E

American ccd patentee, 990, 2061pendulum sc mkr, 990postal sc patentee, 990

Knight, Georgebank sc mkr, 1416registered design, 1416

Knight, George & Sonscoin sc retailer, 1415-1416scientific inst mkr, 1415

Knight, Richard & Georgeprecision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Knights'"A Close Finnish" (article), 1240-1244"A Touch of Class" (article), 1456-1462"Bagging and Tagging" (article), 3435"Comment on Union Sc" (article), 1838"Czechs and Balances" (article), 2320-2322"Domestic!" (article), 2073-2075"Fenland Weighing" (article), 2959-2963"In Fair All's Love & War" (article), 1533-1534"Indication of Instability" (article), 1644-1648"Inspecting and Collecting" (article), 2882-2883"It Pays to Advertise"(article), 3311-3314"Lincs with America" (article), 2220-2222"No Stone Unturned" (article), 2799-2803"Pump Up the Volume" (article), 3148-3150"Roberval the Movie" (article), 1637-1642"Serendipity* Strikes Again"(article), 3436"Spring Song", (article), 3354-3355"There are Deadweights at Bottom of My Garden"

(article), 1635-1636"Topweight, Face and Power" (article), 2949-2951"Vive la Diffèrence" (article), 2438-2441"Wandering Weights" (article), 1341-1345

Knights, John, 2381biography, 2882-2883

Knipwaage, 2447"Knipwaage" (article by Holtman), 1897-1901Knipwage, 2400

see also knipwaageKnives, advertising, 3314Knowledge, scientific, 3147Knowles, K A & Son, successors of Knowles, R & Son,

1733, 1742Knowles, R & Son

succeeded by Knowles, K A & Son, 1733successors of Knowles, Robert Arthur, 1733

Knowles, Robert Arthurapprentice of Smith, William, 1733, 1741succeeded by Knowles, R & Son, 1733

Knowles, T, yarn bal patentee, 1174, 1176Koch

German sc mkr, 1917-1923pendulum sc mkr, 1917-1923

Koch, C Ernstsucceeded by Wagner & Co, 1921successor of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921

Koch, Carl & Ferdinand, owners of Koch, Gebrûder, 1921

Koch, F, patentee, 2170Koch, Ferdinand

husband of Koch, Lina, 1922manager of Gerke & Koch, 1922

Koch, Ferdinand & Carl, patentees, 1917-1923Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921

dates, 1921German sc mkr, 1921owned by Wagner, Ernst Karl, 1921succeeded by Koch, C Ernst, 1921succeeded by Wagner, C Ernst, 1921

Koch, Gebrûderdates, 1921German sc mkr, 1917-1923owned by Koch, Carl & Ferdinand, 1921succeeded by Gerke & Koch, 1922

Koch, Lina, wife of Koch, Ferdinand, 1922Koch, Lina & Gerke Louis, owners of Gerke & Koch, 1922"Koch Parcel & Letter Scale" (article by Schmitz), 1917-

1923Kohlbusch, Herman

assay bal mkr, 2498bullion bal mkr, 1940roberval sc mkr, 1643see also catalogue

Kohler, Jacob, partner, Buoy, Brenner & Co, 2887Kohn, G, weigh scoop patentee, 492Kok, biography, 3381Kok's

"A German Letter - Scale"(article), 3379-3381"A German Letter - Scale (part 2)"(article), 3463-3466"Clearance of the Postmuseum" (article), 3267-3269"Keesing Postal Scales" (article), 2875-2876"Old European Letter Scales & Their Postal

Rates"(article), 3444-3446"Postal Scales of the Dutch Scalemaker Velthoen"

(article), 3230-3234"Scales With Circular Dials" (article), 3323-3325"Scales with the initials N B"(article), 3478-3482

Kolb, Tobias Martin, wts mkr, 1166Koritschoner, David, diamond bal mkr, 1724, 1791Kosara bakari see SteelyardKosmo

apothecary sc mkr, 799trade card, 799

Krampfund see weights, denomination, krampfund; weights, nationality, German

Krausse, K L, patentee, 624Kresky, egg sc mkr, 1276-1278, 1284Kroha (author), 1613Kronenberg, American ccd patentee, 763Kronenberg, E, ccd patentee, 763, 902Kronenthaler, 142Krups, Adler-Roberval mkr, 2602Krups, Robert

C-spring mkr, 1875ration sc mkr, 1872trade mark snake & arrow, 1872see also catalogue

Kruse, Abrahamcoin sc mkr, 29, 31, 63-64dates, 63

trade card, 29Kruse, Johann Melchior

coin sc mkr, 29, 31, 63-64dates, 63

Kruse, Melchior, trade card, 29Kuhl Inc.

successor to Jolly Inc, 2296, 2298successor to Zimmer, 2296, 2298

Kuhlmann, Wilhelm H Fanalytical bal mkr, 5long beam design, 5precision bal mkr, 790, 1827

Kuhn (author), 610Kuhn, Freres Saone, béranger mkr, 2440Kuhn, H, pendulum sc designer, 573, 602Kula, Witold (author), 2127-2128Kuppler's System, 2321Kurch, Johann see Kirch, JohannesKwikway, egg sc, 383-384Kyat see weights, denomination

LL, one pound sterling see weights, denomination, sovereignL & S

candlestick sc mkr, 1669spring bal mkr, 1669

L B, C-spring mkr, 1875L B & flower, C-spring mkr, 1875L B crowned, 1865L B crowned (LeBoucher), 1865, 1875L B S in shield mark, 1929

see also St. AlbansL C C, London County Council, started, 1978L D C, mark on wts, 69L fleur de lys L, mark on wts, 1343L K, mark on wts, 94L L, mark on wts, 94, 1343L M, wts mkr, 586, 588, 637L N under V R crowned mark, 1957

see also Lancashire Lonsdale NorthL P see liespfundL P D, definition, 825L R crowned, 1929

see also RiponLa Infalible, Spanish ccd, 307Label for cloth, 926, 1142Labiche à Sourdeval

C-spring mkr, 1875date, 1876

Laboratory balmkr

Goodbrand, 1174Oertling, L, 1173Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 554Sartorius, 2542-2547Starke & Kammerer, 872

spring, 553torsion, 1000unequal-arm, 872yarn, 1173-1174

Laborde, Denise Lucile, patentee, 1370, 1372Lacey, William, witness for Harris, Sandy, 3116

Lacquered box see box, lacqueredLacquered poise, 1572Lacquering, 10, 1236-1237Ladd, Edward Wilds

scientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Ladd & Oertlingaccuracy, 2080bal retailed by Spencer, J & Son, 1843Ladd, William & Oertling, Ludwig, 2080refurbished sc by Bate, Robert Brettell, 2080sc for comparison of local standards, 2080scientific instrument mkr, 2080

Ladder scdefinition, 257, 258see also Postal sc

Ladell's, Goulding, Thomas, letter to editor, 1140Ladle weighing mkr

British Duplex Seals Ltd, 1945, 1965Praktik, Product Scadle, 1945, 1966

Lafargue, A, coin operated sc mkr, 2451-2452Lafargue, Alphonse, coin operated sc patentee, 2452Lake, W R, patent agent, 510Lamb, Elizabeth

coin sc mkr, 208, 242date, 1732firstly wife of Hux, Thomas II, 1732secondly wife of Lamb, Percivell, 1732successor of Lamb, Percivell, 1732widow of Lamb, Percivell, 242, 1732

Lamb, Marydates, 1733sc mkr, 1733, 1743successor of Lamb, William, 1733, 1743

Lamb, Percivellcoin sc in shagreen boxes, 1780coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1732inventory, 1780second husband of Hux, Elizabeth II, 242, 1732second husband of Lamb, Elizabeth, 242, 1732succeeded by Lamb, Elizabeth, 1732successor of Hux, Thomas II, 1732wts, 638

Lamb, Williamapprentice of Swithin, John, 1733coin sc mkr, 1733dates, 1733succeeded by Lamb, Mary, 1733successor of Swithin, John, 1733

Lambert (author), 610Lambert, Johann Heinrich, inventor, 573, 603-605Laminated coinage, 266Lamoede see weights, denomination, lamoedeLamont, R., coin operated sc patentee, 2452Lamott see Granat & LamottLancashire, Blackburn, 1957Lancashire gold bal see folding Gold balLancashire Lonsdale North, L N under V R crowned mark,

1957Lancaster, F J, coin operated sc patentee, 2457Landale & Tod, 2250-2252

ironmongers, 2250-2252working with Bate, R B, 2250-2252

LandersFrary & Clark, 3382-3392spring bal mkr, 1555, 3382-3392see also Landers, Frary & Clark

Landers, Frary & ClarkColumbia trade name, 676kitchen sc mkr, 676, 3382-3392making Turnbull scales, 3382-3392see also Turnbull

Landers,Charles SAmerican scale maker, 3382-3392see also Landers, Frary & Clark

Landers,George MAmerican scale maker, 3382-3392see also Landers, Frary & Clark

Lane, H(?), rocker mkr, 2141-2142Lane, John

apprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729coin sc mkr, 244-245master of Gale, John, 244master of Read, Samuel, 244

Lang (author), 310Lang & Crosby (authors), 310, 1339Langer, G, weigh scoop patentee, 492Langhorn, R see Mordan & LanghornLangley, W

date, 1727grain sc mkr, 1727scientific instrument mkr, 1727

Langley & Michaels Co see catalogueLangley De-Liar

changes in, 2947colors, 2946fish scale, 2945-2948

models, 2945-2946patent, 2945sterling silver, 2945

nationalityEnglish, 2948German, 2948Russian, 2948

retailersLangley Corp, 2946Skoal, 2946Zebco, 2946

"Langley De-Liar" (article by Murrill), 2945-2948Lansen, C-spring mkr, 1875Larkin, James, MI sc mkr, 3034Larkin, N, 2471Larro see Advertising scLathe, county division, 1925Lattice beam

definition, 254, 257-258on Makins' assay bal, 2120on Robinson's assay bal, 2120

Laue, discoverer of X-ray diffraction, 2627Laughlin, patentee, 411Launceston mark, 1960Laurel see weights, denomination, laurelLavagne

author, 42, 114, 494, 593, 1796, 1879obituary, 494

Lavagne & Rochesnard (authors), 494Lavagne's Balanciers Etalonneurs leurs Marques leurs

Poincons (review), 556L'Aventure du Metre (review), 1296-1297Lavoisier

chemist, 2171husband of Pierrette-Paylze, 2171Inspector of gunpowder, 2171owner of Règnier V-spring scale, 2171

law case see Court caseLawful Money, 3227Lawrence, Charles

apprentice of Lawrence, John Peter, 1738brother of Lawrence, Edward, 1738dates, 1738recipient of Christ's Hospital grant, 1747son of Lawrence, John Peter, 1738

Lawrence, Edwardapprentice of Woodage, George Cave, 1738, 1741brother of Lawrence, Charles, 1738date, 1738educated at Christ's Hospital, 1741employed by DeGrave, Charles & Son, 1738son of Lawrence, John Peter, 1738successor of Lawrence, John Peter, 1738

Lawrence, John Peterapprentice of Read, Samuel, 1736, 1738dates, 1738, 1741father of Lawrence, Charles, 1738father of Lawrence, Edward, 1738, 1741master of Anderson, James Andrew, 1738master of Lawrence, Charles, 1738partner of Schooling, James & Everitt, George, 1736succeeded by Lawrence, Edward, 1738

Lawrence, L A (author), 498, 881, 1796, 1846Lawrence,J Franklin, American patentee, 3125-3126Lawrence,John, patent assignee, 3125-3126Lawrence's, "MI Scales shaped Case History" (article),

3255-3257Laycock, Peter, biography, 2818Laycock's

"Pelouze Bow-front Postal Scales" (article), 2877-2881, 3281

"Samuel Turner Senior Parcel Scale" (article), 2936-2940

"The Canadian Equal Arm Letter Scale" (article), 2816-2818

"You Never Know Where You Will Find an Interest Scale"(article), 3401-3403

Layton, Ida, daughter of Layton, Roland, 3318Layton, Leslie

brother of Layton, Roland, 3318partner of Layton, Roland, 3318

Layton, Nellie, wife of Layton,Roland, 3318Layton, R, working at Blackfriars Rd, 3318Layton, R & L

Scalemakers, 3318history, 3318

Layton, Roland, 3318apprenticed at Fairbanks, Birmingham, 3318

nephew of Cook, Ernie, 3318Proprietor of "The Scale Mart," 3318working at Fairbanks, Vermont, 3318working for Pollard, William, 3318

Layton, Royapprenticed to Layton, Roland, 3318son of Layton, Roland, 3318working for H Fereday& Son Ltd, 3318working with Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 3318

Layton, Williamapprentice of Goodman, John, 1729, 1731dates, 1731father of Layton, William Thomas, 1735, 1741freedom not found, 1731

Layton, William Thomasapprentice of Stanley, Nathaniel, 1735, 1741son of Layton, William, 1735

Lbluk, F, wts mkr, 1430-1435Le Fran, André, French coin sc mkr, 2518-2519Le Termelier, A G T E, C-spring mkr, 1875"Lead Cockleshells from Caesarea Maritima" (article by

Holland), 3201-3206Lead Midiaeval weight? (query by Crawforth), 2192Lead plug, with stamp, 2220Lead plugs, 9, 23, 44-45, 91, 1092, 1094Lead seal see verificationLead weighing, mediaeval, 2016Lead wts

prohibition, 21, 43, 345stamping, 21

Leadbetter, Ross, biography, 2615Leaf spring see flexure springLeake, George

dates, 1739at same address as Chisholme, James, 1739

Leary, J I, weigh scoop patentee, 492Least current weight, 1010, 1013, 3124

definition, 1079see also blancke weights; without grains

Leather cleaning, 1268Leather-covered box see box, leather-coveredLeathersellers Co Guild, 1727LeBert, A, weigh scoop patentee, 492LeBoucher

C-spring mkr, 1865, 1875L B crowned, 1865

LeBoucher, Eugene, C-spring mkr, 1875LeBoucher, Jnr, C-spring mkr, 1875LeBoucher, L B crowned, 1865LeBoucher, Manuel, C-spring mkr, 1875LeBoucher, W, mancur mkr, 435LeBoucher & crescent, C-spring mkr, 1875Lebreton, Eugene, C-spring mkr, 1875Lebreton, Fils ainé à Sourdeval, C-spring mkr, 1875Lee, coin sc retailer, 1824Lee, Humphrey

dates, 1736father of Lee, John, 1736master of Ogden, Samuel, 1736

Lee, Johnapprentice of Neale, Henry, 1736son of Lee, Humphrey, 1736

Lee, Thomasdates, 1731journeyman of Williams, Thomas I, 1731

Lee,Humphreydates, 1736father of Lee, John, 1736

Leeds mark, hanging fleece, 1972Leg, definition, 170, 257Legal Money, 3227Leicester mark, potentilla, 616Lemercier, C-spring mkr, 1875Lench, Samuel & Son

succeeded by Lench, Samuel II, 1742successors of Lench, Samuel I, 1742

Lench, Samuel Idates, 1742succeeded by Lench, Samuel & Son, 1742

Lench, Samuel IIdates, 1742successor of Lench, Samuel & Son, 1742

Leni, C, British patentee, 1931Lenz, Christoph, nesting wts mkr, 2522Lenz, Johann Reichert, nesting wts mkr, 2522Leonardo da Vinci

scale inventor, 2179-2181, 3354see also da Vinci, Leonardo

Les 3 gr, mark on wts, 986Letermelier

C-spring mkr, 1873French sc mkr, 1873

Letermelier, A G T E, C-spring mkr, 1875Letermelier, Andrè, C-spring mkr, 1875Letter clip, definition, 175, 220, 237Letter folding, 1219-1220Letter opener

advertising, 3311Avery advertisement, 3311

Letter-opener see Letter openerLetter opener & postal sc, 505, 1031Letter plate

definition, 170engraved, 3298material

blue slag, 3297connemara marble, 3297coral, 3297

shapeoval, 3298round, 3298

Letter sc, 2353, 3367-3368see also postal sc; Postal sc

letter scale and mobile, 3265-3266"Letter Scales Marked OEST.P. 1766" (article by Sol),

3190-3195Letter to the Editor, Diana Crawforth-Hitchins, 3076Leunig, F, paper scale retailer, 505, 602, 1692Leunig, F & Co

paper scale maker, 1692, 1697-1698, 1704-1705pendulum sc mkr, 505, 602, 1697-1698

Leupold, 2767Leupold, J

author, 575-576, 578, 610, 1465

Theatrum Staticum Universale (review), 575Leuser, W H, spring bal mkr, 1986Level-beam weighing, 2016Levelling foot see Levelling screwLevelling screw, definition, 254, 258Lever, spring loaded, 263Lever bal see Pendulum scLever lift

cord, 1397inside pillar, 599, 1416raising upon 2 pins, 1413-1415, 1417-1419see also Key

Lever ratio, definition, 258Leveritt, William

apprentice of Stiles, William, 1740apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1740dates, 1740

Leverscompound, 2213simple, 2213

Levi & Salaman, candlestick sc mkr, 3128Levy, Levy, sc mkr, 1724Lewis (author), 610Lewis, William

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1733partner of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733

Lewis & Nicholldiamond sc mkr, 1733Lewis, William & Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733succeeded by Reynolds & Nicholl, 1733

Lewis County Historical Society, 3081Lewis gun, 3499

tension tester, 3499description of, 3499made by Salter, 3499

tester, 543, 552, 3499Leyborne, Richard

dates, 1747recipient of Blacksmiths' Co grant, 1747

Li coinage, 56Li wts see weights, denomination, liLiang wts see weights, denomination, liangLiberties, 1929

definition, 1894Liberty, bow-front sc retailer, 981Liberty, St A, 1929

see also St. AlbansLibra mercatoria, 1346

see also mercantile poundLibrary

basic suggestionsby Crawforth, 87by Sturgess, 186-189by Willard, 2083-2084

Lid, drilled for wts, 1353-1356Liebes-Waage, 2434Liespfund, 825"The Life of a Patentee" (article by Elizer), 2812Light beam, applied to spring bal, 1933Light coin

circulation, 1127, 1304, 2068defacement, 264-268, 1079

see also clipping; filed coin; plated coinage; sweatingLight Coin Act see Acts of Parliament, 1773Light Gold Coin 57.83723, 1936, 1969Light-up marquee, 2133, 2137Lilly, S T, registered design, 373-374Linabury, A, partner of Dutton, Joseph, 3240Lincoln, wts mkr, 2075Lincoln mark (shield), 1928Lincoln Mfg, egg sc mkr, 414-415, 1276Lincolnshire

Lindsey mark, 1981verification marks, 1343

"Lincs with America" (article by Knights), 2220-2222Lind, John

coin sc mkr, 1732dates, 1732master of Clark, William, 1732master of Oxley, Henry, 1732master of Partridge, John, 1732master of Whitford, Samuel, 1732son of Lind, Joseph, 1732

Lind, Josephapprentice of Taylor, William I, 1732coin sc mkr, 454, 457dates, 458, 1732from Durham, 1728father of Lind, John, 1732

Lindemann,Ottocarbiography, 3362-3363milk registering scale patentee, 3360-3361see also Meloney Automatic Registering Milk scale

Linderman, Jantrade card, 1606two shops, 1606weights mkr, 1606

Lindeyer & Crawforth's"Chatillon Part 1" (article), 1556-1560"Chatillon Part 2" (article), 1591-1601

Lindeyer'sChatillon & Son Inc, letter, 88"How I Got Started" (article), 1555

Lindner (author), 1955Lindner, Johannes, biography, 2292Lindner's

"Alex Bernstein's Patent Coin Tester, Part 1" (article), 2272-2279

"Alex Bernstein's Patent Coin Tester, Part 2" (article), 2287-2292

"Bernstein's Apparatus for sorting Coins" (article), 1947-1955

"German CCDs-Ph J Maul" (article), 1614-1622"Reitze Coin-tester" (article), 1177-1181

Lingard, Georgedates, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508, 1513

Lingke, Wilhelm, assay bal mkr, 2498Link

definition, 174, 258see also Phanzeder sc; Roberval sc

Link, O Winston, photographer, 2221Lion agate sc, Day & Millward, 1442Lion lift, 437

Lion mark see Goldsmiths' Co; Newcastle on Tyne, Assay Office

Lion on barrel, mark on wts, 164Lion passant guardant, mark on coin wts, 24, 1478Lion rampant, mark on coin wts, 45, 1478Lipfert's, "Avery Postal Steelyard" (article), 1514-1518Lippy, 1075Lisicaux, V-spring mkr, 1875Litchfeild, Richard, wts mkr, 883, 1043, 1564Litre measure, grain, 51Little, Bellows, Stevens & Reddington, patented

improvements to Wyatt compound, 3451Little, George, agent for Fairbanks, E & T, 723-724Little, Henry, 2326-2329, 2329-2330, 2344

Fairbanks employee, 2326-2329Fairbanks platform sc mkr, 2326-2329

Little, Sampson, trade name see Abbey Mfg CoLittle Detective, 3433-3434, 3455-3460Littlejohn, Arthur

ironmonger, 2006, 2014trade sc mkr, 2006

Littlejohn & Codates, 2014weighing machine mkr, 2014

Liverpool, Earl of, 496Livery Co

of London, 248records

Armourers & Braziers, 248Blacksmiths, 248Founders, 20-21, 44, 462-463, 497-498, 581, 1043,

1081-1082, 1160Goldsmiths, 23-24, 43, 45, 498, 968, 1069, 1074,

1082Haberdashers, 248Joiners, 248Plumbers, 20-21, 44, 581Weavers, 248

Llestraid, 1075Lloyd, Marshall B

biography, 3514-3516patents of, 3415

Lloyd scale, 3513-3515"Lloyd Scale"(article by Schneiderman), 3513-3515Lloyd Scale Company, 3513-3515Load

definition, 1992telescopic arm, 1405

Load cell, 2214-2215with strain guage, 2214-2215

Load-hooks, two on one pendulum, 1405Load-platforms, two, 1725Load point, 2212Load positions, two load pivots, 772, 1686, 1911Load receiver, 2213-2214Load sensor

electronic, 2214as load controller, 2214using electromagnetic induction, 2215

Load sensors, 2214Loading, mechanical, 719Loading box

definition, 171see also Balance Box

Local Standards, 90sc for comparing, 2080

"Local Verification Marks" (articles by Biggs), 1891-1896, 1924-1930, 1955-1961, 1977-1983, 2031-2037

Locker, Johndates, 1824Irish coin wts mkr, 1824master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755

Lockhart, Jamescoin sc retailer, 2069dates, 2070Scottish sc mkr?, 2068-2073trade card, 2069

Lockhaus & Gunther, C-spring mkr, 435, 1875Locking gear

definition, 258see also Tumbler

Locking slide, 631Lockner's

"Beware of Fake Nesting Weights" (article translated by Schmidt), 251-253

Die Merkzeichen der Nürnberger Rotschmiede (review), 557

"Vorsicht bei Elefanten Zinn und Portugiesen" (article), 253

Locust bean, 2447Loewenhaupt (author), 610Loftus, William Robert


Lollipop scale, 2496London, dagger in shield crowned mark, 1978London, Frederick Stephen

apprentice of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733dates, 1733succeeded by Dougall, R, 1733succeeded by Miles, William Henry, 1733, 1746

London bullion ounce, 1992London City mark, 2034London County Council, L C C, started, 1978London Dairy Supply Co Ltd, 83London Gazette, 1081, 1082London hundredweight, 1992, 2017-2019London LCC mark, 2034London load, 1992London mark, 2031, 2033London ounce, mediaeval, 1992, 2017London pattern, roberval, 853, 1644London Penny Post, 1222London Plate Glass Co, base mkr, 1787London pound

mercantile, 1994-1995, 2017wool, 2019

"London Scale Makers" (article by Crawforth, D), 207-215, 239-248

London stone, 2800Long, Joseph

dates, 1727grain sc mkr, 1727

scientific instrument mkr, 1727, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Longton & Harrisonironmonger, 2006, 2014trade sc mkr, 2006

Lonsdale, 1957Lonsdale., see also Lancashire Lonsdale North"Look-Alike Weights" (article by Robinson), 3285-3286Loose wt steelyard

definition, 258see also steelyard, loose weight

Loose wts see weights, purpose, proportionalLord, Henry, yarn bal retailer, 1726Lord, Horatio

dates, 1173trade card, 1172yarn bal mkr, 1171-1173

Lord, Richardassay master of Dublin, 1471-1472, 1755coin wts mkr, 1471, 1765, 1771, 1825dates, 1825holder of Irish Standards, 1771master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755succeeded by Cuthbert & Paris, 1825

Lorento ApretinoItaly, 2352-2353

fresco, 2352-2353balance depicted, 2352-2353

Restaurant La Bilancia, 2352-2353scales, 2353

Loring, D, coin sc patentee, 2064Loring, D & Dearborn, Benjamin & West, U, coin sc

patentee, 2064Lort, John

ccd mkr, 1825scientific instrument mkr, 1825

"Losing a Few Pounds"(article by Beyreis), 3418-3419Loss, Johann

bal mkr, 2661brother-in-law of Deinert, Paulus, 542coin sc mkr, 542mastersign a cupping-glass, 542

Lost wax process, 348Loth, Russian units of weight, 1657Lotus end

definition, 172see also beam end shapes, trumpet

Lotus-ended beam, 2176Loughton, G, postal sc patentee, 1021Louis d'or wts see weights, denominationLouis XIV of France, coin wts, 883, 917Louis XVIII of France, 888Lound's

"Beams Repairs & Inspectors" (article), 7-9"Brass Beam Scales-To clean or not to Clean!"

(article), 3036, 3161"Cased Weights" (letter), 418"Corrections & Clarifcation" (article), 2935"Repairing Sugar Scales" (article), 137-138

Lovegrove & Flint, postal sc retailers, 938Low, Thomas see Lowe, Thomas

Lowe, Thomasdates, 1508spring bal mkr, 1508

Lowe, Thomas IIdate, 1508spring bal mkr, 1508

Lowville, NY, home of Zenith egg scales, 3081, 3083Lozenge wts see weight, shapeLudlam (author), 610Ludlam, W

inventor, 572-573, 605-606pendulum sc designer, 606, 1073yarn bal inventor, 572, 605-606

Luginbuhl, UlrichC-spring mkr, 1867, 1875U in crescent moon mastersign, 1867

Lumsden, Benjamincoin sc mkr, 2070Scottish sc mkr, 2070trade card, 2070weighing in pennyweights, 2070

Lunar Society, 1120Lund, Iohn see Lund, JohnLund, John, coin sc mkr, 501-502, 1723Lund, William

bismar mkr, 1231, 1233coin sc mkr, 1723date, 1723poise collecting postal scale, 2123poise lifting postal scale, 2123postal sc mkr, 1231, 1723registered design, 1231

Lundberg, G, patentee, 595Lushbough, Cliff, biography, 2503Lushbough's

"Bowling Ball Scale" (article), 3172-3178"Defiance Machine Works-Proportional Balance"

(article), 2967-2971"Rolamite Postal Scale" (article), 2499-2505

Ly St A, 1929see also St. Albans

"Lyon Coin-Scale Makers 1673-1730" (article), 2519Lyre spring bal mkr, Siebe, Augustus, 1888Lyre springs, 1466

MM

béranger mkr, 911mark on coin wts, 987

M & Co, 509, 512, 1257see also Marion & Co

M BC-spring mkr, 1875date, 1876

M B Coin Scale Co, 2411ccd, 760

M F, C-spring mkr, 1875M F G, C-spring mkr, 1875M F I, C-spring mkr, 1875M in circle, trademark of Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1617M in star, trademark of Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1628, 1634M M & S Ltd see Myers, M & Son

M of S mark, 1929M of S mark see StockportM S G, C-spring mkr, 1875M U B, definition, 258M U B see box, MUBM W, mark on wts, 164M W crowned mark, 1960

see also Wakefield markMaag see patentee, French, Béranger, Joseph & MaagMaasstrone, US postal sc mkr, 3045, 3242-3243Maatschappij Van Berkel see BerkelMacAlaster, Bicknel (Labasco Co.), chromium-plated wt

mkr, 2550Macclesfield mark, 1981MacGregor (author), 1613Machabey (author), 197Machinery Co of America, 3262Macito, 1656

see also Maul, JacobMade-up box (MUB)

definition, 258see also box, MUB

Maes wt see weights, denominationMagalhaens (author), 610Magalhaens, J H de

author, 573, 605-606, 610designer, 573trade sc mkr, 606

Magellan, J H, 2155, 2363Magic, egg sc, mkr, 1279Magic Dragon Ent, drug sc mkr, 2055Magna Carta, 1153Magnetic bal

designer, McEwen, 1826mkr

Mason, T, 1754Yeates & Son, 1754

retailer, Mason, Thomas, 1754Magnetic damper, 2189-2191, 2591Magnetic damping, 2545, 2591

see also Damper"Magnetic Damping" (article by Hitchins), 2190-2191Magnetic sc

definition, 258, 260German, 2746postal, 260, 2746

Magnifying lens, 889, 2132, 2137Maguire & Gatchell

dates, 1826succeeded by Maguire & Gatchell, Ltd, 1826successors of Gatchell, Robert & Sons, 1768

Maguire & Gatchell, Ltddates, 1826successors of Maguire & Gatchell, 1826

Mahloy, C, patentee, 679Mahoney, Eugene(Gene)P, ISASC Member, 3221-3223,

3228Mahoney, Eugene P (bibliography), 2476Mahoney's

"Colonial American W & M" (article), 1135-1140, 1855-1860

Hopken, query, 1554

"John P. Gruber & Competitors" (article), 2551-2553"Old Tenor-New Tenor-Again" (article), 2472-2476"Stamping Coin-Weights" (article), 1470

Maiben, Joseph M & Codates, 1826precision bal mkr, 1821precision bal retailer, 1826scientific instrument mkr, 1821see also catalogue

Maiden Lane, 1745Mail coach, 1222, 1228Mailway, postal sc, 505Maison Exupère of Paris

assay bal mkr, 2497Aubry & George, successors, 2497

Maistros, Lucile Maurice, biography, 2807Maistros' "The Way We Were-The Way It Is" (article),

2804-2807Majorana, theory of, 2218"Making Scales" (article on Chatillon), 333-338, 447-452Making Scales & Weights, from Diderot (1758), 468-476Makins,' Manual of Metallurgy, 2115, 2120Makins, G H

assay balance, 2115-2121, 2152-2155assayer, 2115

to Anglo-Mexican Mint, 2115to Bank of England, 2115

biography, 2115-2121design for assay balance, 2115discussions with Oertling, Ludwig, 2118inventor of dental gold, 2115lattice beam, 1745, 2120, 2154production model assay balance, 2113-2121, 2152-

2155agate and ivory arrestor, 2152agate bearings, 2155owned by Morris, Tony, 2113-2121, 2152-2155pan-hanger, 2152

prototype assay balance, 2113-2121, 2152-2155first made by Oertling, 2117-2119

scientific adviser to Bate, 2115Makins, George Hogarth, 2115Malachite, on base, 1287Malay gold sc, 625-626Malayan sc, 249, 625Mallis'

"American Counterfeit Coin Detectors" article, 12-15"American Patent ccds" article, 786-788, 818-820, 840-

842, 875-876, 902-904, 930-932, 962-964, 990-992, 1018-1020

Counterfeit Coin Detecting Devices of the US (review), 87

Diamond sc (letter to editor), 1142European wts (letter), 88"Introduction to Coin Weights" (article), 1602-1608"Old Tenor" (article), 356-360response to "English Colonial Scales" Part, 3, 1879-

1880"Unpatented American Counterfeit Coin Detectors"

(article), 2059-2066Mallis, George A, 87, 356-360, 786-787, 986, 1066, 1607,

1796, 1846

obituary, 2456Mallis,George, 3198Malta see weights, denominationMalter's

"Collecting Ancient Weights" (article), 308-310Mediaeval nesting wts (note), 1796-1797"My Bankers' Scale; A rarity by H Sutcliff & Co."

(article), 2679-2682Maltese sc & wts, 864-868Maltese wts mkr, Dragon, 865Manchester mark with O M, 1957, 1978, 1981, 2031Manchet, Jules Auxene, patentee, 1370, 1376Manchet bread, 1052Mancur, mkr, Salter, Geo & Co, 434, 438Mancur bal

alternative names, 1863definition, 258, 260made illegal, 22stamped for trade use, 1873Wiedeman's bal, 1864see also C-spring

"Mancur balances" (article by Stevenson), 431-435"Mancurs" (article by Stein & Crawforth), 1863-1876Manorial court, Slaithwaite, 1035Manors, definition, 1895Mansfield

maker of roberval postal scale, 3291-3292roberval postal scale

base on, 3291-3292description, 3291-3292label on, 3291-3292made in Dublin, 3291-3292trademark, 3291-3292weight tray on, 3291-3292weights on, 3291-3292

Mansfield, W, postal sc retailer, 1826, 3291-3292Mantell, Samuel

apprentice of Hart, Joseph II, 1736apprentice of Snart, John I, 1736dates, 1736

Manual, U S Dept Agriculture's Egg Grading Manual (1977), 413

Manuel des Poids Monetaires by Dieudonne (review), 87, 186

Manufacturing Development Co, Gibson parcel sc sample mkr, 2917

MapBaltic Sea, 2380Barfoot & Wilkes 1792, 248Fenlands, 2959Hacienda de Desagravio, 2903Holwood 1792, 248northwestern South America, 2904Roques 1746, 248Stow's Wards & Liberties c 1600, 248

Mapletoft, Bryan, biography, 3504Maranville, H

American ccd mkr, 13-14, 761, 763, 903-904, 1029, 2060

American ccd patentee, 761, 818-820, 1029, 2060ccd, 13-14, 763, 1029ccd patentee, 763, 818-820, 903

coin steelyard mkr, 1029Marble

bases, 3293-3305box, 1742candlesticks, 3295chimney-pieces, 3295column, 1453funerary tablets, 3295pedestals, 3295pillars, inverted roberval, 1453plates, American, 1442scale bases, 3293-3305scrapwork, 3295statues, 3295tables, 3295tazzas, 3295tool by Watson,Henry, 3295vases, 3295

Marble itemswith engraved drawings, 3295with etched drawings, 3295with gold oemolu, 3295

Marc, E C, coin operated sc patentee, 2453, 2455Marc, Edmond Casimir, coin operated sc mkr, 2455Mardon, A H

paper scale retailer, 1692, 1697-1698, 1704-1705paper seller, 1695pendulum sc retailer, 1697see also catalogue

Margeson (author), 1613Mari I crowned, C-spring mkr, 1875Maria see weights, monarch, Mary of G BMarion, Auguste & Co., 2645-2646Marion & Co

dates, 1723pendulum sc mkr, 512, 1257, 1406, 2956, 3032, 3152possibly M & Co, 133, 484, 509, 512, 2956postal sc, 133, 484, 1255, 1257, 1361, 2645-2646,

2956, 3006, 3032, 3152, 3348retailer, 2645-2646, 2956

"Marion & Co. Parcel Scale" (article), 2956Marion postal sc, description, 3348Mark

Bruges, 1991Cologne, 1990German coin, 1177Tower, 1990

Mark & Berg sc, 619articles by Moennig, 26-31, 61-65

Market & Fairs Clauses, 1847, 44Market sc

mkr, Fairbanks & Co, 109spring, 336steelyard, 332

MarketsClerk of the, 730Weigh Master, 730

marking on bilateral scale, OEST.P, 1766, 3181-3182, 3190-3195

Marks on weights (article), 1004-1007Marlin, A à Joue

butchers sc mkr, 758

French sc mkr, 757-758successor of Marlin, Alexandre, 757variable beam steelyard, 758

Marlin, AlexandreFrench sc mkr, 758succeeded by Marlin, A à Joue, 757

Marlow see Young, Son & MarlowMarriott, trade mark, 1885Marriott, Frederick, successor of Marriott & Crowe, 1884Marriott, Henry

animal sc mkr, 1883butchers sc mkr, 1883crane sc mkr, 1903dates, 1465, 1725, 1882elliptical spring sc mkr, 1882kitchen sc mkr, 1883multiple elliptical spring sc mkr, 1884partner of Siebe, A, 1882person sc mkr, 1903sack sc mkr, 1883spring bal mkr, 66, 1465-1466, 1725, 1876, 1882stove mkr, 1725succeeded by Marriott & Crowe, 1884trade card, 1883warehouse sc mkr, 1883

Marriott, William Adolphuspartner of Pooley, Henry & Sons, 1885platform sc mkr, 1885spring bal mkr, 1885successor of Marriott & Crowe, 1885

Marriott & Crowespring bal mkr, 1885succeeded by Marriot, T William Adolphus, 1885succeeded by Marriott, Frederick, 1884successors of Marriott, Henry, 1884

Marsh, Elizabethcoin sc mkr, 242date, 1738master of Brock, Richard, 1738master of Court, Richard I, 242, 1738master of Evitt, John, 1738successor of Marsh, John, 1738widow of Marsh, John, 1738

Marsh, Johnapprentice of Hewins, Richard, 1738dates, 1738husband of Marsh, Elizabeth, 1738succeeded by Marsh, Elizabeth, 1738

Marshall, Son & Co, 3477Marshall (author), 1613Marsh's Clip a Bright Guinea (review by Holroyd), 2446Marson, Lucio, biography, 2188Marson's

"Finding a Latvian Steelyard" (article), 2377-2380"More Reflections on Dr. Fitch" (article), 2185-2188"Russian Nesting Weights 2" (article), 1426-1435

Marston, Johndate, 1508sc mkr, 1508

Marston, N B, patentee, 669, 671Martin see Brady & MartinMartin, Benjamin

author, 299-303, 1310, 1719coin sc mkr, 269, 310, 1300, 1718coin sc retailer, 1300dates, 303, 1724dot'chin, 1853, 2688hydrostatical sc mkr, 269, 1304, 1718Monied Man's Vade Mecum, 299-303, 1719precision bal mkr, 1821scientific instrument mkr, 1300, 1821steelyard mkr, 269, 299-303, 310, 1686, 1718-1719,

2688see also catalogue

Martin, Benjamin (author), 299-303, 1310, 1719Martin, F H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Martin, H, pot plate, 1444Martin, Henry

The Perfect trademark, 1444trade sc mkr, 1444

Martin, Johnapprentice of Tadloo, Joseph, 1733dates, 1733

Martin, Sir Richard, Warden of the Mint, 984Martin, William, patentee, 2089, 2090Martin, William Hood

apprentice of Moffett, James Thomas, 1739dates, 1739

Martini, reversible bismar, 1030Martini, M, coin operated sc patentee, 2452Martin's, "Monied Man's Vade Mecum" (article), 299-303Mary, Queen of Great Britain, 984Mary Queen of Scots, 3211Maryland W & M, 1136Marylebone mark, 1928Mascot egg grader, 3307, 3310

turkey egg scale, 3310advertisement for, 3310

see also Prospectus Mfg CoMaskelyne, Rev Nevil, astronomer Royal, 327Mason see Standley, Belcher & MasonMason, John, Judge, patent commissioner, 2819Mason, Thomas

dates, 1826magnetic bal retailer, 1754scientific instrument mkr, 1826

MassBritish national standard for, 2219equivalence of inertial, 2219gravitation, 2219

Mass stabilised pans, 233-234, 1231definition, 259see also Schickert's principle

Mass standards in ancient Peru, table of, 2913Massachusetts Association of Sealers of Weights &

Measures, watch fob, 3516Massachusetts Bay Colony, 357-360, 1135-1140Masterman, John, exporter, 1489Masters see Starratt & MastersMastersign, orb & cross, 1899Material, pans, 1287, 1292Mathews, A B, apprenticing Dutton, Joseph, 3240Mathivet,Jean Victor, American patentee, 3383Matlock marble

cleaningAntique Marble Wax, 3305boiled linseed oil, 3305

cleaning method, 3305construction method, 3298-3302design

floral, 3297-3302funny, 3297geometric, 3303-3304patchwork, 3296scrapwork, 3295, 3297-3302, 3304-3305

method of manufacture, 3298-3302objects made from, 3303-3304

"Matlock Marble" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins & Thomas), 3295-3305

Matlock marble bases, 3293-3305Matlock marble scale

makerBedington, 3301Mordan, 3293-3305Setten & Durward, 3298, 3300-3303, 3305Townshend, 3293-3305Winfield, 3304

Matlock materialblue slag, 3297colored glass, 3300Connemara marble, 3299-3300coral, 3297, 3300floral design plates, 3297florentine green marble, 3300glass, 1262, 1632, 1634, 1649, 3297imitation-aventurine, 3300inlaid stone, 3293-3305lapis-lazuili, 3300malachite, 3293-3297, 3299-3300, 3302marble, 3293-3305mother-of-pearl, 663, 3300Russian malachite, 3295-3297, 3300-3304shell, 3299-3305turquois, 3300

Matos, Louis AAmerican patentee, 3115-3118improvement to Harris, Sandy's patent, 3115-3117

Matthews,' "R & L Layton (Scalemakers)" (article), 3318Matthews, John

apprentice of Court, Richard II, 1738apprentice of Court, Richard II, 1738apprentice of Sleigh, Richard, 1738-1739

Matthews' "Sales Aids & Awards" (article), 3326-3329Mattocks, 2438Mattocks, Charles Meares

apprentice of Peck, John, 1731apprentice of Webb, Richard William, 1731dates, 1731succeeded by Mattocks & Son, 1731

Mattocks & Sonapothecary sc mkr, 1731date, 1731succeeded by Mattocks Automatic Scale Ltd, 1731successors of Mattocks, Charles Meares, 1731

Mattocks & Son Ltd, successors of Mattocks Automatic Scale Ltd, 1731

Mattocks Automatic Scale Ltdcounter sc mkr, 1731dates, 1731succeeded by Mattocks & Son Ltd, 1731successors of Mattocks & Son, 1731

Mattock's Scales, advertising bank, 3326Maul, 2450Maul, Jacob, 980

puck, 1656Maul, Jakob

dates, 1656JM trademark, 1656pendulum sc mkr, 980postal sc, 980trade name JMAZ, 979, 1656trade name Macito, 1656trade name Puck, 1656

Maul, Philipp Friedrich, manager of Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1659

Maul, Philipp Jakobapothecary sc mkr, 1654article by Crawforth, D, 1627-1636, 1649-1661article by Lindner, 1614-1622asparagus sc mkr, 1655bilateral postal sc mkr, 361, 1627-1636catalogue analysed, 1909ccd for five-mark, 1618ccd mkr, 1614-1622, 2066ccd with clip-on poise, 1618ccd with hinged beam, 1618ccd with sliding poise for pfennigs lost, 1619-1620ccd with spirit level, 1619-1620chemical bal mkr, 559, 1076chemical sc mkr, 559, 1076cigar sc mkr, 1659Columbus trade mark, 361, 1652comparison with Avery ccd, 1615counter sc mkr, 1655counting scale maker, 1655dates, 1614egg sc, 383, 415, 1659established 1874, 1660Exactus trade name, 1660export agent, Albrecht & Richter, 1627export to England, 1627, 1653export to Russia, 1627Fertig, 1655-1656flexure spring bal, 1933graduations wide for small units & narrow for large

units, 1657-1658half roberval & poise mkr, 1649household spring sc retailer, 1630kitchen sc mkr, 1654kitchen sc retailer, 1656M in star, trademark date, 1634manager Maul, Philipp Friedrich, 1659paper & postal scale maker, 1700paper scale maker, 1614, 1654, 1692, 1698-1700parcel sc mkr, 1076, 1652, 1655patentee, 1620pendulum sc mkr, 360-361, 415, 559, 1076, 1409,

1627-1636, 1649-1666, 1698-1700, 3323

pendulum sc patentee, 1633, 1655, 1660pendulum sc three on one stand, 1660pendulum sc two on one stand, 1660pendulum sc with inkwells, 1683photographic sc mkr, 1654-1656Portax trade name, 1660postal & paper scale maker, 1700postal bilateral pendulum, 361postal equal-arm, 1627, 1628postal flexure spring sc mkr, 1651postal pendulum, 1409, 1627-1634, 1649-1661postal roberval, 1627precision inst mkr, 1614Rictus trade mark, 559, 1633rocker coin sc mkr, 3005spring bal mkr, 1630-1631spring sc retailer, 1630trademark M in circle, 1617trademark M in star, 1628trademark PH J M, 1627, 1661trademark Portax, 1660trademark Ur Maul, 1660waistcoat-pocket letter sc, 1933wall-mounted, 1657wts mkr, 1659yarn bal mkr, 1654see also catalogue

Maury, Matthew, 2535Maw, Son & Mawson, apothecary sc retailer, 1726Mawson see Maw, Son & MawsonMax d'or see weights, denominationMaxwell, James Clerk, 2267Maxwell, W, weigh scoop patentee, 492Mayer, Johann Friedrich

coin sc mkr, 436-437dates, 436

Mayhew (author), 1613Mazak alloy, 1645McConnell, Dr. Anita, 2245McCord,A C

owner of Chicago Scale Co, 3460owner of Mason Davis Stove Co, 3460successor to Chicago Scale Co, 3460

McCraight, Charlessucceeded by McCraight, Charles & Son, 1735successor of McCraight, Richard, 1735

McCraight, Charles & Sonsucceeded by Hargrave & McCraight, 1735successor of McCraight, Charles, 1735

McCraight, John Charlesapprentice of Thompson, John I or II, 1735father of McCraight, Richard, 1735succeeded by McCraight, Richard, 1735

McCraight, Richardapprentice of Wynn, John, 1735prolific wts mkr, 1735son of McCraight, John Charles, 1735succeeded by McCraight, Charles, 1735successor of McCraight, John Charles, 1735

McEwen, magnetic bal designer, 1826McGiehan, I S, patentee, 621McHart, John C, assignor, 2863

McKenzie, Alexanderdates, 1727grain sc mkr, 1727scientific instrument mkr, 1727

McKesson & Robbins, see also catalogueMcKiernan, B, weigh scoop patentee, 492McKinley,Fredrick Mfg Co, coin op scale mkr, 3260McLean & Son, postal sc retailer, 428McNally, American ccd inventor, 2066, 2410McNally, J T, ccd, 15McNally, J T & Harrison, W H, American patentee, 962McNally & Harrison, ccd mkr, 15, 2059, 2209-2211Meade, Gerald E "Red," biography, 2432Meade, Red, 2423, 2432, 2436, 2462, 2476Meade's, Destruction of Sc (photo), 555Measure

combined with bismar, 823Imperial, 2562Imperial quart, 2280mkr

Pickering, James II, 1831Pratt, Josiah, 1137

Measure combined with bismar, 823Measure mkr

Pickering, James II, 1831Pratt, Josiah, 1137

Measures, 2251, 2266, 2279-2280, 2362-2364Measures Weights & Monies of All Nations by Woolhouse

(review), 188Mechi, postal sc retailers, 938Medhurst, George

address next to Siebe, Augustus, 1886advert, 2600dates, 1735, 2600inventor of roberval sc, 134, 1547, 2600patent scales mkr, 2600patentee, 134, 2600succeeded by Medhurst, T F & F, 1735trade sc mkr, 134, 2600

Medhurst, T F & Faddress next to Siebe, Augustus, 1886dates, 1735Medhurst, Thomas Figgins & Medhurst, Francis, 1735succeeded by Medhurst Bros & Co, 1735successors of Medhurst, George, 1735

Medhurst, Thomasdates, 1735successors of Medhurst Bros & Co, 1735

Medhurst Bros & Codates, 1735at same address as Herbert, T & Sons, 1735succeeded by Medhurst, Thomas, 1735successors of Medhurst, T F & F, 1735

"Mediaeval Bronze Beam"article by Crawforth, D, 1609-1613article by Stevenson, 1566-1569

"Mediaeval Manuscript, 1300s," 2182Mediaeval Nesting Weights

note by Malter, 1796-1797query by Holtman, 1751-1752

Mediaeval Nesting Weights (query by Holtman), 1751-1752

"Mediaeval Weights & Measures" (article by Kelley), 776-783

Medicines, weighing for, 2050-2053Medium of choice, 3148Medwin, Thomas

apprentice of Gore, Thomas Hunsdon, 1738apprentice of Williams, Thomas I, 1738dates, 1738

Meek, Gordon, collector, 2956Mees, A B, patentee, 651Mehler, Charles, American sc mkr, 3116Mehler & Dell, American sc mkr, 3116Mehlman's Weights & Scales (review), 163Melamed, Palestinian sc mkr, 910Mellard, wts mkr, 810Melliship & Harris, postal sc retailer, 512"Meloney Automatic Registering Milk Scale"(article by

Schmidt), 3359-3366Meloney Automatic Registering Milk scales, 2490, 3359-

3366, 3422ad for, 2490box for, 2489, 2491, 3359decal on, 2492, 3361-3362double deck, 3366history of, 3359-3366instruction label for, 3364, 3366made by Dairymen's Supply Co., 3363-3366mechanism of, 2492, 3360patent for, 3360-3362, 3365record cards for, 3359recording process for, 3363see alsoLindemann,Ottocartrademark for, 3361use of, 2491, 3362-3363

Melot & Putzeysbaby sc mkr, 1293-1294Begian sc mkr, 1293-1294béranger mkr, 1293béranger sc mkr, 1293

Mendeléef see MendeleevMendeleev, Prof D I, 2078-2080, 2591, 2593-2597

dates, 643death, 2080inventor of Stollnreuther circular arrestment, 643, 2593

Mendeléjew see MendeleevMendeleyeff see MendeleevMendeleyev see MendeleevMercantile pound, 1346, 1990-1995Merchant's, advertising postal sc, 3028-3029Merckle, George, 3228Merckley, Jacob, 3228Mercury

finial, 1295poise, 1289

Merkzeichen der Nürnberger Rotschmiede by Lockner (review), 557

Merlin, Charlespatentee, 721platform sc mkr, 721roberval sc, 197roberval sc mkr, 2487

Merlin, John Joseph, 2451, 2487

Belgian sc mkr, 694, 887, 1685, 1724, 1760, 2451from Belgium, 1724centesimal sc mkr, 887coin sc mkr, 1685, 1724, 1760dates, 1724person sc mkr, 1720, 1724platform sc mkr, 694, 2451steelyard mkr, 1685steelyard with micrometer, 1685watch mkr, 1724

Mermod, Jaccard & CoAmerican sc retailer, 1668pendulum sc retailer, 1668

Mersey Docks & Harbour Board, inspecting wts, 44Mery, M L, weigh scoop patentee, 492"Mesmerised by Sartorius" (article by Allgeier et al), 2542-

2547Messmer, H E, paper scale retailer, 1692, 1697-1698Metal

relative density, 2732table of, 2732

Metal Spec Mfg CoAmerican sc mkr, 1933-1935flexure spring sc mkr, 1933-1935

Metcalf (author), 6, 134, 169Methuen Treaty, 915, 1060, 1067Methylated spirits, definition, 1272Metric System, 3148Metric system for G B, Gregory Isaac, 1108Metric wts legalised, 614, 633Metrication in UK, 1074Metro

succeeded by Taylor, 3011-3012successor to Hanson Scales, 3010-3011

Metro Scales, selling to Wal-mart, 3011Mettez & Cie, 2435Mettler, E, precision bal mkr, 702Mettler-Toledo, American scale maker, 3317Metze, German grain measure, 51Mexico, Irish name for reale, 1848Meyer & Co, 2628Meyer,Frederick, partner of Troemner, Henry, 3199Meyers, M & Son

pen nib mkr, 2854-2855postal sc mkr, 2855

Meyers & CoAmerican ccd mkr, 764, 2061ccd mkr, 764Meyer, Frederick & Troemner, Henry, 2061, 2628succeeded by Troemner, Henry, 2061, 2628

Meymott, Clement Icoin sc mkr, 242, 247, 808dates, 1737master of Everitt, George, 1737master of Rubidge, James, 1737second husband of Read, Mercy, 242, 1737succeeded by Meymott, Mercy, 1737

Meymott, Mercycoin sc mkr, 242, 247, 808dates, 808, 1737"Late Read," 1745partner of Porter, John, 1737

succeeded by Meymott & Porter, 1737successor of Meymott, Clement, 1737widow of Meymott, Clement, 242widow of Read, Joseph, 242

Meymott, Samuelapothecary sc mkr, 1737dates, 1737successor of Meymott & Son, 1737

Meymott & Portercoin sc mkr, 1737dates, 1737Meymott, Mercy & Porter, John, 1737succeeded by Meymott & Son, 1737successors of Meymott, Mercy, 1737

Meymott & Sondates, 1737Meymott, Clement II & Meymott, Samuel, 1737succeeded by Meymott, Samuel, 1737successors of Meymott & Porter, 1737

MG C, C-spring mkr, 1875"MI Scales Shaped Case Law" (article by Lawrence), 3255-

3257Michael & Son, beam sc mkr, 2314"Michael's Favourites" (article by Crawforth), 1413-1420Michalet, E M & Dupas, H G, patentee, 1370, 1905Michell, Rev J, mathematician, 327Michigan, resources of, 3239Michigan Automatic Weighing Mach Co, MI sc mkr, 3034"Michigan Coin Operated Scales" (article by Berning),

3259-3260Michigan Dairy & Food Comission, 3422Michigan Optical Co see Comerford, Thomas FMichigan sc mkr, 3034

Barnes Scale Co, 3034Caille Bros Co, 3034Caille Brothers Co, 3034Caille Co, 3034Detroit Automatic Scale Co

Detroit, 3034Elkhart, IN, 3034

Detroit Computing Scale Co, 3034Detroit Scale Mfg Co, 3034Dutton, J B Mfg Co, 3034Grand Rapids Brass Works, 3034Grand Rapids Veneer Works, 3034Larkin, James, 3034Michigan Automatic Weighing Machine Co, 3034Standard Computing Scale Co, 3034Stimpson, W F & Co, 3034Stimpson, W F Co, 3034

Detroit, 3034Stimpson Scale & Mfg Co

Milan, 3034Northville, 3034

StimpsonComputing Scale Co, 3034Michigan scale, first, 3243Michigan Scale Co, 3244

advertisement, 3244Michigan scale inventors, 3243Michigan scale makers, 3243Michigan scales

bag holder, 3245

baggage scale for trunks, 3244computing scales, 3237-3248, 3261-3263hydrostatic scale, 3245mail weighing scale, 3245press to pack and weigh bran, 3245recording dairy scale, 3245

Micro balbeam length, 5definition, 3, 6, 752mkr

Becker's Sons, 843Oertling, 5

see also Precision balMicrometer sc, 14, 217, 360-361, 758, 2685, 2687

mkrComputing Scale Co, 217Dodge Sc Co, 361, 505, 2685Merlin, John Joseph, 1685

nationalityAmerican, 217, 361, 505, 2685British, 1685German, 758

steelyard, 1373, 2685Microscope, Starke & Kammerer, 872Middle Tenor, U S coinage, 358Middlesex mark, 1978

seaxes, three, 1926Three Seaxes, 1926

Middleton, James, wt mkr, 638Migel

Pedrocoin scale

description of, 2995weights of, 2995

coin scale mkr, 2995lantern sight-hole shears mkr, 2995-2996

Mikrowaprecision bal mkr, 408, 409substitution bal mkr, 409

"Milanese Coin Scale-Boxes in 19th C" (article by Zavattoni), 2357-2361

Miles, author, 162Miles'

Contributions to Arabic Metrology (review), 188Early Arabic Glass Weights & Stamps (review), 188

Miles, William Henryapprentice of Peck, John, 1733at same address as Booth & Simmons, 1733succeeded by Booth & Simmons, 1747succeeded by Miles & Co, 1733successor of Hiatt, Sarah, 1733, 1746successor of London, Frederick Stephen, 1733, 1746

Miles & Coat same address as Allchin, Henry & Co Ltd, 1733at same address as Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733successors of Miles, William Henry, 1733

Milk, specific gravity of, 2489Milk meters, 3424Milk recorder sc mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543-544Milk sc, 2353, 2489-2492, 3359-3366, 3420-3425

accuracy of, 3424-3425definition, 259

goatspring, 2931-2933

Gascoigne, George, 2931-2933mkr, Precision Engineering Co, 2931-2933nationality, British, 2931-2933

retailerBeacon Feeds, 3423Better Farming Co, 3423Big Six Feeds, 3421Ful-O-Pep Feeds, 3425Globe Feeds, 3424Kasco Feeds, 3423Larro Feed, 3421Master Mix Feeds, 3424Milkream, 3422Pillsbury's Feeds, 3425Purina, 1039, 3424Sperry Suremilk, 3421Ubiko Feeds, 3425

spring, 543-544, 1039, 1595, 1599, 2931-2933, 3420-3425

steelyard, 1029variable beam, 1029

Milk sc mkrBaumgarten & Haerter's, 3421Chatillon, John & Sons, 88, 1595, 1599, 3420-3425Dairy Supply Co, 3425Dairyman's Supply Co, 223-224, 2489-2492Detecto, 3423Forschner, 3420, 3422Hanson, 3423, 3425Landers, Frary & Clark, 3422-3423Morton & Bremner's, 3421, 3423Pelouze, 3420, 3422, 3425Prutscher, A, 1029Salters, Geo & Co Ltd, 543, 3422Sargent & Co, 3420

milk tester, 3420milk testing, 3420Mill press, striking coins, 461Milled edge on coins, method of faking, 264Miller, Prof, restoration of pound, 2080Miller, W H, minerologist, 391Millward, John

dates, 638wts, 638

Miltiplo egg scales, 3333-3334description of, 3333-3334

Miners' assay scale, 3310Miners companion sc, 154Minoans, scale beam ends, 2144Mint

Boise City, 531Bordeaux, 862Cairo, 815Carson, 531Charlotte, 531Denver, 531Frankfurt, 104Guyenne, 863Helena, 531Indian, 104

Italian, 1100New Orleans, 531New York, 531Paris, 1623Philadelphia, 531Royal see Royal MintSan Francisco, 531, 1216Scottish, 2071Stuttgart, 104U S, 761see also Assay office, Mint

Mint sc mkr, Troemner, Henry, 1020Mint wts

mediaeval, 1990mkr, Oertling, Ludwig, 1038

Miquelard & Avranches, C-spring mkr, 1875Mirliton see weights, denomination, mirlitonMister, J W, witness for Harris, Sandy, 3115Mithqal see weights, denomination, mithqalMittelstenscheid, Iohann Caspar see Mittelstenscheid,

Johann CasparMittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar

apprentice of Braselman, Johann Petrus, 62coin sc mkr, 27, 31, 61-64dates, 63father of Mittelstenscheid, Peter Caspar, 62master of Mittelstenscheid, Peter Caspar, 62succeeded by Mittelstenscheid, Peter Caspar, 62trade card, 27

Mittelstenscheid, Peter Casparapprentice of Mittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar, 62brass founder, 62coin sc mkr, 28, 62-63dates, 63retained company name of Mittelstenscheid, Johann

Caspar, 62son of Mittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar, 62successor of Mittelstenscheid, Johann Caspar, 62

"MLS-Steelmar or bisyard" (article by Crawforth), 1026-1035

Mo see weights, denominationmobile and letter scale, 3265-3266Mocha-ware see beer measure"Model of Daniels' Patent 199,356 Platform Scale" (article

by Crawforth-Hitchins), 2821-2822"Model of Usher's Compensating Poise for Scale Beams"

(article by Crawforth-Hitchins & Berning), 2822Model Regulation Period, British, 2221Model Regulations see Board of TradeModèle Déposé, 3194Modern weighing systems., 2216Moeda, Portuguese coin, 1062Moffett, Elizabeth

coin sc mkr, 242, 248dates, 1734master of Blackburn, John I, 1585master of Heard, Thomas I, 1739master of White, William, 1739mother of Moffett, James Thomas, 242, 1583partner of Blackburn, John, 1734partner of Moffett, James Thomas, 1734succeeded by Moffett & Blackburn, 1734

successor of Moffett, James Thomas, 1734trade card, 1584widow of Moffett, James, 242, 1583

Moffett, Jamesapprentice of Swithin, John, 1583, 1734coin sc mkr, 242, 248, 592dates, 1734husband of Moffett, Elizabeth, 242, 1583master of Blackburn, John I, 1585master of Moffett, James Thomas, 1583master of Vandome, Richard, 1585succeeded by Moffett & Son, 1734in two Guilds, 1583

Moffett, James Thomasapprentice of Moffett. James, 1583coin sc mkr, 242, 248, 1581-1585dates, 1734master of Fletcher, Samuel, 1739master of Hodgetts, Samuel, 1739master of Martin, William Hood, 1739master of Pugh, William I (line omitted), 1733partner of Moffett, Elizabeth, 1734sc mkr, 3089sight-hole shears

lantern, 1581round, 1583

son of Moffett, Elizabeth, 242, 1583son of Moffett, James, 242, 1583steelyard mkr, 1583succeeded by Moffett, Elizabeth, 1734successor of Moffett & Son, 1734successor of Sangster, James, 1735trade card, 1583-1585in two Guilds, 1584weights mkr, 1583

Moffett, Thomas, is this Moffett, James Thomas?, 1584Moffett & Blackburn

coin sc mkr, 248dates, 1585, 1734Moffett, Elizabeth & Blackburn, John, 1734succeeded by Blackburn, John, 1734successors of Moffett, Elizabeth, 1734trade card, 1584

Moffett & Soncoin sc mkr, 1584dates, 1734Moffett, Elizabeth & Moffett, James Thomas, 1734succeeded by Moffett, James Thomas, 1734successors of Moffett, James, 1734trade card, 1585

Moidor see weights, denomination, moidoreMoidore

acceptance, 2068coin circulated in GB, 915

Moidore wts see weights, denominationMoisture content

laws on, 218sc

definition, 259, 260see also Percentage sc

Moisture scale, for paper, 3078Moisture tester

butter, 809mkr, Nichols, A S Co, 809spring, 543timber, 809yarn, 1150

Mokko see PointerMomme see weights, denominationMonarchs' marks

crowned C, 20, 985crowned E II R, 21crowned EDR, 3510crowned ER, 985crowned G, 856crowned GEo IV, 1926, 3509crowned GR IV, 3509crowned H, 21crowned H R, 20, 985crowned I, 985, 987crowned V R, 20definition, 20N over CD over crowned WR over JC, 3509see also weights, monarch

MonarchyAustrian-Hungarian, 3190-3191Donau, 3190-3191Hapsburg, 3190-3191

Monchicourt, Desire Valentine, patentee, 1370, 1399Monconys, B de

author, 610scientist, 574, 575

Mondwaage, 1863see also c-spring; mancur

Monetary pound, 1990Monetiform wts see weight, shape, monetiformMoney changer, Japanese print, 324Money-changers sc, 1497-1498, 1549-1552

Japanese, 224mkr, Nakabori, 326

Money operated sc see Coin operated scMoney Order Office, 1224Money sc see coin scMoney Scales & Weights by Sheppard & Musham (review),

87, 186Moneyweight

scale, 216-217, 2199-2208beams on, 2200-2201bearings on, 2200Computing Scale Co. mkr, 2199-2208conversion table on, 2205dates, 2199guarantee & instructions for, 2199-2201how to use, 2201-2203instructions for, 2201parts identification, 2202patent for, 2201platform

computing, 2199counter, 2199-2208price computing, 2199price-indicating, 2199, 2232

poises for, 2200price computing, 2199

rider poise for, 2201scoop use on, 2199-2208size, 2199swivel base on, 2204tare on, 2201tare poise for, 2201

Moneyweight Scale Co., 2206-2207Moneyweight Scale Co, 3250Moneyweight Scale Co.

letter head, 2207selling organization, 2206see also Dayton Moneyweight Scale Co.

"Monied Man's Vade Mecum," Martin, Benjamin, 299-303, 1719

"Monied Man's Vade Mecum" (article on Martin), 299-303Mönnig, Carl, biography, 2867Mönnig's

Indian Ocean Sc, letter, 281"Johann Langenberg Coin Scale" (article), 2866-2867

correction by Batz, 2942-2944"Money Scales of Berg & Mark" (article), 26-31, 61-65"Russian Nesting Weights" (article), 27

Mooij, J, Instrumenten, Wetenschap en Samenleving (1988), Thesis, 2184, 3287-3290

Moon's, "Bussey Questions" (article), 2087-2090Moore, Joseph

apprentice of Phillips, Walter, 1785apprentice of Picard, John, 1785

Moore, Lewisdates, 1827Irish sc mkr, 1827

Moore, William Iapprentice of Saunders, Robert, 1734dates, 1734

Moore, William IIdates, 1827Irish coin wts mkr, 1827

Moore & Thompson, weigh scoop patentee, 492Moore Talking Scale Co., 2459Moorhouse Ltd, household sc retailer, 1726Mordan

roberval, 3293-3305, 3295engraved, 3293-3305, 3295with scrapwork base, 3295, 3297

Mordan, F, 3023, 3076stonewear ink bottle, 3023, 3076

Mordan, Francis, 3076pen & pencil mkr, 3076

Mordan, Francis & Co, 3076pen & pencil mkr, 3076

Mordan, Sampson, 3155, 3156, 3291-3292, 3293-3305Mordan, Sampson & Co, 3076, 3291-3292, 3293-3305

A frame on, 2991, 3021, 3046, 3206-3208, 3302book on, 961boxed gold wts, 2987-2989cased wts, 424ccd mkr, 1684champleve base on, 3021, 3206-3208coin & postal sc, 130-133, 272, 353, 1233construction characteristics, 941, 2988, 3206-3208Crimea commemoration sc, 816dates, 935, 941, 1723

equal arm balance, 2985-2989equal arm balance mkr, 2985-2989extended pan legs on, 2991, 3021, 3206-3208gold scale, sight-hole shears on, 2988-2989gold scale mkr, 2985-2989gold wts, 2987-2989half-roberval & hanging pan, 255

registered design, 133jeweller's gold scale mkr, 2987, 2987-2989materials used by, 3294

abalone, 3294Buhl-work, 3294decorated malachite, 3294decorated marble, 3294gold, 3294onyx, 3294silver, 3294tortoiseshell, 3294

Old Advert, 937parcel sc mkr, 133, 938, 942partners' scale mkr, 3041-3042, 3055, 3080porcelain base, 1454porcelain plaques, 1454postal sc mkr, 125, 131, 353, 663, 681-691, 708, 821,

933-950, 993, 1231, 1287, 1292, 1481-1483, 1683, 2057, 2282, 2589, 2643-2644, 2957-2958, 2985-2986, 3019, 3021, 3031, 3041-3042, 3046-3055, 3069-3070, 3155-3157, 3206-3208, 3291-3292, 3293-3305

protective pads on, 3021roberval retailed by Austin, 1758roberval sc mkr, 131, 663, 681-691, 933-950, 1231,

1667-1668, 1680, 1683, 2057, 2957-2958, 2986, 3019, 3021, 3206-3208

roberval with box-base, 3049, 3080roberval with encased stays, 1481-1482, 3049, 3080rocker mkr, 1684S M silver hallmark, 1678shelf-edge sc mkr, 237silver mechanism, 2281-2282sovereign wts, 1936, 2987-2988spring bal, 1233, 1684steelyard mkr, 652, 1677, 3069-3070tortoise-shell base, 2281-2282Wedgwood plaques, 1454weight, knobbed, 3049, 3080weight characteristics, 3022-3023, 3046-3055weight denomination

1/2 oz, 3049, 3050, 30541/4 oz, 3050, 30541 oz, 3049, 3052, 30541/P, 3048, 3051, 30532 lbs, 30512 oz, 3046, 3049, 3052, 30542/P, 3048, 3051, 30533/P, 30484 lbs, 30464 oz, 3049, 30524/P, 3048, 3051-30534 tola, 30475 lb, 30466 oz, 3046, 3052

8 oz, 30528 oz D/3, 30548/P, 3048, 3051, 30538 tola, 30478P, 30488P 4 oz, 305410 oz, 3046, 305210 sovereign oz/2 dwt/11 1/4, 305412 oz, 305216/P, 305120 sovereign oz/5 dwt/2 1/2, 3054F, 3048-3049, 3051, 3053F/P, 3050FP, 3050grammes, 3049oz, 1, 3049-3050oz/2 4/P D/1 1/2, 3054oz-1, 3047, 3049oz 1/2, 3049-3050oz-1/2 1P, 3047oz 1/2F, 3049oz 1/3, 3048-3050oz 1/4, 3049-3050oz-1/4 F, 3047oz-1 1/2 3P, 3047oz-1 2P, 3047oz 2/3, 3048-3050oz-4, 3047, 3052oz-6, 3052oz-8, 3052oz-10, 3052oz-12, 3046, 3052oz-16, 3052

weight finishes, 3046weight placement, 3046weight rule exceptions, 3055weight rules, 3055weight sizes, 3022-3023weight storage, 3046weight types, 3022-3023weight with folding box, 3053weight with storage compartment below, 3051weight with storage drawer below, 3053Zulu wars commemorative, 1233

Mordan, Sampson I, 3076Mordan, Sampson II, 3023Mordan & Langhorn, patentee, 652Mordan jeweller's scale

lever on, 2988sight-hole shears on, 2988support hanger on, 2988

Mordan retailerHowell & James, 2990-2993, 3021Waterlow & Sons, 2998-3006

Mordanavery, Augustus, 3023, 3076More, Ken, egg sc retailer, 920"More Flexure Springs" (article by Crawforth, D), 1902-

1910, 1931-1935, 1964-1966, 1984-1986"More Interesting Scales in UK Agricultural Museums"

(article by Sharpe), 3442-3443"More 'Irish' (Netherlands) Steelyards" (article by

Holtman), 1897-1900

"More Mordan Weights" (article by a Crawforth), 3046-3055

"More Mordan Weights 1" (article by Robinson), 3080"More Mordan Weights 2" (article by Rangeley), 3080"More Nesting Weights" (article), 2529, 2531, 2532"More oil-damping" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 2167"More oil-damping" (article by Morris), 2166"More on Union Scales," response by Newall, 1877"More on Weighing Silver Coins" (article), 2401-2402"More Reflections on Dr. Fitch" (article by Marson), 2185-

2188"More Saddled Steelyards" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins),

2381-2387"More Solder Scales" (article by Crawforth), 2550"More Solder Weighing" (article by Rangeley), 2549Morehead, J H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Morgan (author), 728Morgan, Charles

dates, 1732sc & wts mkr, 1732succeeded by Morgan, Charles & Sons, 1732successor of Morgan, Joseph Walter?, 1732

Morgan, Charles & Sonssc mkr, 1732successors of Morgan, Charles, 1732

Morgan, Joseph Walterapprentice of Burchfield, Thomas, 1732dates, 1732sc & wts mkr, 1732succeeded by Morgan, Charles?, 1732

Morris see Whitehead, Morris & CoMorris, Tony, biography, 2166Morris' "More oil-damping" (article), 2166Morrison-Low's "George Arstall" (article), 2003-2014Morse see Fairbanks, Morse & CoMorse, Charles H, 3065Morton, Thomas, sc mkr, advert, 2552Morton & Bremner, spring bal mkr, 1555Morvan, wts mkr, 638Morvan, G & B, bread, sc mkr, 1089Moses' Cough Drops, produced by Hoadley, 2099Mosley, Oswald, 1957

Lord of Manor of Manchester, 1957see also Manchester mark with O M

Moss'"The Stimpson Weighs"(timeline), 3250-3251"What Happened to Walter?" (article), 3242, 3246-

3249, 3255Moss see Dutton & MossMoss, Greg, 3239Moss & Schmidt's "In Search of Michigan Scale Makers"

(letter), 3034Mothe, J & Cie, coin operated sc importer, 2454-2455Motor, 1213Moul, H E, patentee, 679Mould, inspectors, 120Moulded seal see verificationMount Tacoma Mfg Co, 381-382

egg sc mkr, 1312steelyard mkr, 1312see also A B F

Mountford

coin sc mkr, 1476, 1508dates, 1508

Mountford, Henry, 1508see also Mountford, Humphrey

Mountford, Humphreycoin sc mkr, 1508dates, 1508sc mkr, 1508wts mkr, 1508

Mountford, I, coin sc mkr, 1508Mountford, William

coin sc mkr, 1476, 1508coin wts mkr, 1476

Mouse, definition, 259Movable load point scales, 2911Moving load

hydrostatical sc, 1033sc, 2715-2718

coin, 236, 990, 1034, 1310-1311, 2716-2718definition, 1026-1035, 1032ease of use, 1369egg, 1034, 2716-2717fixed poise, 2716geologists, 1033, 2718hydrostatic, 576, 1033, 2715inventor, Walker, 1033mkr

Berrian Mfg Co, 1034, 2718Bradford Darby & Hulls, 1310, 1311Cass, J A, 576, 2715Greaves & Son, 236, 1032Harris, William & Co, 1034Harrison, 1034Poupard, William, 621Richtmann, C, 990, 2718

nationalityAmerican, 2716, 2718English, 2716-2718French, 2716German, 2716Greco-Turkish, 2717

patent, 650patentee

Monchicourt, D V, 1399Poupard, William, 2717Richtmann, C, 990, 2717-2718Saltinstall-Taylor T & H, 650, 2716Suffield, S W, 2718Thompson, J A, 2718

patmoving load, sc, postal, 621, 990, 1032, 1399, 2716-2717

postal, 621, 990, 1032, 1399, 2716-2717postal & coin, 2718rocker, 1034, 2717shelf-edge, 1032, 2716specific gravity, 2718yarn, 1175

Moy, Thomas, weighing machine mkr, 1725Mozart, 3148Mr Peanut see person scMulti-beam, unequal arm, 217Multi-beam rocker, 227, 381, 383, 413

Multi-beam steelyard, 224, 232, 2199-2209Multi-beamed scale, 2199-2209Multiplo Egg Scale, 3333-3334

description, 3333-3334Municipal boroughs, 1982Municipal Corporations, 1926Munson Proportional Balancing Scale, 3262Muntgewichten Voor Munten Van de Nederlanden by

Houben (review), 402Munzrat Warden, 3145Murcott, Theophilus

anglers sc mkr, 1726dates, 1726

Murdoch, Jamescoin operated sc mkr, 2451coin operated sc patentee, 2451

Murray (author), 2072Murray, T S, patentee, 678Murrill, Howard, biography, 2948Murrill's "Langley De-Liar" (article), 2945-2948Museum

Aberdeen Museum, Hooper postal bismar, 1720Alexandria Masonic Memorial, Fairfax Co Standards,

1860American Numismatic Society, carob seeds, 162Art Institute of Chicago, Peruvian weights, 2903-2904Aschaffenburg Schlossmuseum, Sessler's spring bal,

429-430, 1864Balingen Bizerba Zollernschloss, varied, 50Basel Schweizerisches Pharmacie-historisches

Museum, Berg coin sc, 64Belfast Ulster Museum

Hand coin sc, 1801Irish coins, 1778

Birmingham Avery Historical Museum3 elliptical springs, 1885apothecary wts, 832arrow sc, 869Avery catalogue c1835, 1580coin weights, glass, 2151elliptical spring bal, 1869Indian rati seeds, 2447knipwaage, 2447Newman catalogue n.d., 1828ornate postal steelyard, 1225Pooley catalogue c1851, 1664Salter mancur, 434Siebe lyre-spring bal, 1466, 1888small steelyard, 1379

Birmingham Museum of Science & Industry, 2597Bordeaux Customs Museum, great beam, 858Bradford Bolling Hall, Merlin person sc, 1720Braunschweig Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt,

Bunge's assay bal, 792Broadway Snowshill Manor

Braby spring bal, 1915coin sc, 1590coin wts, 1938

Brook Agricultural MuseumBeach beam, 3442-3443Marriott circular spring balance, 3442-3443Pooley beam, 3442-3443

wood grain measures, 3442-3443Bruges Gruuthuse Museum, early mediaeval wts, 1993,

2019Buxton Museum & Art Gallery, Matlock marble, 3305Cambridge Harvard University, Dearborn's gold bal,

1189, 1211-1216Cambridge UK Whipple Museum

Crosby coin sc, 1761Gardner coin sc, 1305-1306Pickering coin sc, 1831Robinson precision bal, 1215

Castle MuseumYork

England, 2142Lane rocker, 2142

Cesaria Maritima Sdot-Yam Kibbutz, Talent of St Mary, 1332-1339

Chicago Field Museum of Natural History, Roman bismar, 823

Co Durham Beamish Museum, Troy wts, 1937Co Roscommon Strokestown Park House, early

steelyard, 1847Detroit Historical Museum, Stimpson spring balance,

3227-3228donating to, 971, 1037Dresden-Zwinger Staatl Math-Physic Salon, Hahn's

triple load-position pendulum sc, 609Edinburgh National Museum of Scotland

Adie's grain sc, 1717Avery's paper sc, 1694Braby pendulum sc, 1914Lockhart's coin sc, 2068-2069Lumsden's coin sc, 2070mediaeval lead wt, 1993Napier's bullion bal, 105

Edinburgh Royal Museum of Scotland see museum, Edinburgh National Museum of Scotland

Fairbanks Museum of Natural History, 2804, 3066-3067

Frans Hals at Haarlem, Coppenol coin scale, 3220Geld-en Bankmuseum at Utrecht, Coppenol coin scale,

3220Geological Museum, London, Matlock marble, 3305Giessen Mettler Instrumente GmbH museum

chainomatic, 620precision bals, 1468

Glasgow Burrell Collection, early wts, 1151Göteborg Museum, Peruvian scales & weights, 2908Greenock McClean Museum, Crichton precision bal,

1720Hampton VA Old Jail, Casella person sc, 1716Hanchett-Bartlett Homestead, Gaston scales, 2979Henry Ford Museum

coinweight box, 3223John Adams' coin scale, 2536

Historical Museum of New York, hand held sc by Freeman, 3015-3016

Huddersfield Tolson Museum, coin sc, 1720Hull Museum, coin sc & wts, 1794Kolnisches Stadtmuseum, Kirch's coin sc, 50, 64Liverpool Museum, Arstall's nesting wts, 2011London British Museum

Breugel's print Elck or Everyman, 737coin wt, 987-988Crowther-Benyon's coin-wts, 1794Roman equal-arm sc with poise, 564

London Greenwich National Maritime Museum, Project Simon, 1967

London Harmer's stamp auctioneers, Hooper bimar postal sc, 2

London Science Museum1588 Standards, 1348Adams' steelyard, 1852Anscheutz & Schlaff pendulum bal, 1850-1851Brown coin sc, 1416Chinese dot'chin, 1853elliptical spring bal, 1869hydrostatic steelyard, 270Kater wood-beam bal, 2081mediaeval lead wt, 1989Sisson precision bal, 1853Wiedeman's spring bal, 1864

Malta Armoury Palace, cannon weighing steelyard, 868Malta Museum Folklorico, bullion bal, 866Maynooth St Patrick's College, Paul precision bal, 1754Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 3015-3016,

3453-3454Musée de la Monnaie, 2516Musée National des Techniques, 2171

Paris, 2361British coin wt standards, 811-813, 855-857C-spring special, 1869Hanin person sc, 1867

Peson à ressort, 2171Museo Amano, Peruvian scales & weights, 2903-2907Museo de las Ferias in Medina del Campo, 2997Museum for Metrology, Lisbon, 3454Museum of Communication, The Hague, 3230-3231,

3267Museum of London Archaelogical Service, 2109Naples National Museum, Roman bismar, 823National Gallery of Art, 2819National Museum of American History, 3115-3116

Division of Medicine & Science Collections, 3115-3116, 3118

Old Sturbridge Village Museum, English CFS for reales, 1779

Orange County Historical Museum, Hillsborough, NC, Standard weights & measures, 3319

Oslo Museum, knipwage, 1900Oxford Ashmolean Museum, coin wts, 1794Oxford Museum of History of Science

C-spring special, 1870Chinese do'tchin, 2390Chinese steelyard, 2390full catalogue of Great Exhibition 1851, 1664, 1886Martin steelyards, 303, 2390Martin's dot'chin, 1718-1719, 2390painting Measurers, 1983Roman steelyard, 1819, 2390Rowley steelyard, 2390Russian bismar, 2390steelyard, 2388-2390

Oxford Pitt-Rivers Museum, Netherlands knipwage,

1831, 1900Paris Bibliotheque Nationale, coin wts, 1794Paris C N A M see museum, Musée National des

TechniquesParis Conservatoire National des Arts & Metiers see

museum, Musée National des TechniquesPatent Model Museum, 2819Postmuseum, 3267Quincy-Squire Museum, Earlville, NY, Zenith egg

scale, 3056Richmond VA, kitchen sc, 848Rouen Musee Le Secq des Tournelles, C-spring special,

1869Royal Museum of Scotland, 2152Sartorius Museum, 2542-2547Schwelm Stadtisches Heimatmuseum, Berg coin sc, 63-

64Science Museum, London, Italian diamond sc, 2622Sheffield, dental alloy sc, 2056Smithsonian Institution, 2819Spalding Gentlemans' Society Museum, coin sc, 1720Sturbridge Museum, coin sc, 1779, 1880-1881Tel-Aviv Kadman Numismatic Museum, Roman

steelyard, 168Triers Museum, Roman steelyards, 50Unna Hellweg Museum, Maul rocker, 1617Valetta Museum of Fine Arts, wts of Knights of St

John, 867Van Andel Museum Center, 3262Warsaw Museum, mancurs, 433Washington Smithsonian Institution, patent model,

1113-1114Whitby Museum, ring wts with windmills, 1116Winchester Museums, mediaeval beam, 1566-1569Winterthur Museum, 2472-2473, 3223Worthing Museum, coin sc, 1720Wurttemberg Landesmuseum, Hahn's kitchen sc, 608

Museum cataloguesAugst Museum, Romische Waagen und Gewichte aus

Augst und Kaiseraugst by Mutz (1983), 1853Bibliotheque Nationale, coin wts by Dieudonne, 87,

498, 879, 881, 1562, 1607, 1796, 1879British Museum

Arabic Glass Wts by Lane-Poole (1891), 162English Copper Tin & Bronze Coins by Peck

(1970), 1015Money from Cowrie Shells to Credit Cards by

Gibbs (1986), 1785Conservatoire National des Arts & Metiers, Inventaire

des Poids by Pommier (1990), 1386-1387, 1789, 1998

Germanischen Nationalmuseum, Merkzeichen der Nürnberger Rotschmeide by Stengel (1918-19), 1901

Glenbow Museum Calgary, Akan Wts by Garrard, 2027

Musee d'Art et Histoire de Geneve (1964), Poids Byzantine by Barkay, 310

Musee National des Techniques, Inventaire des Poids by Pommier (1990), 1386-1387, 1789, 1998

Museo Arqelogico Nacional Madrid, Catalogo de los Ponderales Monetarios by Llopis (1934), 1796,

1879Museo della Bilancia a Campogalliano

history of company owners, 2027-2028sc & wts, 2027-2028

Museum für Volkekunde Berlin, Goldgewichte aus Ghana by Menzell, 2027

Museum Haarretz Tel Aviv, Roman Steelyard by Eran (1969), 169

Museum of History of Science Florence, Antique Instruments by Cantu & Settle, 610

Museum of History of Science Oxford, Measuring, 1983

Science Museum LondonChemical bals by Stock, 87George III collection by Morton & Wess, 1849-

1854W & M, 816

Taft Museum Cincinnati, Vintage Penny Weighing-machines by ?, 717

University College London, Glass Stamps & Wts by Petrie (1926), 162

Westfalisches Landesmuseum Munster, Catalogue Messen und Wiegen, 64

Whipple Museum Cambridge UK, bals & wts by Brown, 593

Yale University Streeter Collection, nesting wts by Zak Danforth, 1434

Mushroom wts see weight, shapeMusschenhroek, P van (author), 576Mussell's Earliest U K Postal? (article), 2Mutz (author), 1853"My Bankers' Scale; A rarity by H Sutcliff & Co." (article

by Malter), 2679-2682"My Magic Scale" (article by Foster), 2833-2834"My Mysterious Scale" (article by Wiley), 2227-2230Myers, Elmer, Defiance Machine Wks worker, 2969Myers, Hubert A., 2461Myers, M & Son

egg sc, 382-383postal sc, 132-133

Myers & Co, postal sc mkr, 1261"Mysterous Hoadley Scale, The" (article by Wehman),

2097-2100"Mystery Scale" (article by Wehman), 2582-2584

NN B see Briais, NarcisséN B B mark, 69, 1960

see also New BuckenhamN crowned, 1977

mark on wts, 164see also Nottinghamshire

N D C, mark on wts, 69Nadal, J, patentee, 511Nahmer, A von der

German sc mkr, 1725office in London, 1725

Nail, definition, 2018Nairne, Edward

dates, 1724hydrostatical bal mkr, 1724scientific instrument mkr, 1724

Nakabori, sc mkr, 326Naksara bakari see steelyardNapier, D & Son

succeeded by Napier, James Murdoch, 105successor of Napier, David, 103

Napier, Davidcoin operated sc mkr, 2451coin sc mkr, 1299father of Napier, James Murdoch, 103partner with Napier, James Murdoch, 103printing machinery mkr, 103succeeded by Napier, D & Son, 103worked with Cotton, William (1), 103

Napier, J Mcoin operated sc mkr, 2452coin operated sc patentee, 2451-2452

Napier, James Murdochbullion bal designer, 104bullion bal mkr, 105partner with Napier, David, 103son of Napier, David, 103succeeded by Napier, Motague Stanley, 105successor of Napier, D & Son, 105

Napier, Johncomparisons of coinage, 2071inventor of logarithms, 2071

Napier, Motague Stanley, successor of Napier, James Murdoch, 105

"Napiers Balance & the Mint" (article by Joyce), 103-105"Napoleon Du Brul's Patents" (article), 2615-2616Napoleonic wars, 915, 1083, 1226NASA, 2501Nason, Stephen, 2465Nathan, Alex, 2273, 2290

partner of Bernstein, Alex, 2273pawnbroker, 2273successor to Bernstein, Alex, 2274

national see French patternNational Aeronautics & Space Administration see NASANational Automatic Weighing Machine Co., 2457National Bureau of Standards

US, 2175, 2259, 2965establishment of, 2259see also NBS

National Computing Scale Co, 3012National Conference on Weights & Meas

establishment of, 2259see also NCWM

National Counting Scale Co, 3251National Houseware Manufacturers Association see

NHMANational Maritime Museum, 1967National Museum of American History, Smithsonian

Institute, 2267National Poultry Equipment Co, 2833-2834

candler, 1316Shadolite, 1316-1317, 2833-2834succeed by Barlar Industries, 2834succeed by Cal-Mar Industries, 2834

National Prototype Meter, 2175National Vending Machine Corp (NAVCO), 3260National Weighing Machine Co Inc, 2428

Nationality, postal sc, 2, 11, 16, 19, 36, 40, 101, 125, 131-133, 136, 146, 175, 198-199, 224, 232, 236-237, 255, 258, 275-276, 341, 345, 353, 361, 366, 381, 399, 401, 403-409, 428, 437, 453, 456, 479, 482-484, 512-513, 518-528, 530, 537-538

Natl Poultry Equipt Co, egg sc mkr, 1279, 1284NAVCO see National Vending Machine CorpNBS, National Bureau of Standards, 2259, 2965NCWM, 2259Neale, Henry

coin sc mkr, 207, 1353, 1356, 1381, 1783, 2226, 3017, 3019

dates, 1381, 3019employer of Smelt, Samuel, 1738H N mkrs mark in pans, 1381master of Lee, John, 1736trade card, 1381, 1801, 3017

Neale, Johncoin sc mkr, 207-208, 244, 1377, 1382dates, 1737master of 4 apprentices at once, 1729master of Gale, William, 244, 1729, 1737master of Hawkins, William, 244, 1729, 1740master of Key, George, 244, 1729, 1740master of Lane, John, 244, 1729master of Read, Samuel, 244, 1729master of Sleigh, Richard I, 244, 1729, 1737master of Stiles, William, 244, 1729, 1740master of Thompson, John, 244, 1729, 1735steelyard mkr, 208successor of Jenks, Mrs, 1735trade card, 208, 1382wt mkr, 208

Neale, Samueladdress, 2226apprentice of Sherman, Henry, 248coin sc mkr, 207, 248, 1355-1356, 1377diamond scale, design features of, 2225-2226master of Hart, Joseph I, 248, 1735master of Pollard, Thomas, 1734master of Thompson, Jeremiah, 1734-1735S N mark in pans, 1356S N mark on beam, 1377trade card, 1801

Nedden, B & Co, paper scale maker, 1692, 1698Nederlanse Gewichten by Zevenboom & Wittop-Koning

(review), 87Needle's

"Fairbanks & Co" (article), 75-77, 106-110Six ounce wts, letter, 88

Negretti & Zambraprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Neill, Robertfolding gold bal retailer, 1827selling charts of Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Nemetz, Viennese bal mkr, 2593, 2595Nemetz, Guiseppe


Nernst, Walter H, precision sc designer, 750Nesbit, yarn bal mkr, 1103Nesbitt, John

agent for Sutcliff, 2682pot plate, 1455proprietor for Sutcliff, 2682trade card, 1176trade sc mkr, 1455yarn sc instructions, 1790yarn sc retailer, 1173

Nest wts see weight, shape, flat"Nesting Weights" (query by Holtman), 1751-1752Nesting Weights by Houben (review), 738Nesting Weights Einsatzgewichte & Piles à Godet by Zak

Danforth (review), 1165-1167Nesting wts

in art, 3453Austrian, 2529British, 2532definition, 260fake, 251-253, 2520fake (article by Schmidt), 251-258fake analysed, 1322French, 1166Italian, 2362, 2586mkr

Brabant, 2531Braunschweig, 2531Fleischmann, Erasmus, 2522, 2586Fleischmann, Johann Erasmus, 2522Laurence, John, 2532Lenz, Christoph, 2522, 2586Lenz, Johann Reichert, 2522

Nürnberg, 2173, 2520-2524, 2586adjusted for Venice, 2522, 2586Doges of Venice, 2522-2523San Marco Lion mark, 2522-2523

Roman, 2521series, 17see also weight, shape

Net wt, law, 1182Netherlands

bimetallism, 1898coinage reforms 1659, 1898current coins, 1898

Netherlands scapothecary, 477coin, 849, 1606, 1833, 3453grain, 80mkr

Becker, 478Becker, Christopher, 477, 702Becker's Sons, 477, 837, 843, 1002Berkel G m b H, 959Dorsman, Paulus, 850Fijn-mechanische Industrie Becker's Sons N V, 844Hollandische Optiek Fabriek (system Hensoldt) N

V, 844Linderman, Jan, 1606Maatschappij Van Berkel's Patent N V, 959

postal, 477precision, 702, 843

precision bal air-damped, 702retailer, Embden, S van, 1872

Netherlands scale, paper, 1704Netherlands wts mkr, Haagse Balensen en

Gewichtenfabriek, 1264Netherton's Fairfax County W & M 1744 (article), 1859-

1860Nett wt, definition, 260Neuer schild louis d'or see weights, denominationNeuhauser, Duncan (biography), 3148Neusts, Jacobus

Antwerp, 1792coin sc mkr, 1792

New, William, 2129apprentice of Joy, John, 1734dates, 1734partner of Freeman, Samuel III, 1734sc mkr to Office of Customs, 1734succeeded by New & Co, 1734successors of Freeman & New, 1734

New & Codates, 1734succeeded by Vandome & Co, 1734successor of New, William, 1734

New Bremen, NY, location of Zenith egg sc, 3082New Buckenham mark, 69, 1960New Haven Colony Historical Society, 3162-3163New Jersey State Library, 3199New Plymouth W & M, 1136New Standard 1774

coinage, 1068, 1081-1082see also Acts of Parliament

New Tenor, U S coinage, 358New Woodstock, NY, location of Zenith egg scale, 3082New York, population 1850, 3360New York Assay Office (article), 531-534New York Journeyman's Society, 2293New York Journeymen Scalemakers Co., 2293"New York Scalemakers 1836-1877" (article by Beare),

2293-2294Newall's

apothecary Weights, letter, 893-894"Golden Scales, c.1090 B.C." (article), 2550"More on Union Scales" (response), 1877"Reaction to Comment, 1922" (article), 2515"Reaction to Weighing in the 14th C" (article), 2067"Reaction to Weighing in the 14th C" (article reply),

2107"Repairing Saddled Steelyards" (article), 2504"Response on Robervals" (article), 2672"The Grocer" (article), 2468-2471

Newark Scale Works, 3095trip sc mkr, 3095

Newcastle on Tyneassay office, lion mark on wts, 45, 497, 500mark, 1928

Newman, Eric, biography, 2765Newman, Eric P, 2456Newman, J

bought by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1519butchers sc repairer, 1828chemists sc mkr, 1519

counter sc mkr, 1519dates, 1519Irish sc mkr, 1519-1520postal sc retailer, 1519pot plate, 1519retailer of S & P postal steelyard, 1519, 1829roberval sc mkr, 1829sc mkr, 1519sc repairer, 1519shop sc mkr, 1829steelyard mkr, 1519succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1758weigh-bridge mkr, 1519weighing machine mkr, 1519wts mkr, 1519see also catalogue

Newman, Johnscientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Newman, Samuelapprentice of Thompson, John I (line to II wrongly

drawn), 1735father of Newman, Thomas Porter, 1735

Newman, Thomas, sc mkr, 3090Newman, Thomas Porter

apprentice of Reynolds, Joseph (line omitted), 1735son of Newman, Samuel, 1735

Newman'sCaleb Ray, letter, 817Coins & Letters, letter, 848"Joseph Richardson Importer" (article), 1488-1493Response to Irish Steelyard, 1878"Unknown CCD" (article), 2759-2765

Newport, Captian Christopher, 3212Newsletter

usefulNews & Views, 3145Pennypacker Express, 3223

Newsletter reprintsColker, 190-191Schmidt, 251-253Vorley, 160-162Wormser, 221-224

Newspaper, usefulBerliner Boersenzeitung 1876, Bernstein sorting

machine, 1947Brooklyn Daily Eagle Jan 12,1889, 3138Brooklyn Daily Eagle Jul 23,1884, 3138Brooklyn Daily Eagle Oct 20,1889, Reinhardt political

ad, 3137-3138Deutscher Reichsanzeiger & Koniglich Preussischer

Staatsanzeiger 1876, Bernstein, Advert, 1947Edinburgh Advertiser 1773, light coin, 267Elkhart Truth Apr 28, 1914, 2140Elkhart Truth June, 1914, 2140Elkhart Truth Sept 18, 1914, 2140Faulkner's Dublin Journal n.d., ccd, 277Glasgow Courier 1792, Gardner advert, 1309Glasgow Journal 1773

Gardner advert, 1304, 1310Gardner instruction book advert, 1305

Glasgow Mercury 1779, Gardner advert, 1309

Gores' General Advertiser 1809, Arstall adverts, 2006Konigliche privilegirte Berlinische Zeitung 1876,

Bernstein sorting machine, 1947Leeds Intelligencer 1769, light coin, 265Leeds Mercury 1776

counterfeit guineas, 270light coin, 268, 270

Liverpool Courier 1809Arstall, Warning, 2004ironmongers reactions to Arstall, 2006Wright, Reaction to Arstall, 2007

Liverpool General Advertiser 1776, Henry's coin sc advert, 271, 282

London Chronicle 1773light coin, 267shoemkr had shoes stolen while weighing, 15

London Evening Post 1747, Kirk's advert, 480London Gazette 1774, Whitehurst's announcement,

1082London Gazette 1821, Lighter sovereigns, 1125London Gazette 1843, Exchange of old money-wts for

new, 1127Neues Berliner Intelligenz-Blatt 1786, improved

method of weighing grain, 51New York Times June 1, 1869, 3117Newcastle Chronicle 1777, counterfeit guineas, 266Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 1876, report on

Bernstein sorting machine, 1947Rheinische Heraldik 1934, Berg sc mkr, 64Urwaehlerzeitung Organ für Jedermann aus dem Volke

1849, Bernstein's views, 1948Volks-Zeitung (1853), Bernstein's paper, 1948Volks-Zeitung (1884), Bernstein in Berlin, 1948, 1955Vossische Zeitung (1884), Bernstein's death, 1955

Newton, Isaacchecking relative value of gold & silver coin, 1040-

1046, 1060Master of the Mint, 463, 914, 1040-1046, 1060scientist, 327

Newton, Williamapprentice of Overing, Thomas, 1735-1736, 1786apprentice of Phillips, Elizabeth, 1735-1736, 1786on Bartholomew Lane, 3018-3019master of Holt, James (omitted in error), 1735-1736master of Sangster, John II, 1735partner in Newton, Willian & Co, 1736trade card, 3018

Newton, William & Coon Bartholomew Lane, 3018-3019coin sc mkr, 1736dates, 1736, 3018-3019

Newtonian period, coinage, 1040NHMA, 2973, 2975

formed by Hansen, Stan L, 2973Hansen, Stan L, president, 2973

Ni rin tame see steelyardNib

definition, 260spring, 236

Nicholl, William Lewisapprentice of Woodage, George Cave, 1738coin sc mkr, 1730

dates, 1730employed by DeGrave, Mary, 1738, 1745master of Kington, John, 1730master of London, Frederick Stephen, 1733master of Tadloo, Thomas, 1733master of Trowbridge, Charles, 1730master of Webb, Richard William, 1733master of Wedderburn, Jabez I (line omitted), 1730partner of Fowler, John, 1735partner of Fowler, William Cave, 1733partner of Lewis, William, 1733partner of Reynolds, Joseph, 1733succeeded by Kington & Trowbridge, 1739successor of Rubidge, Charlotte, 1737

Nicholl, William Lewis & Coapothecary sc mkr, 1733succeeded by Nicholl & Fowler, 1733successors of Reynolds & Nicholl, 1733

Nicholl & Fowlerbank sc mkr, 1733dates, 1733Nicholl, William Lewis & Fowler, William Cave, 1733at same address as Tadloo, Alfred, 1733succeeded by Doyle & Son, 1733successors of Nicholl, William Lewis & Co, 1733wt mkr, 1448

Nichols, A S CoAmerican sc retailer, 809timber moisture sc retailer, 809

Nicholson (author), 1090Nicholson's Report of Secretary of Treasury on

Construction & Distribution of W & M (review), 189

Nickel-plating, 113, 1205, 1236Nicklin, Edward


Nine shilling wt see Weights, denomination, MoidoreNisa-Scythopolis, Israel, 3201Nitecki (author), 2027Nitecki's Equal Measure for Kings & Commoners Gold

Weights of Akan (review), 594"No Stone Unturned" (article by Knights), 2799-2803Noailles see weights, denomination, noaillesNoble

coin, 913see also weights, denomination, noble

Noël'sNot Glass Wts, letter, 306"Response on Régnier" (article), 2231"Scales & Weights" (article), 629-632

Nolan family scale, 3167-3170Nolan,John H

dates, 3162insurance agent, 3162manager Nolan Scale Co, 3162patent decriptions, 3165-3170Patent holder, 3162patents, 3165-3166president Pneumatic Power Co, 3162

Nolan letter scale, 3162-3171base designs, 3168

boxes, 3171details, 3167-3168

capacity, 3167dial designs, 3167, 3170-3171dial flanges, 3168labels and ads, 3162-3163, 3169, 3171underneath base designs, 3171see also Gem Letter scale

Nolan recipe scale, 3167-3170mechanism, 3168

Nolan Scale, 3162-3171Nolan Scale Co, 3162-3171Nonautomatic-indicating equal-arm counter sc, 2258Nordenskiöld, Erland, researcher, 2903, 2907-2909Nordenskiöld, Erland (author), 2903, 2907-2909Normal weight, 3145-3146Normans

bismar, 1326poises, 1328weighing practices, 1326, 1328

NORSCO, 3141, 3144Northeastern Supply Co, 3141, 3144

North Bros Mfg Cofamily sc mkr, 2855-2856Yankee screw driver, mkr, 2855

Northeastern Supply Co(NORSCO), 3141, 3143-3144see also NORSCO

Northfield, Thomas Stephenapprentice of Reynolds, Joseph, 1739son of Northfield, William, 1739

Northfield, Williamdates, 1739father of Northfield, Thomas Stephen, 1739

Northumberland mark, 1981Norvell-Shapleigh Hardware Co see Norvell-Shipleigh

Hardware CoNorvell-Shipleigh Hardware Co

candy scale mkr, 2101see also catalogue

Norwich, inspectors stamping wts, 1893Norwich mark, 1928, 1981Nosal, Leonard, biography, 2140Nosal's, "Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1" (article),

2131-2140Nose end, definition, 260Nose-guard, 1091-1092Nose iron see Saddle"Not for Weighing!!" (article by Chambers & Mapletoft),

3499-3504"Not Shekels but Ounces" (article by Zavattoni), 2182Notch, definition, 260Notes & Queries

1, "Phillips, Edw Boxed Scale" (Mindel & Crawforth), 16

2, "Scale by Greaves, Edward" (Brass & Crawforth), 163, "Scale by Keller" (Gerling & Crawforth), 164

"Nesting Weights" (reply from Monnig), 42"Nesting Weights" (Schmidt), 17

5, "W & M Document 1497" (Crawforth & Crawforth), 17

6, "Coin Weights Found" (Lincoln Archaeological Trust), 40

7, "Alderman Balance" (uit den Boogard), 408, "American Scale?" (Crawforth & Mallis), 40-419, "Scale Marked D.V." (Willard & Crawforth), 41-4210, "German Scale" (Crawforth), 4211, "Jokey Scale/Person Scale" (Ellis), 6012, "Incomplete Scale" (Schmidt), 6013, "Weights marked P & F" (Gelder), 6014, "Scottish Fleur-De-Lys" (Houben & Crawforth), 8815, "Chatillon & Son" (Lindeyer & Crawforth), 8816, "Six Ounce Weights" (Needle & Crawforth), 8917, "European Coin" (Mallis), 88-8918, "Banker's Scale" (Archivist, Lloyds Bank Ltd &

Crawforth), 8919, "Johan Wilhelm Herbertz" (Mönnig), 11220, "Wooden Postal Scale" (Vorley & Crawforth), 11221, "Young & Son Person Scale" (Crawforth), 11322, "Photographic Scales" (Jackson & Crawforth), 11323, "Six Ounce Weights(reply to N & Q 16)" (Rix &

Crawforth), 14224, "Crontal (reply to N & Q 17)" (Nentwich & Rix),

14225, "Fairbanks Prescription Scale" (Lindeyer), 14326, "American Manufacturers" (Eaches), 14327, "Earthenware Weights" (Members, Doniger &

Crawforth), 143-14428, "Scale with Pins" (Denford), 14429, "Oertling of London" (Thürkôw & Crawforth), 15930, "Unusual Weight" (Smith), 15931, "Guinea Scales" (Chandler & Crawforth), 16032, "Weight for the Noble" (Mallis & Crawforth), 21633, "Computing Scale Co (reply to N & Q 26)"

(Carley), 216-21734, "Fairbanks Scale (reply to N & Q 28)" (Carley &

Hall), 218-21935, "Treatment for Rust" (Daneman & Crawforth), 21936, "Mystery Scale" (Hall), 21937, "Glass Weights" (Lindeyer), 24938, "Indian Ocean Scales" (Denford & Crawforth), 24939, "Forty Percent Weight" (Schmitz), 25040, "Diamond Scales" (Chitty & Crawforth), 25041, "Art Nouveau Postal Scale" (Crawforth), 25042, "Assay Tons" (Gerling), 28043, "Treating Rust (reply to N & Q 35)" (Wage), 28044, "F. E. Becker & Co" (Herre & Crawforth), 280-28145, "Indian Ocean Scales" (Mönnig), 28146, "Not Glass Weights (reply to N & Q 37)" (Noël),

30647, "Weights marked "T"" (Rix & GPO), 30648, "Assay Tons (reply to N & Q 42)" (Joyce & Rix),

331-33249, "French Postal Scale" (uit den Boogard), 33250, "William B. Preston" (Lindeyer), 33251, "Postal Weights" (Denford, Thursby, Gelder &

Crawforth), 353-35452, "Herbert & Sons Ltd" (Herre & Crawforth), 35453, "Bryan Corcoran Ltd" (uit den Boogard &

Crawforth), 35454, "Weight with Crown & Shield (reply to N & Q 39)"

(Houben), 35455, "Thomas Gable" (uit den Boogaard & Crawforth),

38856, "S.T.S." (Matthews & Crawforth), 38857, "Diamond Scales (reply to N & Q 40)" (Houben),

44558, "Roberval" (Jenemann), 44559, "Spanish Scale-German Scale" (Burgauer), 44560, "John Sheldon" (uit den Boogaard & Crawforth),

44661, "Rare Rocker by Harrison" (Visser), 44662, "N.B. & S.G.D.G. (reply to N & Q 49)" (Gacon),

44663, "Mystery Scale" (Bogaerts), 48064, "William B. Preston (reply to N & Q 50)"

(Lindeyer), 50865, "Rare Folder by Thos. Williams" (Visser &

Crawforth), 50866, "Scandinavian Steelyard" (Cohn), 53567, "Pot Weight" (Visser & Crawforth), 53568, "Butter Scale" (Pommier & Crawforth), 59169, "Vandome, Titford & Co" (Middleton &

Crawforth), 59270, "Pourin" (Katz & Crawforth), 592-59371, "Weighing Medal" (Batz), 64072, "Holes & Marks on Weights" (Dörr & Crawforth),

640-64173, "AE Wage" (Schmitz), 64174, "Letter Scale Marked S.O." (Holdaway &

Crawforth), 70375, "Counterfeit Coin Detector" (Vorley & Crawforth),

716-71776, "Specific Gravity Balance" (Piggott & Crawforth),

755-75777

"AE Wage(reply to N & Q 73)" (Wage), 757"AE Wage (reply to N & Q 73)" (Wage), 703

78, "Mercy Meymott" (Mallis & Crawforth), 80879, "Curious Instrument" (Jenemann & Crawforth), 80980, "Moisture Balance Maker" (Cohn Jr), 809-81081, "Iron Weights by Mellard" (Binks & Crawforth),

81082, "W Chambers Day" (Mahoney & Crawforth), 81083, "Bartlett of Bristol" (Mahoney & Crawforth), 82484, "Grain Scale" (Cattle & Crawforth), 824-82585, "Jocket Weight" (Rix & Crawforth), 82586, "Red Beans" (Crawforth & Lieber), 92587, "Salter Albion" (Smith & Crawforth), 92588, "Chinese Do'tchin" (Stevenson & Crawforth), 92689, "Bronze Mystery" (Doerr), 92690, "Weights for Light Gold Coin" (Batz & Crawforth),

926-92791, "Fractional Avoir Weights" (Batz), 92792, "Loose Weight Steelyard" (Holdaway), 95593, "Inch Weights" (Crawforth), 95594, "First US Postal Scale" (Wright & Carley), 101795, "Inch Weights" (Visser), 101796, "Prodevel Weights" (Stevenson & Crawforth),

1046-104797, "First US Postal Scale" (Ifshin & Crawforth), 104798, "Tola, Anna & Ratti" (Stevenson & Bryant), 1102-

110399, "Yarn Balance by Casartelli" (Weiss & Crawforth),

1103

100, "William Archdall" (Mahoney & Crawforth), 1103-1104

101, "Thomas Goulding" (Ladell & Crawforth), 1140102, "Silver Prover" (Batz & Crawforth), 1141103, "Salter Letter Balance in Grams" (Doerr), 1142104

"Bronze Mystery Solved" (Doerr), 1142"Bronze Mystery Solved (reply to N & Q 89)"

(Doerr), 1142105, "Diamond Scale" (Mallis & Crawforth), 1142106, "Weight for Munitions" (Holland), 1272107, "David Napier, Pewterer" (Bradbury &

Crawforth), 1299108, "Martin Guinea Scale" (Mallis & Crawforth),

1299-1300109, "Shakespear's Wood?" (Zavittoni & Crawforth),

1323-1326110, "Lead Weights from Ship-wreck" (Woodward &

Crawforth), 1331111, "Catherwood Rocker" (Zavattoni & Crawforth),

1341112, "Nesting Weights" (uit den Boogaard), 1358113, "Newman Iron Pillar Scale" (Schoenly &

Crawforth), 1519-1521114

"Comstock's Counter Steelyard (reply to N & Q 114)" (Berning), 2412-2414

"Shop Scale Patented June 19, 1883" (Comstock), 1537

115, "Hopken Weights" (Mahoney), 1554116, "Stove by Dearborn by Scale Mkr?" (Gorringe &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 1554117, "Beach Steelyard" (Stevenson), 1565118, "Folding Scales, Bronze Equal-arm Bal &

Tumbrel" (Houben), 1613119, "Troemner's Bevringer French Counter Scales"

(Cohn & Crawforth-Hitchins), 1643120, "Rectangular Lead Weight" (Rix & Crawforth-

Hitchins), 1688121, "Knobbed Weights from Canada" (Rix), 1688-

1689122, "Flat, Square, Conical Weight from London" (Rix

& Crawforth-Hitchins), 1689123, "Paper Test Weights" (Rix & Crawforth-Hitchins),

1689-1691124, "Equal-arm Paper Test Scale" (Park & Crawforth-

Hitchins), 1691-1692125, "History of Herbert & Sons Ltd" (Herbert &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 1722126, "Midiaeval Nesting Weights" (Malter, Holtman,

Biggs & Crawforth-Hitchins), 1796-1797127, "First Use of Aniline Dye" (Crawforth-Hitchins &

Beare), 1862128

"Soverign folders & William Tongue" (Camilleri, Withers, Crawforth-Hitchins & Rangeley), 1941-1944

"White Copper-alloy; Paktong" (Binns), 1972129, "Nesting weights" (Crawforth, A), 1972130, "Hamshaw Tea Scale" (Denford & Crawforth-

Hitchins), 2110131, "Information on Lead" (Oliver), 2111-2112

132, "Mediaeval Weight" (Crawforth, A), 2192133, "Weights from Price Computing Scale" (Carter &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 2208-2209134, "Coin or Bullion Wts?" (Pomper), 2224135, "DeSSave Folding Coin Bal Instructions" (Pomper

& Schoen), 2224136, "Samuel Neale diamond Bal" (Collins &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 2225-2226137, "English Coin Sc, Damaged Label" (Slaets &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 2253-2256138, "Fairbanks Postal Sc with Revolving Beam"

(Crawford & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2256-2258140, "Scale purchased in UK" (Bessey), 2334-2336141

"Italian Apothecary Weights" (Jones & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2351

"Reply Denari Weights" (Zavattoni), 2387142

"Fairbanks Infallible Coin Scale" (Crawford & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2409-2411

"Knipwaage" (Crawforth, A), 2400"Knipwaages" (Green), 2447

143"Chrome Plating on Weights & Assay Ton

Weights" (Simpson & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2530

"Response on Chrome Plated Weights" (Rangeley), 2550

144"More Solder Scales" (Crawforth, A), 2550"Oval Japanned box, Beam by Pratt" (Attwood &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 2442145, "Jockey Scale?" (Brass & Crawforth-Hitchins),

2588146, "Bendall's Book; Byzantine Weights" (Holland),

2628147, "What Kind of Poise" (Barnet & Cima), 2835-

2837148, "Cased Kopsch Scale" (Williams), 2994149, "Tiny Candlestick & Perry Postal" (Reeve &

Crawforth-Hitchins), 3030150, "Who Has a Handy Postal Scale" (Schmidt), 3045151, "Albracht's Postal Scales" (Kok), 3139152-154, Weights, spring scale (Robinson), 3179155, "Weighmaster Egg Scale" (Grygutis), 3188156, "Fairbanks Miners' Assay Scale" (Fisch), 3310157, "Unknown Postal" (Denford), 3325158, "Aluminium Coin Rocker" (Denford), 3403159, "Troemner Yarn Balance" (Stray), 3403-3404160, "Parker's Pocket & Postal Scales" (Brass), 3432

Notes on Irish Money Weights & Foreign Coin Current in Ireland by Westropp (review), 87

Nottingham mark, 1928Nottinghamshire, N crowned mark, 1977Nottinghamshire mark, 1981Novobeam trade name, Hilton, 772Nowicz, Ian, scale technician, 2788Numbering each sc made consecutively, 1300, 1323-1326,

1418Numerical wts see weight, shape"Numismatica Wendt Auktion Catalogues" (review), 87Nuremberg see Nürnberg

Nuremberg end, 228, 255definition, 172-173

Nuremberg sc, 541Nuremberg swan neck end, definition, 172-173Nuremberg wts see weight, shape, nesting; weights,

nationality, NürnbergNürnberg

wt mkrs see weights, nationality, Nürnbergsee also Nuremberg

Nürnberg nesting weights, 2173, 2520-2524, 3302Nutting,H, working with Hitchock,Silvester S, 3456Nutting,William Washburn, 3455

biography, 3455Chicago Scale Co President, 3455

OO crowned, 600-601

see also Exupere, LO L B, V-spring mkr, 1875O M under V R I crowned, 1957

see also Manchester markO R C, Orange River Colony, 443O S Y, mark on wts, 94O S Y crowned mark, 1977

see also OswestryOakes egg grading scale, 3315Oakes egg scales, 3397-3400"Oakes Manufacturing & Their Egg Scales"(article by

Amsbaugh), 3397-3400Oakes Mfg Co, egg sc retailer, 1314Oakes Mfg Co Inc

American sc mkr, 383-384, 1313, 3397-3400dates, 3397-3400egg sc mkr, 383-384, 1313, 3397-3400egg scales of, 3398-3400factories, 3397-3398steelyard mkr, 383-384, 1313, 3397-3400

Oats, method of weighing in grain sc, 989Obliteration stamp, definition, 260O'Briant, Benjamin

apprentice of Jefferson, Thomas, 1734apprentice of Wornell, John, 1734

Ockes see weights, denomination, okkaOcque see weights, denomination, okkaOctagonal wts see weight, shapeOertling

assay wt mkr, 2530bullion bal

description of, 2788-2790mkr, 2788-2791size of, 2788

history, 2788Oertling, Henry

manager of Oertling, Ludwig, 1817son of Oertling, Ludwig, 1817

Oertling, Henry, father-in-law of Dunbar, Malcolm, 1817Oertling, L Ltd

bal retailed by Robinson, James & Sons, 1841bought by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1724dates, 1738, 1817, 2789integrated with DeGrave, Short & Co Ltd, 1817, 2790long beams, 5, 1790

managed by Dunbar, Malcolm & Nalder Francis, 1817micro bal mkr, 5model 1, 1789nickel/chromium beam, 5owned by Avery, W & T Ltd, 159, 2790precision bal mkr, 5scholars bal mkr, 1826short beam design, 5succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1738, 1817, 2790successors of Webb, William A Ltd, 1738

Oertling, Ludwig, 2260accuracy, 2080analytical bal mkr, 4-5, 159, 2655, 2659assay bal mkr, 5, 2498company history, 1817discussions with Makins, 2118father of Oertling, Henry, 1817Kater scale rebuilder, 2248long beam design, 5managed by Oertling, Henry, 1817Mint wts mkr, 1038physical bal mkr, 2594-2595portable bal mkr, 2264

for testers, 2264portable inspector's balance mkr, 2260precision bal mkr, 1822rider wt first manipulated from outside case, 564sc for comparison of local standards, 2080

accuracy, 2080scale in Standards Office, 2260

boxed, 2260Canadian supplier, 2260

scientific instrument mkr, 1724vacuum bal mkr, 2080weight testing bal mkr, 2260-2261working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787yarn bal mkr, 1173see also catalogue

"Oertling Verified Unequally?" (article by Buchanan), 2260-2265

OESTabbreviation for Oesterreichiches, 3190Austrian, 3190

Oesterreichichesabbreviation OEST, 3190Austrian, 3190

Oesterreichisches, Austrian patent, 3190OEST.P., 1766, 3190-3195OEST.P. 1766

marking on bilateral postal scale, 3181-3182, 3190-3195

markings on letter scales, 3190-3191Office of Customs' sc mkr, New, William, 1734Office of W & M of Bavaria, 642Office of Weigher & Stamper of Money wts, 496, 498,

1068mark, 498

Ogden, Johnapprentice of Ogden, Samuel, 1736apprentice of Oven, Henry, 1736

Ogden, Samuelapprentice of Lee, Humphrey, 1736

Christ's Hospital scholar, 1747dates, 1736master of Ogden, John, 1736

Ogier, Williamapprentice of Pallett, Thomas I, 1736partner of Gardner, 1736

Ogier & Gardnerdates, 1736Ogier, William & Gardner, 1736

O'Groats, John, 2448"Oh Rube Goldberg, Where Are You Now?" (article by

Katz), 2823-2824Ohaus

counterfeit detector, 2775-2777gun-loading scales, 2188-2189precision balance, 2188-2189

directions for use of, 2189knurled knob on, 2188-2189magnetic damping on, 2189patents for, 2189

"Ohaus: Dr. Fitch's Descendent?" (article by Young), 2188-2190

"Ohaus Numiscales" (article by Doniger), 2775-2777Ohaus Scale Corp, 2775, 3094-3095

coin sc mkr, 2775prescription sc mkr, 2055, 2188-2190trip sc mkr, 2775, 3094-3095

Ohsara-bakari see steelyardOil bath see DamperOil-damping

Bosch, use of, 2166Griffin & Tatlock Ltd, use of, 2167in market scales, 2166Sauter, use of, 2166Suprema, use of, 2166

Oil measuring, 1188Oke see weights, denomination, okkaO'Keefe (author), 435, 2037Okka see weights, denomination, okka"Okka Weights in Ottoman Palestine" (article by Holland),

1023-1025Old Advert, 3452

1828D L Robert's dairy scale, 3195Dearborn's patent bal, 2376Robert's dairy scale, 3195

1841, Fairbanks, 2194Allender, John, 13, 760, 895Angldile, 180, 2140, 3161Becker & Sons, 995Bourne & Smith, 136Bullock, W & Co, 644Burchfield, 35Chatillon, John & Sons, 754D L Roberts Dairy Scale, 3195Dakin Manufacturing Co, 1944Davis, A B & Co, 785Dye, John S, 874Eltex, 932Fairbanks, 86, 177, 182, 184, 736, 989Fairbanks, Brown & Co, 182Fairbanks, Morse & Co, 182, 184

Fairbanks & Co, 182, 992Fairbanks & Ewing, 182Fairbanks & Hutchinson, 182Fairbanks' Infallible Scale Co, 759Foyer Postal Scale, 3144Greaves, John & Son, 238Harper, John & Co Ltd, 1965Henry, S, 282Hooper, 19Infallible Coin Scale Co, 762, 964Jones of Binghamton, 562Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 1076Kirk, J, 480Lincoln Coin operated scale, 3144Mordan, Sampson & Co, 937Morton, 33Pooley & Son, 702, 728Roberts, 514Salter, G & Co, 436, 536Sears, Roebuck & Co, 1877Sheldon, John, 1682Simpson, R, 736Springer Torsion Balance Co, 671, 999Swart, 514Troemner, Henry, 811, 1020, 1643Union Sc, 1877Warren & Co, 152Wilson, I, 760

"Old Advert" (article by Katz), 2168Old Bailey, London Criminal Court, 3085-3091Old English Bronze Wool Weights by Dent (review), 187"Old European Letter Scales & Their Postal Rates"(article

by Kok), 3444-3446Old Guins, on coin wts see New StandardOld Palace Yard, 2247Old prints

Australian Gold miner, 176British ammunition sc, 1124East African cloth sc (1878), 1124German 16th Century sc, 277German 17th Century wt mkr, 304German assay sc (1556), 665German sc mkr, 234German weighmaster, 305Japanese do'tchin in use, 59Japanese money changer, 324Japanese shuzui bakari, 325Japanese steelyard mkr, 324Shop with Fairbanks sc, 106Shunsho, 59

"Old Tenor" (article by Mallis), 356-360"Old Tenor-New Tenor-Again" (article by Mahoney),

2472-2476Oliver, B J

author, 2115-2120biography, 2121

Oliver, Barry, biography, 2547Oliver's

"G H Makins and the Assay Balance" (article), 2115-2121

"G H Makins and the Assay Balance Part 2" (article), 2152-2155

"Rare Oertling Bullion Balance" (article), 2788-2791Reaction to Review, letter to editor, 1817

Ollivant, coin sc retailer, 282"One Hundred Fifty Years & Still Weighing" (article by

Schmidt), 3261-3262ONE OUNZES J L B, on wts, 2056One-third oz wt see weights, denomination, one-third ozO'Neil, weigh scoop patentee, 492, 666-667O'Neil, J K, patentee, 671Onza see weights, denominationOosting

engineer, 3269postal scale mkr, 3269

Open box enddefinition, 172see also beam end shapes

Open double hole enddefinition, 172see also beam end shapes

Opium sc see do'tchinOptical projection

design, 844sc

mkrBecker's Sons, 837, 843-844Bunge, Paul, 837Collot, A Jnr, 836Sartorius, Erich, 837Vertex Indutries Inc, 1000

Oqqa see weights, denomination, okkaOrange County, NC, weights & measures, 3319Orkney, verification marks, 1344-1345"Orlando W. Bedell & the Zenith Egg Grading Scale

Part 1" (article by Amsbaugh), 3056-3059Part 2" (article by Amsbaugh), 3081-3084Part 3" (article by Amsbaugh), 3118-3123

Ormolu (article), 1580Orr, P & Sons

bismar mkr, 1999postal sc mkr, 1999

Ortyz, H, adjuster, 1818, 1880Osborn, Francis Conrad

biography, 3241inventor of computing scale, 3241organized F C Osborn Co, 3252organized Standard Computing Scale Co, Ltd, 3241,

3252owner of F C Osborn Co, 3241, 3252owner of Osborn Cash Register Co, Ltd, 3241patentee, 3241representative for Ginn & Co, 3241teacher, 3241working at National Cash Register Co, 3241

Osborn, Francis Conrad Company, 3262Osborn Cash Register Co, 3262Oscillation, 5, 589, 701

aperiodic, 701Oslo Museum, knipwaage, 1900Osterlich Ltd

bank sc mkr, 1105counting scale maker, 1105date, 1106

Ostrich feather sc, mkr, Salter, Geo & Co, 518Oswestry, O S Y crowned mark, 1977Ottlie pound, 1990Otto, H J Mfg Co

American sc mkr, 1315egg sc mkr, 1315

OunceCologne, 1991, 2107Paris, 1991Tower, 1990, 2107

Ounce symbol, definition, 1297Outdoor bal

inspectors, 116-117see also inspectors sc

Oval japanned boxcleaning, 1267coin sc, 178, 1502-1503see also box

Oval japanned boxedcoin sc, index, 197coin sc (article), 178

Oval wts see weight, shapeOvale veerbalans, 1863

see also C-spring; mancurOven, Henry

apprentice of Phillips, Walter, 1736, 1785coin sc mkr, 1736dates, 1736master of Bate, Richard, 1736master of Ogden, John, 1736master of Phythian, Dod, 1736successor of Snart, John I, 1736

Ovendon, Jamesapothecary sc mkr, 1731apprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1731dates, 1731successor of Payne & Ovendon, 1732

Over & under sc, definition, 260, 341, 1200Overhead check see StayOvering, Thomas

apprentice of Snart, John, 211on Bartholomew Lane, 3017, 3019diamond sc mkr, 211-212, 247-248, 3017, 3019master of Hart, Benjamin, 248master of Newton, William, 1735-1736successor of Phillips, Elizabeth, 1736trade card, 247, 3017

Overland, 16Owen, coin wts mkr, 1062, 1065, 1508Owen (author), 87, 134, 169, 1809, 1815, 2036Owen, Gibbs

bal mkr, 2656dates, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508

Owen, Hannah, date, 1508Owen's

"Saddled Steelyards, 1922"(article), 2504Treatise on Weighing Machines (review), 87

Owens, T D, weigh scoop patentee, 492Oxford University, 20, 1928-1929, 1960

mark, 20Oxfordshire (Oxon), 1926

Oxidisation, gilding, 1580Oxley, Henry

apprentice of Lind, John, 1732bal mkr, 2657coin sc mkr, 1728dates, 1731master of Bassingham, Samuel, 1731from Somerset, 1728succeeded by Skinner, William, 1732, 2066

Oxon (Oxfordshire), 1926Ozias, patentee, 2204Ozias, O O, American patentee, 217Ozias & Canby, 2205

see also Computing Scale Co.

PP

Austrian patent abbreviation, 3190on coin wts see weights, denomination, pistoledefinition, 61mark on grain sc, 825mark on wts, 60-61, 251, 353

P see postages; weights, denomination, pennyweightsP, Rogers, inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469P B mark, Pitney-Bowes, 1986P C see Parliamentary CopyP D & ostrich, mark of Deinert, Paulus, 542P F

V-spring mkr, 1875see also weights, denomination, pistole

P H L, definition, 825"P Poncia Rocker" (article by Chellingworth), 2777P Q R, C-spring mkr, 1875P S

engraved on wts, 811see also Parliamentary Standard wts

P S & W, Peck, Stow & Wilcox, 1808P St & Co, postal sc mkr, 663, 1071, 1225P W T 5.8 see weights, denomination, guineaPacific Poultry Appliance Co, egg sc mkr, 1277Package sc see parcel scPaddington, 1960Paddock, Huxham, 3060Paige, Brooke, 3071-3073, 3074Paige's "The Fairbanks Brothers & their Scale Works"

(article), 3060-3068Pain demaine bread, 1052Pain dominicus bread, 1052Paint cleaning, 1265Painted beam see beam, gilded; beam, paintedPainted roberval, 1071Painter, W, ccd patentee, 820Paintings

Bermejo, 745Braithwait, 740Breugel, 737Brown, J G, 1301Carraci 1583, 1774-1776Christus, 3015De Hooch, 749Ghirlandaio, 746Reymerswaele, 744

Reynolds, 741Vermeer, 742

Paktong, 1944, 1972Paktong, Binns' N & Q 128, 1972Palestinian mkr, Melamed, 910Palestinian wts (article), 1332-1339Pallett, Elizabeth, coin sc mkr, 1192Pallett, Elizabeth Mary

coin sc mkr, 1192dates, 1736employed Herbert, Thomas, 1736mother of Pallett, Thomas II, 1736succeeded by Pallett & Son, 1736successor of Pallett, Richard, 1736widow of Pallett, Richard, 1736

Pallett, Johndates, 1736successor of Pallett, Joseph, 1736

Pallett, Josephdates, 1736succeeded by Pallett, John, 1736

Pallett, Richardapothecary sc mkr, 1736dates, 1736father of Pallett, Thomas II, 1736husband of Pallett, Elizabeth Mary, 1736master of Evans, Thomas, 1736master of Greenhill, Benjamin Mills, 1736partner of Pallett, Thomas I, 1736son of Pallett, Thomas I, 1736succeeded by Pallett, Elizabeth Mary, 1736successor of Pallett, Thomas & Son, 1736

Pallett, Tavenorapprentice of Joy, John, 1734, 1741father of Pallett, Thomas, 1734

Pallett, Thomas & Son, 1736dates, 1736Pallett, Thomas & Pallett, Richard, 1736succeeded by Pallett, Richard, 1736successors of Pallett, Thomas I, 1736

Pallett, Thomas Iapprentice of Gable, Thomas, 1736dates, 1736father of Pallett, Richard, 1736master of Grout, John, 1736master of Ogier, William, 1736master of Smith, Thomas, 1736partner of Pallett, Richard, 1736son of Pallett, Tavenor, 1734, 1741succeeded by Pallett, Thomas & Son, 1736

Pallett, Thomas IIcoin sc mkr, 1192dates, 1192possibly succeeded by Greatrex & Pallett, 1736son of Pallett, Elizabeth Mary, 1736son of Pallett, Richard, 1736successor of Pallett & Son, 1736

Pallett & Soncoin sc mkr, 1192Pallett, Mary & Pallett, Thomas II, 1736succeeded by Pallett, Thomas II, 1736successors of Pallett, Elizabeth Mary, 1736

Palm kernel scmkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544spring, 544

Palmer, A H, witness for Harris, Sandy, 3116Palmer, Joseph

apprentice of Gore, Thomas Hunsden, 1738date, 1738succeeded by Hill, Robert, 1738

Pandefinition, 196, 283initialled, 1749

Pan arrestors, 2114, 2152-2153Pan stops, 3-6, 2152-2153Paneas see Caesarea Phippi, IsraelPannebecker, Henry, 3228Pans

relative prices, 804taring glass pans, 1423two load platforms, 1725

Pans material, 801aluminium, 1654bakelite, 804bronze, 249, 281celluloid, 1654, 2050coiled wire, 1276copper, 1502-1503, 1507, 1638earthenware, 1291, 1447, 1452, 1743, 1746glass, 804-806, 1423, 1654horn, 801, 805, 2050marble, 1437mother of pearl, 801, 804, 2050nickel-plated brass, 801pewter, 1638plastic, 804silver, 804silvered brass, 1352tortoiseshell, 2050transfer-printed, 1291

Pans shapechannel-shaped, 284, 869clip with screws, 1704coil, 1276curled, 285, 1654, 1690, 1693, 1699-1700double clip, 1655holed, 256removable, 476, 599scoop, 801shovel-shaped, 1105swivelling, 1092various designs, 548

papercomputing scale, 3079fingerprint of, 3077properties of, 3077sheet per reem, 3077sheet size

Demy, 3077Royal, 3077

universality of testing, 3077paper & postal scale, maker, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1700paper money

American, 358

British, 495, 1083paper names, 1695paper scale, 1693-1705, 3077-3080, 3269-3273, 3505

definition, 283-285maker

Albert, Thwing, 3077-3078Albert, Thwing & Co, 3078Amthor, 3078Amthor Testing Instrument Co Inc, 3079Avery, W & T, 1692-1694, 1702-1703Avery, W & T Ltd, 1517, 1692, 1702, 3271-3272Brown & Sharpe Mfg Co, 1702Buffalo Scale Co, 1696, 1700Casartelli, J, 1692Chatillon, John & Sons, 1704-1705DeGrave & Co, 1691-1692, 1697, 1703Derek Paul, 3505Exupere, L, 1690Fairbanks, Morse & Co, 1692, 1702Fairbanks & Co, 1692, 1696, 1701Howe Scale Co, 1700Kern, G & Sohn, 1692Knöfler, 3272Leunig, F & Co, 1692, 1697-1698, 1704-1705,

3078Lhomme et Argy, 3270Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1614, 1654, 1692, 1698-1700Messrs. Merseburger Waagenfabrik A. Dresdner,

Merseburg a.d. Saale, 3270Nedden, B & Co, 1692, 1698Post, 3273Rex Guppy, 3505Salter, Geo & Co, 1692, 1704Schember, C & Söhne, 1698-1699Schopper, Louis, 602, 1654, 1692, 1697-1698Sindall, 1692, 3077-3078Sindall & Bacon, 3078Torsion Balance Co., 3270-3271Troemner, Henry, 1701Vandome, 592Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1692, 1703-1704Vandome & Hart Ltd, 1690, 1692, 1704Williams Apparatus Co, Inc, 3272Wright,J, 3272

method of use, 1690, 3077nationality

American, 1692, 1696, 1700-1702, 1705, 3270-3271

British, 592, 1517, 1690-1692, 1692-1694, 1697-1698, 1702-1703, 1702-1705, 3077-3079, 3505

French, 1690, 1692, 3270-3271German, 602, 1614, 1654, 1692, 1697-1700, 3270-

3272retailer

Hartner, G, 1697-1699Leunig, F, 505, 602, 1692, 3078Mardon, A H, 1692, 1697-1698, 1704-1705Messmer, H E, 1692, 1697-1698Sindall & Bacon, 3078

paper scalestype

ash, 3272-3273computing, 3079counter, 1692, 3505digital, 3079electronic, 3273equal-arm, 1690-1694, 3079, 3271-3272humidometer, 3078-3079industrial ticket printing, 3270-3271moisture, 3078-3079, 3271-3272pendulum, 285, 505, 602, 1654, 1692, 1697-1700,

1704, 3077, 3269-3271plastic, 3505platform, 3270-3272quadrant, 3077, 3079, 3269spring, 1692, 1704-1705steelyard, 1517, 1691-1692, 1700-1703, 3270-3272substitution balance, 3272-3273Torsion balance, 3270-3271

used as analytical tool, 3269used for ash measurement, 3269, 3271-3273used for moisture measurement, 3269, 3271-3272used in industrial use, 3270-3271used in laboratory or office, 3077-3080, 3270-3271used in manufacturing, 3269used to measure wt per unit area, 3077-3080

"Paper Scales" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 1693-1705, 3273

Paper tax, 1695Paper weight

advertising, 3313-3314, 3327Baker & Walsh Scales, 3327Day & Millward Scales, 3327Kent & Sussex Scales, 3327porcelain, 3327

weight shaped, 3327Paper weight/letter scales, 2340paper weights, advertising, 3327"Papergoods" (article by Sturgess), 179-189Parcel post, 1036, 1257, 1259, 2307Parcel Post Service

British, 2307rates after, 2307rates before, 2307revision of, 2307scales for, 2307

Parcel scbismar on pillar, 2936-2940candlestick, 623, 1261computing, 2914-2918double pendulum, 317-318, 1076, 1652half-roberval & hanging pan, 133, 940, 1256half-roberval & spring, 623, 1261half-roberval & steelyard, 537, 1028, 1256, 1258, 1260,

1460mkr

Alderman, T W, 40American Machine Co, 983Avery, W & T Ltd, 1260, 1262, 1460Bartlett, C H, 537, 1028, 1256E W, 897, 1258, 1907Fairbanks, 109, 1106Fairbanks & Co, 1106

Gibbs & Co, 753Heller's, Balduin, Söehne, 317-318Kenrick, Alexander & Sons, 1261Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 1076Koch, 1917-1923M & Co, 512, 1257Marion & Co, 1257Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1076, 1652, 1655Mordan, Sampson & Co, 133, 940, 942, 1254-1256Parnall & Sons, 1258, 1456Parnell, 199Ratcliff, Edmund, 1486Salter, Geo, 455, 513, 528, 1123, 1452Salter, Geo & Co, 1123, 2073Turner, Samuel Senior, 2936-2940Ubrig, E, 623, 1261Ubrig, E & Co, 1439

nationalityAmerican, 109, 982-983, 1106British, 133, 199, 455, 512-513, 528, 537, 753, 897,

940, 1028, 1256-1258, 1452, 1460, 1486, 2073

German, 317-318, 623, 1076, 1261, 1652, 1655, 1917-1923

German for export, 317-318, 1261, 1439patentee

Bartlett, C H, 1256Gibson, Donald, 2914-2918Hiscock, W, 1257Lundberg, 596

pendulum, 1076, 1652, 1917-1923pendulum with buffer, 512, 1257registered, Parnall & Sons, 1258retailer

Alderman, T W & Co, 40Waterlow & Sons, 1486

roberval, 1254, 1261roberval & hanging pan, 1256roberval with central pillar, 1261roberval with encased stays, 1486single pendulum, 199, 512, 753spring, 897, 1123, 1258, 1452spring & platform, 1439steelyard & platform, 109, 1106, 1655top-pan spring, 455, 513, 528, 1261, 2073weight-depositing, 982-983see also postal sc

Paris, Henry, partner of Cuthbert, John, 1765Paris Exhibition, 1867 catalogue, 10Paris grains, 1989, 1991Paris hundredweight, 2018Paris mark, 1991Paris ounce, 1991-1992Paris pound

heavy goods, 1991, 1994merchants, 1991, 1994-1995

Parishes, definition, 1895Parker see England, Parker & Sommers; Thomas & ParkerParker, C C & S B

patent, 510, 3234postal sc mkr, 510, 3234

Parker, Chauncey C, postal scale patentee, 3234

Parker, Robert, 2446Parker, Simon B, postal scale patentee, 3234Parker, Thomas

British weights maker, 1017, 3506-3507biography, 3506-3507

pennies, 3507Parker, William

auncel retailer, 1829coin scale retailer, 1829dates, 1829steelyard retailer, 1829successor of Stone, Richard, 1829

Parkes, William see Amos, John & Parkes, WilliamParkins & Gotto, postal sc retailer, 512, 3006Park's, "How I Got Started" (article), 1285-1286Parliament burned, 1154Parliamentary Act of 1705, 3509Parliamentary Copy wts, 812Parliamentary Standard wts, 812Parnall, egg scale maker, 415Parnall see catalogueParnall, H & Sons

retailer of earthenware wts, 143wt mkr, 83, 143, 386, 415

Parnall, Wbeam scale

French stays on, 3405-3406, 3415-3416lyre on, 3416-3417Registration design for, 3416Sharkey ends on, 3415

beam scale maker, 3405-3406, 3414-3417inverted roberval scale, 3405-3406, 3414-3417

Parnall & Sonscheesemongers scale maker, 1456grocers scale maker, 1452, 1456parcel scale maker, 1258, 1456pork curers scale maker, 1456portable beam scale, 1456pot plate, 1452stand scale maker, 1454tea dealers scale maker, 1456trade scale maker, 1452, 1454wholesalers beam scale, 1456

Parnall & Sons Ltd, 83, 143bread, scale maker, 1089counter scale maker, 1645dates, 1447pot plate, 1447steelyard maker, 1458trade scale maker, 1447weight maker, 386, 732see also catalogue

Parnellanglers scale maker, 199parcel scale maker, 199postal scale maker, 199, 428, 1253shop scale maker, 3031

Parnell, W H, American ccd patentee, 1019Parry, Walter, bread scale mkr, 1089Parsons, Sir Charles, 2691Partridge, John

apprentice of Lind, John, 1732

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729coin scale maker, 1729partner of Astill, Susannah, 1732scale maker, 3086-3087successor of Astill & Partridge, 1732

Partridge, ThomasCanadian scale patentee, 3386, 3390see also Turnbull

Pascal, Dominique, French scale maker, 1422Paschal, Thomas, Colonial American inspector of coin wts,

1470Passer, Henry

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1732dates, 1732father of Passer, James, 1736wrongly connected with Williams, Thomas, 1732

Passer, Jamesapprentice of Schooling, James, 1736son of Passer, Henry, 1736

Passing weight, 3145Patent

agate beam, 1442apothecary scale, 3134-3138beam end, 111béranger scale, 1664bilateral pendulum see patent, pendulum bilateralbismar flat rule with notches, 704bismar in pen, 276, 704-706, 931, 992bismar on feed-fork, 669bismar on stand, 568bismar walking-stick, 298, 680bismar with letter-cord, 427-428bismar with letter-opener, 1408bismar with multiple pivots, 400, 454, 680bow-front, 1259candlestick, 1373candlestick hydraulic, 1373candlestick with cord & wheel, 1373candlestick with tapering helical spring, 1375ccd list, 276coin-bender, 621, 841coin-operated pendulum sc, 1629coin-ringing, 841compound bal, 661cord & weight, 1373counter platform sc, 2621-2622

with multiple poises, 2621-2622dates, 396decimal sc, 887-888egg, 376-377, 389, 415, 1659egg tester, 416equal-arm precision bal, 1020equal-arm with arrestment, 263, 271equal-arm with captive wt, 380-381equal-arm with poise, 1400equal-arm with sliding hammers, 103equal-arm with steelyard, 692, 698Fairbanks list, 110first patent for bread, sc, 1088flexure spring, 1376, 1401, 1904-1907, 1931, 1964gauge, 276graduations wide for small units & narrow for large

units, 1657-1658half roberval & pendulum, 379, 484half roberval & spring, 651, 981, 1404half roberval & spring scoop, 490half roberval & steelyard, 232, 537, 539, 930, 1028,

1260, 1403-1404, 1677half roberval & telescopic steelyard, 482, 1021half roberval & weight lifter, 133, 383, 399, 483, 538-

539, 566, 595, 1223hydraulic, 425-426, 510, 679, 963, 1373hydraulic candlestick, 1373hydrostatic steelyard, 268-269, 276ladle, 1945mass stabilised pan, 427moving load, 454, 650moving load clip pulling out of pen, 454moving load for coin & steelyard for letters, 400moving load for gold & moving poise for silver, 990moving load inside pen, 1399moving load with 3 fulcrums & slots for coins, 875moving load with coin platters, 13, 78, 276, 621, 786moving load with coin slots, 14, 275-276, 307, 621,

762-763, 840, 875, 962-964, 1018moving load with coin slots for rolls of coins, 1019moving load with egg-holes, 379moving load with folding beams, 764, 2061moving load with letter slots, 276moving load with spirit-level & graduations, 1619moving load with U-slot, 566pendulous chart, 1655pendulum & cam, 483pendulum & cord, 427pendulum bilateral, 360-361, 1260, 1629-1634, 3190-

3195Austrian, 3190-3191German, 3192Hungarian, 3191-3192

pendulum bilateral heavy-duty, 1633pendulum bilateral with central hanging pan, 1629-

1630pendulum bilateral with coin-in-slot, 1630pendulum bilateral with counter-rotating graduations &

pointer, 317-318, 1629pendulum comma-shaped, 199, 428, 455-456, 707, 990pendulum sc coin-operated, 1629pendulum sc first patent, 269-270, 597-598pendulum single & telescopic load arm, 483, 1405pendulum single hand-held, 484, 1361-1362, 1376,

1402, 1405, 1409pendulum single hydrostatic, 269, 1684pendulum single in lbs per bushel, 80pendulum single with 2 double pointers, 677-678pendulum single with brake, 1408pendulum single with buffer, 512, 1410-1412pendulum single with cam for hanging poise, 483pendulum single with circular dial, 399, 426, 1223,

1362, 1405, 1410-1412, 1649pendulum single with circular dial & 2 load-positions,

1405pendulum single with circular dial & fluid level, 427pendulum single with curved board behind graduated

arc, 1409

pendulum single with damper, 415pendulum single with elbow, 559, 1657-1658pendulum single with fancy pillar, 1372pendulum single with hanging poise, 1375pendulum single with hydraulic ring, 425-426pendulum single with loose poise, 707pendulum single with multiple graduations, 510-511,

622, 677-678, 990pendulum single with offset pointer, 510-511pendulum single with pin-stops, 652pendulum single with self-correcting pivot, 1655pendulum single with sliding poise, 1650pendulum single with tape-measure, 540pendulum single with telescopic arm, 1405pendulum single with tiny ball holding pointer in

position, 1255, 1361, 1406, 1410-1412pendulum single with turn-over poise, 1650pendulum single with two graduations, 559, 1657-1658,

1917-1923pendulum single with two load-positions, 540pendulum single with two pointers, 455-456, 1408-

1409pendulum single with vertical slot for pointer, 484pendulums single two on one stand, 1660-1661pendulums two singles tied together, 1917-1923platform as part of lever-system, 722platform centesimal scale, 886-887platform decimal scale, 227, 887, 1664platform scale, for wagon weighing, 2821-2822platform scale on balls & inclined plane, 549platform scale with 2 poises, 1664platform scale with adjustment screw, 723, 727platform scale with compound levers, 1664platform scale with dial-face, 549platform scale with flexure springs, 549platform scale with loose-wt steelyard, 1636platform scale with pan & wts, 698platform scale with pendulum, 698platform scale with relieving & locking mechanism,

549platform scale with spring, 698platform scale with steelyard, 698, 2821-2822pointer revolving 5 times, 1630poise, 416, 2609-2610poise on disc, 1405poise on elbowed arm, 1658poise sliding, 1650poise turn-over, 1650poise with rotating dial, 2609-2610postal see "Patent Postals"pot plate, 1463printing scales, 2216punched out folded steel, 2045roberval, 717, 2600-2601roberval wt-lifting, 538-539, 566rocker multi-beam, 274rocker multiple, 269, 411, 413, 763, 787, 820, 842, 902,

930, 1019rocker with 2 sets feet, 763, 931rocker with 3 bob-ups, 379rocker with add-on poises, 381, 389rocker with rotating poise, 904

rocker with turn-over poise & loose poises, 379scale-plates, 1445scoop, 488, 492, 2429semi-self indicating, 715sliding beam, 454spring see half-roberval & springspring & dial-face, 425spring & dial-face with linkage-legs, 491spring & dial-face with side-hanger, 547spring & quadrant, 623spring & tape-measure, 538, 547spring & tipped pan, 528spring & two half-roberval linkages, 455, 528spring & unequal arm beam, 425spring & wt-indication, 515spring 1 light & 2 strong, 517spring bow-front, 622, 1259, 1407spring C-spring, 1867spring candlestick, 404spring candlestick & desk-set, 481spring Chatillon list, 88spring compressed inside handle, 489spring compression candlestick, 1373spring cone-shaped candlestick, 1375spring curved plates, 1931spring dial & hanging scoop, 488spring dial & slide, 521spring elliptical, 1905spring flexure with bow additions, 1376spring flexure with coin hanger, 962spring flexure with platform, 549spring flexure with top-pan, 517spring fork inverted to use, 667-668spring fork with exposed spring, 669-670spring fork with spring & dial-face, 670spring in pen, 565, 568, 650spring ladle, 1945spring pointer revolving 5 times, 1630spring Salter list, 549spring scoop & quadrant-chart, 487spring spiral, 1405spring tension candestick, 1373spring top-pan dial-face & half-roberval linkage at 90

degrees, 1262spring tubular & scoop, 491spring with folding handle, 509-510spring with foot-plates on pillar, 554spring with multiple graduations, 567spring with quadrant-dial, 525spring with reverse dial & mirror, 554spring with scissor-grab, 667steelyard accelerating, 624, 678steelyard folding, 2038-2049steelyard for letters & moving load for coins, 400steelyard graduated in A B C & cylindrical card with

moisture loss, 384steelyard hydrostatical, 268steelyard in desk set, 453steelyard inside handle, 490steelyard patents by Fairbanks, 110steelyard with 3 loose poises, 389steelyard with 4 sets graduations, 1147

steelyard with brake, 1092steelyard with cover over knife-edges, 539-540steelyard with detachable beam, 1039steelyard with double beam, 14, 537, 1028steelyard with extending beam, 13, 482, 763, 818, 820steelyard with mass-stabilised pan, 427, 903steelyard with micrometer, 505, 1373steelyard with moving poise for silver & moving load

for gold, 990steelyard with platform, 1664steelyard with poise each side of fulcrum, 143steelyard with poise moving round an arc, 841steelyard with raised diameter-checker, 931steelyard with rotating beam, 652steelyard with rotating poise, 14, 903, 2060steelyard with swivelling pan, 1092steelyard with turn-over beam, 509-511steelyard with turn-over poise, 1091steelyard with two poises, 1374steelyard within 4 legged-frame, 819swan neck end, 1442top pan spring, 455torsion, 998, 2610unequal arm beam, 379, 400, 566-567, 661, 708, 921unequal arm beam with coins as poises, 991US, photo, 2818walking-stick steelyard, 298weighbridge, 655-661, 692-699, 723-724, 2211-2212weighbridge with bearings in oil-boxes, 692weighbridge with fusee cam & hanging poise, 692weighing machine for locomotives, 1664weighing scoops list, 492weight-depositing, 982weight-lifting, 383, 399, 410, 483, 538-539, 566, 596

Patent & Trademark Office, German, 3190Patent attorney

AmericanBarnes, Stuart C, 3245Barnes & Kisselle, 3245Barthel & Barthel, 3245Fisk , Charles H, 3245Hardesty , Francis C, 3245Kerr, Page, Cooper & Hayward, 3245Pagelsen, 3245Sprague, Tho & Son, 3245Whittemore, Hulbert & Whittemore, 3245

Patent model, 2736-2738, 2819-2820, 2821-2822Daniels, William, patentee, 2821-2822Fairbanks & Co, 1114history of, 2736-2738, 2819Howes Scale, 2736-2738museum, 2819-2820Reynolds, W W, patentee, 2736-2738Usher, John H, patentee, 2822

Patent OfficeKaiserliches Königliches Pantenamt, 3191US, 2819

"Patent Postals" (article by Crawforth), 398-400, 425-428, 453-456, 481-484, 509-512, 537-540, 565-568, 595-596, 621-624, 650-652, 677-680, 704-708

Patent systemBritish, definition, 396-397

French, 1367-1376Patentee

AmericanAlbracht, M J Jr, 3139Allender, J, 13, 78-79, 788, 960American Machine Co, 982Amet, Edward, 2430Armchambault, 3245Atwater, J B, 963Aubron, Thomas J, 3257Bachmann, E, 964Baker, A J & Simonton, J W, 903Baldwin, Leroy W, 2431Bartlett, L, 492Becker, Christian, 1002Behrens, Henry J, 3045, 3242-3243Bensinger, J M, 492Bernstein, Aaron David, 1950Berquist, P J, 492Berrian, 754Beutler, 3245Blackhart, J W, 667, 671Bragin, L, 875, 1018Buckingham, 3245Carrington,J T, 3045, 3242-3243Carter, Charles D, 2609-2610, 3246Chandler, E C, 671Chapman, M E, 382Chatillon, 88, 650, 1463Chatillon, John & Sons, 1557, 1594-1596Clark, M, 963Clausen, 3282Clay, A B, 671Clupka, D J, 492Computing Scale Co, 216Conway, George, 2613, 2614Corbin, 2230Crofford, C B, 491, 492Culmer, J W, 217, 217Culmer, Woodruff, 2205Cummings, D, 2061Cyrani, Albert, 3134-3138Daniels, William, 2821-2822Davenport, 2424Davidson, W H, 489, 492Davies, W G, 492Dawson, George E, 3245Dearborn, Benjamin, 2064, 2639-2640Dearborn, Benjamin & West, U & Loring, D, 2064Deland, P, 492Dodge Scale Co, 505Doherty, P, 874, 876Douglas, N S, 492Du Brul, Napoleon, 2615-2616Dunn, 2230Ellis, T T, 492Emanuel, B D, 492, 2230Ernst, H, 492Eschemann, W & Co, 958Fairbanks, 143, 1017Fairbanks, E & T, 110, 550, 723-724, 1017, 2344Fairbanks, Henry, 110, 724

Fairbanks, Thaddeus, 110, 143, 396, 426-427, 723, 1169, 3061

Fairbanks, Thaddeus & Horace, 110Fairbanks, Thaddeus & Paddock, H, 110Fairchild, Allen W, 3245Farnum, William, 2412-2414, 2823-2824Felix, L, 671Field, S A, 930Finch, F E, 1019first read American Patent Models, 1113-1115Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 1039, 2039-2048Fox, H H, 492Fries, Alfred, 2612-2613Gaston, Augustine, J, 2979-2983Gibson, Donald, 2914-2918Gilfillan, E N, 2878-2879Gilfillan, Essington Nuell, 1370, 1407Granat & Lamott, 492Haas, W W, 991Hallock, David, 3320Hansen, Marius, 2952-2955, 2972-2973Hanssen, Stan, 2974-2977Harris, Sandy, 3110-3112, 3115-3116Harris, William F, 2227-2228, 2230Heaney, D, 670-671Heizer, E L & A I, 492Herper, F J, 819Herr, Henry C, 3244Hibbard, 2639Himottu, A, 49, 492Hoag, G, 14, 930, 932Holtzhouser,Jacob P, 3383, 3390Hoover, Clem, 2230Hopkins, Isaac Stiles, 2812Howe, F C, 489, 491, 492Howe Scale Co, 1527Hunter, J W, 492Hurd, A B, 492Hyde, William A, 3467-3472Jaenichen, Louis, 3244, 3252Jiffy-way, 378Keeler, J F, 2688, 2703Kellogg, Dr. John Harvey, 3245Kent, William, 2612-2613King, B W, 3259-3260King, Bert, 3244Klippert Vogt & Weiland, 492Knight, E, 990, 2061Kohn, G, 492Kopp, Reinhold A, 3095Kronenberg, E, 763, 902Lamott see Granat & LamottLanger, G, 492Laurence, 2825Lawrence,J Franklin, 3125-3126Leary, J I, 492LeBert, C A, 492Leuders, E, 931Mandolf, H I & Morrow, J R, 2945-2946Maranville, H, 13-14, 818-820, 903, 2060Marston, N B, 669, 671Martin, F H, 492

Mathivet,Jean Victor, 3383Matos, Louis A, 3116-3118Maul, Philipp Jakob, 361Maxwell, W, 490, 492McKiernan, B, 492McMillan, John, 3265-3266, 3281McNally, J T & Harrison W H, 15, 962, 2410Mery, M L, 489, 492Michalis, Clarence, 2612-2614Moore & Thompson, 492Morehead, J H, 492Munson, 3262Nolan, John H, 3162-3171O'Neil, J K, 488, 492, 666, 671Osborn, Francis Conrad, 3241, 3252Owens, T D Jnr, 492Ozias, A N, 2206Ozias, O O, 217, 2204-2206Paddock, H see patentee, American, Fairbanks,

Thaddeus & Paddock, HPainter, W, 820Peck, 2639Perry, Thomas D, 3262Phinney, W H, 2210, 2638Pitrat, 2205Pitrat, Julius E, 2199-2208, 2232-2238Porter, T I, 1018Powell, E E, 379-380, 1280Preston, William B, 508Purnell, E E, 2061Purnelle, E, 990Reinhardt, Charles, 3134-3138Reynolds, W W, 2736-2738, 2756Rice, W H, 902Richardson, G L, 669, 671Richtmann, C, 990, 2061, 3196-3200Riess, R W, 275, 992Roberts, C H, 490, 492Roberts, D L, 514Robinson, H G, 13, 1020, 2061Roeder, Frederick A & Springer, Alfred, 997,

2610-2615Rogers, S A, 2064Ross, Thomas, 2756Runge,Frederick W, 3383, 3390Sachse, Herman Paul, 3093-3094Saddler, M D, 1020Sanderson, W H, 2205, 3012Schmolz, W, 1020Schultz, 3245Scott, M, 671Shaler, Ruben, 2647-2649Shipman, 487, 490Sleeper, A J, 3045, 3242-3243Smith, A U, 2205Smith, Gideon B, 13, 787Smith & Wells, 962Smyth, David M, 3426-3431Snow, J H, 492Sprague, Carleton W, 2501Squyer, Oscar, 1905Stevens, F M, 670-671

Stevens, Frederick M, 3095Stewart, G A, 671Stewart, J B, 667, 671Stiebel, H G Jnr, 492Stimpson, Walter Franklin, 3241-3242, 3244, 3246,

3246-3249Street, E, 931Strong, Francis M, 2756Sutton, J W, 875, 904Swank, A L, 492Taylor, D O, 492Thompson see Moore & ThompsonThompson, A M & M D, 2342Thompson, J A, 14, 761, 840, 876, 931Triner, 651Turnbull, 877, 981Turnbull, Andrew, 3382, 3384-3392Vogt see Klippert, Vogt & WeilandWalborn, H I, 3246Weaver, Henry M., 2511, 2512-2513Weber, Mathias C., 3459, 3460Weber, Mathias J., 3459, 3460Weiland see Klippert, Vogt & WeilandWest, A A, 492White, O C, 382, 389Wiarda, J, 875Williams, John, 3243, 3245Willis, H M, 2407-2408Willis,H M, 3282Wooley, Leonidas J, 3244Zimmer, B, 2295Zwiesler, L, 492

American, 361, 1633-1634, 1655, 1657-1658Austrian, Baldwin Heller's Söhne, 3191Bohemian, Baldwin Heller's Söhne, 3190British

Albracht, M F see Horn & Albracht; patentee, British, Horn & Albracht

Albracht, M F Jr, 3139Andrew, J, 276Armaud, P, 426Automatic Scale Co, 715Avery, W & T, 726, 805Avery & Timson, 677-678Bache, E W see Bache, E W; Salter, Geo & Co LtdBailey, W H see Wilson, R & Bailey, W HBanks, J see Weerasinghe, B E & Banks, JBeckman, O, 624Béranger & Cie, 1664, 2602Bergman & Slack, 1932Bernstein, Aaron David, 1950Berry, Miles, agent, 724, 2349Betjemann, G W, provisional, 456Bevis & Clayton, 1933Blacklock & Hynes, 565-566, 622Bonneville, H A, agent, 455Boult, A J, 595Bourne, T, 2216Bradford see Hulls & BradfordBramall & Brookes-King, 453British Duplex Seals Ltd, 1965Brocklebank, T A, 483

Brookes, agent, 539Brookhouse, R, 416Brown, Alfred, 2932-2933Brown, Isaac, 1414Brussaut, P A, 2601Burrows, P F M, 650Butes, E, provisional, 454Chappell, J, 596Chatillon, 88Clais, J S, 269-270, 276, 573, 597, 606-607, 1724Clark see Gilmore & ClarkClark, W, agent, 454Clarke & Spinks, 276Cook, M G, 539, 622Cope & Cope Ltd, 415Cotton, W, 103Dampier, E, 398-399, 1223Davis, G, 269, 274, 276, 717Day, William Chambers, 1636, 2216Day & Millward, 1442DeGrave, 2331Deschamps, J, 509, 510Deyerlein, Johann Georg, agent, 888Dowling, Edward, 1445Downing, J S, 511Duplex Handy Scale, 1945Edgell, James, 661Elfick, 2331Evans, T, 2210Everitt, P, 518, 549, 2216, 2423-2426Exact Weight Scale Co, 704-705Fairbanks, E & T, 723, 2344, 2349Fairbanks, F, 396, 509, 511Fanner, 2331Fidler, M & J see Watkins & FidlerFoley, J S see patentee, British, Salter, G & Foley, J

SFord, Richard, 1508Freeman, M, 399, 400Gilfillan, E N, 622-623Gilmore & Clark, 538Golaz, J, 622Greenbury, J, 565Haddan, H J, agent, 539-540Hall, N R, 147, 198, 428, 2209Hall, R F, 549Hamilton, G, 425-426Hancock, A, 595Harper, John & Co Ltd & Crowley, C, 765, 1964Harrison see McNally & HarrisonHass, Jacob, 2216Hatch, G C, 481Hedicke, M, agent, 81Heller's, Balduin Söehne, 318Henry, S, 263, 271, 276, 282Herbert, G, 549Herbert & Sons, 1725Hiscock, W, 483-484, 509, 511, 1255, 1257Hooper, H, 2, 19Horn & Albracht, 510, 622, 3482Hotson, J H, 705Hughes, J see patentee, British, Salter, T B &

Hughes, JHughes, J R, 549Hughes, John, 516, 549Hulls & Bradford, 268, 276, 313, 394, 1309Hunt, J, 380Hutchinson's Scale Co, 2192Hynes, M see patentee, British, Blacklock & HynesJackson, C see Pearce, L H & Jackson, CJames, W H, 2300Jiffy-Way, 378Joksch, R, 678Juris, F, 705, 706Krausse, K L, 624Lake, W R, agent, 510Langhorn see Mordan & LanghornLaughlin, 411Laughton, G, 482, 1021Leni, C, 1931Lundberg, G, 595Mackenzie, J, 484Mahloy, 679McGiehan, I S, 621-622Mees, A B, 651Merlin, Charles, 721Mordan & Langhorn, 652Moul, H E, 679Murray, T S, 678Nadal, J, 511Paddock, H, 110Parker see Thomas & ParkerParker, C C & S B, 510Pauly, Jean Samuel, 1902-1903Peijus, A H, 377, 384Peppe, G T, 427Pieper, C, 517Pooley, Henry, 727, 2212Poupard, Frederick A & Co, 1330Poupard, Thomas James, 1330Poupard, William, 1330Quintenz, A, 227, 722Ragg, A E, 481, 538, 540, 753, 1253, 1361, 3473,

3479, 3481Ratcliff, J & E, 1227Reiss, R W, 275-276, 992Roebuck, John, 692Rolle, 888Rowe, A G, 707Rueprecht, A, 718Ruhland, R, 678Rulke, C, 708Rys, V, 679Salmon, Robert, 692Salter, G & Foley, J S, 549Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 549, 1984Salter, Geo & Co Ltd & Bache, E W, 549Salter, Geo & Co Ltd & Hughes, J, 549Salter, Geo & Co Ltd & Wyatt, F, 549Salter, George I, 515, 549, 1508Salter, George II, 516, 549Salter, T B, 545, 549Salter, T B & Hughes, J, 549Saltinstall-Taylor, T & H, 650

Sartorius, Erich, 836Savoure, J P, 276, 400Schneckenberger, E, 704-705Schopper, L, 80Schwilgué, J-B, 888Sharkey, P H, 111, 312Siebe, Augustus, 66, 1882, 1886, 1902Silvester, John, 515, 549Silvester, Thomas, 515, 549Slotosch, M, 298, 680Smith, A, 427-428Smith, F H, 566Snell, S, 567, 568Spinks see Clarke & SpinksStarratt & Masters, 666Staudenmaier, C, 396, 652Suffield, S W, 566-568, 1030, 2937-2939Sydney, S, 276Thiele, F A, 825Thomas, Geo & Co Ltd, 1103Thomas & Parker, 376-377Timson, W see patentee, British, Avery & TimsonTozer, W, 537, 549Treff, K, 307Triner, J M, 651Ubrig, Emil, 517, 623Ward, T H, 1931Watkins & Fidler, 565-566Watson, R, 539-540Webster, J, 425, 547, 549Wedderburn, 275-276, 621-622Weekes, T, 2216Weerasinghe & Banks, 704Weintraud & Co Ges, 707Wertheim, P, 705, 706Whitmore, William, 692, 1508Wight, 396, 481Willis, 398-399, 1223, 2600Winfield, Robert Walter, 404Wyatt, John, 2211-2212Wyatt F see patentee, British, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd

& Wyatt, FCanadian, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 361Czech Republic, Baldwin Heller's Söhne, 3190Dutch

Albracht, M J Jr, 3139, 3482Case, Cesar, 1879

FrenchAlbinet, Jean & Audouin, Jean, 1370, 1408Albracht, M J Jr, 3139, 3482Armand, P, 426Audouin, Jean see patentee, French, Albinet, Jean

& Audouin, JeanBéranger, Joseph & Maag, 1664, 2602Bergman & Slack, 1932Bernstein, Aaron David, 1950Briais, N E, 446, 1370, 1375, 1403-1404, 1535,

1904, 3478-3482Briais, Victor, 1370, 1403Burdet see Thiebaud, A & BurdetDupas see Michalet, E M & Dupas, H GFauvel, Louis Alexandre, 1370, 1375

Fayard, Jean Joseph, 888Frey, Gustave, 1370, 1400Gilfillan, Essington Nuell, 1370, 1407Gnutchel, M, 1370, 1409Guerin, Rene, 1370, 1374Hall, Nathaniel Richard, 1370, 1402Hanin, 1867Laborde, Denise Lucile, 1370, 1372Maag see Béranger & MaagManchet, Jules Auxene, 1370, 1376Merlin, Charles, 721Michalet, E M & Dupas, H G, 1370, 1401, 1907Monchicourt, Desire Valentine, 1370, 1399Quintenz, F A, 721Read, Robert Hamilton, 1370, 1408Restorf, G, 1370, 1406, 3479, 3481Ruhland, M, 1370, 1409Schwilgue, J-B, 888Susse, Michel Victor, 1370, 1373Telesnitsky, Vsevolod, 1370, 1410Thiebaud, A & Burdet, 1370, 1401Valette fils, 1370, 1374Weber, Jules Henri, 1370, 1405Widmann, E W, 3282

GermanAlbracht, M J Jr, 3139, 3482Automat, 1631-1632Béranger, Joseph, 2602Bernstein, Aaron David, 1179, 1950Bernstein, Alex, 66, 1950Bernstein, Alex & Co, 842Bischoff, 3463Georg Hahn, 3192Hahn, George, 1629-1630Hartner, G, 1707Heller's, Balduin Söehne, 317Keppeler, J A, 2322Koch, Ferdinand & Carl, 1917-1923Lindemann, Ottocar, 3360Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1620-1621, 1633-1634, 1655,

1657-1658, 1660Pfanzeder, Georg, 2602Pfitzer Bros, 2602Quintenz, F A, 722, 887Reitze, August, 1177-1181, 2275Rueprecht, 718Sartorius, Erich, 836Staub, 1073, 1790

Hungarian, Baldwin Heller's Söhne, 3191-3192Prussian

Bernstein, Aaron, 1179Reitze, August, 1179

Spanish, Treff, Kelman, 307Swiss, Gros, Henri, 387

"Patently Interesting (N R Hall)" (article by Crawforth), 198-199, 3281

Patentsanalysis, 1368German Law of (1877), 2278US Commissioner of, 2819use for research, 2890

Patents Office

American, 1113-1115, 2096, 2819dates, 1113

Austrian, 3191German, 3192Hungarian, 3191

Paterson, Carol, biography, 2709Patina, 251, 1209, 1232, 1238, 3155-3156Patination, black, 1205Pattison, William, sc mkr, 3089Paul, Derek, paper scale maker, 3505Paul, Moses

apprentice of Rubidge, James, 1737dates, 1737possibly succeeded by Paul, Thomas (line wrongly

drawn), 1737Paul, Robert W

precision bal mkr, 1822retailer of magnetic bal, 1754scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Paul, Thomasdates, 1737possible successor of Paul, Moses (line wrongly

drawn), 1737Pauly, Jean Samuel, patentee, 1902-1903, 2089Paupier, L

C-spring mkr, 1873tension tester mkr, 1873

Pawl see NibPawson see Vandome, Titfords & PawsonPayne, Benjamin Matthew

apprentice of Astill, William, 1726, 1737, 1740branch in Birmingham, 1726, 1740coin sc mkr, 80, 2402, 2445dates, 1727grain sc mkr, 80, 1727master of Ovenden, James, 1731master of Phillips, Samuel, 1731, 1737master of Saunders, Charles, 1737master of Saunders, Edward, 1737master of Shenston, James Templar, 1737master of Walker, Edward, 1737partner of Astill, Susannah, 1732partner of Ovendon, James, 1732succeeded by Payne, George, 1740succeeded by Payne, John, 1740succeeded by Payne & Ovendon, 1732successors of Astill & Payne, 1732

Payne, Georgein Birmingham, 1740dates, 1740successor of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1740

Payne, Johnin Birmingham, 1740dates, 1740successor of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1740

Payne, Thomasapprentice of Hurley, Jonathan, 1733apprentice of John, Fish, 1733

Payne & Ovendonapothecary sc mkr, 1732dates, 1732

Payne, Benjamin Matthew & Ovendon, James, 1732succeeded by Ovendon, James, 1732succeeded by Shenstone, James, 1732successors of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1732

Peacock, William, sc mkr, 3090Peacock's "Response to Bate" (article), 2333Peanut sc, spring, 544Pearce see postal sc, retailer, Barnicott & PearcePearce, George

connected with Pearce, Samuel?, 1731in Mile End, 1742partner of Fletcher, Mrs S, 1731see also Fletcher & Pearce

Pearce, L H & Jackson, C, patentee, 567-568Pearce, Samuel

in Bethnal Green, 1742connected with Pearce, George?, 1731dates, 1731sc mkr, 1731

Pearl, kitchen sc, 546Pears three mark (Worcester), 1928Peck, John

apprentice of Smith, William, 1730, 1733dates, 1730master of Hunt, William, 1730master of Mattocks, Charles Meares, 1731master of Miles, William Henry, 1733succeeded by Webb & Skinner, 1730, 1746

Peck, Stow & WilcoxAmerican sc mkr, 1555, 1808, 2412P S & W, 1808spring bal mkr, 1555steelyard mkr, 1808

Peck loaf, 1058Peck measure, American, 1137, 1139Peck scoop, 1461, 1546Pee Co, mark on wts, 94Peget, 1075Pegolotti, Francesco, 2217-2219

14th C merchant, 1987-1996, 2016-2024, 2217-2219author of Practica della Mercatura, 1987-1996, 2219work of, 2107

Peirce, Charles, 3147-3148scientist, 3147-3148

Peirson, Thomas, wt mkr, 1043Pell, Thomas

apprentice of Pollard, Thomas, 1730dates, 1730master of Plivey, William, 1730

PelouzeAmerican sc mkr, 1259, 1261, 1555, 1671-1674bow-front postal, 1259, 1672Countess trade mark, 1672Crescent trade mark, 371, 1672Duchess trade mark, 1672postal sc mkr, 623, 1259, 1261Princess trade name, 1671registered design, 1673-1674spring bal mkr, 623, 1259, 1555, 1671-1673, 2000spring bal patentee, 1671-1673spring exposed, 2000Tiffany mechanism mkr, 2634

see also catalogue"Pelouze Bow-front Postal Scales" (article by Laycock),

2877-2881, 3281Pelouze Scale & Mfg Co, 2000"Pelouze Straight Spring Balance" (article by Stein T),

2000Pen & postal sc, spring, 552, 650, 1682Pen sc, 513, 552, 565, 568, 596, 624Pencil/pen sc see Postal scPencil sc, postal, 446, 454, 1262-1263, 1399Pendant, definition, 283Pendulous chart, patent, 1655Pendulous pointer see PointerPendulous sc

pendulum, 1676, 2771see also béranger sc

Pendulum & half-roberval see half-roberval & pendulum"Pendulum Egg Scales"(article by Amsbaugh), 3483-3487Pendulum letter scale, 3196-3200, 3323-3325, 3337-3341,

3379-3381Pendulum sc, 132-133, 199, 1264, 2192, 2767-2774, 2845-

2846, 3323-3325, 3337-3341, 3379-3381, 3426-3427, 3461-3487

(article), 198-199, 571-578, 602-609, 3323-3325, 3337-3341, 3379-3381, 3401-3403, 3426-3427, 3461-3487

& steelyard, 559with added poise, 2772-2773apothecary, 1654, 2769asparagus, 1655with bent fixed rack, 3323with bent rack, 3323bilateral, 283, 317, 361, 753, 1260, 1629-1630, 1632-

1634, 2773-2774, 3190-3195brake, 1408butchers, 559butter, 2192with cam & cord, 2772chemical, 559with circular dial, 3323-3325cloth, 1168coin, 199, 269, 541, 576, 597, 607, 990, 1684, 1850-

1851, 2769coin-operated, 1629Columbus, 1652-1653counter, 1318with damper, 2770, 2772dates, 1073definition, 283, 571designer

Braby, James, 1911-1914Brander, G F, 573, 605Brequin, Col de, 608Clais, J S, 573, 1073, 2767Clais, Johann Sebastian, 1073, 2767da Vinci, Leonardo, 572, 2767de Vinci, L, 572Hahn, Philipp Matthaus, 572, 1073, 2767Kuhn, H, 573Lambert, J H, 573, 2767Ludlam, W, 572, 1073Magalhaens, J H, 573

Rowse, 573Staub, 1073

double, 959, 1629-1634, 1651-1653, 1659parcel, 317-318, 1076, 1652

double ducat, 541double fulcrum, 2845-2846, 2861-2865ease of use, 1368egg, 373, 379, 381, 383, 415, 417, 921-924, 1313-1316,

2769, 2771encased, 1174, 1404engraved, 1220fan, 229farm, 3401-3403first used in England, 1913fixed chart, 1650fixed graduated arc, 2771fixed pointer design, 1627, 2770-2771French, 1361-1362, 1676, 2770-2771geometric, 1223German, 3379-3381, 3463-3466gilt, 1220grain, 80, 753half roberval, 622hinged poise, 1076history, 2767-2769Hungarian ducat, 228, 541with inkwells, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1683kitchen, 572, 608, 765-766, 772, 1654, 1911mkr

A E, 641Anscheutz & Co see Anscheutz & SchlaffAnscheutz & Schlaff, 269, 597, 1850-1851, 2767Arc Scale Co, 2845-2846, 2861-2865Automat, 1260Avery, W & T, 677, 959, 2769Avery, W & T Ltd, 1318Blechemballage-fabrik, 2772-2773Bowman, 3337-3341Braby, James, 772, 1911Brander, G F, 573Briais, Narcissé, 1253, 1404, 1406, 1649-1650,

1676, 2769, 2771-2772, 3478-3482Brower Mfg Co, 922, 924C H S Industries Inc, 417Casartelli, 1168Christofle, 219-220, 1676Cooke, J, 199Cope & Cope Ltd, 415, 921Dampier, 399, 1913Deinert, P, 541Eschemann, W & Co, 958F L & Co, 285Gibbs & Co, 753Gorham, 1077, 1668, 1687Hall, Nathaniel, 198-199, 707, 1253, 1403, 1913Hartner, 381Heath, J, 199Heeley, J & Sons, 199, 456Heller's, B & Söhne, 317-318, 3323Hilton, 772Horn & Albracht, 511, 3482Houghton & Gunn, 512

Hund, G, 220, 2770J H S see Heath, JohnJiffy-Way, 379JMAZ see Maul, JacobKahlert Mfg Co, 1313Kern, 2770Kitway, 772Knight, E, 990Koch, 1917-1923Leopold, J, 578Leunig, F & Co, 505, 602, 1697-1698M & Co see Marion & CoM in star see Maul, Philipp JakobMarion & Co, 512, 1257, 1406, 2769, 3152Maul, Jacob, 980Maul, Philipp Jakob, 360-361, 415, 559, 1076,

1409, 1627-1636, 1649-1666, 1698-1700, 2771-2773, 3323-3325

Melliship & Harris, 512Parkins & Gotto, 512Parnall, 415Parnell, 199, 428, 1253Place, F, 572Pradel, 50, 220, 2770Prospectus Mfg Co, 922, 3307Ratcliff, J & E, 133Reliable Automatic Dial, 379Riddle, Gabriel, 1913Rouse, 573, 605Schember, C & Söhne, 1699Schopper, Louis, 80, 602, 753, 1174, 1697-1698Specialty Mfg Co, 415Starke & Kammerer, 872Tacho, 959Testut, 1913, 2770-2771Thorne-Foster, 2770Toledo, 224, 2769-2770Turner, S Sen, 373, 381Weintraub & Co, 2773Weintraud & Co Ges, 707Zenith, 379, 415

modifications, 2774moisture content, 260moving graduations & pointer, 2774with moving load, 2767-2768, 2773with multi-pivot point for poise, 2772-2773with multiple fulcrums, 2773nationality

American, 224, 379, 415, 417, 772, 922, 922-924, 1077, 1313, 1668, 1687, 3196-3200, 3426-3427

French, 1252-1253, 1401, 1404German, 1627-1636, 3379-3381Swiss, 562

paper, 285, 505, 602, 1654, 1692, 1697-1700, 1704, 2769

parcel, 199, 512, 753, 1076, 1652, 1917-1923patent, 80, 199, 269, 379, 399, 415, 426-428, 455-456,

484, 510-512, 540, 559, 597, 622, 652, 678-679, 1223, 1361, 1401, 3196-3199, 3426-3427

patenteeAlbinson, J H & Cocker, H H, 1176

Anscheutz & Schlaff, 2767, 2770Automat, 1631-1632Balduin Heller's Sohne, 1176, 3323-3325Batt, 2773-2774Bischoff, 3463-3466Bodmer, R, 1176Boman, Reginald, 3337-3341Braby, T, 2768Briais, N, 2769, 2771-2772, 3478-3482British Research Association & Barker, S G &

Hedges, J J, 1176Clais, J S, 268, 270, 276, 573, 597, 2767Cope & Cope Ltd, 415Dampier, E, 399Everitt, 2774Fauvel, L A, 1375Foley, J S, 549Golaz, J, 622Gotlieb, Kern & Sohn, 2769-2770Gould, Chester, 2767Guérin, 2768Guérin, R, 1374Hahn, George, 1629-1630Hall, Nathaniel, 199, 428, 707, 991, 1403, 2768Hedicke, M, 80Hiscock, W, 509, 512, 1255Horn & Albracht, 510-511, 2768, 3482James, W H, 2768Knight, E, 990Laborde, D L, 1372MacKenzie, J, 484Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1633, 2771-2773, 3323McGiehan, I S, 621-622Peppe, G T, 427Ragg, A E, 484, 538, 540, 753, 1253, 1361, 1410-

1412, 2769, 3473, 3479, 3481Restorf, 1410-1412, 2772, 3479, 3481Richtmann, Charles, 3196-3200Riddle, Gabriel, 2768Rowe, A G, 707Saladin, L J B, 1176Salter, G, 549Smyth, 2771, 3426-3427Staudenmaier, C, 396, 652Thiebaud, A & Burdet, 1401Tomkins, M H, 1176Watkins, 2774Winnlaw, 2767-2768Witherell, 2773, 2845-2846, 2861-2865

patents see patent, pendulumpendulous, 1655, 1676, 2771-2772person, 2769, 2774photographic, 1654, 1656, 2769with pillar or casing, 2768-2770plastic, 1264platform, 3426-3427postal, 50, 132-133, 199, 220, 317, 368, 399, 428, 456,

511-512, 562, 571, 652, 677, 707, 753, 871, 958, 980, 990, 1077, 1220-1225, 1253-1257, 1264-1265, 1289, 1292, 1361-1362, 1374-1376, 1385, 1403-1412, 1627-1636, 1649-1668, 1676, 1681, 1683, 1687, 2768-2774,

3321-3325, 3337-3341, 3379-3381, 3463-3466precision, 872with quadrant dial, 3379-3381, 3426-3427, 3463-3466rack & pinion, 1649, 3323with rack and pinion, 3323ration book sc, 224rectangular, 1409registered design, 1220reproduction, 144retailer

Asprey, 1676Black, Starr & Frost, 1668Hartner, G, 1698-1700Illfelder, Jos, 1253Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 1076Mardon, A H, 1697Marion, A, 1255Mermod, Jaccard & Co, 1668Perry & Co, 1253

revolving pointer, 1649silver, 1385sliding poise, 1650with straight movable rack, 3323with straight rack, 3323telescopic arm, 1405three load pivots, 609, 1914tin-plate, 1256torsion balance, 2772trade, 641, 2769with turn-over poise, 1650, 3379-3381, 3463-3466two load pivots, 753, 772, 1911two pointers, 1405, 1408-1409yarn, 572, 605, 1073, 1174, 1309, 1654, 2769

Penkethman's Artachthos, 1053Penn, William, 3220, 3224Penn Scale Mfg Co Inc, trip sc, 647Pennies

called esterlins, 1561English, 1561

Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of, 3220Penny, English Sterling, 1988Penny post, 2, 1224-1233, 3099Penny Postal Services, 1226Pennypacker, Governor Samuel W, 3220, 3222-3223

of Pennsylvania, 3220-3223Pennypacker, Samuel Whitaker, biography, 3222-3223Pennyweights see weights, denomination"Pennyweights and Grains," 2476"Pennywise, Not Pound Foolish part 1, 1884-1900" (article

by Willard), 2423-2433"Pennywise, Not Pound Foolish part 2, 1887-1920" (article

by Willard), 2457-2463Peppe, G T, patentee, 427Pepperers' Guild Co, 1994, 2019

see also Grocers' CoPercentage sc, definition, 283Percentage sc see moisture content, scPerfad see PerfasPerfas

instructions, 1569-1571steelyard mkr, 647, 1525

Perfect, trademark see Martin, Henry

Perfectionegg sc mkr see Pacific Poultry Appliance Cosee also Triner

Perfection egg grader, 3257-3258advertisment for, 3258invented by Aubron, Thomas J, 3257made by Aubron, Thomas J, 3257-3258made by Gustzwiller, John, 3257-3258made by Perfection Egg Scale Co, 3258made in Capac, MI, 3258made in Michigan, 3257-3258made in Royal Oak, MI, 3258sold to Kuhl Corporation, 3258

Perfection Scale, 3320patentee, Hallock, David, 3320

Perfection Scale Comaker of Perfection scale, 3320Philadelphia, PA, 3320

Periodicals, list of useful, 2094Perit, 1075Perkin, William Henry, inventor of aniline dye, 1862Perkins, Goodwin & Co, American sc retailer, 1697Perkins, J, American ccd patentee, 2064Perpetration of fraud, inspectors, 1591-1597Perry, James & Co, 3181

addresses, 3185adjusting letter balance, 3185

by Brias, 3185brass roberval, 3186dates, 3184-3185iron balance, 3181iron postal scale, 3183-3184iron roberval, 3183-3184mauchline bismar of Smith, 3186patent bar letter balance, 3185pens, 3184pens made by Mason, J, 3184pens made by Sommerville, 3184pens made by Wiley, 3184pocket postal, 3184

Hall's patent, 3184selling Briais postal, 3184-3185selling Hall's postal, 3184-3185selling Marion, 3187selling Mauchline bismar postal, 3186selling Salter postal, 3185selling STS postal, 3186-3187weights, 3181

Perry, W G & Son, grocers sc retailer, 559Perry & Co

bismar mkr, 1359-1360, 3006postal sc retailer, 428, 481-482, 1253, 1792, 3030,

3183-3188"Perry's Sample & Book Post Scale" (article by

Hutchinson), 3183-3188Perry's Story of Standards (review), 187Person sc

accuracy, 3baby, 185, 335, 338, 516, 526, 562, 1294bathroom, 177, 543, 554club, 18, 1439, 1709coin operated, 518, 717, 980, 1706-1712

definition, 221, 224-225, 283, 2240-2241destruction, 555infant, 516jockey, 18, 60, 547, 2588mkr

Alexanderwerk, 2169-2170, 2240-2242Avery, W & T, 60, 224Avery, W & T Ltd, 1706British Automatic Co, retailers, 518Burchfield, Thomas & Son, 1732Caille Brothers, 2459Carnegie & Layton Ltd, 1707Casella, L, 1716Catenot, 2451Chatillon, John & Sons, 335, 338, 450Chicago Recording Co., 2430-2431Chicago Recording Scale Co., 2459Clawson Machine Co., 2459Columbus, 2425-2426Davis, A B & Co, 785Day & Millward Ltd, 1707, 1709De Vilbiss Scale Co., 2460Fairbanks, 177, 676Fairbanks, Morse & Co, 184Fairbanks & Co, 177, 676, 2423-2426Fey, 2460Haas, Jacob B, 694-695Hamilton Scale Co, 1711-1712Hanin fils, 1867, 2451Hanson, 1710Hartner, G, 1707Howe, 2424Hughes see Salter, Geo & CoJennings, 2462Jones of Binghamton, 562Marriott, Henry, 1903, 2588Melot & Putzeys, 1294Merlin, John Joseph, 694, 1720, 1724, 2451Mettez & Cie, 2435Mills, 2459Moore Talking Scale Co., 2459National Automatic Weighing Machine Co., 2457National Novelty Co., 2431Pacific Scale Works, 2461Public Scale, 2430, 2461Reimann, 2454-2456Rosenfield Manufacturing Co., 2458Salter, Geo & Co, 536, 547, 925, 1708, 2354, 2424,

2588Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 516, 518, 526, 543, 547, 554,

1984, 2588Siebe, Augustus, 1886, 2451Toledo Scale Co., 2459-2460Ubrig, E & Co, 1439, 1706, 2455-2456US Machine & Invention Co., 2426-2427US Machine & Inventions Co., 2453Watling, 2459-2460, 2462Weeks, Thomas, 694, 2425-2426Young & Son, 18, 113, 2588

Mr. Peanut, 1711-1712patents, 518, 543private use, 18, 113, 177, 224, 547, 1439, 1983

spring, 333-338, 516, 518, 526, 547, 554, 925, 1439, 1984

steelyard, 15, 18, 562, 695, 2461, 2463unequal-arm, 694see also book, useful, American Weigh

"Person Scales into Bay," 2476"Person weights, c. 1880" (article), 2463Peru

Hacienda de Desagravio, 2903Irish name for reale, 1848

Peruvian, bone beam, 2150Peruvian scales, 2903-2911

seitivity of, 2909Peruvian weight sites

location of, 2904map of, 2904

Pesetas, Spanish coinage, 307Peso, Spanish colonial coinage, 307Peson à resort (mancur), 1863Peson à ressort, 2171

gunpowder scale, 2171mancur, 1863use of, 2171V-spring scale, 2171

Petaluma Electric Incubator Co, 379, 415egg sc mkr, 414-415, 1275-1276, 1284Standard trade name, 414

Peterborough, 1961keys crossed in shield mark, 1929, 1978

Peterson et al's "Joel F. Keeler, Epitome of US Industry" (article), 2703-2709

Petrie (author), 162, 310Petrie, Flinders, 2143

weight documentor, 3201Petrol measuring, 1188Petrus Christus, Flemish painter, 3453-3454Petty Sessions, 1925Pewter wts see weights, materialPewterer, coin sc, mkr, 1299Pewterers' Co, inspectors mark, 45Pfanzeder, Georg, 2602

Pfanzeder patentee, 2602Pfanzeder sc mkr, 2602

Pfanzeder sc see Phanzeder scPfanzeder sc mkr

Keppler, 2602Kopp & Haberland, 2606Pfanzeder, Georg, 2602Pfitzer Bros, 2602Schember, 2602Schember, C & Söhne, 2606

Pfitzer BrosPfanzeder patentee, 2602Pfanzeder sc mkr, 2602

Pfitzer sc see Phanzeder scPH J M, trade mark of Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1661phanzeder-pfitzer balance, 3268Phanzeder sc, 2320-2321, 2602, 3268

with Albigensean links, 2321definition, 284inverted, 2322

Pharmaceutical sc see apothecary sc

Pharmacy sc see apothecary scPhidelphia Scale Works, Riehle Bros, sc mkr, 2887Philadelphia, Assay Office, 1470Philadelphia Exposition, 1876, 2964Philip of Spain, 2443

coin wts, 1014Philippus Rex see weights, monarch, Philip of SpainPHILIPPUS REX HISPANIARUM, on coin wts, 1014Phillips, coin wts mkr, 1081-1086, 1474Phillips, Edward

apprentice of Brind, William, 248, 1737coin sc mkr, 16, 247-248, 1938dates, 1737trade card, 247

Phillips, Elizabethcoin sc mkr, 242dates, 1736long period as sc mkr, 1744master of Newton, William, 1735-1736, 1786succeeded by Overing, Thomas, 1736successor of Phillips, Walter, 1736widow of Phillips, Walter, 1736, 1785

Phillips, Mrs Edate, 1731succeeded by Figgins, John Burgess, 1731successor of Phillips, Samuel, 1731wife of Phillips, Samuel, 1731

Phillips, Samuelapprentice of Fage, William II, 1731apprentice of Payne, Benjamin, 1731dates, 1731, 1737husband of Phillips, Mrs E, 1731succeeded by Phillips, Mrs E, 1731successor of Hiatt, Benjamin, 1746successor of Hiatt, Mary A, 1739, 1746

Phillips, Walterapprentice of Ben, John, 1736on Bartholomew Lane, 3019biography of, 1785-1786coin sc mkr, 1736, 1783, 1818, 3018dates, 1736husband of Phillips, Elizabeth, 1736master of Moore, Joseph, 1785master of Oven, Henry, 1735shagreen case earliest?, 1818succeeded by Phillips, Elizabeth, 1736trade card, 1783, 3018

Phillips, William, coin sc mkr, 242Phillipson & Golder, postal sc retailers, 938Phitzer Brothers, 2321Phoenician

standard, 2148weight, shekel, 2143

"Photograph Coin Weights" (article by Crawforth), 967-971

"Photograph Scales & Weights" (article by Crawforth), 363-372, 534

Photographers sc, mkr, Fairbanks & Co, 1918Photographic sc, 113, 799, 1028

mkrEnsign, 807Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1654, 1656

pendulum, 1654, 1656Phythian, Dod

apprentice of Hoe, Robert, 1736apprentice of Oven, Henry, 1736dates, 1736

Piastre Spanish, used in China, 56Picard, Ann, coin sc mkr, 213-214, 1069, 1388Picard, John

apprentice of Snart, John, 210, 1735article by Crawforth, 1067-1070coin sc mkr, 210-212, 1396first husband of Gardner, Ann, 214foreman Brooksby, Thomas I, 213mad in Bedlam, 1785master of Ball, William, 1736master of Brooksby, Thomas I, 212, 1735master of Moore, Joseph, 1785master of Sangster, James, 212, 1735master of Sangster, William, 212, 1735master of Sommers, Joseph I, 212, 1388, 1735succeeded by Brooksby, Thomas I, 1735trade card, 210training, 1388

Pickering, nesting wts mkr, 1830Pickering, David

associated with S S?, 1841coin sc mkr, 1764-1765, 1830D P mark on wts, 1830at same address as Pickering, William, 1841sc mkr to Bank of Ireland, 1755, 1830successor of Crosby, James, 1765, 1831trade card, 1830

Pickering, James I, trade card, 1832Pickering, James II

coin sc mkr, 1831dates, 1831J*P on wts, 1831measures mkr, 1831sc mkr to Bank of Ireland, 1831shop sign crown & sc, 1831sight-hole shears, 1831successor of Pickering, William, 1831wts mkr, 1831

Pickering, Williamdates, 1841at same address as Pickering, David, 1841sc mkr to Bank of Ireland, 1755succeeded by Pickering, James II, 1831

Pickwick Mill, 3446-3447Pidgeon, John

apprentice of Read, Joseph, 1736dates, 1736

Piejus, A H, egg sc patentee, 377, 384Pieper, C, patentee, 517Pierced pointers, 22, 62Pierrette-Paylze, Marie-Anne. wife of Lavoisier, 2171Pietra dura, 940, 944, 3295Pig in basin, trademark, Hetherington, R D D, 1447Pig weighing sc

mkrAvery-Salter, 543Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544

spring, 543, 978Piggott, John, apothecary sc retailer, 1726Pike & Ellerman, shop sc retailers, 1726Pile de Charlemagne, 2516Pile étalon de France, 2516Pillar see columnPillois, coin sc mkr, 593Pincers, hydrostatical, 261Pinion see rack & pinionPint measure see beer measurePippin steel, 137

definition, 138, 284Pistol, on wts see weights, denomination, pistolePistol Barrel Site, 3218Pistole

coinage, 310, 914see also weights, denomination, pistole

Pistonto damp, 230definition, 230

Pitney-BowesAmerican sc mkr, 1986P B mark, 1986postal sc mkr, 1986

Pitrat, Julius Ebiography, 2232, 2238computing scale patent

compound levers for, 2237-2238description of, 2233-2238poises for, 2232-2238tare poise for, 2237-2238

counter scale patentcorrection of, 2271description of, 2233-2234used with platform scale, 2234

use of, 2234platform steelyard scale, 2235

beam of, 2236detachable mechanism for, 2236slide-rule type, 2235-2236with tare-poise, 2235-2236

and weaving technology, 2271Pitrat, patent bought by Ozias & Canby, 2205Pitrat, patent sold to Computing Scale Co., 2232Pitrat, patent sold to Hull, 2205Pitrat, patentee, 2205, 2232Pitrat Computing Scale Co, 3250, 3256Pitt-Rivers Museum Oxford, coin steelyard, 1833, 1897,

1900Pittard, Janet C., biography, 3319Pittard's, "Worth the Weight" (article), 3319Pivot

10 pivots on bismar, 400buttons, 1031cam & cord, 1631cone, 1633cord, 55-59, 175, 428, 1030definition, 284feet, 16, 236-237, 763, 848, 1031, 1231finger, 1031flexible band, 192fold in brass-sheet, 754

moving feet, 16, 236, 1032not vertical, 1996shelf-edge, 1031

Pixii, N Cprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Pixii, pere & filsFrench sc mkr, 1822precision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Pixley, Thomas, sc mkr, 3088Pixley, Thomas I

apprentice of Jackson, John, 1739dates, 1737father of Pixley, Thomas II, 1737Old Bailey trial of, 3085sc mkr, 3085, 3087

Pixley, Thomas IIapprentice of Wade, Thomas, 1737coin sc mkr, 1737dates, 1737master of Everitt, George, 1737son of Pixley, Thomas I, 1737

Place (author), 610Place, F, pendulum bal, 572Planchet scale, 3124Planner, H G & Co, tea sc retailer, 1726Plant - form wts see weight, shapePlantation weighing sc, 2863Plaster of paris, 39Plastic cleaning, 1269Plastic letter scale, Rolamite, 2477-2478, 2499-2505Plat, John, wt mkr, 1043Plate

china, 1743definition, 284, 289-290

Plate fulcrum see flexure pivotPlate mkr

Copeland, 1455Wedgwood, 1454

Plate piece, Irish name for reale, 1848Plated coinage, fakes, 266Plates, 548Platform & spring, 925Platform & steelyard sc, shop, 736, 758, 1106, 1437-1438Platform sc, 2599, 2600

A A design, 657, 660, 722, 724accuracy, 3, 1592animal, 653, 1022article, 655-661, 692-699, 721-727balance ball, 2246barge, 655, 661, 698-699, 2415bob-up, 693British, 3076Caledonian, 692, 698cart, 76, 86, 655-661, 692-699, 702, 721-728cattle, 1664centesimal, 886-888coal truck, 32, 76, 86, 221coke, 728

compound lever, 656-661, 2211-2213self-indicating, 2213

pendulum, circular reading face, 2212compound lever & steelyard, 2212contractors, 697counter, 86, 217, 692, 698, 1195cylindrical poise, 2246decimal, 227definition, 194, 284description of, 2245dormant, 1457, 3071-3074drop-lever on, 2348-2349earliest, 657, 2211earliest self-indicating, 692English, 3076F T design, 695Fairbanks, 3076with fixed & sliding counterpoise, 2212fulcrum on, 2345, 2347-2348Gerald's patent, 2168, 2191graduated weights, 2246hemp, 2284hinges on, 2345, 2347I T design, 695, 698inventor

Bondeli, Johann Emanuel, 721Fairbanks, Thaddeus, 2284-2286, 2344-2349Trotter, John, 696

knife edges on, 2345, 2348lever system, 2245levers of, 2245, 2345-2347, 2348levers on, 2211, 2284load point, 2212market, 109mkr

Avery, W & T, 32, 653, 726, 1636, 2212Avery, W & T Ltd, 32, 1185, 1457Béranger & Cie, 1664Bondeli, Johann Emanuel, 721Bourne, Thomas, 696Bourne & Smith, 696, 698-699Brown, Lennox & Co, 655, 661, 698-699Cadwick, 659Chatillon, 333Chatillon, John & Sons, 333, 1592Computing sc, Co, 216-217Davis, A B & Co, 785Day, William Chambers, 696Day & Millward, 1636Eayre, Joseph, 659-660Edgell, James, 661Fairbanks, 76, 78, 86, 106, 109, 177Fairbanks, E & T, 676, 723, 736, 898, 2344-2349Fairbanks & Co, 75-78, 86, 106, 109, 177, 992Fairbanks Thaddeus, 723, 2212, 2283-2286, 2344-

2349Farr, Chester N., 2293Ford & Co, 696Fowler, Albert, 2293Gerald, Asahel, 2293Gerald & Farr, 2293Haas, Jacob B, 694-695

Herbert & Sons, 1195, 1726Howe Scale Co, 900-901, 1528-1529Jones of Binghamton, 562Kitchen, Richard, 723-725Marriott, William Adolphus, 1885Merlin, Charles, 721Merlin, John Joseph, 694, 887, 2451Pooley, Henry, 724Pooley & Son, 702, 728Preston, William B, 508Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 72, 227, 721, 885-888Quintenz & Rolle, 721Rolle & Schwilgue, 721, 885-888Salter, Geo & Co, 536, 547Sanctorius, 887Schwilgue, Jean-Baptiste, 888Shilton, William, 725Simpson, R, 726, 736Societe Alsacienne de Constructions Mecanique,

888Troemner, Henry, 811Weeks, Thomas, 694Whitmore, William, 692Wyatt, John, 655, 657, 659, 693, 2211-2212Yeoman, Joseph, 660

Omnicells, 2212package, 109, 1106patentee

Avery, W & T, 726Edgell, Joseph, 661Fairbanks, E & T, 723, 736Fayard, Jean Joseph, 888Merlin, Charles, 721Pooley, Henry, 727Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 722, 887Roebuck, John, 692Rolle, 888Salmon, Robert, 692Schwilgue, 888Simpson, R, 726Smyth, David M, 3426-3431Whitmore, William, 692

patents, 110, 692, 2344-2349with pendulous rings, 2348pendulum, 3426-3427person, 18, 177, 676, 694, 925pivots, 2286, 2348portable, 106, 1592power point, 2212principles of, 77proportional weights, 2349railway, 86, 724, 736ratio-beam, 2212rockers on, 2345-2347self-computing, 2213self-indicating, 692, 2212

with compound lever, pendulum, circular reading face, 2212

semi-self-indicating, 692, 2213with pendulum resistance and sliding counterpoise,

2213spring, 450, 516, 536, 547, 549, 1439

steelyard, 78, 562, 653, 661, 692-699, 721-728, 1636with steelyard beam, 2348steelyard invention, 725with steelyard rod, 2348testing, 714triangular leverage, 888U U design, 723-724U V design, 693, 724V V design, 657, 693, 698-699waggon, 655-656, 721, 886warehouse, 86, 106, 109, 547, 1185weighbeam modification, 2246weighing machine, 736wheelbarrow, 78wheels, 736Y V design, 695, 724

Platform sc (article), 655-661, 692-699, 721-728Platform steelyard, 2355Pliers, inspectors, 120Plivey, William

apprentice of Pell, Thomas, 1730dates, 1730

Plug see Stamping plugPlumb-line, 1213Plumbers' Co

Guild, 20-21, 581inspection by, 21, 44, 1331, 1349, 1563, 1892

inspectors' mark, 21Plumly, George

advertiser, 3225American sc mkr, 1490coin sc mkr, 1490Phidelphia Sealer, 3224-3225, 3227

Plymouth USA W & M, 1856Plympton, H, 1211, 2369

gold bal mkr, 1211-1216gold Standards bal mkr, 1211, 2643influenced by Dearborn, Benjamin, 2643successor to Dearborn, 2369working with Davis, 2643working with Howard, 2369, 2643

Plympton, Henrybullion balance mkr, 3037-3039dates, 3037-3038successor of Dearborn, Benjamin, 3038

Plywood measure see dry measurePMI Food equipment group, successor to Computing Scale

Co., 2208Pneumatic pump, 719PO Weight Testing, 1856, 2456Pocket bal

Hughes, 516inspectors, 116-117see also Spring bal

Pocket steelyarddefinition, 195, 285, 515, 1246see also Spring bal

Pocket weighbridge, 543see also weighbridge

Pocket weighbridge mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543Poggendorf, J C

dates, 791

designer, 791Poids monétaires, 2416Poids monétaires de circulation, 2416Poids monétaires étalon, 2416Pointer

accuracy, 5bifurcated, 1865decorative hole, 22, 62, 208, 210, 244, 632definition, 285design theory, 5downward, 631, 642, 1189, 1211flat, 22, 62hinged, 1686lack of, 1644-1648metal, 5Mokko, 326with motor, 1189, 1213oscillation, 4pendulous, 198, 219-220, 1040, 1372, 1655pierced, 22, 62, 476, 632, 849, 1040, 1352, 1357, 1380,

1783pivotted, 1902screwed in, 1539, 1546tare, 1599triangular, 625-626two, 1257wedged in, 1573

Pointer sc see pendulum scPoise

American ball & rod, 1314Anatolian, 2838-2839armorial bearings, 1328ball & rod, 1232, 1294-1295baskets of grapes, 1288British, 2686buffer, 1411bunch of grapes, 1225, 1273Byzantine, 2686cased, 1328ccd for five-mark, 1618chamfered, 2381cherub, 1225, 1287collecting principle, 2121, 2123compensating, for sc beam, 2822definition, 284, 1026dial, 1027-1028on disc, 1405do'tchin, 56elbowed arm, patent, 1658five-mark ccd adjuster, 1618five turns, 672-675half-moidore, 1625hexagonal, 1536, 1677Italian, 1774-1776lacquered, 1572lid of box, 1691lift-up principle, 2121lifting principle, 2121, 2123mass cast on, 1573Mercury, 1289micrometer, 14, 217, 361, 505, 758, 1373, 1685painted, 768

parrot in ring, 1291pear shaped, 2686putto, 1287rack & pinion, 1027-1028red leaded, 1573rolling pin, 1223Roman, 168, 1289, 2686sliding, 1027, 1650sliding on ccd, 2063slotted, 1811steel, 2381stored vertically, 1538third guinea for folding gold bal, 1624three on one side of fulcrum, 1281tubular, 1028, 1220

definition, 1029turn-over, 1279-1281, 1650turn type, definition, 1027twenty gram, 1649two; one on each side of fulcrum, 73, 143, 270, 537,

645, 805, 1028, 1169, 1256, 1374, 1422, 1517-1518, 1716, 2052

two; one on each side of turn-over, 1593two interchangable, 1701two on decimal sc, 1664two on one side of fulcrum, 14, 78, 109, 144, 218, 227,

232, 268, 676, 727, 809, 1028, 1256, 1281, 1306, 1528, 1537-1538, 1556, 1701

U shaped, 1029units marked, 1837wheat-sheaf, 399within a poise, 771

Police Force, formed, 1955-1956Police officers, verifying, 1160Polish wts

imported from Russia, 278-279see also weights, nationality

Pollard, Thomasapprentice of Freeman, Samuel I, 1734apprentice of Neale, Samuel, 1734dates, 1730master of Pell, Thomas, 1730from Worcester, 1728

Pollard,William, employer of Layton, Roland, 3318Polygon wts see weight, shapePomer's "Coin or Bullion Weights" (query), 2224Pommier (author), 1867, 1876, 2171-2172, 2516-2517,

2553-2555Pommier, Aimé, 2486

biography, 2172Pommier & Simcock's "Edme Régnier" (article), 2171-

2172Pommier's

"Apothecary Balance" (article), 599-601Inventaire des Poids & Mesures (review), 1623L'Aventure du Metre (review), 1296-1297Les Collections Monétaires (review), 2516-2517, 2553-

2555"Old Iron Beams" (article), 858-863"Photos of wts in Musee National des Techniques,"

811-813, 855-857"Response from A Pommier" (article), 2548

Pondera Medicinalia, by Vangroenwege & Geldof (review), 1297-1299

Pontefract mark, 1959Poole (author), 2036Pooley, Henry, 3318

engineering & foundry business, 724platform sc mkr, 724, 728platform sc patentee, 727railway contract, 724

Pooley, Henry & Co Ltddates, 824succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1732successors of Bartlett & Son Ltd, 824, 1732successors of Pooley, Henry & Son, 1732

Pooley, Henry & Soncompetition with Béranger & Cie, 1664dates, 1732elliptical spring bal mkr, 1885mfg Dayton Royal Computing sc, 1093office in London, 1725old advert, 702, 728platform sc mkr, 702, 728spring bal mkr, 1885succeeded by Pooley, Henry & Co Ltd, 1732union sc mkr?, 1836see also catalogue

Pooley, Henry & Son Ltdbread, sc mkr, 1089coal sc mkr, 854counter sc mkr, 1645dates, 1443pot plate, 1443trade sc mkr, 1443weighing machine mkr, 1443

Pooley, Henry & Sonscoin operated sc mkr, 2493partner of Marriott, William Adolphus, 1885

Pooley & Son Ltd, see also catalogue"Pop it in the Post" (article by Crawforth D), 1219-1233,

1252-1264, 3281Poppenberg, Caspar


Poppenberg, Caspar Diedrich, coin sc, 31, 63Poppenberg, D P & C D & P C

coin sc mkr, 31, 63date, 63Diedrich Peter & Caspar Deidrich & Peter Caspar, 63

Poppenberg, Diedrich Petercoin sc mkr, 31, 63date, 63

Poppenberg, Diedrich Peter & Peter Casparcoin sc mkr, 63date, 63German sc mkr, 63

Poppenberg, Gebrûder (brothers)coin sc mkr, 31, 63, 64date, 63

Poppenberg, Gebrûder Died. Pet, German sc mkr, 31Poppenberg, Johann Peter

coin sc mkr, 31, 62-64dates, 63

Poppenberg, Peter Caspar, coin sc mkr, 31, 63-64Porcelain base, Mordan, Sampson & Co, 1454"Porcelain China or Pot" (article by Crawforth, D), 1443-

1455Porcelain fittings, 712, 939Porcelain plaques, Mordan, Sampson & Co, 1454"Porcelain Weights" (article by Houben), 385-388Pork curers sc mkr, Parnall & Sons, 1456Portable beam sc, mkr, Parnall & Sons, 1456"Portable Plastic Paper Balance from 1960s"(article by

Chamberlain), 3505Portax trade name, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1660Portcullis, mark on wts, 122Porter, John

apprentice of Read, Joseph, 1736apprentice of Read, Mercy, 1736dates, 1736partner of Meymott, Mercy, 1736

Porter, T IAmerican ccd patentee, 1018ccd patentee, 1018

Portobello Road Market, 3508Portuguese coinage, 915, 1060-1066, 1306

fakes, 265-266Portuguese nesting wts, 251Portuguese piece, fakes, 268Portuguese piece coin sc, 627-629, 672-676, 915Portuguese piece wts see weights, denominationPortuguese trade, 1060, 2068

see also Methuen TreatyPorzellen Fabrik Langenthal, trade wts, 386Pose, inspectors, 733Post, Dutch, 3230Post Office

American, 78, 107, 992, 1216, 1643, 3024-3025, 3028British, 1036, 3025-3026Canadian, 3028Dutch, 3230, 3267-3269, 3444-3445Japanese, 107penny post, 2, 1226-1233reform, 1229sc

mkrAvery, W & T, 1036Becker & Buddingh, 3267-3268Becker's Sons, 3268Fairbanks, E & T & Co, 107Fairbanks & Co, 78, 107, 992, 3147Holsboer, 3267, 3287-3290Howard & Davis, 1216, 2368, 2370-2371, 2404Salter, George & Co Ltd, 1036, 3024Troemner, Henry, 1643

see also postal scPost Office Act, British 1710, 3025Post Office Act 1839, 1230Post Office Act 1961, 1036Post Office Weights & Scales, letter from Rangeley, 1036Post Office Wts see weights, purpose, GPO; weights,

purpose, postalPostage, British, 580, 1219-1233Postage rates

British, 3444-3445

Canadian, 2816Dutch, 3444-3445French, 3444-3445

Postagesdates, 1486, 3099-3109definition, 684

Postal, iron roberval, mkr, Perry & Co, 3183-3188Postal & coin sc

ccd, 754, 848, 3198-3199roberval, 275spring, 1682steelyard, 930, 1681

Postal & egg schalf-roberval & spring top-pan, 924pendulum, 381roberval, 415, 1263spring, 552

Postal & paper sc, mkr, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1700Postal franks, 302, 303Postal patents, analysis, 397"Postal Patents" (articles by Crawforth), 395-400, 425-428,

453-456, 481-484, 509-512, 537-540, 565-568, 595-596, 621-624, 650-652, 677-680, 704-708

Postal ratesAmerican, 3024, 3045, 3180, 3467-3472British, 2, 1219-1233, 2087, 3070, 3099-3109

colonial, 1230foreign, 1230parcel, 2088

Canadian, 2816excess, 2816-2817letter, 2816parcel, 2816

Confederate, 2404Dutch, 3444-3445French, 1363-1366

"Postal Rates in the Confederacy" (article by Katz), 2404Postal reform 1837, 1229Postal rule, 704Postal rule & bismar, 1031Postal sc

accelerating, 2857-2860accuracy, 3, 3147-3148adjusting letter balance, 3185advertising, 2341, 3026, 3028, 3029, 3275Art Deco, 1243, 1262-1263Art Nouveau, 125ball & rod, 1220, 1232, 1294-1295, 1320, 2533-2534ball-point pen, 147bell-mounted, 406bilateral, 3181-3182, 3190-3195, 3274bismar, 3099

definition, 175bismar & letter-opener, 1031, 1264bismar & rule, 1031bismar definition, 175bismar flat brass, 1359-1360bismar hand-held, 479bismar in leather case, 944, 2701-2702bismar Mauchline-ware, 428, 3186bismar on pillar, 2, 568, 1030, 1220, 2371, 2929-2930,

2936-2940

bismar shelf-edge, 944, 1031, 1231, 2701-2702bismar with five cords, 428bismar with four sets feet, 16bismar with two sets feet, 236bismar wooden, 428bow-front see postal sc, half roberval & spring bow-

frontcandlestick see spring bal, candlestickccd & letter weigher, 848, 964coin & letter

ccd, 754, 848roberval, 275spring, 1682steelyard, 930, 1681

combination, 3029commemorative, 816, 1233commercial, 3027compendium, 397, 679, 1233, 1682computing, 2914-2918concealed-stay see roberval sc, encased stayscorporate-owned, 3027dating, 3028desk set, 519, 1676, 1683double pendulum, 3029egg & letter, 381, 924, 1263

half-roberval & spring top-pan, 924pendulum, 381roberval, 415, 1263spring, 552

equal arm balance, 3027equal arm on floriate stand, 344equal arm on pillar, 41, 687, 944, 947, 1232, 1368,

1482, 1485, 1627-1628, 1686equal arm preloaded, 1220, 1232, 1294-1295, 1320equal arm with ladders, 258escritoire see compendiumFertig, 3277go-no-go, 2, 505, 1220, 1232, 1294-1295, 1320, 1649half roberval, 2370, 3165-3171, 3337-3341, 3348half roberval & fixed poise, 1649half roberval & hanging pan, 133, 255, 940, 942, 1256half roberval & pendulum, 133, 395, 484, 622, 663,

678, 1649, 3337-3341half roberval & spring, 133, 395, 437, 456, 479, 513,

525, 528, 623, 896, 1049, 1261-1262, 1669-1670, 3165-3171

half roberval & spring bow-front, 133, 371, 437, 513, 527, 551, 623, 897, 1259, 1262-1263, 1407, 1792, 2855, 2877-2881

half roberval & spring silver, 1049half roberval & spring silver bow-front, 437, 1671-

1675half roberval & spring top-pan, 455-456, 479, 513, 518,

525, 528, 551, 651, 676, 924, 981, 1262, 1679, 1792

airmail, 981on desk set, 519silver, 1679

half roberval & spring with tapered back, 1674-1675half roberval & steelyard, 133, 232, 341, 395, 482, 509,

511, 624, 652, 678, 942, 1021, 1028, 1217, 1227, 1254-1258, 1260, 1460, 1527, 1529,

1536, 1556, 1677, 1986half roberval & wt lifting beam, 133, 395, 399, 1071,

1223, 1469hydraulic, 255, 397, 426, 509-510, 678, 1231, 1373,

3100inclination, 3029with ink wells, 2365-2366iron, 3183-3184, 3267-3268ivory candlestick, 408, 1223ladder, 222, 258, 353letter tray, 2817magnetic, 260mass stabilised pan, 397, 1231material

aluminium, 2340-2343brass, 2365-2366, 2533-2534, 2929-2930, 3267-

3269brass black-patinated, 1232-1233, 2534brass painted to look like iron, 3183-3184chrome enamelled, 1263gilt, 1220glass, 403, 407gold washed sterling, 3235iron, 3183-3184ivory, 408, 1223nickel, 1558plastic, 479, 1031, 1263-1264, 2340-2343, 3338silver, 1049, 1077, 1385, 1407, 1471, 1667-1687steel, 3027steel enamelled, 1264wooden, 428, 3337-3341

mechanical, 3024-3030mkr

Airway, 437American Machine Co, 982-983Apollo Studios, 2634Automat, 1260Avery, W & T, 677, 1217, 1262, 1514-1518, 3187Avery, W & T Ltd, 821, 1457, 1460, 1517'ball-&-rod' mkr, 1220, 1232, 1294-1295, 1320Bartlett, C H, 1256, 1258Bartlett, C H & Co, 232, 537Becker & Buddingh, 3267-3268Becker's Sons, 3268Bedington, 3301Behrens & Co, 3045Berrian Mfg Co, 848Bex, 479Bourne & Smith, 132, 136Bowman, Reginald, 3337-3341Bradford, Samuel, 1758Briais, Narcissé, 147, 332, 446, 479, 481, 1252-

1253, 1535-1536, 1651, 1677-1679, 3185-3186, 3478-3482

C W Novelty Co, 3162-3164Chatillon, John & Sons, 405, 407, 1556, 1558Christofle, 198, 219-220, 1676Columbus see Maul, Philipp JakobCooke, J & Sons, 147, 199, 428Crescent see PelouzeCriterion see Setten & DurwardD V, 41, 1368

Day & Millward, 1516Degrave, Short & Fanner, 353, 2813-2814, 2857-

2860Degrave & Co, 258, 2813-2814Dowler,G, 3187Downing,J S, 3187Elliston, 2757-2858, 3279Eschemann, W & Co, 958Exact Weight Scale Co, 704Fairbanks & Co, 78, 108-109, 405, 427, 1017,

1106, 2256-2258, 2370, 3147-3148, 3151Foyer Mfg Co, 3144G R & Co see RiddleGibbs & Co, 753Gorham, 1049, 1077, 1668-1671, 1675, 1687,

1999, 2634, 3278Gotto see Parkins & GottoGreaves, 16, 147, 236Greaves, Edward, 16, 147, 235-237Greaves, John & Son, 16, 235-237Gunn see Houghton & GunnGurney Sc Co, 2813-2814Hall, N R, 198-199, 455-456, 3184, 3187, 3279Harris see Melliship & HarrisHauser, 147Heath, John, 199Heeley, James & Sons, 199, 428, 455-456Heintz, 2634Heller's, Balduin Söehne, 317Holsboer, 3267, 3287-3290Holtzapffel & Co, 399Horn & Albracht, 511, 3482Houghton & Gunn, 512Howard & Co, 3235Howard & Davis, 2370-2371, 2404Howe Scale Co, 1527, 1529Hughes, J G, 398-399Hughes, R T, 398-399Hund, G, 220I D L, 1261Illfelder, Jos, 481, 484, 1253, 1361J G, 481Jennings Bros, 2634JHS see Heath, JohnJMAZ see Maul, JacobKalthoff, P, 1876Keesing, Isaac, 2875-2876Kemper-Thomas Co, 2341Kern, 3276Kingsbury Man Co, 1261Kirchhoff, Peter, 3280Kistler, 2878Landers, Frary & Clark, 676Lund, W, 1231Lund, William, 1231, 1723M & Co, 133, 509, 512Maasstrone Mfg Co, 3045Mailway, 505Marion & Co, 133, 484, 1255, 1257, 1361, 3152,

3348Maul, Jacob, 980, 3274Maul, Philipp Jakob, 361, 1409, 1627-1636, 1651,

3274, 3275McLean & Son, 427-428McMillan, John, 3265-3266, 3281Mordan, Sampson & Co, 60, 131, 133, 237, 255,

353, 652, 663, 681-691, 708, 816, 933-950, 1231, 1233, 1254, 1287, 1292, 1481-1483, 1667-1668, 1680, 1683, 2057, 3283-3284, 3293-3305

Myers & Co, 1261, 2855N B see Briais, NarcisséNolan, 3162-3171Nolan, Jahn H, 3162-3171Oosting, 3269Orr, P & Sons, 1999P St & Co, 663, 1071, 1225Parker, 510, 3432Parnell, 199, 428, 1253-1254Pearce & Jackson, 568Pelouze, 623, 1259, 1261, 2877-2881, 3027, 3275Pitney-Bowes, 1986Pitney Bowes, 3028Poupard, W & Co, 1329-1330Poupard, Wm, 621Pradel, 50, 220Presto, 213Pritchard & Andrews Co, 2813-2814Ratcliff, Joseph & Edmund, 133, 147, 224, 399,

403, 405, 686, 690, 1223, 1227, 1469, 1479-1488, 2854, 3102-3103, 3106-3108

Reid, A B & Co, 3180Restorf, 3481Richtmann, H & Co, 3196-3200Riddle, Gabriel & Co, 101, 112, 935, 1220, 1723Riddle, Gilbert & Co see postal sc, mkr, Riddle,

Gabriel & CoRodgers, J & Sons, 237Roling, Markus, 3280Rooke, W I E, 408, 1223S & P, 1519-1520S T S see Turner, Samuel SeniorSalter, G & Co, 147, 455-456, 513, 519, 523, 538,

547, 551-552, 703, 706, 1036, 1123, 1141, 1253, 1256, 1259, 1262, 1452, 3024, 3028, 3185, 3187

Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 1259, 1263, 3024, 3028Setten & Durward, 125, 133, 250, 623, 1259, 1261,

3298, 3300-3303, 3305Sheldon, John, 446, 1233, 1682, 1723Silvester, R & Co, 2, 19, 147, 1220Simcox, Pemberton & Sons, 1520Simcox & Pemberton, 1520Smith, A, 427-428, 3187Smith, T J & J, 482Stephenson, Howard & Davis, 2365-2366, 2369-

2371Strange, J W, 2371Tacho-Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 889-890Thompson Engineering & Mfg Co, 2341, 3027Thompson Tool and Mfg Co, 2341Townshend & Co, 146, 366Triner, J M, 479, 651, 1261-1262, 2872Triner Scale & Mfg, 3028

Turner, S Snr, 133, 380-381, 388, 481-482, 568, 663, 691, 755, 821, 943, 1021, 1030, 1254, 1263, 2929-2930, 2936-2940, 3187

Ubrig, E, 623Ubrig, E & Co, 1439Vandome, R, 2857-2858Vandome, Titfords & Powson, 2857-2860Velthoen, J S, 3230-3234, 3267Vesco Products Corp, 3278Weintraud & Co, Ges, 707Wharton, T & Sons, 401-402, 405, 3108-3109White, John & Sons, 3342-3343Wilcox Silver Plate Co, 1665-1666, 1679Winfield, R W, 839, 1223, 1976, 2371, 3099-3107,

3109, 3304Winfield, R W & Son, 10-12, 403-405, 3099-3107,

3109Wright, H B, 529-530, 1029, 1220, 1232, 1291,

1293Zitzmann, Volker, 3280

moving load, 236, 454, 621, 650, 848, 990, 1032, 1399nationality, 2, 11, 16, 19, 36, 40, 101, 125, 131-133,

136, 146, 175, 198-199, 224, 232, 236-237, 255, 258, 275-276, 341, 345, 353, 361, 366, 381, 399, 401, 403-409, 428, 437, 453, 456, 479, 482-484, 512-513, 518-528, 530, 537-538

American, 14, 78, 109, 190, 231, 371, 405, 427, 479, 505, 511, 623, 651, 676, 704, 930, 958, 981-983, 1031, 1049, 1071, 1077, 1106, 1385, 1527-1531, 1556-1559, 1594, 1601, 1665-1666, 1668-1675, 1681, 1687, 1933-1935, 1986, 2340-2343, 2365-2366, 2367-2375, 2914-2918, 3026-3027, 3162-3171, 3180, 3196-3200, 3275, 3278, 3281-3282, 3337-3341, 3432, 3467-3477

Austrian, 1260, 3025British, 2, 11, 16, 19, 36, 40, 101, 125, 131-133,

136, 146, 175, 198-199, 224, 232, 236-237, 255, 258, 275-276, 341, 345, 353, 361, 366, 381, 399, 401, 403-409, 428, 437, 453, 456, 479, 482-484, 512-513, 518-528, 530, 537-538, 540, 547, 551-552, 568, 621-623, 663, 677, 683, 686-691, 703, 753, 810, 816, 821, 839, 897, 924, 933, 935-947, 957, 980, 993, 1021, 1028-1032, 1071, 1123, 1217-1233, 1245, 1252-1265, 1273, 1287-1288, 1291-1295, 1320, 1329, 1359-1361, 1407, 1410-1412, 1457, 1460, 1469, 1479-1488, 1514-1518, 1520-1521, 1667-1669, 1673-1674, 1678-1680, 1682-1683, 1907-1908, 2057-2058, 2533-2534, 2857-2860, 2936-2940, 3024, 3097-3109, 3183-3188, 3206-3208, 3276-3277, 3282, 3293-3305, 3342-3343

Canadian, 2813-2814, 2816-2818, 3024, 3028Chinese, 3279Danish, 1031, 1264Dutch, 2876-2877, 3230-3234, 3267-3269, 3444-

3446French, 41, 50, 147, 220, 332, 446, 479, 1252-

1253, 1361-1362, 1368, 1375, 1403-1404, 1406, 1535-1537, 1676-1677, 1679, 1686, 3275, 3280, 3478-3482

German, 260, 317-318, 361, 368, 511, 559, 571, 623, 652, 663, 707, 753, 889-890, 980, 1076, 1264, 1289, 1440, 1627-1634, 1650-1661, 1683, 1917-1923, 1933, 3025, 3275-3280, 3321-3325, 3379-3381, 3463-3466

novelty, 3029paper weight, 2340parcel see parcel scpatent see "Patent Postals"patentee

Albracht see Horn & AlbrachtArmand, P, 426Avery & Timson, 678Bachmann, E, 964Bailey see postal sc, patentee, Wilson & BaileyBanks see Weerasinghe, B E & Banks, JBartlett, C H, 537Beckman, O, 624Benjamin, Joel Malvern, 3280Betjemann, G W, 456Bischoff, 3463-3466Blacklock, C W & Hynes, M, 565, 622Boult, A J, 595Bowman, Reginald, 3337-3341Briais, N E, 446, 1375, 1535, 1904, 3478-3482Briais, Victor, 1370, 1403-1404, 1536Brocklebank, T A, 483Brookes, 539Burrows, P F M, 650Butes, E, 454Chapell, G, 595Columbus see Maul, Philipp JakobCook, 539, 622Dampier, C E, 398, 399, 1223Depierris, H A, 454, 455Deschamps, J, 509, 510Downing, J S, 511Elliston, 2757-2758Exact Weight Scale Co, 704-705Fairbanks, F, 509, 511Fairbanks, T, 396, 426-427Fidler, M & J see Watkins & FidlerFreeman, M, 399-400Gibson, Donald, 2914-2918Gilfillan, E N, 622-623, 1671-1672Gilmore & Clark, 538Golaz, J, 622Greenbury, J, 565Haddan, 539Hall, N R, 198-199, 428, 455-456, 707, 1253-1254,

3184, 3187Hamilton, G, 425-426Hancock, A, 595Hatch, G C, 481Heller's, Balduin Söehne, 317Hiscock, W, 483-484, 509, 511, 3187Hoag, G, 14-15Horn & Albracht, 510-511, 622, 3482Hotson, J H, 705Hyde, William A, 3467-3472Hynes see Blacklock, C W & Hynes, MJackson, C see Pearce, L H & Jackson, C

Joksch, R, 678Juris, F, 705-706Kimpton, S C, 453Knight, E, 990Krausse, K L, 624Loughton, G, 482, 1021, 1254Lundberg, G, 595MacKenzie, J, 484Mahloy, C, 679Maul, Philipp Jakob, 360-361McGiehan, I S, 621-622Mcillan, John, 3265-3266, 3281Mees, A B, 651Mordan & Langhorn, 652Moul, H E, 679Murray, T S, 678Nadal, J, 511Nolan, John H, 3162-3171Parker, C & S B, 510, 3234Pearce, L H & Jackson, C, 567-568Peppe, G T, 427Perry & Co, 1360Purnelle, E C, 990Ragg, A E, 481, 538, 753, 3473, 3479, 3481Restorf, M G, 1361, 1370, 1410-1412, 3479, 3481Richtmann, C, 3196-3200Rowe, A G, 707Ruhland, R, 678Rulke, C, 708Rys, V, 680Saltinstall-Taylor, T & H, 650Savoure, J P, 400Schneckenberger, E, 704-705Schrader, Jens, 3280Silvester, John, 455, 1259, 1262Slotosch, M, 680Smith, A, 427-428Smith, F H, 566Snell, S, 567-568Staudenmaier, C, 396, 652STS see Turner, Samuel SeniorSuffield, S W, 566-568, 1030, 2929-2930Tozer, W, 537-538Triner, J M, 651Turner, S Sen, 1254Ubrig, E, 622-623Vandenbergh, E T, 454Watkins, J C & Fidler, M & J, 565-566Weaver, H M, 2511-2513, 2585-2586Webster, J, 425Wedderburn, J, 621-622Weerasinghe & Banks, 704Weintraud & Co Ges, 707Wertheim, P, 705-706Wight, 396, 481Willis, R, 398-399, 1223, 1469Wilson & Bailey, 456Winfield, R W, 11, 404-405

pen, 147, 446, 513, 552, 565, 568, 596, 624, 1233, 1682

pencil, 446, 454, 1262-1263, 1399pendulum

comma-shaped, 199, 220, 428, 1253-1254, 1265, 1676, 1681, 3446

hand-held, 50, 199, 220, 484, 753, 1253, 1264, 1292, 1361, 1385, 1404, 1650, 1668-1669, 1676, 3099, 3446, 3467-3482

pendulum & half-roberval see half roberval & pendulum

pendulum bilateral, 317, 361, 753, 1076, 1260, 1632-1634, 1652-1653, 3181-3182, 3190-3195

pendulum bilateral with counter-rotation, 317pendulum enamelled with Flora, 958pendulum enamelled with girl at typewriter, 1256pendulum engraved, 1220pendulum gilt, 1220pendulum held by eagle, 1254pendulum on desk-set, 1683pendulum on marble base, 980pendulum pendulous, 479, 1655-1656, 1676, 3196-

3200pendulum platform, 1917-1923pendulum silver, 1077, 1676, 1687pendulum single, 368, 562, 1627, 1650-1651, 1655-

1656, 2757-2758, 3029, 3230-3234pendulum skeleton clock, 1255, 1411pendulum spelter, 2511-2513, 2585-2586pendulum two singles on one pillar, 1660-1661pendulum with added poise, 707, 3269pendulum with bear base, 663pendulum with Britannia, 1292pendulum with buffer, 512, 1257, 1411pendulum with caryatids, 663, 1071, 1225, 1289pendulum with circular beam, 399, 1223, 1649pendulum with coil stamp dispenser, 3026pendulum with damper, 677pendulum with deer's hoof base, 663pendulum with elbow, 1657-1658pendulum with hanging pan, 2875-2876, 3267, 3479,

3481pendulum with narrow graduations & wide graduations,

1657pendulum with offset pointer, 511pendulum with ram's horn base, 980pendulum with sliding pointer, 484pendulum with sphinx, 1289pendulum with tiny ball, 133, 484, 512, 1255, 1361,

1410-1412pendulum with top pan, 2876pendulum with turn-over poise, 571, 1650, 3379-3381,

3463-3466pendulum with two half-roberval links, 513pendulum with two load positions, 753phanzeder-pfitzer balance, 3268platform, 109, 1106, 1439, 1655pocket, 3184post office, 19, 23, 78, 562, 685, 687, 1048, 3267-3269with postal chart, 2341quadrant, 3029, 3337-3341registered design, 993, 1220retailer

Alderman, T W & Co, 40Army & Navy Stores, 1673Asprey, 1676

Austin, 409, 530Barnicott & Pearce, 938Briggs, 938Brown & Co, 938Browne, 1759Deir & Co, 938Elliston, 2757-2758Farthing, John, 1231Field, 938Forgie, 938Hall & Co, 938Halstaff & Hannaford, 938Howell & James, 663, 938Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 1076Lovegrove & Flint, 938Mansfield, W, 1826, 3291-3292McLean & Sons, 427Mechi, 938Melliship & Harris, 512, 938Mordan, Sampson & Co, 237Newman, J, 1519Parkins & Gotto, 512, 938Partridge & Cooper, 938Partridge & Cozens, 938Perry & Co, 428, 481-482, 1359-1360, 3183-3188Phillipson & Golder, 938Radford & Waddington, 132Rodgers, J & Sons, 237Rodrigues, 938Simpson & Co, 938Smythson, 938Steinfeldt & Blasberg, 1439Thornhill, 1231, 1233Tiffany, 1261Trussel, 933Ubrig, E & Co, 1438-1440Vickery, C, 1407Waller, 938Waterlow & Sons, 1480, 1486, 2998-3006Westfield & Co, 938Whitehead, Morris & Co, 938Wilson & Gill, 938Windle & Blyth, 755Woodruffs Beehive Bazaar, 361

revolving beam, 2256-2258roberval, 3342-3343roberval A-frames, 949roberval accelerating, 2857-2860roberval Art-Deco, 1245roberval Art Nouveau, 125, 250roberval commemorating Crimean war, 817, 1233roberval commemorating Zulu wars, 1233roberval engraved, 690, 817, 821, 935-936roberval "even bal," 109roberval for airmail, 437, 524roberval for egg & letter, 415, 1263roberval French-style, 1252, 1679roberval German style, 1627roberval inverted & pointer with lens, 889roberval made of iron, 3183-3188roberval on marble base, 1667, 1678, 1680, 2057roberval on mother-of pearl base, 663

roberval on silver base, 821roberval on tortoiseshell base, 1680roberval parcel, 1254roberval parts, definition, 170roberval with alabaster base, 683roberval with bottle-shaped wts, 691roberval with central pillar, 36, 1252, 1261, 1263roberval with Champlevé enamelled tray base, 3206-

3208roberval with cut-work base, 409, 530, 688, 940roberval with enamelled plates, 933roberval with encased stays, 690, 947, 1227, 1479-1488

wts for, 949roberval with inlaid marble base, 940, 2057, 3293-3305roberval with leather base, 939roberval with leather case, 131, 686, 939, 942, 1231roberval with Limoges base, 939roberval with ornate brass base, 146, 366, 936, 940,

980, 993, 1683roberval with oval brass base, 681, 933, 936, 939-940,

944roberval with oval silver base, 1668roberval with oval wood base, 689roberval with picture-frame plate, 947, 1287roberval with pottery base, 939roberval with Wedgwood plaques, 939, 1292roberval wts, 530, 688-689, 755, 936, 1254rocker, 397, 505, 621-622, 704, 1329, 3099rolling pin, 2854rule, 704Schickert's Principle, 2365-2366, 2370shelf edge, 236, 595, 1231silver, 1049, 1077, 1385, 1407, 1667-1687silver-plated, 1665-1666sliding beam, 454with spirit-level, 1257spring & half roberval see half roberval & springspring & quadrant, 513, 519, 551, 623spring-balance with rates, 2210, 3180spring C-spring, 896-897, 1258, 1907spring candlestick, 11, 78, 224, 361, 401, 403-408, 623,

686, 839, 1223, 1287, 1375, 1535, 1558, 1669, 1792, 2058, 3026, 3030, 3097-3109, 3162-3171, 3304

dates, 1073spring candlestick (article by Brass), 403-408spring candlestick glass, 403, 839spring candlestick in desk set, 401spring candlestick ivory, 408spring candlestick of nickel, 1558spring candlestick of tin, 1792spring candlestick of wood, 1535spring candlestick registered 1907, 1669spring candlestick silver, 1669spring candlestick with bell, 224, 406spring candlestick with stone base, 361, 2058spring compression, 224, 395, 403-408, 1223, 1373,

1535, 3097-3109spring cone-shaped, 1535spring flexure, 231, 1376, 1651, 1933-1935spring in ball-point pen, 147spring made of ram's horn, 190

spring "pen," 513, 552, 568, 704, 1263, 1682, 1684spring ship's pulley, 1674spring straight-face, 513, 521, 523, 551-552, 703, 1259,

1440, 1594spring tension, 509-510, 1123, 1373spring top-pan, 513, 519, 525, 551, 623spring tubular, 40, 3162-3171, 3432spring tubular with tape-measure, 538, 547steelyard, 2370, 3099steelyard & half roberval see half roberval & steelyardsteelyard counter, 1655-1656steelyard folding down into leather case, 942steelyard in leather case, 942steelyard on pillar, 453, 1232, 1403, 3233-3234steelyard on pillar boy lamp-lighter, 1294, 1320steelyard on pillar Justice, 1291steelyard on pillar kneeling boy, 530, 1293steelyard on pillar milk-maid, 1273steelyard on pillar postman, 1295steelyard on pillar satyr, 1288steelyard on pillar standing boy, 1293steelyard silver-plated, 1665steelyard with cherub poise, 957, 1225, 1287steelyard with covered bearings, 540steelyard with curved pillar, 1457, 1514-1518, 1520steelyard with extending beam, 530, 1021, 1220steelyard with floriate support, 686, 944, 1028, 1227,

1287-1288, 1665steelyard with grape poise, 1225, 1273steelyard with loose wts, 1217steelyard with sliding poise, 3233-3234steelyard with tubular beam, 530, 1021, 1029, 1220,

1254steelyard with turn-over beam, 511steelyard with two beams, 232, 537, 930, 1028, 1256,

1258, 1260, 1529steelyard with wooden beam, 101style

Art Deco, 1243, 1262-1263Art Nouveau, 125neo-gothic, 1558ornate, 345, 980, 993, 1687

tape measure, 538, 540, 547tin enamelled, 958, 1256, 3180tola, 16, 237top pan see postal sc, half roberval & spring top-pantravellers, 131, 686, 939, 942, 1231, 1233tubular beam, 1020, 1029, 1220, 1254, 1293unequal arm beam, 397, 3029unequal arm beams on ladder, 258walking stick, 298weight-depositing, 982-983weight lifter, 397, 538-539, 565, 1071, 1223, 1469weight-lifting see postal sc, half roberval & wt lifting

beamwooden, 101, 1535

Postal sc, 2353, 2757-2758see also parcel sc

Postal sc & ccd, 848, 964Postal sc & letter-opener, 505, 1031Postal sc & rule, 1031Postal sc & stamp-box, 821, 1682

Postal sc A frames, 708Postal sc mkr, American, 3196-3200, 3337-3341, 3467-

3477Postal scale bases, 3293-3305Postal scales

Dutch, 3444-3446featuring animals, 3274-3280Florentine method, 3302modern, 2449-2450

American, 2449-2450British, 2449-2450, 3293-3305German, 2449-2450USA, 2449-2450

"Postal Scales for Collectors" (article by Shaman), 3024-3030

"Postal Scales of the Dutch Scalemaker Velthoen" (article by Kok), 3230-3234

Postal systemAmerican, 1017British, 2, 817, 1219-1233Dutch, 3267-3269French, 1367-1376see also British, postal system; French, postal system;

U S postal systemPostal Union with France, 353, 682, 856Postal Units, 61, 353Postal wts see weights, purpose, postalpostcards, picturing scales, 3274Postmuseum, 3267

reorganization of, 3267scales of, 3267-3269

Pot, dial, 1452Pot plate, 1455

American, 1463Anderson Brothers, 1448Avery, W & T Ltd, 1448Banfield, S, 1443Chatillon, John & Sons, 1463Day & Millward, 1441Hetherington, R D D, 1447Jackson, E & Co, 1443-1444Martin, H, 1444Nesbitt, John, 1455Newman, J, 1519Parnall & Sons, 1452Parnall & Sons Ltd, 1447patent, 1463Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 1443Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd, 1443Siddons, Joseph & Jesse, 1450Siddons, Joseph & Jesse Ltd, 1450Smith & Stevenson, 1447Stirling, Alexander, 1447Sutcliffe, H & Co, 1455White, Bros & Co, 1445White, John & Son, 1445Wiseman, A, 1455

Pot wts see Weights, material, earthenwarePotato, weighing, 2960-2961Potato beam sc, 2470Potato measuring, spring bal, 1599"Potato Scales" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 2963

Potter, J Dscientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Potter, John, at same address as Gore, Thomas Hunsden, 1737

"Pottery" (article by Crawforth-Hitchins), 1443-1455Pottle see Winchester measurePouf bread, 1052Poultriquip Line, egg sc see Reliable Mfg CoPoultriquip Ltd, egg sc retailer, 1281, 1284Poultry sc, definition, 285, 288Pound

definition, 1992equivalences, 1995external trade, 1994goods, 2107grosso of Florence, 1990internal trade, 1994mediaeval English goods, 1989monetary, 2107Paris heavy goods, 1991Scottish, 1990sottile of Florence, 1990, 2219spice, 2019wool, 2107-2108see also weights, denomination, avoirdupois; weights,

denomination, TroyPounds, Anglican, 3151Poupard, Abraham

apprentice of Everitt, George, 1737dates, 1737master of Ferry, James, 1737

Poupard, Charlesdates, 1737at same address as Baylis, George Henry, 1737sc mkr, 1330

Poupard, Edward Edwinapothecary sc mkr, 799dates, 1737sc mkr, 1330succeeded by Poupard, Edward II, 1737trade card, 799

Poupard, Edward IIapothecary sc mkr, 1330successor of Poupard, Edward Edwin, 1737

Poupard, Frederick A & Codates, 1737patentee, 1330sc mkr, 1330

Poupard, Mrs Sophia Sarahdates, 1736sc mkr, 1330

Poupard, Thomas Jamescoal sc mkr, 1737dates, 1737patentee, 1330same address as Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 1730sc mkr, 1330succeeded by Vandome & Hart, 1737

Poupard, W & Copostal sc mkr, 1329-1330rocker mkr, 1329

Poupard, Williamdates, 1736patentee, 1330postal sc mkr, 621registered design, 1330sc mkr, 1330

Poupard, William & Sons, sc mkr, 1331Pourin


Poussett, Philipapprentice of Sommers, Joseph I, 211, 1389, 1735coin sc mkr, 211, 1389dates, 1735

Powder sc, definition, 284, 380Powder scale, 3020

with Chain-O-Matic feature, 3020with dash pot, 3020

Powell, E E, egg sc patentee, 379-380, 1280Power see proportional weighingPower point, 2212Poyntell, William

coin sc mkr, 3212coin scale supplier, 2536importer of coin scales, 2535

PradelFrench sc mkr, 50, 220postal sc, 50, 220

Pragmatist, 3156Prague, 2320Praktik, Product, Scadle, Austrian sc mkr, 1945, 1966Praktik, Product, Scadle, salmonella cradle, 1966Pratt, beam mkr, 2442Pratt, Bud, see also Pratt, N L; ZenithPratt, Josiah, measure mkr, 1137, 1856, 2442Pratt, N L, Zenith egg scale mkr, 3059, 3120-3123Pratt, William

dates, 3296label, 3296postal scale retailer, 3296retailer for Mordan, 3296retailer for Townshend, 3296

"Pre 1700 England" (article by Crawforth D), 1326-1328, 1346-1356

Pre-balancing, definition, 719Pre-loaded pan, 541, 1231Pre-packing sc, 1200-1201Precision bal

air-damped, 702, 843-844analytical, 843aperiodic, 700Arleri, 2363assay, 664bank, 1020, 1212chain bal, 192-193, 493chainomatic, 620, 1002chemical, 3, 6classification, 3definition, 285designer, Serrin V, 620diamond, 493French 1751, 472

hydrostatic, 1215inclination, 577, 590, 872long beam, 563, 642micro-balance, 3, 750-753, 790-792mkr

Abrahams, A & Co, 1821Accum, Frederick, 1821Adams, George II, 1821Arzberger, Friedrich, 701Aston & Mander Ltd, 1821Baird & Tatlock Glasgow, 1791, 1821Baird & Tatlock London, 1821Becker, C, 702Becker, Christian Inc, 1002Becker, Christopher, 620Becker, Christopher A, 620Becker, F E & Co, 1821Becker & Sons, 995, 1002Becker's Sons, 837, 843Bel, August & Co, 1821Bertin, E, 1791Brady & Martin, 1821Braun-Knecht-Heinmann Co, 1821Breithaupt, 1821Bunge, Paul, 5, 549, 589-590, 590, 664, 700, 719,

792, 837, 1468, 1821Cary, William, 1821Casartelli, Joseph, 1821Casella, L P, 1821Collet, Freres, 1821Collot, A, 702Collot, A Junior, 836-837Cook, Troughton & Simms, 1791Crichton, 1720, 1791Crichton, James, 1720, 1791Dancer, J B, 1821Deleuil, 2363Dollond, George, 1821Doyle & Son, 1791Dring & Fage, 1821Elliott, William & Sons, 1821Elliott Bros, 1821Fijn-mechanische Industrie Becker's Sons N V, 844Fontaine, G, 1821Gallenkamp, A & Co, 1821Galonde, 629George, W & J, 1821George & Becker Ltd, 5, 281Gravesande, W J's, 57Griffin, J J & Sons Ltd, 1821Griffin, John J & Co, 1821Griffin, John J & Sons, 1821Griffin, John Joseph, 1821Griffin, Richard & Co, 1821Gurley, W & L E, 1821Haigis, 493Harris, P & Co (1913) Ltd, 1821Harris, Philip & Co, 1821Harris, Philip & Co Ltd, 1821Hollandische Optiek Fabriek (system Hensoldt) N

V, 844How, James, 1821

Hurter & Haas, 1724, 1745Jackson, Frederick & Co Ltd, 1821Jones, Thomas I, 1724Jones, William & Samuel, 1821Knight, Richard & George, 1821Kuhlmann, Wilhelm H F, 790, 1827Maiben, Joseph M & Co, 1821Martin, Benjamin, 1821Mettler, E, 702Mikrowa, 408-409N V Hollandsche Optiek Fabriek (System

Hensoldt), 844Negretti & Zambra, 1822Nemetz, Guiseppe, 1822Nernst, Walter H, 750Newman, John, 1822Oertling, L Ltd, 5Oertling, Ludwig, 159, 564, 1822Paul, Robert W, 1822Pixii, N C, 1822Pixii, pere & fils, 1822Pye, W G & Co, 1822Queen, James W & Co, 1822Ramsden, Jesse, 1720Reeves, W & Co, 1822Reynolds & Branson, 1822Reynolds & Branson Ltd, 1822Rhone-Poulenc, 620Robinson, T C, 590, 1212, 1215, 1822, 2655-2656Rueprecht, 563Rueprecht, A & Son, 563, 718, 718-720Sartorius, Erich, 836Sartorius, F, 643, 701Sauter, A, 5, 791Simmonds Precision N V, 844Sisson, Jeremiah, 1853Spindler & Hoyer, 750-753Standley, Belcher & Mason, 1822Steinheil, A, 791Steinheil, A von, 564, 791Stollnreuther, Carl, 642Stuckrath, Paul, 720Townson & Mercer, 1822Townson & Mercer Ltd, 1822Troughton & Simms, 1822Watkins & Hill, 1822Wooley, James Sons & Co, 1822Wooley, James Sons & Co Ltd, 1726, 1822Wright, Alexander & Co, 1822Yeates & Son, 1822Zimmerman, A & M, 1822

optical projection, 836-837, 843-844patentee

Hahn, George, 1629Rueprecht, A, 718

pendulum, 571, 872, 1629pneumatic pump, 719pre-weighing, 719price relationship, 6retailer

Brady & Martin, 1726Maiben, Joseph M & Co, 1826

Robinson, James & Sons, 1841Spencer, J & Son, 1843

rider wts, 563ring wts, 718, 720semi-micro, 3short beam, 700substitution, 409torsion, 750-753ultra-micro, 790ultra-semi-micro, 3W & M, 115, 117yarn bal, 1173

Precision balance, 2239see also analytical balance

"Precision Balance" (article by Jenemann), 493-494, 563-564, 589-590, 620, 642-643, 664-665, 700-702, 718-720, 750-752, 790-792, 843-844, 872-873

Precision Engineering Comkr

goat milk bal, 2931-2933Waymaster sc, 2931-2933

Prefect test wt, 292Preloaded beam

chick pea sc, 420-421coin sc, 271definition, 285egg sc, 340, 379, 383, 413, 417ladder sc, 222, 258, 353moisture content, 259postal sc, 236, 258, 353, 399ration book sc, 224yarn bal, 340see also ccd; rocker

Preloaded pan, 353coin rocker, 235Hungarian ducat sc, 228, 541

Premier Computing Scale, 3252Premier Scale Co Ltd, bread, sc mkr, 1087Prescription sc, 143, 191, 1000, 1028, 1039, 2055

definition, 285, 287designer, Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 191, 2029mkr

Fairbanks, 73, 78, 143, 1028, 1169Fairbanks & Co, 73, 78, 107-108Ohaus Scale Corp, 2055

nationality, American, 73, 78, 143, 287, 1028, 1169patent, 1039rocker, 2040steelyard, 1039, 2038-2049, 2055

"Presidential Coin Scales" (article by Batz), 2535-2541Presto, postal sc, 213Presto see Metal Spec Mfg CoPreston see Jones & PrestonPreston, Edward

sc retailer, 1726tool retailer, 1726

Preston, William Bbutchers steelyard mkr, 508counter sc mkr, 508dates, 508platform sc mkr, 508steelyard mkr, 332, 508

Preston, William B & Son, 508partners Preston, William B & Preston, John A, 508

Preston & Reynolds, coin sc retailer, 282Price, Henley, 3031Price, Richard

apprentice of Chancellor, Thomas, 1730apprentice of Snart, Charles, 1730dates, 1730

Price, Thomas, T P-P T mark, 560Price computing scale, see also computing scalePrice computing semi-automatic, 974, 1093Price indicating sc, 2131-2140, 2210, 2227-2230

horizontal mounted fan chart, 2227-2230Price Thomas, wts, 560Priced bread, 1058, 1087Prices

brass, 1542equal-arm, 1539-1548spring bal, 1542

Pricing scales, see also computing scalePrickett, James

apprentice of Court, Richard I, 1738apprentice of Smelt, Samuel, 1738dates, 1738

Priest & Howard, weigh scoop patentee, 2429Priestley, Joseph, Lunar Society, 1120Princess see PelouzePrior to 1772, on coin wts, 1085Prize, Bunge, Paul, 1468Probiergewichte see weights, purposeProceedings of Old Bailey, 3085-3091Proceedings of the American Metrological Society

(review), 189Proclamation

1522-25, 9531526, 9531556, 984, 10791587, 21, 914, 984, 9861604, 9851611, 985, 9861619, 9851620, 9851632, 10101633, 10121644, 10131651, 10131663, 4591680, 1471, 14731696, 10421701, 10421704, 32261709, 18231717, 461, 10601725, 18241737, 1824-18251774, 496, 1068, 1079-1086, 20101776, 496, 1079-1086, 13091817, 11251821, 1125-11261843, 1127on Guineas, 496

Proclamation Money, 3227

Proctor, Charles & Lukecoin sc, 261, 267coin wts, 466, 1062dates, 262trade card, 261

Proctor'sWeights & Measures Administration (review), 906Weights & Measures in Victoria (review), 906

Prodeval, wt mkr, 767, 1046Prodeval Domestic Scale Co

dates, 1047kitchen sc mkr, 1046

Progress of the World, book extracts, 333-338Projection

autocollimation, 790-792Becker's Sons system, 837, 843Collot's system, 837optical, 836Sartorius' patent, 836

"Projection Indicators" (article by Jenemann), 836-837Projection reading, 3-6Proportion sc, mkr, Defiance Machine Works, 2967-2971Proportional weighing, 658, 2967-2971Proportional wts

definition, 878see also weights, purpose

Prospectus Mfg Coadvertisement for, 3310American sc mkr, 922, 1314-1315, 3307, 3310egg sc mkr, 383, 922, 1314-1315, 3307, 3310

Protector see Avery Scale CoProvenance, 1345, 3209-3210Provision dealers sc, mkr, Herbert & Sons, 1724, 1743Prussian, ccd, 1177Prussian patentee see patentee, PrussianPrutscher, A

milk sc mkr, 1029variable poise steelyard mkr, 1029

PTT, Dutch Post, 3230Public weigh-beams, 730, 1567Public weighbridge, 2355Puck (Maul, Jacob), 1656Pugh, William I

apprentice of Moffett, James Thomas (line omitted), 1733

father of Pugh, William II, 1733Pugh, William II

apprentice of Fletcher, Samuel, 1733son of Pugh, William I, 1733

Pugsley, Larry, biography, 3039Pull out top spring bal, definition, 195Pulsiver (author), 1140"Pump Up the Volume" (article by Knights), 3148-3150Punch, inspectors, 116, 120Punishment for counterfeiting, 266Purina

American sc retailer, 1039, 1314egg sc retailer, 1314milk sc retailer, 1039

Purist, 3156Purnell, E E, American ccd patentee, 2061Purnelle, E C

American ccd mkr, 990American postal sc mkr, 990

Push down top spring bal, definition, 195Putto

on candlestick, 1287on column, 1287on pans, 1287

Putzeys see Melot & PutzeysPwt see weights, denomination, pennyweightsPye, W G & Co


Pyle (author), 1025Pyne's, "Wardmote Inquest" (article), 729

QQuadrant, on ducat sc, 228Quadrant & cord, egg sc, 924Quadrant balance, quick weighing, 2184Quadrant sc, definition, 285, 286Quadrant sc see Pendulum scquadrant scale, 3379-3381Quadrant spring bal see Spring bal, quadrantQuart measure, 1138, 1187Quarter-angel see weights, denomination, angelQuarter-dollar

post-1853, 2063pre-1853, 2063

Quarter-guinea, dates, 1061Quarter-laurel see weights, denomination, laurelQuarter pound wts, justified, 1993Quartern loaf, 1058Quartern wts see weights, denomination, quarternQuartinho, Portuguese coin, 1062Quartz beam, 750-753Queen, James W & Co

American sc mkr, 1822precision bal mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Queen & CoAmerican sc mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Queen Elizabeth I, 3211Queen Mary of England, 2443Queen St, 1745Queen Victoria, 3183Queen's Hospital, wts for, 43Querue, C-spring mkr, 1875Quintal see weights, denomination, metricQuintenz, Friedrich Alois

AA design, 724centesimal sc mkr, 888dates, 885decimal sc mkr, 227, 721-722, 885-888inventor of decimal sc, 721patentee, 722, 887weighbridge mkr, 721

Quintenz sc see decimal sc

R"R & L Layton (Scalemakers)" (article by Matthews), 3318R A, definition, 286R B Bate of the Poultry, McConnell (1993) (review), 1786R C, C-spring mkr, 1875R E with 5 wheatsheaves (Reading), 1959R L CO, Oxford University mark, 20R S

C-spring mkr, 1875mancur mkr, 435mark on coin wts see Smart, Richardsee also French sc, mkr, Régnier, à Samur

R S A (Republic of South Africa), 443R T

steelyard mkr, 1847see also Tucker, Richard

R V, C-spring mkr, 1875R W

coin sc mkr, 22, 1352-1353mark in pans, 1352

R W in heart, mkrs mark, 1352R W R crowned, 24R*A, coin sc mkr, 1550-1551Rack & pinion

definition, 195, 286on pendulum, 1649on spring scale, 2097

Radford & Waddingtoncounter sc mkr, 132inverted roberval sc mkr, 132postal sc retailer, 132roberval sc mkr, 132

Radial arrestmentused by Becker, 2593, 2598used by Becker's Sons, 2607used by Bosch, 2593used by Bunge, 2593used by Göttinger Präzisionswagen Fabrik, 25943used by GPW, 2593used by Hartner, 2593used by Kern, 2593used by Oertling, 2594-2595used by Sartorius, 2596, 2598, 2607

Radial arrestment see circular arrestmentRaff, 1075Ragg, A E, patentee, 538, 540, 753, 1253, 1361, 1410-

1412, 3473, 3479, 3481Ragg,Alban Edward, 3473, 3479, 3481Railway sc

mkrDavis, A B & Co, 785Fairbanks & Co, 86, 992

Rampant lion mark, 2391Ramsden, Jesse, 3347

agate bearings, 1745coin sc mkr, 675dates, 1724double beam cone, 1720, 1745folding gold bal mkr, 675precision bal mkr, 1720scientific instrument mkr, 1724

Randall, Charles Henry

apprentice of Trowbridge, Charles, 1739apprentice of Wenborn, Robert, 1739dates, 1739succeeded by Randall & Co, 1739

Randall & Codates, 1739successor of Randall, Charles Henry, 1739

Randolph, N V & CoAmerican sc mkr, 1039, 2038manufacturer of Fitch, Dr Calvin H sc, 2038

Randomization, in experimentation, 3147Rangeley, Albert, 3033Rangeley's

Avery's Druggist's Scales, (article), 3488"Bartlett Pairs Postscript" (article by Rangeley), 2940-

2941Cawood Wistow & Otley, response, 1971"Denison Lent" (article), 1531-1532letter to editor, 1036, 1038, 1159Light Coin Act, response, 1970"More Mordan Weights 2" (article), 3080"More Solder Weighing" (article), 2549"Response, Town Weighbridge" (article), 2355"Response on Chromium-plated Weights" (article),

2550"Response on W & M Kit" (article), 2331"Scales Sales & Scrap" (article), 973-979"Windmill Weights" (article), 1116-1120

Rape, county division, 1925"Rare folders" (article by Crawforth), 200"Rare Oertling Bullion Balance" (article by Oliver), 2788-

2791"Rare Wilkinson balance" (article by Boogaard), 627-629Ratchet, curved, with cog, 2098Ratcliff, Edmund

candlestick sc mkr, 403, 3102-3103, 3106-3108dates, 1484, 3107making for Waterlow & Sons, 1486-1487parcel sc mkr, 1486roberval with encased-stays, 1486-1487

Ratcliff, I & Ccoin wts mkr, 884sovereign wts, 1127-1132

Ratcliff, J & Epaper clip mkr, 2854sc mkr, 2854, 3032, 3102-3103, 3106-3108

Ratcliff, Joseph & Edmundcandlestick postal, 224, 405-407, 686, 1223, 1792,

3102-3103, 3106-3108dates, 1484, 3107manufacturing style, 1484-1485patentees, 1487postal sc mkr, 133, 147, 224, 399, 403-405, 686, 690,

1223, 1227, 1469, 2124, 3070, 3102-3103, 3106-3108

roberval sc mkr, 147, 1227, 1479-1481robervals with encased stays, 1479-1488rolling pin sc, 133, 399, 1223rolling pin sc retailed by Browne, 1759steelyard, 1227, 3070wts mkr, 1479-1488

Ratcliff retailer, Waterlow & Sons, 2999-3000

Rati seeds, 2447Ratio see Lever ratio; proportional weighingRation book sc, 223-224Ration sc, mkr, Krups, Robert, 1872Rationswaage (mancur), 1863Ratl see weights, denomination, ratlRavene, Jacob Söhne & Co, retailer of Bernstein, Alex &

Co sc, 1954Rawlins, Thomas, engraver, 1013Rawson, Ladies of Manor of Bradford, 1957Ray, Caleb, American coin sc mkr, 817Raybay, Nicolas, French coin sc mkr, 2518-2519, 2548Re-gilding, gilding, 138"Reaction to Comment, 1922"(article by Newall), 2515"Reaction to Weighing in the 14th C" (article by Newall),

2067Read (author), 1794, 1796Read, Frederick Stanley

assizer, 2076-2082employed by Troughton & Simms, 2076mechanic, 2076-2082supervisor of W & M Standards Dept Board of Trade,

2076-2082Read, Joseph

apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729brother of Read, Samuel, 1729coin sc mkr, 183, 242, 246-247, 808, 2540first husband of Meymott, Mercy, 242first husband of Read, Mercy, 1736master of Pidgeon, John, 1736master of Porter, John, 1736master of Schooling, James, 1736master of Sewell, George, 1734, 2540succeeded by Read, Mercy, 1736

Read, Mercy, 247coin sc mkr, 247dates, 1736master of Porter, John, 1736master of Schooling, James, 1736successor of Read, Joseph, 1736widow of Read, Joseph, 1736

Read, Robert Hamilton, patentee, 1370Read, Samuel

apprentice of Hart, Benjamin, 244, 1737apprentice of Lane, John, 244, 1737apprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729, 1737apprentice with Gale, William, 244apprentice with Key, George, 244apprentice with Stiles, William, 244brother of Read, Joseph, 1729coin sc mkr, 207-208, 244-248, 556, 1729employer of Brind, William, 1745innovator, 1720lantern sight-hole shears mkr, 1586master of 12 apprentices at once, 1729master of Badcock, William Geagle, 246, 1729, 1738master of Brind, William, 246, 1729, 1737master of Cattell, Robert, 1735master of Clarke, Richard, 1729, 1738master of DeGrave, Charles, 1737master of DeGrave, Charles I, 246, 1729, 1737master of Gale, John, 1737

master of Gale, William, 246, 1729master of Holt, James, 246, 1729, 1735, 1738master of Lawrence, John Peter, 1736, 1738master of Read, Joseph, 246, 1729master of Sangster, John, 246, 1729master of Sangster, John II, 1735master of Vaughton, Christopher, 246, 1729, 1737partner of DeGrave, Charles, 246Standards wts mkr, 1491trade card, 247from Worcester, 1728

Read & DeGraveRead, Samuel & DeGrave, Charles I, 1737-1738succeeded by DeGrave, Charles I, 1737-1738

Reading edge, definition, 286Reading mark, 1959Readout, 2214Read's, "Grandfather's Standards" (article), 2076-2082,

2248Ready, Andrew, engraver, 1305Reales, 307, 1778-1785

nicknames, 1880Ream

definition, 1690varieties, 1696

Rebenstein, alias of Bernstein, Aaron David, 1948Receiver of City customs, Sommers, Charles I, 1398Recht Abgezogen, definition, 286Recoinage, British, 2442Recoinage 1773, 496Recoinage Act see Acts of Parliament, 1774Rectangular wts see weight, shapeRedco Supply Co., 2450Redeeming Trade Dollars (article), 648-649Redhead, John

apprentice of Claridge, Richard, 1737apprentice of Iliffe, William, 1737apprentice of Jenks, Edmund, 1737apprentice of Redhead, William, 1737

Redhead, William, apprentice of Redhead, John, 1737Reeve, James, biography, 3317Reeve & Hitchin's, Notes & Queries, 149, 3030Reeve's, "Scales" (article), 3315-3317Reeves, Thomas

apprentice of Wornell, John, 1734coin sc mkr, 1734dates, 1734

Reeves, W & Coprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

"Reflections on Dr Fitch" (article by Willard), 2050-2053Reform, C-spring mkr, 1875Registered design

Acme, 293, 957Avery, W & T, 829, 833-834, 1217, 1726Blews, W & Sons, 1086Brown, Isaac, 1413-1415Cotton, William, 1787Crane Foundry Co, 617, 638Day, William Chambers, 829Day & Millward, 1442, 1642

definition, 1218designer unknown, 437, 980, 993Duplex Handy Scale, 1945Fairbanks, London, 1647Fawcet & Butterworth, 272-273Greaves, John & Son, 238Green, David, 1788Griffin & Tatlock Ltd, 479Henley, 3128Herbert & Sons, 1197, 1723, 1743Hodges, Rowland, 3129Knight, George, 1416Levi & Salaman, 3128Lilly, S T, 373, 381Lund, W, 1231Mordan, S & Co, 133, 255Parnall & Sons, 1258Pelouze, 1673period, 1218Poupard, William, 1330Riddle, Gabriel, 1220S T S see Turner, Samuel SeniorSalter, Geo & Co, 286, 438, 547, 829, 833-834, 1217,

1726Setten & Durward, 124, 250, 3128Sheldon, J, 446, 1682Silvester & Co, 2, 19, 1220Townshend & Co, 146-147, 993Turner, Samuel Snr, 373, 414-415Winfield, R W, 11, 396, 404-407, 838-839, 3099, 3102,

3105Wise, Charles, 3129Wright, H B, 529, 1029, 1220, 1293

Registered design system, 1218Registration mark, 617, 636Régnier, à Paris, C-spring mkr, 1875, 2171Régnier, à Samur, C-spring mkr, 1875, 2171Régnier, Edme, 2171-2172

author, 2171curator for Museum of Artillery, 2171death, 2171-2172French sc mkr, 1869, 2231gunsmith, 2171inspector, 2171mechanical engineer, 2171patentee, 2171powder prover, 2231

cylinder container on, 2231Régnier, response on (article by Noël), 2171-2172Regulating wts see Acts of Parliament, 1774Regulations

steelyard, 1423-1425see also Board of Trade Regs

Regulations for counter wg/m 1889, 1459Regulations for iron wts, 614Regulations for scale beams 1889, 1459, 1835Regulations for spring bals 1889, 1459Regulations for steelyards 1889, 1459Reichsgold coin, 2272Reichsmark, 2272Reid, A B & Co, 3180

postal sc mkr, 3180

Reid Postal Scale, 3180art deco design of, 3180dial on, 3180postal rates on, 3180

Reimann, George, coin operated sc patentee, 2454-2456Reinhardt, Charles

American patentee, 3134-3138apothecary scale patentee, 3134, 3136, 3137-3138census listings, 3137-3138directory listings, 3137-3138

Reiss, C, béranger mkr, 2441Reiss, R W, patentee, 275-276Reitze, August

coin sorting machine mkr, 1177-1181German sc mkr, 1177-1181, 1954, 2275

"Reitze Coin-tester" (article by Lindner), 1177-1181Relating accuracy & precision, 2268Reliable Egg Grader, 381, 3158Reliable Mfg Co

advertisement, 3309candler, 1316egg sc mkr, 417, 1278, 1281, 1284, 1312-1314, 3307-

3309rocker mkr, 381, 1313steelyard mkr, 417, 1278, 1281, 1284, 1312-1313, 3158turkey egg sc mkr, 3309-3310see also James Mfg Co

Relieving gear, 2239definition, 286-287

"Remarkable Moneyweight Scale" (article by Smith), 2199-2208

"Remembering Bob Stein," 3350-3353"Remembering the Worst" (article by Sait), 2238Renaissance trumpet end, definition, 172-173Renaud fils, French sc mkr, 80Renauld fils, grain sc, 82Renaut, N, C-spring mkr, 1875Renes, hygrometer, 574Renevick, Prof J, 1002Renovation, scale, 3160-3161Renton, George E, Standard Computing Scale Co, 3253Repairer, 8

Croome, Thomas, 207Repairing

annual contracts, 1394"Beams Repairs & Inspectors" (article by Lound), 7-9equal arm sc, 8, 137-138

"Repairing Saddled Steelyards" (article by Newall), 2504"Repairing Sugar Scales" (article by Lound), 137-138Repetitive weighing sc, 1200"Replacing Cords on English money sc" (article by

Crawforth), 928Report, useful

1st on Condition of Exchequer 1870, 2265, 23192nd on Condition of Exchequer 1870, 22652nd Report of the Standards Comm, 2261, 22643rd on Condition of Exchequer 1870, 22654th on Condition of Exchequer 1870, 22654th Report of Boston Record Comm 1885, Dorchester

Town Records, 11404th Report of the Standard Comm 1870, 1090, 22625th Report of the Standards Comm 1871, 1090

10th Annual Report Warden of Standards 1876, 226413th Report of Boston Record Comm 1885, Records of

Boston Selectmen 1716-1736, 1140Caldecott's Reports, 1776-1785, 2336Report from the Select Comm W & M act of 1835,

2333Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the

Construction & Distribution of W & M (review), 189

Reproductionnesting weights, 2710scales, 2710wool weight molds, 2710wool weights, 2710

Reproductions, 36, 38-39, 144, 251-253, 683-691, 2710identifying, 2710

Requirements for approval, 2259Research sources, 2091-2096Resistance to motion, 2190

in a magnetic field, 2190Resistant, definition, 286Resolution, definition, 752Resort en lame (mancur), 1863"Response, Town Weighbridge" (article by Rangeley),

2355"Response from A Pommier" (article by Pommier), 2548"Response on Anderson Scale" (article by Gluck), 2258-

2259"Response on Chromium-plated Weights" (article by

Rangeley), 2550"Response on GPO Weights" (article by Foster), 2333"Response on Mordan" (article by Robinson), 3022-3023"Response on Régnier" (article by Noël), 2231"Response on Robervals" (article by Newall), 2672"Response on W & M Kit" (article by Rangeley), 2331"Response to Bate" (article by Douglas), 2279-2280"Response to Bate" (article by Peacock), 2333"Response to Ruttees" (article by Holland), 2447"Restoration Workshop" (article by Wells), 1318-1319Restorf, French patentee, 3479, 3481Restorf, M G, postal sc patentee, 1361, 1370, 1410-1412,

3479, 3481"Restorf Variations" (article by Stimpson), 1410-1412Reuleaux, Professor, 2272

Director of Königl, Gewerbe-akademie, 2272Revenue collectors, 1079-1080Reversible bismar, martini, 1030Reversible steelyards see steelyard, turn-overReview responce, Pommier's Poids Monétaires II, Poids

pour monnaies non françaises (article by Batz), 2721-2726

Reviews see Book reviewsRevised Act of 1834-35, 3509Reymerswaele's painting, Banker and his Wife, 744Reynolds, John, 1011-1015

officer of the Mint, 1011-1015Reynolds, Joseph

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1733coin sc mkr, 1729dates, 1733master of Newman, Thomas Porter (line omitted), 1735master of Northfield, Thomas Stephen, 1739

master of Stanley, Nathaniel, 1735, 1739partner of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733succeeded by Reynolds & Nicholl, 1733

Reynolds & Bransonprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Reynolds & Branson Ltdprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Reynolds & Nichollcoin sc mkr, 1733dates, 1733Reynolds, Joseph & Nicholl, William Lewis, 1735succeeded by Nicholl, William Lewis & Co, 1733successor of Reynolds, Joseph, 1733successors of Lewis & Nicholl, 1733

Reynold's painting, Justice, 741"Reynold's Patent Model" (article by Wesner), 2736-2738Rhone-Poulenc, chainomatic precision bal mkr, 620Ribbon see bandRichardson, G L, patentee, 669, 671Richardson, Jacob

apprentice of Smith, William, 1733dates, 1733

Richardson, JosephAmerican wt importer, 1488-1493importer, 1488-1493trade card, 1490, 2474

Richardson & Sayles (author), 1997, 2023Richtmann, C

American ccd patentee, 990, 2061American postal sc patentee, 990coin sc patentee, 990moving load sc patentee, 990, 3196-3200

Richtmann, Charles, 3196-3200, 3197-3200addresses of, 3197-3198American patentee, 3196-3200biography, 3196-3200dates, 3197-3198directory listings for, 3197-3198Dove Letter Scale, 3196-3200occupations of, 3197-3198patents of, 3196-3200, 3197-3200

Richtmann, H & Co, 3197-3198ad for, 3198-3199patent assignee, 3198-3199

Richtmann, Henry, 3197-3198addresses for, 3197-3198dates for, 3197-3198occupations of, 3197-3198

Rictusoperation, 1658trade name for Maul, Philipp Jakob, 559trademark of Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1633

Riddle, Gabrieladdress, 2123dates, 1723pendulum sc mkr, 1913postal sc mkr, 101, 112, 935, 1220, 1723, 2123, 2302

Riddle, Gilbert see Riddle, Gabriel

Rider bar, 154, 157, 479, 589dates, 563-564definition, 287

Rider-equipped balance, 2909-2911Rider poise, 2201Rider wt

definition, 287history, 563-564manipulation from outside case, 564see also weights, purpose

Ridgard, Josephadjusting sc & wts by year, 22apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1733coin sc mkr, 22dates, 22, 1733, 1737master of Wheatley, John, 1737

Riehle Bros, sc mkr, 2887Riess, R W

American patentee, 992ccd patentee, 992

Riga, Latvia, 2377Rimmer, J S, sc mkr, 2014Rimmer, Richard

ironmonger, 2006, 2014trade sc mkr, 2006

Rin see Weights, denominationRing & hole end

definition, 172-173, 287see also beam end shapes

Ring wts see weight, shapeRipon, inspectors stamping wts, 1893Ripon mark, 1929

Wakeman's horn, 1972Rittenhouse, 3096Riviere, C-spring mkr, 1875Rix's

Assay tons, letter, 332jockey wt, letter, 825

Robbins, E, wts, 638Robert, D L

butter sc mkr, 514, 1878dairy sc, 514

Robert, DL, dairy scale patentee, 3195Robert, Jean, coin weight mkr, 2517Roberts'

"Fraud" (article), 1182-1188Handbook of Weights & Measures (review), 87

Roberts (author), 24, 87, 802, 808, 1090, 1983Roberts, C H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Roberts, Richard, on Bartholomew Lane, 3019Roberts, Richard I, father of Roberts, Timothy, 243Roberts, Richard II

apprentice of Roberts, Timothy, 243coin sc mkr, 243, 3019master of Harrison, Thomas, 1731partner of Roberts, Timothy, 1731son of Roberts, Timothy, 1731successor of Roberts, Timothy & Son, 1731

Roberts, Samuel, sc beam filer, 1726Roberts, Timothy

apprentice of Taylor, William I, 243on Bartholomew Lane, 3019

coin sc mkr, 243-244dates, 1735, 3019father of Roberts, Richard II, 1731master of Jennings, Silas I, 243, 1731master of Roberts, Richard II, 243, 1731master of Sangster, John, 243, 1735master of Whitemarsh, William, 1732master of Wood, John, 243, 1732partner of Roberts, Richard II, 1731son of Roberts, Richard I, 243steelyard mkr, 244succeeded by Roberts, Timothy & Son, 1731trade card, 244trade sc mkr, 244wt mkr, 244

Roberts, Timothy & Sonon Bartholomew Lane, 3019dates, 1731diamond sc mkr, 1731Roberts, Timothy & Roberts, Richard II, 1731successors of Roberts, Timothy, 1731

"Roberval" (article by Crawforth), 127-134Roberval, Gilles Person de

dates, 197inventor, 127, 197, 1638

Roberval, Gilles Personne de, 2599, 3027-3028, 3092article by Crawforth, 127-134dates, 197inventor, 127, 197, 1638

Roberval, two load positions, 1725Roberval & micrometer, 217roberval postal sc

adjusting, 3206-3208bottom bracket on, 3206-3208pivot points on, 3206-3208

Roberval scaccelerating, 1646, 2602

definition, 1647adjustable, 1664adjustment, 1664apothecary, 793-794arresting lock, 2605Art Deco style, 1245Art Nouveau, 125article by Knights, 1644-1648bullion, 1939butchers, 1193chemical, 1101coal, 35, 131, 133, 1196coin, 275confectioners, 131counter, 106, 109, 128, 131, 136, 217, 287-289, 611,

647, 711, 1183, 1195, 1451, 1637-1638, 1647-1648, 1655, 2181, 2213, 2311

dates, 2601definition, 127, 197, 287-288, 445, 2180, 3092with drawer, 1245druggists, 78egg, 131, 379, 415, 924enamelled, 933, 3206-3208encased-stay counter, 1645, 2479-2488encased-stay postal, 947, 1227, 1479-1489

encased staysparcel, 1486parcel sc, 1486

encased stays (article), 1479-1488explanation of inverted system, 1642explanation of principle, 1639-1642French, 197, 1252, 1679, 2481French pattern, 131, 1645, 2602

definition, 1645, 1741German design, 1628half see half-robervalhanging pan, parcel, 1256Imperial, 1648invention, 132-133, 197inventor Medhurst, 134, 1547inverted, 129, 131, 256-257, 418, 697, 731, 1193, 1197,

1442, 1451, 1642, 1743dates, 1197

kitchen, 767, 769, 1046, 1195, 1321, 1462, 2074knife edge systems, 1639-1640linkage, 2213, 2599-2600London pattern, 853, 1637-1638, 2602-2603

definition, 1644mkr

Airway, 437Austin, retailer, 530Avery, W & T, 731, 793, 821, 1460, 1636-1638,

1644-1648, 2604, 2672Avery, W & T Ltd, 131, 133, 611, 731, 853, 1453-

1454, 1645-1647Baillet, 2487Barmer Waagenfabrik, 2605Béranger, Joseph, 1664, 2487Birchfield, 35Boué, 2487Bourne, Thomas, 697, 1724Bourne & Smith, 136Briais, Narcissé, 1252, 1679Calais & Chairgrasse, 2487Castinel & Bonnet, 2487Chatillon, John & Sons, 452, 1556, 1591-1593Davignon, 2487Day & Millward, 711, 802, 1442, 1451, 1636,

1642, 1725, 2605Denison, Samuel & Son Co Ltd, 1183Expere, 2605Fabrique Strasbourgeoise de Constructions

Mécaniques, 2487Fairbanks, E & T & Co, 78, 106, 109Fairbanks of London, 1647Godet, 2487Hall, J & Son, 1648Herbert & Sons, 1193-1198, 1723-1725, 1728-

1729, 1743, 2604Hoffman, 2487Howe, 530Howe Scale Co, 1528Kohlbusch, Herman, 1643Merlin, 197Mordan, Sampson & Co, 131-133, 663, 681-691,

933-950, 1231, 1254, 1667-1668, 1680, 1683, 2057, 2589-2590

Newman, J, 1829Parnall & Sons Ltd, 1645Penn Scale Mfg Co, 647Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 1645Ratcliff, E, 1487Ratcliff, J & E, 147, 1227, 1479-1481, 3102-3103,

3106-3108Roche, 2487S T S see Turner, Samuel SeniorSchnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 889-892Setten & Durward, 125Steinfeldt & Blasberg, 1641Testut, 2487Townshend & Co, 146Troemner, Henry, 1101, 1643, 2605Turner, Samuel Senior, 41, 415, 663, 821, 943,

3030Walker, A & Co Ltd, 709Westphal, 2601White, J & Sons, 1445Wimmerlin, 2487, 2601

modified, 2258parcel, 1261patentee, Brussaut, 2601photographic, 113postal, 36, 109, 125, 131-133, 250, 415, 530, 663, 681-

691, 821, 933-950, 993, 1227, 1245, 1252, 1627-1628, 2085, 2258, 2589-2590, 3030

postal & coin, 275principles, 127-129, 170retailer

Army & Navy Stores, 1667Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1655Wilson & Gill, 1667

shop, 530, 611, 647, 709, 711, 769, 890, 995, 2479-2488

silver, 663, 821, 1667-1668, 1680, 1683single beam, 1247, 1252, 1261, 1645, 1741static enigma, 2180style

Art Deco, 1243, 1262-1263, 1462Art Nouveau, 125neo-gothic, 1558

tea, 1556, 2672three-stay, 1645trade, 452, 530, 1442travellers, 942, 946two load positions, 1725verification in France, 197vibrating, 1183, 2672wheelbarrow, 35wooden, 1724

Roberval sc, 2180, 2216, 2229-2230, 2322, 2438, 2589-2590, 2599-2600, 2672, 3099

see also torsion bal"Roberval the Movie" (article by Knights), 1637-1642Roberval's Static Enigma, 2599-2600"Robervals with Encased Stays" (article by Crawforth, D),

1479-1488Robidoux, Joseph, 2293

scale mkr, 2293Robinson, Daniel

coin sc mkr, 627, 1827folding gold bal mkr, 627, 1827

Robinson, H G, American ccd patentee, 13, 1020, 2061Robinson, James

apothecary sc retailer, 1841dates, 1841scientific instrument mkr, 1841succeeded by Robinson, James & Sons, 1841

Robinson, James & Sonsdates, 1841precision bal retailer, 1841successors of Robinson, James, 1841

Robinson, Jonathandates, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508

Robinson, Michael, biography, 2860, 3023, 3358Robinson, T C, 2249

bal mkr, 2655-2656Robinson, Thomas Charles

compass mkr, 1713cooperated with Kater, 1724date, 1724, 1745lattice beam, 1745, 2120precision bal mkr, 590, 1212, 1215, 1745scientific instrument mkr, 1787, 1822working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787see also catalogue

Robinson & Codates, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508, 1513

Robinson & Knights' "Bartlett Pairs" (article), 2919-2922Robinson's

"Accelerating Postals" (article), 2857-2860"An Unusual Mordan Postal Scale" (article), 3291-3292"Half Roberval Letter Scale" (article), 3348"Look-Alike Weights" (article), 3285-3286"More Mordan Weights 1" (article), 3080Postal Scales & Weights, letter, 755"Response on Mordan" (article), 3022-3023"Siebe Parcel Balance", (article), 3356-3358"Winfield's Rare Candlestick" (article), 3369-3373

Robson's, "From Bevin Boy to Scale Collector" (article), 3031-3033, 3281

Roche, roberval sc mkr, 2487Roche, L, béranger mkr, 2441Rochester Scale Works, 2980Rocker

bank, 991coin, 11-15, 78, 235-238, 269, 272-274, 365, 621, 754,

947-949, 990, 1177-1181, 1340-1341, 1684, 2059-2066, 2569

cruciform, 2569coin & letter, 2060definition, 287dentist, 227, 2056egg sc, 379-384, 414-417, 922-924, 1276-1279, 1283mkr

ABC Co, 1279Allender, 13Amalgamated Dental Company Ltd, 2056Bourn, 272Bramall & Brookes-King, 413

Catherwood, 1340-1341Cattle, B, 272-273Davis, G, 269, 274Fairbanks & Co, 15Fairbanks Infallible sc Co, 15Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 2040Frost Poultry Fences, 1279Greaves, Ed, 235Greaves, J & Son, 235Harris & Co, 274Harrison, 273, 287, 365Hart, H W Mfg Co, 1283James Mfg Co, 381-382Lincoln Mfg, 414-415, 1276Mailway, 505Maranville, Harvey, 13, 2060McNally, J T, 15McNally & Harrison, 15Mordan, Sampson & Co, 272, 1684Mount Tacoma Mfg Co, 381-382Oakes Mfg, 383-384Petaluma Electric Incubator Co, 415, 1276Poupard, W & Co, 1329-1330Reliable Mfg Co, 381, 1313Savoure, J P, 275Standard Egg sc Co, 379Tabberer, William, 1725Thompson, J A, 14-15Treff, K, 307White Mfg Co, 381-382, 389Winfield, R W, 12

nationalityAmerican, 13-15, 78, 191, 370, 379-383, 389, 415-

417, 505, 759-764, 786, 818-820, 840, 875-876, 904, 922-924, 1018, 1034, 1276-1283, 1312-1313, 2059-2066

British, 12, 227, 235, 238, 269, 272-276, 287, 365, 379, 383, 413, 417, 446, 622, 924, 947-949, 1034, 1123, 1180, 1329, 1340, 1561, 1616, 1748, 2065

Canadian, 1034French, 445German, 445, 1177-1181, 1614-1621Spanish, 307Turkish, 190-191, 2569

platform scale, 2345postal, 397, 505, 621-622, 704, 1329-1330prescription, 2040wooden, 416, 417, 2345

Rocking-horse steelyard, definition, 285, 288Rockingham, Lord, report on counterfeiting, 265Rococo, 2438Rod links, definition, 174, 288Rodgers, J & Sons, retailer, 237Rodrigues, postal sc retailers, 938Roebuck, John, patentee, 692, 698Roeder, Frederick A, American patentee, 997, 2603, 2610Roeder, Frederick A & Springer, Alfred, patentees, 997,

2610Roeder, Prof Frederick A & Springer, Dr Alfred, inventor

of torsion bal principle, 2052, 2610Roettier, John, die mkr, 461

Rogers, Benjamin, dates, 1508Rogers, P, inverted roberval sc mkr, 2469Rogers, Peter & Co

apothecary wt mkr, 829dates, 638wts, 638-639, 834-835

Rogers, S A, coin sc patentee, 2064Rogers & Sons, 16Rolamite

adjustment knob on, 2500assembler Goodwill, 2502Data-Link mkr, 2500description of, 2499dial colors on, 2500dial on, 2500inventor, Wilkes, 2501-2502letter scale, 2477-2478, 2499-2505patent

Austrian, 2501German, 2501

patent for, 2499, 2501patentee, 2501postal rates on, 2499researcher

Gladow, 2502Hanson, 2502

rollers on, 2499"Rolamite Postal Scale" (article by Lushbough), 2499-2505"The Role of the Patent Model Museum" (article by

Wesner), 2819-2820Rollamite, Technical Research Library, developer of, 2500Rollé, Frederic

partner of Schwilgué, Jean-Baptiste, 721patentee, 888see also Quintenz

"Rollé, Frederic" (article by Haeberle), 885-888Rollé & Schwilgué

dates, 888partners in Strasburg-Grafenstadt Engine Co, 888partners Rollé, Frederic & Schwilgué, Jean-Baptiste,

721platform sc mkr, 721roberval sc mkr, 2487trade sc mkr, 887

Romaine a cadran (mancur), 1863"Roman, coin scale" (article by Holland), 814-816Roman

poise, 168, 1289sc

bismar, 823-824, 2145bronze, 2145decorative counterpoise on, 2145

coin, 814-816equal arm beam, 564, 2176, 3027equal arm with rider-poise, 2145equal arm with rider wt, 564hinged beam, 1567rider wt invention, 564steelyard, 168-169, 1819, 2216

poise, 2145steelyard with gauge, 579turn-over steelyard, 2144

bronze, 2144use in Herculanium, 2144use in Pompeii, 2144

weighing practices, 1326sc (article), 508-509steelyard

definition, 284, 288see also turn-over steelyard

stone weight, 2148"Roman Bismar" (article by Carley), 823-824"Roman coin scale" (article by Holland), 814-816Roman sc

bismar, 823-824coin, 814-816equal arm with rider wt, 564hinged beam, 1567rider wt invention, 564steelyard, 168-169, 1819steelyard with gauge, 579weighing practices, 1326

Roman sc (article), 508-509Roman steelyard

definition, 284, 288see also turn-over steelyard

"Roman Steelyard" (article by Eran), 168-169reply by Holtman, 1853-1854

"Roman Steelyard?" (article by Simcock), 1819Romano-British wts, 1074Romme wts see weights, denomination, rommeRooke, W I E, 408, 1223, 3104

signed candlestick sc, 3104Rosal, Tomas

Spanish sc mkr, 1605trade card, 1605

Rose crowned, stamp on box, 1353Rose-noble see weights, denomination, rose nobleRose-ryal see weights, denomination, rose-ryalRosenbel see weights, denominationRosenfield, William W., 2758

coin operated sc patentee, 2458, 2460Rosenfield Manufacturing Co., 2458Ross, Thomas, US patentee, 2756Rostworowski, Maria, researcher, 2908Rotoli see weight systems, rotoli; weights, denomination,

rotoliRotolo see weight systems, rotoli; weights, denomination,

rotoliRottel see weight systems, rotoli; weights, denomination,

rotoliRouelle, G F, French chemist, 631Round, John & Son Ltd, silversmith, 821, 3022Round tapering wts see weight, shape, round taperedRousch, Edwin, Fairbanks VP, 2804Rouse

pendulum sc mkr, 573, 605yarn sc mkr, 573, 605

Rouse, George, sc mkr, 3090Rouyer (author), 1564Roving sc

article by Crawforth, 1143-1150, 1168-1176steelyard, 1169

Rowe, A G, postal sc patentee, 707

Rowe,E C, Chicago Scale Co, President, 3460Rowley, John

dates, 1724scientific instrument mkr, 1718, 1724steelyard mkr, 1718

RoyalAmerican sc mkr, 924egg sc mkr, 924, 1276

Royal Computing Spring Weighing Instrument, 2209Royal Exchange, 1745, 3016Royal Mint, 2446

coin wts, 24, 884, 919, 984, 1413Coinage Act 1889, 927crown mark, 24, 1604Freeman sc-mkr to, 391making wts 1421, 951Master of, 103-104, 914, 951, 984Napier's bal, 103-105nesting wts, 1038not controlling wt of coins, 1901Office of Weigher & Stamper of Money Wts, 496,

1081, 1565mark, 498

recoinage started 1773, 1080Records, 105sc mkr to, 810selling sc & wts, 985solicitor's circular 1769, 495stamping by, 23, 166, 464, 967, 1126, 1603-1604,

1750, 1935, 1938Standards 1758, 391Standards 1774, 965supplying wts 1821, 915supplying wts 1842, 915supplying wts 1843, 915Tower of London, 502Tryers wts, 1038under-provision of coin, 2068Warden, 984weight of coins, 881see also weights, mkr, Royal Mint

Royal Mint , on coin weights, 1821, 1413Royal Mint Weights (letter from Rangeley), 1038Royal Mint, 23, 43, 103-105, 166, 459, 810, 927, 966, 984,

1042, 1063, 1068, 1079, 1081, 1125-1132, 1416on coin weights, 1130-1132

Royal Museum of Scotland, 2152Royal Society, comparisons of wts, 1991Royston see EltexRubidge, Charlotte

dates, 1737succeeded by Nicholl, William Lewis, 1737successor of Rubidge, James, 1737widow of Rubidge, James, 1737

Rubidge, Jamesapprentice of Meymott, Clement I, 1737coin sc mkr, 1737dates, 1737husband of Rubidge, Charlotte, 1737master of Paul, Moses, 1737succeeded by Rubidge, Charlotte, 1737

Rüeprecht, A & Son

dates, 720, 2593, 2595partners Rüeprecht, Albert I & Albert II, 720precision bal mkr, 563, 718-720successor of Rüeprecht, Albert I, 720

Rüeprecht, Albert Ifather of Rüeprecht, Albert II, 720precision bal mkr, 720succeeded by Rüeprecht, A & Son, 720

Rüeprecht, Albert IIfather of Rüeprecht, Alfred, 720owner of Rüeprecht, A & Son, 720son of Rüeprecht, Albert I, 720

Rüeprecht, Alfredowner of Rüeprecht, A & Son, 720son of Rüeprecht, Albert II, 720

Ruhland, RBritish patentee, 678French patentee, 1370

Rule & postal sc, 1031Rulke, C, postal sc patentee, 708Runge,Frederick W, American patentee, 3383, 3390Rüprecht, Vinnese bal mkr, 2593, 2662Rüprecht, A & Son see RüeprechtRus, William

coin wt mkr, 951Master of Mint, 951

Russell, Edward, assignor, 2862Russia, history of, 3274Russian, civilization, 2148Russian grain sc, 80Russian history, 3274Russian malachite, 3295

dated, 3295"Russian Nesting Weights 2" (article by Marson), 1426-

1435"Russian Nesting Weights for Poland" (article by Monnig),

278-279Russian porcelain wts see weights, nationalityRussian W & M, checked in Britain, 2077-2082Rust treatment, 219, 280, 633, 1209, 1239Rutland mark, 2031Rutte wts see weights, denomination, rutteRyal

coin, 913see also weights, denomination, ryal

Ryder see weights, denominationRyo, 319Rys, V, patentee, 679

SS, mark on wts, 251S & D, spring bal mkr see Setten & DurwardS & P

postal steelyard, 1519-1520Simcox & Pemberton, 1519-1520

S A C, mark on wts, 121S A R, South African Railways, 443S A Y W, mark on wts, 122S C, mark on wts, 121S-C mark (Somerset), 1956S D

coin sc mkr, 1104, 1767

dates?, 1767S G see specific gravityS G D G, definition, 332, 446, 3481S Garcia Ltd, 2448S hook, definition, 313S loop, definition, 314S M

on dry measures, 1160hall-mark on silver (Mordan, Sampson & Co), 1678

S M & Co see Mordan, Sampson & CoS M G R, silver mark, 935S N mark in pans (Neale, Samuel), 1356S N mark on beam (Neale, Samuel), 1377S O & crown, mark on wts, Stationary Office, 703S P & Sons, Simcox Pemberton & Sons, 1519S S, wts mkr, 1830S S mark (South Shields), 1960S S mark on wts, 1841S T R, weights mkr?, 1426-1427S T S see Turner, Samuel SeniorS V

on wts, 1043see also weights, denomination, crown

S Y, mark on wts, 121S*G on wts, 1832

Gatchell, Samuel, 1769Sack sc, 134, 136

inverted roberval, 1460mkr

Avery, W & T, 1460Marriott, Henry, 1883

roberval, 136Saddle, definition, 175, 311, 315"Saddled Steelyards, 1922"(article by Owen), 2504Saddler, M D

ccd patentee, 1020coin-operated machine, 1020

SAFAA, coin operated sc mkr, 2495Saffron, Walden mark, 20Saffron lacquer, 1236Saint Eligius, dates, 3453-3454Saint Eligius, Petrus's painting, 3453-3454Saint George, Michael and John the Baptist, 748Saint Michael

Bermejo's painting, 745Chirlandaio's painting, 746

Sait, Charles, biography, 2238, 2622Sait's

"Depressed Tourist Turns Expert" (article), 3015-3016"Diamond Scales" (article), 2619-2622"Diamond Scales" Part 2 (article), 2650-2654"Diamond Scales" Part 3 (article), 2691-2695"Remembering the Worst" (article), 2238

Sala, Giacomo, 2387successor of Bozzo, 2387

Saladin, L J B, yarn bal patentee, 1176Sales see "Scales, Sales & Scrap"sales aids, 3311-3314

bank, 3326"Sales Aids & Awards" (article by Matthews), 3326-3329Sales awards

cutlery, 3329

trips, 3328-3329watch, 3328

Sales reps aidagate bearings, 3328weights, 3328

Salesman, Berkel, 3438-3439Salford mark, 1960, 2031Salmon, Robert, weighbridge patentee, 692Salop (Shropshire), 121Salop South mark, 1980Salt steelyard, 2403-2404

blade on, 2404with glass scoop, 2403-2404hook on loose poise, 2404

"Salt Steelyard" (article by Cohn), 2403-2404Salter

Berlin factory, 517, 1438earthenware wts, 83egg sc, 381-382, 414, 417grain sc mkr, 518, 524, 1451internationally approved by Weights & Measures Dept,

2130retailed by Krups, 2130scales made for Avery, 2130spring bal mkr, 288, 383, 417, 431, 438, 470, 703, 765,

1259, 2130, 2610use of Staffordshire knot, 2130see also catalogue

Salter, Geo & Coadvertising sc, 1256article by Crawforth, 515-529, 543-544, 2163Autoway, 513, 546, 551bank sc mkr, 518bicycle sc mkr, 518bow front sc, 513, 527bread, sc mkr, 523, 1089, 1093Bussey patentee Peckham, London on face, 2087, 2130C-spring mkr, 1873-1875circular bal see Salter, Geo & Co, dial face sccircular sc see Salter, Geo & Co, dial & slidecoal scale, 3418-3419date of Knot trade mark, 517, 2130design registration, 286, 547, 829, 833-834, 1217, 1726dial & slide, 521, 536, 2087, 2088-2089dial face sc, 515, 523, 525, 1073, 2087, 3367-3368,

3418-3419dynanometer, 536flat face sc, 1141, 1876G P O sc, 513, 1036, 1123grain sc mkr, 518, 2849instant read-out, 1914kitchen sc mkr, 765, 770knot dates, 1259letter sc mkr, 3367-3368Ltd Co dates, 543making for Avery, 523making for France, 1141making for Perry, 3185mancur mkr, 434, 438Old Advert, 438, 536ostrich feather sc mkr, 518paper sc mkr, 1692, 1704

parcel sc mkr, 1123patents, 286, 515, 549pen, 513person sc mkr, 536, 536, 547, 925, 1708, 2444plastic faced sc, 521postal sc mkr, 147, 455-456, 513, 519, 523, 538, 547,

551-552, 703, 706, 1036, 1123, 1141, 1253, 1256, 1259, 1262, 1452, 3024, 3028, 3367-3368

pressure gauges, 536quadrant sc, 286, 288, 515, 525rack & pinion, 2130silk sc mkr, 518spring bal, 2087-2089, 2130, 2856, 3024, 3026

wholesale with Avery, W & T Ltd on face, 523straight face spring bal, 315, 513, 521, 1259tension tester mkr, 224-225top pan sc, 513, 515, 525, 528, 536, 770, 1908trade sc mkr, 1440tubular sc, 521, 527, 2088typewriter, 543, 1256wholesalers, 1439, 1726wts, 519

Salter, Geo & Co Ltdbathroom sc mkr, 543, 554bought Abbey Man Co dates, 544cocoa bean sc mkr, 544coffee sc mkr, 544cotton sc mkr, 544crane weigher mkr, 543-544dates, 543egg sc mkr, 381, 383, 417, 543ground nut sc mkr, 544kitchen sc mkr, 544milk recorder sc mkr, 543-544palm kernel sc mkr, 544patentee see patentee, British, Salterpig weighing sc mkr, 544pocket weigh-bridge, 543postal sc mkr, 1259, 1263properties in Berlin, 1438shell weighing sc mkr, 543sportsman sc mkr, 545standing weighing machine with dial, 2130sugar cane sc mkr, 544tea sc mkr, 544tension tester mkr, 543, 552testers, 543tobacco leaf sc mkr, 544

Salter, Geo Cofireplace jack mkr, 2856spring sc mkr, 2856

Salter, George, patentee, 515, 2088Salter, George I

dates, 1508patentee, 1508spring bal mkr, 1508

Salter, John, spring bal mkr, 515Salter, Richard

dates, 1508spring bal mkr, 413, 515, 1508

Salter, T B, patentee, 549

Salter, Williamdates, 1508spring bal mkr, 515, 1508, 1542

Salter & Co see Salter, Geo & CoSalter-Abbey, 545, 554"Salter in Berlin" (article by Beek), 1438-1440Salter Industrial Measurements Ltd, spring sc mkr, 1438Salter letter scale, 3367-3368

for Belgian market, 3367-3368Salter retailer, Waterlow & Sons, 3001, 3004Salter silver checker, sold by Waterlow, 3004Salter the Story of a Family Firm by Bache (review), 187Saltersches Haus, 1440Saltinstall-Taylor T & H, patentee, 650Samon, V-spring mkr, 1875"Samuel Turner Senior Parcel Scale" (article by Laycock),

2936-2940Sanctorius, centesimal sc mkr, 887Sand-blasting see verificationSanders

author, 87, 135, 749, 1090, 1569, 1707, 1882, 2083Short History of Weighing (review), 87, 435

Sanders, Thomasscientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Sanderson, W H, patentee, 3012Sandia National Laboratory, 2501Sandland, sc mkr, 3089"Sandy Harris, Scale Inventor"(article by Beyreis), 3110-

3112Sangster, earthenware wts, 83Sangster, Elizabeth

1768-1785 (date omitted), 1735coin sc mkr, 242mother of Sangster, Thomas, 242partner of Sangster, John II, 242, 1735widow of Sangster, William, 242

Sangster, Elizabeth & Johncoin sc mkr, 9date, 9trade card, 9

Sangster, Henryapprentice of Sangster, William, 1742employed by Sangster, William?, 1742

Sangster, J W & Co, successor of Sangster, John William, 1735

Sangster, Jamesapprentice of Picard, John, 212coin sc mkr, 208, 212-214, 1069dates, 1735steelyard mkr, 214succeeded by Moffett, James Thomas, 1735trade card, 214wt mkr, 214

Sangster, John Iapprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729apprentice of Roberts, Timothy, 243, 1735coin sc mkr, 242, 246dates, 1735father of Sangster, John II, 1735

Sangster, John IIapprentice of Newton, William, 1735

apprentice of Read, Samuel, 1735partner of Sangster, Elizabeth, 242son of Sangster, John I, 1735

Sangster, John IIIcoin sc mkr, 1735dates, 1735father of Sangster, Robert, 1735moved to Portsea, 1735same address as Sangster, John William, 1735

Sangster, John Williamdates, 1735same address as Sangster, John III, 1735succeeded by Sangster, J W & Co, 1735

Sangster, Joseph, worked in Southampton, 1735Sangster, Robert

apprentice of DeGrave, Edward Abraham, 1735dates, 1735son of Sangster, John III, 1735worked in Landport, 1735

Sangster, Thomascoin sc mkr, 242son of Sangster, Elizabeth, 242son of Sangster, William, 242

Sangster, Williamapprentice of Brooksby, Thomas I, 213apprentice of Picard, John, 212coin sc mkr, 212-214, 242, 1069dates, 1735employer of Sangster, Henry?, 1742father of Sangster, Thomas, 242husband of Sangster, Elizabeth, 242master of Sangster, Henry, 1742

Sans Garantie Du Gouvernement, 3481Sao, sao-Bakari beams, 321Sara bakari see steelyardSargent & Co

American sc mkr, 1555spring bal mkr, 1555

Sartorius, Erichdates, 836optical projection sc mkr, 837patentee, 836son of Sartorius, Florenz, 836

Sartorius, Florenzdates, 836father of Sartorius, Erich, 836long beam design, 5precision bal mkr, 643, 701, 836semi-micro bal mkr, 5, 35, 37Vacua mkr, 2591-2592, 2593-2597

Sartorius, Florenz, 2593"Sartorius Again" (article by Holland), 2591-2592Sartorius-Werke, 2542

balance, 2542-2547, 2591-2592, 2593-2597, 2598, 2607, 2659, 2662

analytical bal mkr, 2607circular arrestment, 2607magnetic damping on, 2591pneumatic damping on, 2591Selecta, 2591-2592, 2597single-centre radial arrestment, 2597, 2607two-centre radial arrestment, inventor,

Mendeleyeff, 2591-2597, 2598Vacua, two-centre radial arrestment, 2591-2592,

2593-2597weighing in vacuum, 2591

Sash, glass protection, 1599Satchell (author), 1998Saunders, Charles

apprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1737son of Saunders, Thomas, 1737

Saunders, Edwardapprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1737dates, 1737

Saunders, James, sc mkr, 3089Saunders, Robert

dates, 1734master of Grove, Christopher I, 1734master of Moore, William, 1734

Saunders, Thomasdates, 1737father of Saunders, Charles, 1737sc beam forger, 1726

Sauter, Augustapothecary sc mkr, 806long beam design, 5precision bal mkr, 5, 791

Savage, Alfred & Codates, 1732grocers sc retailer, 1726possibly successors of Savage, Joseph, 1732tea sc mkr, 1732

Savage, Josephapprentice of Dutton, James, 1732date, 1732possibly succeeded by Savage, Alfred & Co, 1732

Save-all see Brower Mfg CoSavoure, J P, patentee, 275-276, 400Sawgood, John

apprentice of Blackman, Solomon, 1735dates, 1735employed by DeGrave & Son, 1745master of Fowler, John, 1735master of Jones, Thomas II, 1735master of Wiggington, James, 1735partner of DeGrave, Charles, 1735partner of DeGrave, Mary, 1737

Saxon, Joseph, American designer, 102Saxon wts, 1074Scabbard, do'tchin, 57Scale

automatic, 2214at Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 2238budgie, 3178candlestick, 3099-3109, 3127-3133coin, for silver coins, 3223coin-operated

American, 1710-1712, 2392, 2423-2424pendulum, 1629, 2433person, 717, 2392, 2423-2433, 2433-2435

with height measuring, 2427ticket dispensing, 2427, 2458weight lifting, 2427

person sc see American Weigh; person sc

as component, 2214dairy, 2489-2492definition, 2571digital, 3024double beam, 2232-2233Dutch, 2183electronic, 2214-2215farm, 3401-3403

pendulum, 3401-3403gem, 2785-2786grain, 3013-3014guilded, 3161ice, 2220-2223indicator, 2227-2228knife edge principle, 2180marked for assembly, 2884-2886mystery

Fairbanks, 2582-2583with folding box, 2582-2583

Howe, 2582-2583with collapsible bucket, 2583-2584

nationalityAfghan, 2785-2786Egyptian, 3025Indian, 2309-2310

nickeled, 3161nonautomatic-indicating equal-arm counter, 2258powder, 3020price computing, 2199-2209price-indicating, 2232-2238with printed readout, 2214provenance, 3209-3210seed, 3013-3014self-balancing, 2179self-computing, 2213self-indicating, 2179silvered, 3161spring

with circular read out, 2181elliptical, 2181mancur, 2181sector, 2181Stebe, 2181toy, 3151

spring balance, 2181as system, 2214top pans, 2599-2600toy, 3151trip, 2230

scale basesblack limestone, 3295black marble like, 3295

made in Ashford, 3295made in Bakewell, 3295made in Derby, 3295made of limestone, 3295

marble, 3295tool for, made by Watson, Henry, 3295

Scale beam-ends, 2572-2574Scale box, morocco leather, 3491Scale cataloguing, 2571, 2574Scale Ccompany, advertisement items, 3311-3314, 3327,

3329Scale classification, 2571Scale Company

advertising, 3311-3314, 3327, 3329jewelry, 3516

cuff links, 3516service pins, 3516tie clasp, 3516tie pins, 3516tie tacks, 3516watch fob, 3516

sales aids, 3326-3329sales awards, 3326-3329, 3516

Scale history, 2571-2572Scale house

British, 2336steelyard in, 2336

"Scale Hunting in Sri Lanka" (article by Wilson), 2311-2319

"Scale in Question"article by Crawforth, 53-55article by D Crawforth, 36-37

"Scale Makers in Michigan: 1879-1958," (table), 3263Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Bayley, Michael,

3018-3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Franting , William &

Co, 3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Freeman, Samuel,

3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Neale , Henry, 3017,

3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Newton , William,

3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Newton , William &

Co, 3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Overing, Thomas,

3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Phillips, Walter, 3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Roberts , Timothy,

3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Roberts, Richard,

3019Scale makers on Bartholomew Lane, Roberts, Timothy &

Son, 3019"Scale Making in London" (article by D Crawforth), 207-

215, 239-248Scale Mart, The, merger with Hunt & Co, 3318Scale mkr

AmericanBorg, Eriksons, 2952Continental, Hutchinson, 2952Counselor, Brierley, 2952Detecto, Jacob, 2952Fairbanks, 2952Hanson, 2952

AT Co., 2227-2230British, Salter, 2240, 2952French, Terraillon, 2952German, Krups, 2952Westa, 2952

Scale mkrs shop, 469Scale mkrs tools, 471

Scale nationality, 2571Scale plates, 84Scale Queen, 2340-2343

advertisers on, 2340-2342bowling version, 2343dates, 2341-2342leather covered, 2342makers, 2341marketing area for, 2342

Scale renovation, 3160-3161method

sand-blasting, 3160shot-blasting, 3160

Scale retailer, Preston, Edward, 1726Scale technicalities, 2572Scale vocabulary, 2571Scale weights, 2575Scales

ball, 2221cleaning, 3035-3036, 3155-3161contracting, 2221counter, 2221definition, 311ice, 2220-2223mechanical advances in, 2213union, 2221uses of, 3315-3317

"Scales" (article by Reeve), 3315-3317Scales, A Collector's Guide (review), 2392"Scales, Sales & Scrap" (article by Rangeley), 973-979Scales & Balances by Graham (review), 355Scales & Weights by Kisch (review), 87, 186"Scales as Symbols" (article by Danforth), 739-749"Scales of the Gold Rush" (article by Doniger), 151-158"Scales With Circular Dials" (article by Kok), 3323-3325"Scales with the initials N B"(article by Kok), 3478-3482Scarratt's, "Folders how wide?" (article), 2437Schall, Daniel & Co., 2458Scheffel, German measure for grain, 51Scheins, Samuel

dates, 1738successor of Shury, Samuel I, 1738

Schember, C & SöhneAustrian sc mkr, 1698paper sc mkr, 1698-1699pendulum sc mkr, 1699see also catalogue

Schendler (author), 1871Scheurer, William, biography, 2151Scheurer's

"The Science of Weighing YesterdayPart 1" (article), 2143-2155Part 2" (article), 2173-2182Part 3" (article), 2211-2216

Schickert's principle, 11-12, 78, 233-234, 427, 903, 1231, 1276-1277, 1281, 1413-1415, 1973, 2060, 2258, 2365-2366, 2370, 2603-2604

sold by Kohlbusch, Herman, 2606used by Automatic Scale Co Ltd., 2604, 2606used by Fairbanks, 2604used by I Brown, 2604used by Lund, 2604

used by M Mark, 2604used by Maranville, 2604used by Schickert, 2604used by Stephenson, Howard & Davis, 2604used by White mfg. Co., 2604used on Kresky egg scale, 2604see also Mass Stabilised Pan

Schild louis d'or see weights, denominationSchlaff see Anscheutz & SchlaffSchlesinger, M

German sc mkr, 1179-1181, 1180trade card, 1180

Schmidt, Johannes, mancur mkr, 434Schmidt, Peter Ludwig

C-spring mkr, 1875mancur mkr, 431, 434-435

Schmidt, Utz, 3239biography, 2492

Schmidt's"The Founders - Contemporary Views" (article), 3239-

3242, 3247-3248"The Standard Computing Scale Company" (article),

3252-3255"150 Years & Still Weighing"(article), 3261-3262"Are There Michigan Scale Patents?" (article), 3243-

3245"Beware of Fake Nesting Wts" (article), 251-253"Early Recording Milk Scale" (article), 2489-2492"Egyptian & Roman Scales" (lecture), 578-579"Grain Scales" (article), 51-53"Handy Postal Scales" (article), 3242-3243"Meloney Automatic Registering Milk Scale"(article),

3359-3366Notes & Queries 150, "Who has a Handy Postal

Scale?," 3045Schmidt's & Moss,' "Introduction" (article), 3239Schmitz's, "Koch Parcel & Letter Scale" (article), 1917-

1923Schmolz, W, bank sc patentee, 1020Schneckenberger, E, postal sc patentee, 704-705Schneekloth, H A, coin operated sc patentee, 2457Schneider (author), 435Schneiderman, Les, biography, 3515Schneiderman's, "Lloyd Scale"(article), 3513-3515Schnellwaage, 1246Schnellwaagenfabrik G M B H, 844-847

see also Tacho-Schnellwaagenfabrik G M B HSchoenly,Don, Biography, 3417Schoenly's

"A Conundrum: William Parnell's Improved Beam Scale" (article by Schoenly), 3414-3417

Newman repairing, letter, 1519Schoeps (author), 1954Scholars bal mkr, Oertling, L Ltd, 1826Schooling, James

apprentice of Read, Joseph, 1736apprentice of Read, Mercy, 1736coin sc mkr, 1736dates, 1736father of Schooling, James II, 1736master of Passer, James, 1736master of Townsend, John II, 1736

partner of Schooling, James II, 1736succeeded by Schooling & Son, 1736

Schooling, James IIpartner of Schooling, James, 1736son of Schooling, James, 1736

Schooling & Codates, 1736Schooling, James & Lawrence, John P & Everitt,

George, 1736successors of Schooling & Son, 1736

Schooling & Sondates, 1736succeeded by Schooling & Co, 1736successors of Schooling, James, 1736

Schopper, LouisGerman sc mkr, 80, 602, 753, 1174, 1692grain sc mkr, 80, 753paper sc mkr, 602, 1654, 1692, 1697-1698pendulum sc mkr, 80, 602, 753, 1174, 1697-1698

Schroder, Hermann, agent for Fairbanks, E & T, 724Schultze, Gustav F.W., 2459Schut, Ludwig, owner of Wagner & Co, 1921Schwandermann's More American Scales, letter, 1008Schwenksville, Pennsylvania, 3228Schwermann's Danish Grain Scale, letter, 825Schwilgué, Jean-Baptiste, 885-888

article by Haeberle, 885-888dates, 887decimal sc mkr, 721, 885-888inspector of W & M, 887partner of Rollé, Frederic, 721patentee, 888scientific instrument mkr, 887see also Rollé & Schwilgué

Science Museum, London, 2114-2115, 2244, 2248Science of weighing, 2143, 2146, 2216

history of, 2216revolutionized, 2143, 2146

"The Science of Weighing YesterdayPart 1" (article by Scheurer), 2143-2155, 2182Part 2" (article by Scheurer), 2173-2182Part 3" (article by Scheurer), 2211-2216

Scientific instrumentdefinition, 2267mkr

Abrahams, A & Co, 1821Accum, Frederick, 1821Adams, George II, 1821Anderton & Calley, 1508Arstall, George, 2003, 2013Aston & Manders Ltd, 1821Baird & Tatlock Glasgow, 1821Baird & Tatlock London, 1821Becker, Christopher, 1000Berge, Matthew, 1787Blattner, Jacob, 1976Bleuler, John, 1727Brander, G F, 604Braun-Knecht-Heimann, 1821Breithaupt, 1821Brown, James, 1304Bunge, Paul, 1821

Buss, Thomas Odempsey, 1727Cary, William, 1821Casartelli, Joseph, 1821Casella, L, 1821Casella, L P, 1821Collet, Freres, 1821Cooke, Troughton & Simms, 1791Corcoran, Bryan I, 1727Corless, 1787Cuff, John, 1850Dancer, J B, 1821Dell, William Rawbonn & Son, 1727Dicas, John, 2013Dicas, Mary, 2013Dicas & Arstall, 2014Dixey, Charles Wastell, 1727Dollond, George, 1821Dring & Fage, 1787, 1821Elliott, William & Sons, 1821Elliott Bros, 1821Field, John, 1787Fontaine, G, 1821Fraser, William, 1821Gallenkamp, A & Co, 1821Gamage, Benjamin, 2004Gardner, John, 1303-1311George, W & J, 1821Gniser, 51Graham, George, 1724Griffin, J J & Sons Ltd, 1821Griffin, John J & Co, 1821Griffin, John J & Sons, 1821Griffin, John Joseph, 1821Griffin, Richard & Co, 1821Griffiths, A, 1727Grubb, Thomas, 1800Gurley, W & L E, 1821Hanin, Guillaume Emmanuel, 1867Harris, P & Co (1913) Ltd, 1821Harris, Philip & Co, 1821Harris, Philip & Co Ltd, 1821Harrison, Charles, 1802Hicks, Joseph I, 1727Holtzapffel & Co, 1787How, James, 1821Jackson, Frederick & Co Ltd, 1821Jones, Thomas I, 1724Jones, William & Samuel, 1821Knight, George & Sons, 1415Knight, Richard & George, 1821Ladd, E W, 1787Ladd & Oertling, 2080Langley, W, 1727Loftus, William Robert, 1727Long, Joseph, 1727, 1787Lort, John, 1825Maiben, Joseph M & Co, 1821Martin, Benjamin, 1300, 1821Mason, Thomas, 1826McKenzie, Alexander, 1727Nairne, Edward, 1724Negretti & Zambra, 1822

Nemetz, Guiseppe, 1822Newman, John, 1822Oertling, Ludwig, 1724, 1822Paul, Robert W, 1822Pixii, N C, 1822Pixii, père & fils, 1822Potter, J D, 1787Pye, W G & Co, 1822Queen, James W & Co, 1822Queen & Co, 1822Ramsden, Jesse, 1724Reeves, W & Co, 1822Reynolds & Branson, 1822Reynolds & Branson Ltd, 1822Robinson, James, 1841Robinson, Thomas Charles, 1787, 1822Rowley, John, 1718, 1724Sanders, Thomas, 1787Schwilgué, Jean-Baptiste, 887Sikes, Bartholomew, 1787Simms, William, 1787Sisson, Jeremiah, 1853Snart, John II, 1730Snart, Neriah, 1730Spear, Richard, 1843Spencer, J & Son, 1843Spencer, John, 1843Spindler & Hoyer, 752Standley, Belcher & Mason, 1822Starke & Kammerer, 873Townson & Mercer, 1822Townson & Mercer Ltd, 1822Troughton, Edward, 1787Troughton & Simms, 1822Watkins & Hill, 1822Whitford, Samuel, 1732Wright, Alexander & Co, 1822Yeates & Son, 1822Zimmerman, A & M, 1822

retailerBrady & Martin, 1726, 1821Wooley, James Sons & Co, 1822Wooley, James Sons & Co Ltd, 1726, 1822

Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-1851, 1967-1968Scientific knowledge, 3147Scientific measurement, accuracy in, 2146Scientific theory, 3148Scoop

coal, 312confectioners, 130-131definition, 196, 229, 311flour, 1728gold, 149-150, 154-155hammered, 1578photographic, 1028powder, 284pressed, 1578splitting, 1578weighing, American, 487-491, 2922-2924

scoop scale, 3234scoop scales see weigh scoopScore, definition, 1992

Scott (author), 310Scott, M, patentee, 671Scottish

Assize of David, 2018, 2020coin sc, 2068-2073grain sc, 1309Mediaeval trading, 1987, 1990metrology, 1987-1988pound, 1990trade sc, 1443weighing in drops, 2068-2073yarn bal, 1309

Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltdpot plate, 1443trade sc mkr, 1443

Scottish Mint, 2071Scottish rider wts, dates, 564Scottish sc

mkrBaird & Tatlock, 1821Booth, G, 1720Brown, James, 1304Gardner, John, 1303-1311, 2070Griffin, Richard & Co, 1821Griffin & Tatlock Ltd, 479Hislop, 1198Lockhart, James?, 2068-2073Lumsden, Benjamin, 2070Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd, 1443White, J & Son, 1071

scrapwork base on scale, 3295, 3297, 3304, 3305Scratch-blue see beer measureScrew plate, 1513Screw removal, 1271Scruple, definition, 1297Scruple wts see weights, denominationSeal see verification markSealer

AmericanPascall, Thomas, 3223, 3225Plumly, George, 3223-3225

biography, 3224Stretch, Peter, 3224

biography, 3224Syng, Daniel, 3224-3225Taylor, Isaac, 3223Till, William, 3224

Sealer of measuresiron, 1139oath, 1137

Sealers see inspectorsSears, Roebuck & Co, scale retailers, 3243Sears, Roebuck & Co, see also catalogueSeated Liberty, half-dollar, 2063Seaton, James, partner of Hunt, William, 1730Seaxes, three (Middlesex), 1926Sebaste, Israel, 3201Second new tenor see new tenorSector spring bal see V spring balSee-Saw letter scale, 3337-3341

description of, 3337-3341letter plates on, 3338-3339

see also Bowman, Reginald MooreSeeger, Ann, Deputy Curator NMAH, 3115-3117Seers

C-spring mkr, 1875mancur mkr, 435

Seizure, London, 43Self-computing scale, 2213Self indicating sc, 711, 715, 845, 2213

computing, 890, 2213weight & price, 2213

counter, 2213drum-type, 2213fan-type, 2213

definition, 229, 311first, 692fraud, 1184mkr

Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 845-847Walker, A & Co Ltd, 709

over and under, 845shop, 709, 1791

Semi-automaticprice-computing, 974sc, butchers, 974

Semi-automatic sc, 2470Semi-micro bal

definition, 3mkr

Sartorius, 5Sartorius, Florenz, 5, 35, 37

see also Precision balSemi-roberval see half robervalSemi-self indicating sc, 711, 734

butchers, 715, 973definition, 311, 312fraud, 1184mkr

Automatic Scale Co, 715Avery, W & T, 973-974Berkel Auto Scale Co, 2159Brecknell, Chas W Ltd, 2159British Scale Co Ltd, 2159Day & Milward Ltd, 2159Elliott Bros (London) Ltd, 2159Ferrell, A S & Co, 2159Gardner & Sons, 2159Herbert & Sons Ltd, 2159Hobart Manufacturing Co Ltd, 2159Leicester Scale Co Ltd, 2159Mattocks Automatic Scales Ltd, 2159Recsi, of Liege, Belgium, 2159Rogers, P & Loach Ltd, 2159Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 845Siddons, J & J Ltd, 2159Vendome, Titford & Co Ltd, 2159Webb, W A Ltd, 2159

shop, 8, 715, 845Semi-self indicating scales, mkr listing, 2159Sensibility see sensitivitySensitivity

Class A, 1593Class B, 1593

Class C, 1593contemporary 1978, 9counter sc, 9, 714definition, 67, 312, 713intentional reduction, 719microbalances, 752steelyard, 67, 1424

Sensors & readout, 2211Sephere Testing Device, 3174

patent, 3174Sepphoris, Israel, 3201"Serendipity* Strikes Again"(article by Knights), 3436Serrin, V, inventor, 620Service des Poids et Mesure, June 26, 1906, 3481Sessler, Georg

dates, 431mancur mkr, 431

Sessler, J GC-spring mkr, 1864, 1875dates, 1876mancur mkr, 429-431, 1864

Set-square & compasses, C-spring mkr, 1875"Sets of Weights" (article by Crawforth), 731-735Setten & Durward

candlestick sc mkr, 3128half-roberval & spring bow-front, 623Matlock marble bases on, 3298, 3300-3303, 3305postal sc mkr, 250, 623, 1259, 1261, 3128, 3159, 3298,

3300-3303, 3305roberval Art Nouveau style, 125, 250, 3159roberval scale mkr, 3298, 3300-3303, 3305spring bal mkr, 623, 1259, 3128weights, 3159

brass capped, 3159iron, 3159

Setton & Durward see Setten & DurwardSetton & Durwood see Setten & DurwardSeverin see weights, denomination"Seville Scale & the Circulation of Coin Weights" (article

by Zavattoni), 2995-2997Sewell, coin sc mkr, 2540Sewell, George

apprentice of Read, Joseph, 1734, 2540apprentice of Sommers, Charles, 1734, 2540apprentice of Wornell, John, 1734, 2540coin sc mkr, 582dates, 1727master of Grove, Thomas, 1734master of Young, John I, 1734, 2540member of Skinners Co, 1727partner of Bate, Richard II, 1736, 2540partner of Young, John I, 1734, 2540sc mkr, 3088succeeded by Sewell & Young, 1734, 2540

Sewell & Youngcoin sc mkr, 1734, 2450dates, 1734Sewell, George & Young, John I, 1734, 2540succeeded by Young, John I, 1734, 2540successors of Sewell, George, 1734

Sextant mark (Sunderland), 1959Seymour, Charles F, American ccd mkr, 2063

SGDGdefinition, 3481on scales, 3481

S'Gravesande see GravesandeSh see weights, denomination, shillingShackle, definition, 284, 312Shackle end, definition, 172-173Shackle end beam, 73, 80Shadolite see National Poultry Equipment CoShaffer, George W, Sealer, 3115-3116Shagreen

definition, 312, 1394problems, 1394

Shagreen box see box, shagreenShagreen case earliest?, Phillips, Walter, 1818Shagreen cleaning, 1269Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, 2464"Shakespear's Wood" (article by Sharp), 1323-1326Shaler, Ruben, family sc patentee, 2647-2649Shaler's family sc, 2647-2649"Shaler's Spring Balance" (article by Berning), 2647-2649Shaman, Tony, biography, 3030Shaman's "Postal Scales for Collectors" (article), 3024-

3030Shannon, Gerry & John, biography, 2627Shannon, John & Geraldine (authors), 2497-2498, 2793Shannon, Shannon & Burchard's "Blowpipe-Set Balances"

(article), 2623-2627Sharkey, P H

dates, 1745patentee, 111, 312, 1745, 2315

Sharkey enddefinition, 172, 312see also beam end shapes

Sharkskin see ShagreenSharp, Thomas

biography, 2464-2466clock & watchmkr, 2466coin sc box, 2464-2465

carved by Cooper, 2466-2467coin sc description, 2464coin sc mkr, 1323-1326, 2464-2468coin sc owners, 2466gunsmith, 2466silversmith, 2466suceeded by Sharp, John, 2467

"Sharp Practice" (article by Bearman), 2464-2468Sharpe,Mike, biography, 3443Sharpe's, "More Interesting Scales in UK Agricultural

Museums" (article), 3442-3443Sharples, G

apothecary sc mkr, 802bullion bal mkr, 802of Preston, trade mark G S P in chain links, 802trade card, 802

Shaw, George Bernardbox of weights of, 2161-2162Houghton & Gunn retailer of, roberval postal sc, 2161-

2162pocket spring balance of, 2162postal scales of, 2160-2163Salter letter scale of, 2161

Salter parcel post balance of, 2162Samuel Turner Senior mkr of, roberval postal sc, 2161-

2162scales of, 2160-2163

"Shaw's Scales and Weights" (article by Weiss), 2160-2163Shears, 169

definition, 9, 313extra-long, 1749Justice, 1290repair, 9sight-hole, 91, 311, 473, 1395, 1452, 1497, 1510, 1581,

1586-1590, 1714-1715, 1749, 1784, 1831, 2338earliest English, 1784

Sheep sc, 148Sheet wts see weight, shapeShekel see weights, denomination, half-shekel; weights,

denomination, shekelSheldon, Frederick, steelyard mkr, 1027Sheldon, John

advert 1854, 1682coin sc mkr, 1723dates, 446, 1723escritoire with sc, 1682postal pens, 446, 1233, 1682, 1999postal sc mkr, 1682, 1723spring sc mkr, 1682steelyard mkr, 1027successor of Sheldon & Smith, 446

Sheldon & Smith, succeeded by Sheldon, John, 446Shelf edge sc

bismar, 1031, 1231, 1233coin, 268-269, 1233definition, 313letter, 236

Shelf-edge sc, mkr, Mordan, Sampson & Co, 237Shelf edge sc

moving load, 1032postal, 595, 650, 1032, 1231, 1233

Shell weigher, 543Shell weighing sc, mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543Shenston, James Templar

apprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1737coin sc mkr, 988dates, 1737partner of Gore, Thomas Hunsden, 1737pot wts mkr, 1450successor of Gore & Shenston, 1737successor of Payne & Ovendon, 1732

Sheppard (author), 1796Sheppard, Blue, miner, 2793Sheppard & Musham, index, 197Sheppard & Musham (authors), 12, 15, 87, 169, 178, 277,

360, 498, 675, 816, 881, 1041, 1478, 1607, 1794, 1796, 1846, 1848, 2072

Sheppard & Musham's Money Scales & Weights (review), 87, 186, 360

Sherman, Henrycoin sc mkr, 242, 246, 248, 1355dates, 1734-1735husband of Sherman, Sarah, 242, 1734master of Neale, Samuel, 248, 1734

Sherman, Sarah

dates, 1734widow of Sherman, Henry, 242, 1734

Sherman & Johnson see Johnson, ShermanShield mark (Lincoln), 1928Shield with pellets, mark on wts, 69Shilling see weights, denomination, shillingShilton, William, platform sc mkr, 725Shop sc

béranger, 289, 485, 530, 697, 784, 811, 2479-2488computing, 890decimal, 227, 722, 887equal arm pillar, 7, 137, 256, 559, 712, 769, 824even balance trip, 994fan, 229, 709, 715half roberval & spring, 180, 981inverted roberval, 131, 136, 257, 697, 731, 890, 1743medicine, 477micrometer steelyard, 360-361mkr

Allchin, Henry, 1733Angldile, 140AT Co., 2227-2230Automatic Scale Co, 715Avery, W & T, 731, 974, 1838Avery, W & T Ltd, 7, 289, 1839Bartlett, 824Bartlett, John & Son, 1732Becker & Sons, 477, 995Béranger & Cie, 784, 2479-2488Bourne, Thomas, 697Bourne & Smith, 132, 136, 419Buckelew & Waterman, 3110-3118Chatillon, 333-338, 447-452, 1556-1560, 1591-

1601Computing sc, Co, 216-217Cooperative Wholesale Society, 712Day & Millward, 711Day & Millward Ltd, 958Detroit Automatic Scale Co, 3034Dodge Mfg Co, 360-361Fairbanks & Co, 46, 78, 106, 109, 992, 994, 1839Hart, David & Co, 1734Herbert & Sons, 1723-1748Hoe, Robert, 1736Howe Scale Co, 529-530, 901Hunt, William & Co, 1730Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 1730Marlin, A, 758Newman, J, 1829Penn Scale Mfg Co, 647Perry, W G & Son, 559Quintenz, A, 722Salter, Geo & Co, 547Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 845-847, 889-892Simpson, R, 736Southwark Scale Co, 3125-3126Springer Torsion Balance Co, 671Steinfield & Blasberg, 529Stillwell, Edward & Sons (wrongly called Stillwell

Ed II), 1732Stimpson, W F Co, 3034Stimpson Computing Scale Co, 3034

Terazzi, Hisar, 446, 485Troemner, Henry, 811Walker, A & Co Ltd, 709Wedderburn, Frederick, 1730White, J & Son, 1071Young & Son, 800

nationalityAmerican, 46, 78, 106, 109, 140, 216-217, 333-

338, 360-361, 447-452, 477, 529-530, 647, 811, 901-904, 995, 1556-1560, 1591-1601, 1839

French, 647, 758, 784, 1525, 1569-1571, 2479-2488

German, 529, 722, 845-847, 889-892Japanese, 321Turkish, 446, 485

numbers in, 713optical projection, 889phanzeder sc, 284platform & steelyard, 736, 758retailers

Hetherington, R D D, 1447Pike & Ellerman, 1726Smith & Stevenson, 1447Stirling, Alexander, 1447

roberval, 46, 78, 136, 217, 530, 647, 709, 711, 769, 994, 1071, 2479-2488, 2515

with rotating string holder, 3125-3126with rotating wt tray, 3125-3126self indicating, 709, 890semi self indicating, 311, 715, 974spring, 447-452, 547, 549, 647steelyard, 320-321, 360-361torsion, 671trip, 647two beam steelyard, 217union, 1839-1840vibrating, 289, 290

Shop signangel & Kings arms, 207angel & sc, 247, 1382, 1783, 3017-3019angel & star, 207-208, 1382bird in ring, 247crown & sc, 1761, 1763, 1830-1832falcon & sc, 1782golden borole (ball), 207hammer & crown, 207, 1291, 1377hand & sc, 205, 207, 210, 215, 244, 676, 1391-1396,

1501, 3018-3019heart & sc, 210justice & sc, 207, 1581-1585, 1769, 1798, 2066, 3017,

3019King's Arms, 1381, 1801porrige pot, 1383-1384sun & sc, 1040, 1380three cocks, 208, 1383

Shop signs, prohibited in London, 1398Shorey, Ebenezer

apprentice of Bassingham, Robert, 1731dates, 1731related to Shorey, Ebenezer George?, 1731

Shorey, Ebenezer G, successor of Wiggington, James &

Thomas, 1735Shorey, Ebenezer George

dates, 1731related to Shorey, Ebenezer?, 1731related to Shorey, Henry Charles?, 1731related to Shorey, W?, 1731

Shorey, Henry Charlesdates, 1731related to Shorey, Ebenezer George?, 1731related to Shorey, W?, 1731

Shorey, Wdate, 1731related to Shorey, Ebenezer George?, 1731

Shorey W, related to Shorey, Henry Charles?, 1731Short see DeGrave, Short & FannerShort, Samuel R, partner of DeGrave, Edward Abraham &

Fanner, William, 1737Short, Samuel Robinson, 2263Short History of Weighing by Sanders (review), 87Short weight, banned, 2034Short wt, law, 1182"Show & Tell," 3172Showcase, 360, 408, 437, 479, 505, 529-530, 558-559, 647,

676, 753, 784, 811-813, 856-857, 896-897, 957-958, 979-981, 1039, 1071, 1101, 1123, 1462-1464, 1667-1687, 2037, 2056, 2163, 2390, 2444, 2559-2560, 2643-2644, 2815, 2872, 2899, 2922, 2951, 3012, 3019, 3091, 3124, 3150-3152, 3179, 3180, 3234, 3236, 3246, 3281, 3282, 3286, 3320, 3373-3375, 3404, 3447, 3487, 3516

Showcase of Scale Jewelry, 3516Shreiner, Isaac, hardware store owner, 2889Shropshire (Salop), 121Shuckburgh, George, scientist, 393Shunsho's Hundred Poems, print of do'tchin in use 1775, 59Shury, Richard

dates, 1738succeeded by Shury, Samuel III, 1738successor of Shury, Samuel II, 1738

Shury, Samuel Iapprentice of DeGrave, Charles I, 1738dates, 1738father of Shury, Samuel II, 1738master of Shury, Samuel II, 1738succeeded by Scheins, Samuel, 1738succeeded by Shury, Samuel II, 1738

Shury, Samuel IIapprentice of Shury, Samuel I, 1738dates, 1738son of Shury, Samuel I, 1738succeeded by Shury, Richard, 1738successor of Shury, Samuel I, 1738

Shury, Samuel IIIdates, 1738successor of Shury, Richard, 1738

Shuzui, steelyard mkr, 321, 325Siamese wts see weights, nationality, ThaiSiddons, 2438

wts, 545, 585Siddons, J & J

bread sc mkr, 1089shop sc, 1184

see also catalogueSiddons, Joseph & Jesse, pot plate, 1450Siddons, Joseph & Jesse Ltd

dates, 638pot plate, 1450trade sc mkr, 1450wts, 638

Side beam (U S A ) see Tare barSiebe

consulting with Deane, 3357-3358consulting with Edwards, 3357-3358dial spring balance, 3358diving helmet, 3357-3358features, 3356-3358ice making machine, 3358parcel balance, features, 3356-3358

Siebe, Augustus, 2451address next to Medhurst, George, 1886address next to Medhurst, T F & F, 1886biography, 3356-3358dates, 1886, 3356-3358elliptical spring mkr, 1886exhibited at 1851 Exhibition, 1886fishing sc mkr, 1726founded Siebe, Gormon & Co, 1888inventor, 1902, 3356-3358lyre spring bal mkr, 1888partner of Marriott, Henry, 1882, 3357patentee, 66, 1882, 1886-1887, 1902, 3356-3358person sc mkr, 1886spring bal mkr, 1466, 1886-1888, 2300, 3356-3358spring bal patentee, 66, 1466, 2300, 3356-3358

Siebe, Gormon & Co, founded by Siebe, Augustus, 1888, 3356, 3358

Siebe & Marriottelliptical spring sc mkr, 1861Siebe, Augustus & Marriott, Henry, 1882, 3357

"Siebe & Marriott" (article by Crawforth, D), 1882-1888"Siebe Parcel Balance," (article by Robinson), 3356-3358Siege money, 2401Sievers & Erdman Co see Comerford, Thomas FSight-hole

definition, 91, 193, 313indicator, 91, 549, 977, 1097, 1189shears, 1395, 1452, 1510

lantern, 1581, 2995-2997mkr, Watson, Robert, 1586, 1714round, 1583, 1714tear-drop, 1587

"Sight-hole Shears" (article by Crawforth, D), 1586-1590SIGILL COMIT VIGORN & 3 pears (Worcestershire),

1977Sigmund Freud, 3148Sikes, Bartholomew

hydrometer inventor, 2003hydrometer mkr, 2003scientific instrument mkr, 1787working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787

Silk, Edward & Codates, 638wts, 617, 638

Silk cleaning, 1270

Silk cords, 205, 206Silk sc

mkrSalter, 514Salter, Geo & Co, 518

spring, 518Siller wecht, 2071Silver braid balls, 205-206, 247Silver coins, 2401Silver half dollars, 754Silver prover, 1140Silver sc, postal, 1049, 1077, 1667-1668Silver Showcase (article), 1667-1687Silvester, J, patentee, 455-456, 515-516, 524-525, 549,

1253, 1262Silvester, Richard & Co

dates, 2made medallion for Hooper, H, 2

Silvester, Thomas, patentee, 515, 549Silvester & Co

bismar mkr, 1220postal sc mkr, 2, 19, 1220

Silvester's Patent see Salter, Geo & CoSimcock, Tony

author, 2172biography, 2172

Simcock's"Roman Steelyard?" (article), 1819"William Ball of Bister" (article), 2388-2390

Simcox, Pemberton & Sonsdate, 1519postal sc mkr, 1520S P & Sons, 1519steelyard mkr, 1520

Simcox & Pembertondates, 1520postal sc mkr, 1520postal steelyard, 1520S & P, 1519-1520steelyard mkr, 1520

Simmonds Precision, buyer of Becker's Sons, 2184Simmonds Precision N V

precision bal mkr, 844successors of Fijn-mechanische Industrie Becker's Sons

N V, 844Simmons, ccd mkr, 621Simms, William


Simnel bread, 1052Simon, Menno, 3220"Simple wts for Coins" (article by Crawforth), 166-167Simpson, , Mary, artist, 3072-3073Simpson (author), 2072Simpson, Allen, biography, 2110Simpson, Dr. Allan, 2444Simpson, Dr. Allen, biography, 2072Simpson, R

date, 736platform sc of Fairbanks design, 726trade card, 736weigh-bridge mkr, 736

Simpson, W Rbutchers sc mkr, 1842dates, 1842

Simpson & Connor's"Fourteenth-Century Wts Systems: A Response"

(article), 2107-2110"Weighing in the Early 14th Century, Part 1" (article),

1987-1998"Weighing in the Early 14th Century, Part 2" (article),

2015-2024Simpson's, "Coins weighed by the Drop" (article), 2068-

2072Sims, J G

Angldile plant manager, 2138Angldile sales agent, 2138

SindallEnglish paper scientist, 3077paper sc mkr, 1692, 3077

Single-lever machine, definition, 312-313Single-lever scoop sc, 976Sisson, Jeremiah

precision bal mkr, 1853scientific instrument mkr, 1853

Six ounce wt, 88, 142Size see inspectionSkinner (author), 808Skinner, George, apprentice of Williams, Edward, 1731Skinner, Henry

apprentice of Smith, Thomas, 1736partner of Webb ?, 1736

Skinner, Williamapprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 2066apprentice of Williams, Thomas I, 1732, 2066coin sc mkr, 1729dates, 1732steelyard mkr, 2066successor of Oxley, Henry, 1732, 2066trade card, 2066

Skinners' Coguild, 1389, 1395, 1727member Sommers, Joseph II, 1742

Slack see Bergman & SlackSleeper, A J, patentee, 3242Sleigh, George

apprentice of Sleigh, Richard I, 1742employed by Sleigh, Richard I?, 1742

Sleigh, Richard Iapprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729coin sc mkr, 242, 245dates, 1737employer of Sleigh, George?, 1742father of Sleigh, Richard II, 1737master of 8 apprentices, 1743master of Clark, Edward, 1739master of Sleigh, George, 1742

Sleigh, Richard IIlate freedom, 1742son of Sleigh, Richard I, 1737

Slidecoin, 235, 313definition, 311, 313

Sliding beam steelyard, definition, 314-315

Sliding poise, pendulum sc, 1650Sliding saddle, 236, 311Slight, A & G H

dynamometer mkr, 3150Edinburgh, Scotland, 3150

Slot gauge, 272-277steelyard, 1027

Slotosch, M, patentee, 298, 680Slotted wts

definition, 314see also Weight, shape

Slow, definition, 314"Slow Discovery" (article by Wilson), 2520-2524, 2586"Small World, Wasn't It?" (article by Katz), 2628Smallholder see Elt, George H LtdSmallman, J L, Irish sc mkr, 1842Smart, Richard

assay master of Cork, 1472-1473coin wts mkr, 1472-1473, 1771, 1842dates, 1842official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755, 1842R.S mark, 1473, 1771

Smeaton, Johnengineer & inventor, 1118Lunar Society associate, 1120

Smelt, Elizabethdates, 1739successor of Smelt, John, 1739widow of Smelt, John, 1739

Smelt, Johndates, 1739husband of Smelt, Elizabeth, 1739son of Smelt, Samuel, 1739succeeded by Smelt, Elizabeth, 1739

Smelt, Samuelapprentice of Harris, John, 1738apprentice of Wright, Edward (omitted in error), 1738dates, 1738employed by Neale, Henry (omitted in error), 1738father of Smelt, John, 1738-1739master of Jackson, John, 1739master of Prickett, James, 1738

Smethwick mark, 2031Smith, A

Mauchline-ware bismar, 427-428, 3186patentee, 427-428, 3186postal sc mkr, 427-428, 3186

Smith, Adam (author), 495, 1063Smith, Addison

apprentice of Anderton, Thomas, 3345apprentice of Watkins, Francis, 1, 3345biography, 3345coin scale maker, 3345-3347dates of, 3346-3347heir of Lucy, George, 3346-3347nephew of Anderton, Thomas, 3345partner of Watkins, 3346trade card of, 3345

described, 3346training under Pyefinch, Henry, 3345tubular steelyard of, described, 3346Warden of Spectaclemakers Co., 3346-3347

Smith, Ben, biography, 2208Smith, Captain John, 3212Smith, F H, patentee, 566Smith, G & Wells, J J

American patentee, 962ccd patentee, 962

Smith, Gideon B, patentee of ccd, 13, 787Smith, Harriet

successor of Smith, Thomas, 1736widow of Smith, Thomas, 1736

Smith, Josephapprentice of Vaughton, Christopher, 1737dates, 1737

Smith, T J, patent agent, 509Smith, T J & J, postal sc mkr, 482Smith, Thomas

apprentice of Pallett, Thomas I, 1736dates, 1736husband of Smith, Harriet, 1736master of Doyle, John, 1736master of Skinner, Henry, 1736succeeded by Smith, Harriet, 1736

Smith, W R, coin operated sc patentee, 2457Smith, William

apprentice of Williams, Thomas I, 1730dates, 1730grain sc mkr, 1730master of Knowles, Robert Arthur, 1733, 1741master of Peck, John, 1730, 1733master of Richardson, Jacob, 1733partner of Dutton, James, 1730succeeded by Dutton & Smith, 1733

Smith, William & Codates, 1733succeeded by Smith, William & Co Ltd, 1733successors of Dutton & Smith, 1733

Smith, William & Co Ltddate, 1733at same address as Allchin, Henry & Co, 1733same address as Gilbert John A & Co, 1733successors of Smith, William & Co, 1733

Smith, William Standishpatentee, 2139Smith Scale Co, 2139

Smith & Stevensonbutchers outfitters, 1447pot plate, 1447shop sc retailers, 1447trade sc retailer, 1447

Smith & Thompson, assay bal mkr, 2498Smith,Charles, biography, 3447Smith-Lever Act 1914, 3422Smith Scale Co

buyers of Angldile Computing Sc Co, 2139mkr of Exact Weight scales, 2139questions concerning, 2139

Smith's"Inventing the Moneyweight Scale" (article), 2232-

2238"Remarkable Moneyweight Scale" (article), 2199-2208"To be a First Timer"(article), 3446-3447

Smyth, David McConnell

biography, 3428-3431poems by, 3429-3430

Smyth,David M, 3426-3431patent, 3426-3427patentee, 3426-3431

Smythson, postal sc retailers, 938Snake & arrow trade mark, Krups, Robert, 1872Snake beam, postal sc, 345Snart, Charles

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729-1730coin sc mkr, 1729dates, 1730master of Price, Richard, 1730partner with Clarke?, 1730same address as Snart, John II, 1730

Snart, John Iapprentice of Hart, Joseph I, 248, 1735captain in the Militia, 1785coin sc mkr, 208, 210-212, 245, 248, 1069dates, 210, 1735grain sc mkr, 80master of Bate, Richard, 211master of Hart, Benjamin, 211master of Mantell, Samuel, 1736master of Overing, Thomas, 211master of Picard, John, 210, 1735Standard W & M, 1718, 1720succeeded by Oven, Henry, 1736trade card, 210

Snart, John IIdates, 1730same address as Snart, Charles, 1730scientific instrument mkr, 1730succeeded by Snart, Neriah, 1730

Snart, Neriahdate, 1730scientific instrument mkr, 1730took over from Snart, John II, 1730

Snart & Clarkedate, 1730sc mkr, 1730

Snell, S, patentee, 567-568Snow, J H, weigh scoop patentee, 492Snow, Thomas, steelyard mkr, 1378Snowhill, 1745Societa Cooperativa Bilanciai della Campogalliano, Italian

sc mkr, 2027Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mecanique

French sc mkr, 888platform sc mkr, 888successors of Strasburg-Grafenstadt Engine Co, 888

Société Anonyme Française des Appareils Automatiques, 2435

Société Métrique de France, 424Society of Apothecaries, London, 3437Soho foundry, 118Sol,André, biography, 3189Solder, definition, 2525Solder-computing scale, 2549Solder test scale, 2525-2529, 2549, 2550

cabinet for, 2549case for, 2525-2528

dates, 2525-2527Kolbusch, Herman

distributor, 2528distributor for Fairbanks, 2550

mkrAvery, W & T, 2549Butterworth, 2549Fairbanks, 2525, 2550Troemner, 2525-2527Tutbury, 2549

new prices for, 2525-2529, 2550Richards, J, distributor for, 2528Sargent, E N, distributor for, 2527, 2529use of, 2525-2529

Soldering, 1674Solotnik wts see Weights, denominationSol's

"A Letter Scale of B Holsboer" (article), 3287-3290"Collecting Letter Scales, How I Got Started" (article),

3189"Letter Scales Marked OEST.P. 1766" (article), 3190-

3195"The Dating of a Particular Salter Letter Scale",

(article), 3367-3368Somerset mark, 1956Somersetshire Coal Canal, 2415Sommers see England, Parker & SommersSommers, Charles

apprentice of Sommers, Joseph I, 1389assay sc mkr, 1392C S mark on wts, 499coin sc mkr, 215, 499-502, 1388-1399, 2540dates, 1735diamond sc mkr, 1392father of Sommers, Joseph II, 1735master of Sewell, George, 1734, 2540master of Sommers, Joseph II, 215partner in Sommers & Gibson, 215partner in Sommers & Son, 215partner of Gibson, Elizabeth, 215receiver of City Customs, 1398shops, 1391son of Sommers, Joseph I, 1389steelyard mkr, 215, 1393succeeded by Sommers & Gibson, 1735successor of Gibson & Sommers, 215successor of Sommers, Joseph I, 1735trade card, 215, 1392-1398wt mkr, 215, 503, 1393

Sommers, Charles II, coin sc mkr, 1388-1399Sommers, Joseph I

alias Sommers I, 1388apprentice of Picard, John, 212, 1388dates, 1735father of Sommers, Charles I, 1389I S mark, 1390master of 5 apprentices at once, 1729master of Poussett, Philip, 211, 1389master of Sommers, Charles I, 1389, 1735succeeded by Sommers, Charles, 1735

Sommers, Joseph IIapprentice of Sommers, Charles I, 215

coin sc mkr, 215, 1388-1399dates, 1735member of Skinners' Co, 1742partner in Sommers & Son, 215partner in Sommers & Stanley, 215partner of Stanley, Nathaniel, 1735succeeded by Sommers & Stanley, 215, 1735wanted by Blacksmith's Co, 1742

Sommers, Samuel, coin sc mkr, 1388Sommers & Gibson

dates, 1735Sommers, Charles & Gibson, Elizabeth, 1735succeeded by Sommers, Charles, 215, 1735successors of Gibson, Elizabeth, 215successors of Sommers, Charles, 1735

Sommers & Sonassay sc mkr, 1396coin sc mkr, 215, 1396dates, 1735diamond sc mkr, 1396inspectors sc mkr, 1397Sommers, Charles & Sommers, Joseph II, 1735steelyard mkr, 1396succeeded by Sommers & Stanley, 1735successors of Sommers & Gibson, 1735wts mkr, 1396

Sommers & Stanleycoin sc mkr, 215, 1399dates, 1735Sommers, Joseph II & Stanley, Nathaniel, 1735succeeded by Stanley, Nathaniel, 1735successors of Sommers, Joseph, 215, 1735

Sommers I see Sommers, Joseph I"Sommers Scalemakers" (article by Crawforth, D), 1388-

1399Soo Locks, 3240Sorel, Agnes, 2621Sorting machines mkr

Bernstein, Aaron David, 1947-1955Cotton, William, 103, 1962-1963Reitze, 1171-1177

Sorting Office, 1228Edinburgh, 1228London, 1228

Soslau (authors), 2083South African W & M, 439-444South Shields mark, 1960Southall & Smith, succeeded by Driver, Southall Ltd, 1734Southerton see Davis & SouthertonSouthwark Scale Co, 3125-3126Souverin d'or see weights, denominationSovereign

checking, 103, 114, 1125coin introduced, 915, 1125see also weights, denomination, sovereign

Sovereign ccd mkrAvery, W & T, 717, 1180B C, 2332Bourn, 272, 2332, 3493-3498C & S, 2332Cattle, Bennett, 272-273, 2332Davis, G, patentee, 269, 274

Greaves, E, 235-237Greaves, John & Son, 238Harris & Co, 274, 1034Harrison, 287, 365, 446, 1034Helliwell, 621Hulston & Lucas, 2332Hyams, H, 2332, 3491-3498Midgley & Co, 2332Mordan, S & Co, 27, 947, 949Norton, W W & Co, 2332Palk & Norton, 2332Pickett, 2332Poncia, P, 2332, 2777Simmons, 621T S, 2332Winfield, R W, 12, 235

Sovereign ccds, 12, 235, 287, 356, 2332, 2777, 3491-3498Sovereign rocker, 3491-3498"Sovereign Rocker Makers" (article), 2332Sovereign sc

equal arm, 263folding bal, 200, 1028mass stabilised pan, 233-234mkr

Cooke, 199Heeley, James & Sons, 1039Henry, Solomon, 263, 271Sheldon, John, 1027Shenstone, J T, 988Winfield, R W, 233see also ccd mkr; folding gold bal, mkr

pendulum, 199steelyard, 1028, 1039

Sovereign sorting see sorting machineSowrey's, "Cleaning: A Dealer's Viewpoint" (article), 3283-

3284Soyer, Alexis, chef & author, 769Spafford, W C, Scale Co., pocket book, 3327Spanish Armada, 3211Spanish box end


Spanish coinage, 307, 1605pesetas, 307

Spanish colonial coinage, peso, 307Spanish fish wts, 981Spanish hydrostatic weighing (1604), 362Spanish nesting wts, 251"Spanish Patent 1860" (article by Berastegui), 307Spanish patentee see patentee, SpanishSpanish Peak Mining Co, 1216Spanish sc

ccd, 307chick pea, 420-421coin, 1605mkr

Castell, 421J G I, 421Rosal, Tomas, 1605Treff, 307

Spanish wool merchants, 2021Spanish wts made in England, 1818

Sparks, Treharne & Coapothecary sc retailer, 802trade card, 802

Spaulding & Co, spring bal mkr, 1671Spear, coin wts mkr, 1843Spear, Richard

coin wts mkr, 1843dates, 1843grain sc mkr, 1843scientific instrument mkr, 1843

Speciality Mfg Co, 340, 382-383, 415, 3330-3334Acme trade name, 382, 3330-3334American sc mkr, 340, 383, 410, 415, 1282, 1315,

3330-3334current officers of, 3330dates, 3330egg sc mkr, 340, 383, 410, 415, 1282, 1315, 3330-3334history, 3330-3334locations of, 3330products of, 3330Unique trade name, 414

Specific gravity, value scale for US coins, 2776Specific gravity bal, 756, 1719, 2304, 2578, 2729-2730,

2731-2735, 2775-2777definition, 314mkr

Griffin, J J & Sons, 757Ohaus Scale Corp, 2775

retailer, Boro Laboratories & Appliances Co Ltd, 755Spectaclemakers Co Guild, 1724Speedie see SpeedySpeedie Egg sc see James Mfg CoSpeedy egg scale, 3317Speer, Richard see Spear, RichardSpeight (author), 1961Spelter, postal scale, 2511Spencer, J & Son

precision bal retailer, 1843retailer of Ladd & Oertling bal, 1843scientific instrument mkr, 1843successor of Spencer, John, 1843

Spencer, Johndates, 1843scientific instrument mkr, 1843succeeded by Spencer, J & Son, 1843wts retailer, 1843

Spere, Richard see Spear, RichardSpeter, M (author), 564Sphinx, foot, 1289Spice pound, 1994, 2019Spice sc, 234

mkrFairbanks, 1805Fairbanks & Co, 1805

Spice weighing, mediaeval trading practices, 1987, 1994, 2017, 2019, 2023

Spicers' Guild Co, 1994see also Grocers' Co

Spider, definition, 227, 229, 314Spiegler, O, theorist, 578-579Spillers & Nephews, manufacturer of Homepride scale,

3376

Spindler & Hoyerdates, 752precision bal mkr, 750-753scientific instrument mkr, 752

Spinks see Clarke & SpinksSpink's auctions, 1795Spirit level, 1257, 2131-2140, 3381Split rings banned, 614Sportsman bal, spring, 545, 554Sportsman bal mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 545Sportsman sc, mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 545Sprague, Carlton W., 2501Sprague, Nathan T Jr, 2756

owner of Brandon Mfg Co., 2756Spratts Patent Ltd, egg sc, 381-382Spring

c-spring, 1863-1876compensated, 1466damper, 1599distortion, 1466elliptical, 1465, 1861, 1884-1885external, 1630-1631, 2000fatigue, 1467flexure, 1651, 1902-1910, 1915-1916, 1933-1935,

1964-1966, 1984-1986, 3354friction, 1467helical, 3354-3355identifying half-roberval & spring linkage, 1908leaf-spring see flexurelyre, 1466, 1888mancur, 1863-1876, 3354multiple elliptical, 1884pan-sized helical, 1630-1631paper sc, 1692, 1704postal sc, 2058, 2825quadrant, 3354slide & dial, 1560spiral, 1405tapering helical, 1375temperature compensation, 1887V-spring, 1863, 3354

Spring adjustment, torsion bal, 997Spring bal

advantages, 1598animal, 1883animal feed, 1039baby, 333, 335, 338, 516, 526, 1600bank, 518, 526, 528beehive, 1669-1670bicycle, 518bifurcated pointer, 2829-2830bow front, 513, 546, 551, 623, 922, 1259, 1407, 1671-

1674, 2556-2560bread, 523butcher, 1883, 1903butter, 526C-spring, 258, 260, 429-435, 1863-1867, 1871-1876,

1986, 2826-2828C-spring with rack & pinion, 1868, 1870, 2828C-spring with rocking plate, 1869cadran annulaire, 1866calabrations

ounces, 3179tolas, 3179

candlestick, 11, 224, 361, 401-408, 623, 686, 839, 1073, 1223, 1287, 1375, 1535, 1558, 1669, 1976, 2340, 2414, 2828, 3026, 3030, 3097-3109

circular, 515, 521, 525, 544, 2088-2089, 3179cloth, 1168coil, 1405coin counting see bankcoin freed, 549compression, 11, 78, 224, 401-408, 513, 521, 623,

2826, 3097-3109, 3354-3355definition, 194-195

computing, 2831counter, 1039, 1439, 1557, 1600, 2831crane, 516, 549, 1906, 2829D L H see demi-luneD L O see mancurD-spring, 1867dairy, 526, 544definition, 314demi-lune hexagonal, 1865, 1871-1872dial & slide, 2831dial & slot, 521dial face, 78, 513, 516-517, 549, 1073, 1093, 1248-

1249, 1465, 1866diet, 525-526, 1250disc, 2829double cased flexure springs, 2826, 2829dynamometer, 224-225, 2832, 3150, 3499-3504earliest English?, 1384East Lake style, 1600egg, 381, 383, 417, 524-526, 543, 552, 922, 1283,

1601, 2825elliptical, 1465, 1861, 1869, 1882, 2829equivalent, 524, 526error permitted, 67, 2826external parallel bars, 1039, 1601family, 517, 1439, 1595, 1630-1631, 2073, 2647-2649,

3354-3355fan, 549feed, 1039fish, 451, 2825-2826, 2828flat face, 316, 515, 517, 521, 523, 551, 1093flat spring see flexureflexure, 213, 231, 472, 517, 549, 1401, 1651, 1861-

1916, 1931-1935, 1984-1986, 2826-2828, 3354fraud, 1184friction, 1600-1601German crab, 1863glass, 1168GPO, 552, 1123grain, 518, 524-525, 1451grain sc, 518, 524, 1451gun trigger trip indicator, 2832half roberval, 133, 312, 383, 1439, 1600

identifying, 1908half roberval & spring, 515, 527-528, 1093, 1669-1675,

1679, 2830hay fork, 666-667helical, 2826-2827, 3354-3355

history, 2826-2827, 3354-3355horn, 190household, 1630hunters, 1864ice, 1595-1597inventor, Thorp & Tasker, 1168kettle, 775kitchen, 355, 505, 517-518, 526, 528, 551, 676, 753,

765, 770, 774, 877, 958, 981, 1248-1250, 1439, 1466, 1883, 1945, 1964, 1985-1986, 2073

ladle, 1945, 1965-1966leather inspection, 1596letter, 2825-2828levered or rack & pinion pointer, 2829-2830Liberty, 981luggage, 2825-2826mancur see C-springmancur with round spring, 1874milk, 88, 223-224, 543-544, 1039, 1595, 1599milk see dairy scmirror, 549mkr

Abbey Manu Co, 545Alderman, T W & Co, 40Alexanderwerk, 2832Avery, 3503B, 1874B D, 1874Belmont, 554Besnard, 1874Blombach, C, 1874Boe-Paupier, à Paris, 1874Böelle, à St Christoph, 1865, 1874Böelle, M, 432, 433, 435, 1874, 2826Böelle & Breard, 1874Boker, H, 435Boker, Henry, 435, 1874Boker, Henry & Co, 435, 1874Boucher, J B, 1874Braby, Thomas, 1903, 1915-1916Bremner see Morton & BremnerBriais, Narcissé, 1373, 1404, 1535Bureau des Ecorces, 1874C G, 1874C L B, 1874C M P, 1874Carlton, 554Casartelli, 1168Chatillon, John & Sons, 88, 333-338, 417, 447-452,

1249-1250, 1555-1560, 1591-1601, 1705, 2649, 3501, 3503

Chemin, 1867Chemin à Paris, 1867Cheville père, 1875Computing Scale Co., 2831Crescent see PelouzeCriterion see Setten & DurwardCumberland, Duke of, 2826D B, 1874D M, 1875D P, 1875Dairyman's Supply Co, 223-224, 2489-2492, 2830

Dakin Manufacturing Co, 1933-1934Davis, John, 1508Delalande, 1875Devey, John, 1508Dubois, Jacques, 1875Duchess see PelouzeDumaine, 1875Dumaine, P, 432, 435, 1875, 2827Dupont, J au Fresne, 1875E H, 1875E L B, 1986E L S, 1875E W, 1258Elt, Geo Ltd, 383Exact Weight Scale Co, 704F D, 1875F D P, 1875F F, 1875F H, 1875Fairbanks & Co, 78, 86, 107fish/dolphin (Kind & Cie), 1876Fleuri, 1875Fleuri, à Pont Degrene, 1875Fleuri, G, 1875Fleuri, M, 1875Fleury, 1875Fleury, Frères, 1875flower, 1876Forschner, 1555Forschner & Sons Inc, 1039Foster, 1555Frary, 1555Gifford Wood Co., 2221Gorham, 1049, 1669, 1675Grund, P, 1875H & M, 435, 1875H S, 1875Hamon, F, 1875Hamon, H, 1875Hamon, I?, 1875Hamon, P ainé, 1875Hamon, Paul, 1875Hamon, Pierre, 1875Hanin, 1073, 1867, 1875, 3151Hanin, à Paris, 1875Hanin, à St Romaine, 1875Hanin, ainé, 1875Hanin, fils, 1867, 1875Hanin, fils à Paris, 1875Hanin, fils à St Romaine, 1875, 2826, 2828Hanin, le père, 1875Harper, John & Co Ltd, 1964Hartley, 773Herbert & Sons, 1748Herbertz, P, 1871, 1875Hilger & Sons, 435, 1875Hoppe, 1555I crowned, 1875I G. V P, 1875I L, 1875I L T M, 1875Imhoff & Lang, 1875

J B crowned, 1875J B G, 1875J M R, 1875Jarres, R, 1875Jung, C, 435, 1875K & M, 1875Kalthoff, P, 1875Kind & Cie, 1876Klein, I, 1875Kleuser, W, 435, 1875Krups, Robert, 505, 1875L & S, 1669L B, 1875L B & flower, 1875Labiche, à Sourdeval, 1875Landers, 1555Landers, Frary & Clark, 676Lansen, 1875Le Termelier, Andre, 1875Le Termelier A G T E, 1875LeBoucher, 1865, 1875LeBoucher, Eugene, 1875LeBoucher, Jnr, 1875LeBoucher, Manuel, 1875Leboucher, W, 435LeBoucher & crescent, 1875Lebreton, Eugene, 1875Lebreton, Fils ainé à Sourdeval, 1875Lemercier, 1875Letermelier, 1873Leuser, W H, 1986Lisicaux, 1875Lockhaus & Gunther, 435, 1875Lowe, Thomas, 1508Lowe, Thomas II, 1508Luginbuhl, Ulrich, 1867, 1875M B, 1875M F, 1875M F G, 1875M F I, 1875M M & S see MyersM S G, 1875Mari I crowned, 1875Marriott, Henry, 66, 1465-1466, 1725, 1876, 1882,

2829, 3356-3358Marriott, William Adolphus, 1885Marriott & Crowe, 1885Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1630-1631, 1651, 1933MG C, 1875Miquelard & Avranches, 1875Mordan, Sampson & Co, 947, 1233, 1684Morton & Bremner, 1555, 2649Myers, M & Son, 383O L B, 1875P F, 1875P Q R, 1875Parker, CC & S B, 509-510Paupier, L, 1873Peck, Stow & Wilcox, 1555Pelouze, 623, 1259, 1555, 1671-1673, 2000Perfas, 647Pooley, Henry & Son, 1885

Querue, 1875R C, 1875R S, 435, 1875R V, 1875Ratcliff, Joseph & Edmund, 403-407, 686, 1223,

3102-3103, 3106-3108Reform, 1875Régnier, à Paris, 1875Régnier, à Samur, 1875Renaut, N, 1875Riviere, 1875Rooke, W I E, 408, 1223S & D see Setten & DurwardSalter, G, 513, 515-529, 543-554Salter, Geo & Co, 286-288, 383, 417, 431, 434,

438, 456, 470, 703, 765, 922, 1123, 1259, 1555, 1598, 1692, 1873-1875, 2073, 2826, 2831, 3355, 3499-3500, 3502-3503

Salter, George I, 1508Salter, R, 515, 3354Salter, William, 515, 1508Salter-Abbey, 545, 554Salter Industrial Measurements Ltd, 1438Samon, 1875Sargent & Co, 1555Schmidt, Peter Ludwig, 31, 434-435, 1875Seers, 435, 1875Sessler, J G, 429-431, 1864, 1875set-square & compasses, 1875Setten & Durward, 623, 1259Shaler, Ruben, 2647-2649, 2827Sheldon, John, 946, 1682Siebe, Augustus, 1466, 1886-1888, 3356-3358Siebe & Marriott, 1861, 2829, 3356-3358Spaulding & Co, 1671Squyer, Oscar C, 1905Starratt & Masters, 666Steinfield & Blasberg, 529Stow see Peck, Stow & WilcoxTaylor, John, 1508Termelier, Andrè, 1875Terraillon, 1965, 1985-1986Tesche, C W, 1875Tesche, W W, 1875Testut, 434Testut, Charles et Fils à Paris, 1876Tribo, 1876Triner, 479Triner, J M, 651, 1248Turnbull, 877, 2649Ubrig, E & Co, 1438, 2832Ubrig, Emil, 517, 623, 958, 1438Ubrig's Waagen-fabrik Gebr Ubrig, 1438Venot, 1876Wegermuff, 1876Western Scale Works, 1039Wharton, T & Sons, 401, 3102, 3108-3109Wiedeman, 431, 1864Wilcox, 1555Wilcox see Peck, Stow & WilcoxWilcox Silver Plate Co, 1679Wilkes, 1555

Winfield, R W, 11, 403-408, 1073, 1223, 1976, 3099-3107, 3109

multiple elliptical, 1884-1885multiple springs, 2829multiple units on dial, 1866neo-gothic, 1560paper, 1692, 1705parcel, 897, 1123, 1258, 1452, 1594, 1907, 2073patent, 515-517, 549, 623patentee

Bache, E W, 549Beckwith, 2832Blackhart, J W, 668Braby, 2826Briais, Narcissé, 1373, 1375-1376, 1404, 1535Bull, J H & R K, 2826-2827, 2830, 2832Burrows, P F M, 650Chandler, E C, 671Clay, A B, 671Cox, 2827Dupas, 1401Everitt, P, 549Falardo, P, 2832Felix, L, 671Foley, J S, 549Gilfillan, 1259, 1671Gorham, 1669-1670Hall, R F, 549Heaney, D, 671Herbert, G, 549Hughes, J, 516, 521Hughes, J R, 549Jennfeldt, W, 1630-1631Laurence, 2825Marston, N B, 671Moore, 2832O'Neil, J K, 667Pauly, 2826Pelouze, 1671-1673Pieper, C, 517Salter, G Jnr, 515, 549Salter, T B, 549Salters, 515, 549, 2826Scott, M, 671Shaler, 2826-2827Siebe, A, 66, 1466, 2829Silvester, J, 515Silvester, T, 515Snyder, 2831Stevens, F M, 671Stewart, G A, 671Stewart, J B, 667Triner, J M, 651Turnbull, 877, 2832Ubrig, E, 517, 2828-2829Webster, J, 549Wyatt, F, 549

pen, 552, 650, 1682person, 333-338, 450, 516, 518, 526, 547, 549, 554,

925, 1439, 1984pig, 978platform, 450, 516, 549, 925, 1439

with dial, 2831parcel, 1439with temperature compensation, 2831

platform sc, 925parcel, 1439

pocket steelyard, 515, 520-521postal, 11, 40, 78, 231, 402-408, 425, 437, 456, 479,

509-510, 513-528, 538, 551, 650-651, 676, 686, 703-704, 839, 896, 947, 981, 1073, 1223, 1259, 1373, 1404-1407, 1594, 1669-1675, 1679, 1682, 1684, 1933, 1935, 2828, 3097-3109

potato measuring, 1599poultry, 288pressure indicator, 2832prices, 1542quadrant, 286, 288, 515, 519, 525, 622rain gauge, 524registered design, 1258, 3099retailer

Allied Development Corp, 1933-1934, 1944Army & Navy Stores, 1673Avery, W & T, 523Cohn, E, 1439Krups, 1439Liberty, 981Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1630Purina, 1039Steinfeldt & Blasberg, 1439Ubrig, E & Co, 1438-1440Vickery, C, 1407

roberval, 974sack, 1883sc & stamp-box, 1682with second pointer, 2832set-square & compasses, 1875ships pulley, 1674shop, 647silk, 518silver bow-front, 1407, 1671-1674slide & dial, 1597-1598spoon, 774sportsmans, 1596straight faced, 315tandem lg & sm springs, 2832tared, 1557, 1673, 2831-2832tension, 40, 78, 88, 258, 315, 472, 513, 515, 521, 1873,

3499-3504tension tester, 3499-3504top pan, 455-456, 513-517, 525, 528, 549, 551, 651,

753, 981, 1261, 1404, 1466, 1889, 1908, 2073trade, 447-452, 518-528, 549, 1039, 1465, 1861-1888,

1902, 1904, 1906, 2000trigger pull gauge, 3499-3500tubular, 515, 521, 524, 527, 545, 549, 1888, 3354-3355V, 469, 494, 1863, 2826, 2828wagon (for use on), 1596warehouse, 1883wire tension indicator, 2832wooden, 896, 1375, 1535yarn, 1168, 2832

Spring bal, 2825-2832

Spring bal (article), 333-338, 3354-3355, 3499-3504Spring ccd, Smith, G & Wells J J, 962Spring-loaded lever relieving mechanism, 1026Spring nib, 236"Spring Song," (article by Knights,John), 3354-3355Springer, Dr Alfred, 997, 2610Springer, Dr Alfred & Roeder, Prof Frederick A, inventor

of torsion bal principle, 2052, 2610Springer, Johann Caspar

coin sc mkr, 31, 63-64dates, 63

Springer Torsion Balance Cocounter sc, 671dates, 998druggists sc, 671laboratory sc, 671Old Advert, 671, 999succeeded by Torsion Balance Co, 997successors of United States Torsion Balance & Scale

Co, 997tea-sampling sc, 1001trade card, 999wts, 671see also catalogue

"Springs" (article by Crawforth), 1465-1467Spur-ryal see weights, denomination, spur-ryalSquare coin wts, banned in England, 1010Square wts see weight, shapeSquyer, Oscar C

patentee, 1905spring bal mkr, 1905trade sc mkr, 1905

Sri Lanka, 2311, 2792chemical sc in, 2317counter beam sc in, 2312-2313equal-arm beam sc in, 2312-2313gem sc in, 2313, 2315-2318history, 2318-2319market in, 2311-2312roberval sc in, 2316rulers, 2319

St Albans mark, 1929St Anne's Lane, 1745St Eligius, 3453-3454"St Eligius in his Goldsmith Shop"(article by Biber), 3453-

3454St George

coin sc mkr see George, Stweight mkr, 789

St Helens, 1957St. John's Bread, 2447St Johnsbury, VT, 2283, 2326-2329, 2804-2807St Martins Le Grand, 1745St Marylebone mark, 1928, 1960, 1977St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal Co., 3239-3240

organized by Fairbanks, 3239-3240St Michael, 1609

mark on wts, 21, 1331St P M (St. Pancras), 1928St Pancras mark, 1928, 1960, 1977Stabilized pan sc, 128Stabilized pan sc see roberval sc

Stacking wtsdefinition, 314see also weight, shape, flat

Staffordshire knot, 121, 1259Staffordshire mark, 1981Staffordshire measure see beer measureStag under tree mark (Berkshire), 1956Stainless-steel cleaning, 1239Stalen Zakunsters (mancur), 1863Stamp, James, coin sc retailer, 282Stamp-box & postal sc, 821, 1295, 1682

spring bal, 1682Stamper of money wts, Hill, James, 1127Stamper of wts at Mint

mark, 498Whitehurst, 1081

Stamping charges, 1126"Stamping Coin-Weights" (article by Mahoney), 1470Stamping plug, definition, 9, 23, 84, 91, 315Stamping station, definition, 1341Stamps

depicting scales, 2219depicting weights, 2219forged, 43see also Verification marks

Stamps on scale, 562, 580Stamps on weights, 3509-3510Stand sc, definition, 315Stand scale, 2334-2336

Avery, 2334-2336classes of, 2336copper pans for, 2335lead plug on, 2335uses for, 2336versions made, 2335

definition, 315Standard, atomic mass, 2219Standard bell weight, 3319, 3508-3512Standard bullion balance, 3037-3039Standard Bushel, 2247Standard Computing Scale Co, 3244, 3252-3255, 3260

advertisement, 3254bought by Berkel, 3255brands, 3254Bucher, Joseph M, 3253Byron, Charles, 3253Court case, 3255dates, 3252-3255history, 3252-3255making coffee mills, 3254making meat choppers, 3254making person scales, 3260marketed in Australia, 3253marketed in Canada, 3253marketed in New Zealand, 3253marketed in South Africa, 3253MI sc mkr, 3034organized by Osborn, Francis Conrad, 3252patents held by, 3252renamed, 3255Renton, George E, 3253

Standard Computing Scale Co of MI see Standard

Computing Scale CoStandard dry measures, 3319Standard egg sc see Petaluma Electric Incubator CoStandard Egg Scales, egg sc retailer, 1279Standard liquid measures, 3319Standard of weights, accurate, 2216Standard Pound, 2251, 3507Standard Scale & Supply Co, 3254Standard test wts, 108, 118-119, 1490Standard Troy Pound, 390Standard W & M mkr

DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1720Snart, John, 1718, 1720

Standard weightdefinition, 315oldest, 2143systems, 2148, 2173-2174

Standard weights, 3038-3039, 3319Standard weights mkr

Bate, R B, 1786Cuthbert & Paris, 1765Dearborn, Benjamin, 3038-3039DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1720Freeman, Samuel III, 1491Graham, George, 1724Read, Samuel, 1491Snart, John, 1718, 1720

Standard Yard, 2251Standardization of carat weights, 2622Standards, 3509

for America, 1490establishment, 102, 390, 614-616, 828, 1074Imperial, 616, 3509Japanese, 326Local, 90, 297, 1924Nürnberg, 437Parliamentary, 812scales for, 91, 1189, 1196, 1211-1212, 3037-3039set of 1870, 813State of Lombardo-Veneto, 2361for W & M, 17, 20, 90, 1924Working, 90, 297wts for apothecary 1879, 832wts for coin 1774, 965

Standards Commission, 2248Appendix VI to the Fifth Report (1869), 2080, 2248Minutes of Proceedings (1869), 2248

Standards DepartmentBoard of Trade, 1128Philadelphia, 1470, 1491on coin wts, 1125

Standards of volume, 3148calibration of, 3148

Standards Officer, American, 1470Standards sc

mkrDearborn, Benjamin, 1189, 1211-1212, 3037-3039Herbert & Sons, 1196Plympton, H, 1211, 3037-3039

Standley, Belcher & Mason, 281precision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822

see also catalogueStanley, Nathaniel

apprentice of Reynolds, Joseph, 1735coin sc mkr, 1399master of Bather, George, 1738master of Layton, William Thomas, 1735successors of Sommers & Stanley, 1735see also Sommers & Stanley

Stansfield, Office Keeper of Standards Dept, 2079Stanton

analytical bal mkr, 5long beam design, 5

Stanway, Thomasapprentice of Webb, Richard William, 1733at same address as Webb, Richard William, 1733

Staplesassay balance, 2152-2155assay scale

end-planes, 2152mkr, 2152profiled centre agates, 2152twin fully adjustable cones, 2152

Stapleton (author), 1998, 2024Stapleton, Walter, distributor of W & M, 1891Star crowned see Béranger, Joseph; Béranger & CieStarke, Gustav, brother-in-law of Kammerer, Carl, 873Starke & Kammerer

dates, 873microscope, 872partners Starke, Gustav & Kammerer, Carl, 873precision bal mkr, 872scientific instrument mkr, 873substitution bal mkr, 872Viennese bal mkr, 2593

Starr see Black, Starr & FrostStarratt & Masters

dates, 666hay fork mkr, 666

State Agricultural SocietyIllinois, 3456Wisconsin, 3456

State Agricultural Society FairMinnesota, 3456Ohio, 3456Wisconsin, 3456

Statera, 1246Static Enigma, 1639-1642Stationary Office, 703Statute 1773, instruction to deface worn coin, 496Staub, Emil

yarn bal inventor, 1073, 1103, 1134yarn bal patentee, 1176, 1790

Staudenmaier, C, patentee, 396, 652Stauffer, John N

Buoy patent witness, 2889hardware store owner, 2889

Stay, definition, 315Stead, coin operated sc patentee, 2453Steedman, James, 3386, 3390

Canadian scale patentee, 3386, 3390patentee with Turnbull, Andrew, 3386, 3390see also Turnbull, Andrew, patentee with Steedman,

JamesSteel, Christopher, 2463Steel beam, 205-206, 247Steel cleaning, 1239Steel die, definition, 1171Steelyard

accelerating, 1423-1425patent, 624, 2707

advantages, 2683Anatolian, 2835-2837, 2838-2839

poise wt for, 2836-2837apothecary, 73, 805, 1422article by Crawforth, 1026-1035with attached poise, 2377, 2582-2584, 2601baby, 562barge, 699, 1664beam construction, 333-334bent beam, 2690with bifurcated beam, 2690Boston market beam, 1593with box or bucket, 2582-2584brass, 332, 1593, 2377-2380, 2381, 2403-2404, 2582-

2584brass saddled, 2381-2382, 2383-2384bread, 1090-1092, 1462butchers, 508, 758, 1160, 1437-1438, 1462, 1593, 2799cannon, 868cannon-ball sc, 1721-1722, 2685, 2687capacity, 2378with captive poise, 2687cart, 656, 703, 2675-2678

at Blue Lion, 2675with double poises, 2676, 2687hanging chains, 2675at Soham, 2675-2676at Woodbridge, 2675

cartridge, 1039with cast iron poise, 2388-2389ccd, 14chick pea, 420-421, 2584chigi, 321cloth, 1169coal, 32, 34, 76, 312, 853coin, 14, 235, 268-276, 286-287, 299-303, 310, 400,

990, 1027-1029, 1039, 1300, 1303, 1306, 1685-1686, 1787, 1833, 1897-1900, 2391

coin & postal, 1681compound, 2690computing, 127, 1461, 1516-1517cotton, 322, 334, 1301-1302counter, 78, 109, 198, 217, 505, 647, 758, 871, 1078,

1528, 1537-1538, 1570, 1655-1656, 1692, 1721-1722, 2074, 2412-2414

definition, 259, 284, 315, 1026, 1035derivation, 1246, 2174design, 39diamond-sectioned arm, 2388-2389diamond-sectioned blade, 2388-2389diet, 1250disadvantages, 2683do'tchin, 55-59, 157, 225, 227, 926double beam, 1528, 1537-1538, 1556, 2383-2384,

2505-2506double fulcrum, 2683double hook, 2388-2389drug, 322, 1247, 2054-2055druggists, 2050, 2052earliest English standard design?, 1384ease of use, 1369egg, 375-384, 415-417, 905, 922, 1277-1279, 1281,

1973farnum design, 2823-2824fast, 1543folding, 2978-2984fraud, 1185fulcrum, 2378-2379, 2683fulcrum knife, 2379gin-tame, 322glass blowers, 994gold, 231graduated in stones, 2799-2800grain, 78-82, 224, 231, 288, 354, 566-567, 825, 989,

1071, 1309, 1717half-roberval see half-roberval & steelyardhinged poise, 231, 672-675, 1028, 1091, 1419-1420,

1476, 1511, 1624-1625, 1973ichirin-tame, 322iron & copper alloy with gold inlay, 2835-2837iron rings, 2377ivory, 299-303, 1300, 1686kagi bakari, 320-321kaki sao bakari, 322kitchen, 765, 768, 771, 773, 1463, 1807kosao bakari, 322kosara bakari, 322letter, 990with linkage on one end, 2685load-bearing knife, 2379with load hook, 2377with long knives, 1847loose weight, 1458metric, 2403micrometer, 14, 361, 505, 758, 1373, 1685

patent, 1373milk, 1029mixed units on blade, 1848mkr

Adie, 1717Arnaud & Gayette, 2385Avery, W & T, 653, 1461, 1514-1518, 1702, 2389,

2684Avery, W & T Ltd, 1090-1092, 1185, 1424, 1457,

1702Badger Fire Extinguisher Co, 1039Balden, Joseph Jr, 1508Balden, Joseph Sr., 1508Ball, Wm, 2380, 2388-2390Bartlett, C H, 1028Barton, John, 1505, 1508Barton, William Bridgins, 1505, 1508Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787Beach, Thomas, 1026, 1504, 1508, 1512, 1543-

1544, 1565, 1572-1573, 2389, 2683Béranger, Joseph, 1664

Bourne, Thomas, 697Bradford, Darby & Hulls, 286Briais, Narcissé, 1403, 1677Brind, William, 22, 205Brower Mfg Co, 920, 1284, 1313Brown, R & Sons, 1028Brown & Sharpe Mfg Co, 1169, 1702Buffalo Scale Co, 1700Burrows, Stewart & Milne Co Ltd, 1437-1438Carlstedt Mfg Co, 41, 379-380, 414-415, 1276,

1313Casella, L, 1715Castell, 421Chatillon, John & Sons, 334, 1556, 1593Computing Sc Co, 559Corcoran, Bryan Ltd, 354Croome, Thomas, 207Davis, A B & Co, 785Day & Millward, 1516, 2386Dodge Scale Co, 505Exupere, L, 1169Fairbanks, 73, 75, 78, 109, 177, 509-511, 989, 994,

1028, 2582-2583Fairbanks, E & T, 723, 805, 1169, 1422Fairbanks, E & T & Co, 78, 143-144, 1169, 1701Fairbanks, Morse & Co, 1702Field, Thomas, 1508French, Robert, 1501, 1505Freudewald, August, 2386-2387Fucoma, 408-409, 2383-2384Gibbs, 2690Gradenway, 1313Harris, John, 1040, 1379, 2690Harrison, Thomas, 495, 676Hay, James, 1508, 1513Heeley, James & Son, 1039Henry, S, 271Herbert & Sons, 1196, 1726Hill, Matthew, 270, 1724Howe Scale Co, 901, 1527-1528, 1701, 2583-2584Hux, Thomas & Elizabeth, 208I P, 1379Japanese print, 324Jin, 321Jones of Binghamton, 562, 1078Kahlert Mfg Co, 1313Keeler, Joel F, 2707Kitchen, Richard, 725Lingard, George, 1508, 1513Maranville, H, 1029Marlin, A, 758Martin, Benjamin, 269, 299-303, 310, 1686, 1718-

1719Merlin, John Joseph, 1685Moffett, James Thomas, 1583Mordan, Sampson & Co, 652, 1677Mount Tacoma Mfg Co, 1312Neale, John, 208Newman, J, 1519Oakes Mfg Co Inc, 383-384, 1313Owen, Gibbs, 1508Parnall & Sons, 1258

Parnall & Sons Ltd, 1458Peck, Stow & Wilcox, 1808Perfas, 647, 1525Pooley, Henry, 724Pooley & Son, 702Preston, W B, 332, 508Preston, William B, 508Prutscher, A, 1029, 2382-2383Quintenz, A, 722R T, 1847Randolph, N V & Co, 1039, 2038-2049Ratcliff, J & E, 1227Read, Joseph, 183Reuss, 2381Rhewa, 2386-2387Robert, D L, 514Roberts, Richard, 2380Roberts, Timothy, 244, 2380Robinson, Jonathan, 1508Robinson & Co, 1508, 1513Rowley, John, 1718, 2389Sangster, James, 214Sheldon, Frederick, 1027Shuzui, 321, 325Simcox, Pemberton & Sons, 1520Simcox & Pemberton, 1520Simpson, R, 726Skinner, William, 2066Smith, A, 428Snow, Thomas, 1378Sommers, Charles I, 215, 1393Sommers & Son, 1396Stephenson, Howard & Davis, 2365-2366Steuwer, 2377-2379Stillwell & Sons, 2800Stokes, Saul, 1508Stubbs, B, 271, 1027Tallman, James, 1383Thomson, W C, 2385Troemner, Henry, 1701, 1721-1722Waddy, William, probably owner, 1379Webb, W A, 417White Mfg Co, 1973Whitmore, William, 1508Wilcox Silver Plate Co, 1665-1666Wood, Joseph, 1508Wright, 530Wyatt, 727Yekeri, 645Young & Son, 800Zenshiro, 321

mkr, 1026, 1504moisture, 218with movable fulcrum, 2380moving beam, 480multi-beam, 224-225, 2689with multiple fulcrum, 2689nakasara bakari, 322nationality

American, 41, 73, 75, 78, 109, 177, 191, 334, 379-380, 383-384, 408-409, 414-415, 417, 505, 509-511, 514, 559, 562, 723, 785, 805, 901,

920, 989, 994, 1028-1029, 1039, 1078, 1169, 1276, 1278, 1281, 1284, 1312-1313, 1422, 1527-1528, 1556, 1593, 1665-1666, 1700-1702, 1808, 2029, 2038-2049, 2385, 2385-2386, 2582-2584

Anatolian, 2835-2837, 2839Austrian, 504-505British, 2686Byzantine, 168, 2384Caledonian, 2686Canadian, 1737Chinese, 2690Danish, 535, 2178, 2386Dutch, 2400, 2402English, 183, 205, 207-208, 214, 244, 269-271,

286, 299-303, 310, 332, 354, 495, 508, 652-653, 676, 697, 702, 724-725, 1026-1028, 1039-1040, 1090-1092, 1185, 1196, 1227, 1258, 1302, 1378-1379, 1424, 1457-1458, 1461, 1501, 1504-1505, 1508, 1512-1519, 1543-1544, 1565, 1572-1573, 1583, 1677, 1685-1686, 1702, 1715, 1718-1719, 1724, 1726, 1787, 2381-2382, 2386, 2388-2390, 2683-2684

French, 472, 647, 722, 756, 758, 1169, 1373-1374, 1403, 1525, 1536, 1664, 1677, 2385, 2686

German, 765, 871, 1029, 2382, 2683Greek, 2177Irish, 1847Italian, 1774-1776, 2353, 2403-2404, 2684Japanese, 321, 2688-2690Latvian, 2377, 2377-2380Maltese, 868Roman, 168-169, 284, 1819, 1853-1854Scottish, 1717Spanish, 421, 2391, 2401-2402Swedish, 535, 2381Turkish, 645-646

ni-rin-tame, 322with offset knife edges, 2389ohsara-bakari, 322paper, 1517, 1691-1692, 1700-1703, 2685parcel, 1256patentee

Amaud & Gayttè, 2385Bartlett, 537Béranger, Joseph, 1664Béranger & Maag, 1664Briais, Victor, 1403, 1536, 1677Case, Cesar, 1879Computing Sc Co, 5Fairbanks, Thaddeus, 1169Fitch, Dr Calvin H, 191, 2029Hipkins, 1092Krausse, K L, 624Roberts, 519Smith, F H, 566Suffield, S W, 567Susse, M V, 1373Thomas, G, 1176Thomas, G & Harling, G, 1176Thomson, Waddy C, 2385-2386

Valette fils, 1374with pendulous poise, 2800person, 15, 18, 177, 562, 694photographic, 1028with pippin steels pivots, 2388-2389pivoting, 2891with pivots forming fulcrum, 2388-2389platform, 76-78, 177, 514, 562, 702, 1106, 1185, 1636,

1664, 2685parcel, 109, 1106, 1655

platform sc see platform sc, steelyardplus & minus poise, 841poise comprised of two discs, 2381poise for each side of turn-over, 1593poise one each side of fulcrum, 73, 143, 270, 537, 645,

805, 1028, 1169, 1256, 1374, 1422, 1517-1518, 1716, 2052

poise pear shaped, 2686poise two on one side of fulcrum, 14, 78, 109, 144, 218,

227, 232, 268, 676, 727, 809, 1028, 1256, 1281, 1306, 1528, 1537-1538, 1556, 1701

polished steel beam, 2381-2382postal, 78, 101, 112, 133, 397, 426-428, 453-454, 509-

511, 529-530, 537-540, 566, 624, 652, 686, 942, 957, 982, 990, 1021, 1028, 1106, 1217, 1220, 1225, 1227, 1232, 1245, 1254, 1258, 1273, 1287-1288, 1295, 1373-1374, 1403, 1457, 1460, 1514-1518, 1527-1529, 1556, 1665-1666, 1677

postal & coin, 1681prescription, 1039, 2038-2049, 2055with proportional poises, 2688-2689, 2824rakushu bakari, 322registered design, 1220regulations, 1423-1425reproduction, 38retailer, Parker, William, 1829Roman, 2177roving sc, 1169saddled, 2377-2380, 2381-2387, 2504, 2686

for anglers, 2382with covered knives, 2382-2383Danish, 2178dating, 2384Day & Millward mkr, 2504double beam, 2383-2384with dust caps, 2382-2383German, 2686Latvian, 2377, 2381-2387locking beam, 2383-2384milk scale, 2382mkr

Arnaud & Gayette, 2385Day & Millward, 2386Fucoma, 2384Prutscher, 2382-2383Rehwa, 2386-2387Reuss, 2377Roberts

Richard, 2380Timothy, 2380

Stephenson, Howard & Davis, 2365-2366

Steuwer, 2377Thomson, W C, 2385

nickle plated steel beams, 2383-2384patentee, Day & Millward, 2386steel, 2381-2382

with wood handle, 2381-2382tare-bar, 2382-2383tare-beam, 2383-2384with triangular indicator, 2383with U-beam, 2382-2384

salt, 2303-2304sao bakari, 321sara bakari, 321Schickert's principle, 2686sensitivity, 67, 1424, 1543-1544shop, 692, 758shuzui bakari, 325silver, 1685single fulcrum, 2683sliding beam, 236, 314-315, 2382with sliding counterpoise, 2178with sliding poise, 2216with sliding ring, 2388-2389with slotted poise, 2687specific gravity, 314standard, 1196with stop knob, 2377supported, 2685with suspension hook, 2388-2389with swinging suspension handle, 2377with tandem roller counterpoise, 2686telescopic, 529-530, 647, 1029, 1293, 1570telescopic wt, 133with tipping pivot, 2689trade, 321, 332, 334, 926, 1026, 1378trade regs, 74trombone, 1029tsugi sao bakari, 322tsuno sao bakari, 321turn over, 244, 340, 479, 504, 1026, 1378, 1543, 1593,

1776, 1791, 1819, 2388-2389, 2683-2684turn-over beam, 2690turn-over poise, 1091, 2686

see also folding gold balturn over with two poises, 1593two beam, 409, 514, 537, 566, 1027-1028, 1256, 1258,

1260, 1807two load-positions, 1686two poises, patent, 1374two sets graduations on one blade, 1691Union, 86, 152, 514, 901, 1807-1815, 1835-1840,

1877-1878variable beam, 758vibrating, 1423-1425, 2686wall-mounted, 1528wata bakari, 322weigh masters, 78-79weight-subtracting, definition, 1027wooden, 101, 112, 321, 428wrought iron, 2388-2390yarn, 1169-1170zenshiro bakari, 325

zoge bakari, 321Steelyard, 2353, 2377-2380, 2391, 2504, 2505-2506, 2673-

2674, 2683-2690, 2707, 2799, 2835-2837, 2839Steelyard & half roberval, 14, 78, 86, 109, 130, 133, 144,

171, 218, 255, 341, 375, 379, 383, 415, 537, 652, 678, 771, 942, 1021, 1028, 1217, 1223, 1256, 1258, 1260, 1278, 1312, 1460, 1592, 1671, 1807, 1811

Steibel, H G, patentee, 492Steiernhielm, system of measurement, 2218Stein

Bob, 3349-3353Obituary, 3350-3353

Ted, 3160Stein, B (author), 408, 580Stein, Bob

biography, 2634collection, 3275, 3277, 3282

Stein, B's British postal rates, letter, 580Stein, T & Crawforth, D's, "Mancurs" (article), 1863-1876Stein, Ted, 2229

biography, 2140Stein, T's

"Fairbanks Union Scale" (article), 1807-1815"Pelouze Straight Spring Balance" (article), 2000

Steinfeldt & Blasbergbéranger sc mkr, 530, 1641béranger shop sc mkr, 530German sc mkr, 530, 1439, 1641postal sc retailers, 1439spring bal retailer, 1439see also catalogue

Steinheil, A von, precision bal mkr, 564, 791Stein's

"A Most Unusual Scale" (article), 2511-2512"Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1" (article), 2131-

2140"Tiffany" (article), 2629-2634

Stem see LegStengel (author), 1901Stephenson, George, 2372Stephenson, Howard & Davis

Dearborn patent bal mkr, 2370postal sc mkr, 2369-2371standard bal mkr, 2370

Stephenson, L & Co, 2370Stephenson, Luther S, sc mkr, 2370-2371Sterling, 1991Steuer (author), 1613Stevens, F M, spring bal patentee, 669-671Stevenson (author), 1019, 1569, 1896Stevenson's

apothecary Scales & Weights, letter, 929"Mancur Balances" (article), 431-435"Mediaeval Bronze Beam" (article), 1566-1569Response to Review, letter to editor, 1816

Stewart, G A, patentee, 671Stewart, J B, patentee, 667, 671Stewart, James

apprentice of Goodman, John, 1729, 1731dates, 1731freedom not found, 1731

Stibbs & Dean, coin sc retailer, 282

Stiebel, H G Jnr, weigh scoop patentee, 492Stigler, Stephen, Professor, 3147Stiles, William

apprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729, 1740apprentice with Read, Samuel, 244coin sc mkr, 245dates, 1740master of Dearsly, Thomas, 1740master of Leveritt, William, 1740

Stillard see steelyardStillerd see steelyard, derivationStilliard see steelyard; steelyard, derivationStilliard (mancur), 1863Stillwell, Ed II see Stillwell, Edward & SonsStillwell, Edward & Sons

dates, 1732shop sc mkr, 1732successors of Stillwell, Edward I, 1732

Stillwell, Edward Iapprentice of Burchfield, Thomas, 1732dates, 1732succeeded by Stillwell, Edward & Sons, 1732

Stillwell, Edward II see Stillwell, Edward & SonsStimpart, 1075Stimpson, W F, 3264

characature of, 3264owner

hotel in Milan, MI, 3249Stimpson Land Co, 3249Stimpson Mercantile Equipment Co, 3249

Stimpson, W F & Co, MI sc mkr, 3034, 3248Stimpson, W F and Co, spring scale, 3227-3228Stimpson, W F and Co, 3227-3228Stimpson, W F Co, 3251

Court case, 3255law suit concerning, 3248, 3250Leggett, John, Vice President, 3248MI sc mkr, 3034, 3248Miller, Sherman, President, 3248officers of, 3248Paine, George, Secretary, Treasurer, 3248Stimpson, Walter, General Manager, 3248trust with Computing Scale Co, 3249trust with Moneyweight Scale Co, 3249

Stimpson, W F Scale Co, MI sc mkr, 3247, 3250Stimpson, Walter, 3239Stimpson, Walter F, 3227

American patentee, 3246biography, 3246-3249in Milan, MI, 3227, 3244owner Stimpson Land Co, 3249see also Stimpson, Walter Franklin

Stimpson, Walter Franklin, 3250biography, 3241-3242bussinessman, 3247dates, 3250entrepreneur, 3247farmer, 3241inventor, 3241-3242, 3247organized Stimpson Computing Scale Co, 3241-3242,

3250patentee, 3241-3242

receiving royalties, 3247-3248salesman, 3247teacher, 3241, 3244, 3246see also Stimpson, Walter F

Stimpson Computing Scale Co, 1951, 3247, 3251butcher's scale, 3247cheese cutter, 3246competitor of Toledo Scale Co, 3246computing barrel scale, 3249court case, 3255Elkhart

INmoved to Detroit, 3248patent dates, 3247paying royalties to Stimpson, 3247-3248sold to Stimpson, W F Co, 3248

hanging horizontal barrel sc, 3246law suit concerning, 3248Louisville, KY, 3249MI sc mkr, 3034Pepper, H Clay

factory worker, 3248marriage announcement, 3248

questions concerning, 2139, 2206renamed Globe-Stimpson, 3249sold to Globe, 3249

Stimpson Land Co, 3249, 3250Stimpson Mercantile Equipment Co, 3249, 3251Stimpson Scale & Electric Co, 3249, 3251Stimpson Scale & Manufacturing Co, 3251Stimpson Scale & Mfg Co, MI sc mkr, 3034Stimpson Scale Co, 2138, 3227-3228

Bucklen, Herbert E, organizer, 2138Stimpson scales

made in Detroit, MI, 3247made in Elkhart, IN, 3247made in Louisville, KY, 3247made in Milan, MI, 3247made in Northville, MI, 3247, 3249made in Tecumseh, MI, 3247

Stimpson Specialaty Co, 3251Stimpson Standard Scale Company, 3249, 3250

making coffee mills, 3249making meat choppers, 3249making platform scales, 3249making truck scales, 3249making wagon scales, 3249

Stimpson's, Restorf Variations (article), 1410-1412Stirling, Records of the Burgh 1654 & 1676, 1998Stirling, Alexander

pot plate, 1447shop sc retailers, 1447trade sc retailer, 1447

Stirrup, removable, 2420Stirrup end, 2315, 2318

definition, 172-173, 315Stock, C (Inspector of Weights & Meas), 2280Stock, J, Development of the Chemical Balance (review),

87, 187Stock, R

author, 1090, 1129, 1796, 1983Control of Pounds & Pints (review), 785

Stock & Crawforth's "Guinea Weights" (article), 459-467, 495-504, 1041, 1044

Stockport mark, 1929Stoddart, James

apprentice of Webb, Richard William, 1730dates, 1730sc mkr, 1730

Stokes, Samuel see Stokes, SaulStokes, Saul

date, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508

Stollnreuther, Viennese bal mkr, 2593Stollnreuther, Carl

dates, 643precision bal, 642

Stone, London, 2800-2801Stone, Richard, succeeded by Parker, William, 1829Stone weights

definition, 2016for wool, 2020see also weights, material, stone

Stoner, John KBuoy patent witness, 2889hardware store owner, 2889

Storck, J, 2436Story of Standards by Perry (review), 187Straight faced spring bal, definition, 315-316Strain gauge, 2215

combines load receiver & sensor, 2215definition, 140

Strap catch, 208Strasburg-Grafenstadt Engine Co

decimal sc mkr, 888owned by Rollé & Schwilgué, 888succeeded by Société Alsaciènne de Constructions

Mecanique, 888Street, E, ccd patentee, 931Streeter Collection see Nesting Weights Einsatzgewichte &

Piles à GodetStretch, Peter, Philadelphia Sealer, 3224-3225Strichman, George, Fairbanks, Morse president, 3066Strife of Scales in the City of London by Kingdon (review),

187Strike measure, 1160Striker

adapted lid, 825definition, 825separate from roller, 1717

Strong, Francis M, US patentee, 2756Strubler Computing Scale Co, 2230

questions concerning, 2139Strubler Scale Co, organized by Bucklin, Herbert E, 2134Stubbs, Benjamin

arrestment gear, 1027steelyard mkr, 271, 1027

Stubs, Peterdelivering folders for Bell, Hamlet, 1626see also catalogue

Stuckrath, Paul, German sc mkr, 720Stukeley, Dr, Royal Society, 659Sturbridge Museum, coin sc, 1779, 1880-1881Sturgess' "Papergoods" (article), 179-189

Stylus bal, definition, 316Substitution bal

definition, 313, 316, 872-874mkr

Mikrowa, 409Starke & Kammerer, 872

precision, 872Substitution weighing, definition, 316, 873"Substitution Weighing" (article by Jenemann), 873-874Suffield, S W, bismar patentee, 566, 568, 1030Sugar sc, 137Sugarcane sc, 544

mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544Sumerian Akkadian

civilization of, 2146organized evolution of civilization, 2146

Summit-Hanning egg weigher see Cope & Cope LtdSumneytown, Pennsylvania, 3228Sunbeam

successor to Borg, 3012successor to Counselor, 3012successor to Detecto, 3012successor to Hanson, 3012successor to Hanson Scale, 3007

Sunderland mark, 1959Sunny Line Appliances, Inc. see Comerford, Thomas FSuper Sampson, spring, 554Supper Flat Imperial Solid, marking on weight, 3179"Supplementary Notes on Paper Scales" (article by

Chamberlain), 3077-3080, 3273Surrey mark, 1978, 1980"Survival of the 8-lb Stone" (article by Connor), 2531Suspension ring, definition, 206, 316Susse, Michel Victor

candlestick sc patentee, 1373, 3132patentee, 1370, 1373, 3132

Sussex East mark, 2031Sussex mark, 1981Sutcliffe, H & Co

agent for Avery, 2681bank sc mkr, 2679-2682

for Lloyds of London, 2679-2682dates, 638pot plate, 1455trade sc mkr, 1455wts, 638

Sutcliffe, Ruben, shop sc mkr, 2682Sutton, J W

ccd mkr, 875, 904ccd patentee, 875

Sutton, William, dates, 1723Swain, Matthew Ltd

dates, 638wts, 585, 638

Swan, mark on wts, 69Swan box end

definition, 172-173see also beam end shapes

Swan neck end, 2317definition, 172-173, 316patent, 1442see also beam end shapes

Swank, A L, weigh scoop patentee, 492Swart, M J

American retailer, 514Old Advert, 514

Sweaters of coinage, 265, 1303Sweating, method of, 265Swedish mint marks, 640Swedish sc

grain, 80hinged beam, 1568kitchen, 981, 1463steelyard, 535

Sweets scAvery, W & T Ltd, 1184mkr, Avery, W & T Ltd, 1184see also candy sc

Swift (hirondel) mark (Arundel inspectors), 45, 1977Swinton (author), 2072Swinton, John

Scots advocate, 2071table of Scots & English wts, 2071

Swiss, postal sc, pendulum, 562Swiss adoption of 500 gram pound, 562Swiss adoption of metric system by P O, 561Swiss patentee see patentee, SwissSwiss sc

mkrBondeli, Johann Emanuel, 721Mettler, E, 702Mikrowa, 409unknown, 561-562

Swiss wts see weights, nationalitySwithin, John, 248

apprentice of Thompson, Daniel, 248dates, 1733inspectors sc mkr, 1733master of Croome, Thomas, 1733master of Lamb, William, 1733master of Moffett, James, 1583, 1734succeeded by Lamb, William, 1733

Swivelling beam, 511mkr, Fairbanks, 511

Sydney, S, patentee, 276Symbolic wts see weight, shapeSyng, Daniel, Philadelphia Sealer, 3224Syng, Philip, Philadelphia Silversmith, 3224-3225

TT, on wts, 306T see TroyT & B see Tomlinson & BickleyT B, 927

mark on wts, 46see also Braby, Thomas

T Fmark on wts, 1025wt mkr, 1023

T Hmark on wts, 1800on wts, 1771see also Houghton, Thomas

T H & S see Holcroft, T & Son

T in heart, mark in pans, 1299T N, on weights, 529-530T N & S, wts, 638T P

coin sc mkr, 1352, 1354-1355, 1357-1358coin wts mkr, 1829mark in pans, 1354, 1357weights see Price, Thomas

T Rcoin wt mkr, 917definition, 43see also Rawlins, Thomas; weights, mkr, Rawlins,

ThomasTabberer, William

Birmingham mkr, 1725ccd mkr, 1725office in London, 1725rocker mkr, 1725

Tablemass standards in ancient Peru, 2913of scales in ancient Peru, 2913

Tabulating Machine Co., 2206Taccuimum Sanitas, Lombardy, Italy, painting, 2182Tacho, trade name of Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 889Tacho-Schnellwaagenfabrik G M B H, 959

dates, 959German sc mkr, 844-847, 889-892inverted roberval & pointer, 889owned by Avery, W & T Ltd, 959self indicating sc, 845-847trade mark, 889trade sc mkr, 844-847, 959

Tadloo, Alfreddates, 1733at same address as Doyle & Son, 1733at same address as Nicholl & Fowler, 1733successor of Tadloo, Joseph, 1733

Tadloo, Josephdates, 1733master of Champion, Phillip, 1733master of Martin, John, 1733master of Winsbury, John, 1733succeeded by Tadloo, Alfred, 1733successor of Tadloo, Thomas, 1733

Tadloo, Thomasapprentice of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733date, 1733succeeded by Tadloo, Joseph, 1733

Taft Museum, published American Weigh (1984) (review), 717

"Talent of St Mary" (article by Holland), 1332-1339Tallman, James

coin sc mkr, 1383steelyard mkr, 1383trade card, 1383-1384weights mkr, 1383

Tape see BandTape measure, 537-538, 540, 547Tare, pointer, 1599Tare bar, 217, 1423, 1592

definition, 339Tare-bar see tare-beam

Tare-beamcake sc, 1591computing scale, 2135see also fraction bar

Tare poise, 339, 1591Tare screw, 1557, 1672, 1674-1675, 2098Tare weighing, 2017Tare wt, definition, 339Tare wts see weights, purposeTargot, Thomas

auncel mkr, 1727dates, 1727

Tassel, definition, 193, 256, 339Tatlock see Griffin & TatlockTatters, W., coin operated sc patentee, 2451Tatters, William, coin operated sc mkr, 2451Tax collectors sc, 858Tax records, use for research, 2890Taylor, D O, weigh scoop patentee, 492Taylor, John

dates, 1508spring bal mkr, 1508

Taylor, William Icoin sc mkr, 207, 243dates, 1731-1732master of Lind, Joseph, 1732master of Roberts, Timothy, 243, 1731

Taylor, William IIapprentice of Deane, John, 1736apprentice of Townsend, Richard, 1736-1737apprentice of Wood, Mary, 1737

Taylor, William IIIccd mkr, 1508coin sc mkr, 1508dates, 1508

Taylor/Metro, successor to Hanson, 3012Tea dealers sc, mkr, Parnall & Sons, 1456Tea leaf sc

mkrSalter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544Springer Torsion Balance Co, 1001

Tea sampling scale, 3134Tea sc, 544, 1001, 1462, 1592

mkrAvery, W & T, 1462Chatillon, John & Sons, 1556, 1592Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544Williams, Walter, 1731Williams, William, 1419Williams, William I, 1419

Tea sc retailer, Planner, H G & Co, 1726Technical Research Library, 2500Teissen,Matthias, 3228Teledyne Corp, successor of Gurley, 2966Telescope, autocollimation, 790Telescope of wts see weight, shape, flatTelescopic beam, 236-237Telescopic steelyard, 529-530, 647, 1029, 1293

definition, 339, 341, 1029see also sliding beam steelyard

Telescopic wt, postal sc, 133Telesnitsky Vsevolod, French patentee, 1370

Tellits Dials, subsidiary of Hanson Limited, 3009Temperature compensation, 1466-1467Template, fabric, 1143-1148, 1168-1172Temple scales, 2550Templet see templateTenbin, Japanese money-changers sc, 156, 326Tenor, American money, 358, 2472Tension spring bal

definition,' 339, 543, 552see also Spring bal, tension

Tension springs see spring balTension tester, 224-225, 543, 552, 3499-3504

mkrPaupier, L, 1873Salter, Geo & Co, 224-225, 3499, 3502-3503Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 543, 552

scale, 2172, 3499-3504telephone exchange, 3500telephone exchange relay, 3499-3500

Tension testers, 3499-3504Teraillon successor to Hanson Limited, 3011Terazzi, Hisar, 445-446Termelier, Andrè, C-spring mkr, 1875Terraillon

French sc mkr, 1985-1986kitchen sc mkr, 1985-1986spring sc mkr, 1985-1986

Terrazzi, Hizar, béranger mkr, 2440Tesche, C W, C-spring mkr, 1876Tesche, W W, C-spring mkr, 1876Test wts

use, 138see also weights, purpose

Testingcounter sc, 714deadweight machine, 714platform sc, 714

Testmatic see MikrowaTestut

bankers sc mkr, 1295mancur, 434pendulum sc mkr, 1913roberval sc mkr, 2487wt mkr, 387

Testut, Charles (author) of Memento du Pesage, 445Testut, Charles et Fils à Paris, C-spring mkr, 1875"Thaddeus Fairbanks' Invention, 1830, Part 1" (article by

Yale), 2283-2286"Thaddeus Fairbanks' Invention, 1830, Part 2-Henry Little's

Account" (article by Yale), 2326-2329"Thaddeus Fairbanks' Invention, 1830, Part 3-What did

Fairbanks Invent?" (article by Yale), 2344-2349Thai sc, 249Thai wts see weights, nationalityThatcher, John

sc mkr, 3085, 3088trial in Old Bailey for murder of, 3085, 3088

The Act of Union, 1707, 3044"The Adjusting Mechanism on Roberval Postal Scales"

(article by Govier), 3206-3208"The Chicago Scale Company"(article by Berning,J), 3455-

3460

"The Dating of a Particular Salter Letter Scale," (article by Sol), 3367-3368

"The Devil's in the Details" (article by Amsbaugh), 3306-3310

"The "Dove" Letter Balance Unmasked" (article by Beare), 3196-3200

"The Fairbanks Brothers & their Scale Works" (article by Paige), 3060-3068

"The Founders - Contemporary Views" (article by Schmidt), 3239-3242, 3247-3248

"The Harvard Trip Scale" (article by Warner), 3092-3096"The Irish Apothecary Standard"(article by Biggs), 3437-

3438"The Nolan Scale Co, the C W Novelty Co and Mssrs John

H Nolan and Sherman Johnson" (article by Katz), 3162-3164

"The Perfection Egg Grader" (article by Amsbaugh), 3257-3258

"The Proceedings of the Old Bailey London 1674-1834" (article by Herbert), 3085-3091

"The Standard Computing Scale Company"(article by Schmidt), 3252-3255

"The Stimpson Weighs"(centerfold by Moss), 3250-3251"The Stimpson Weighs" (timeline by Moss), 3250-3251Theatrum Staticum Universale by Leopold (review), 575Theobold, Henry, coin operated sc mkr, 2460Theory, scientific, 3148Theory of beam, 2949-2951"There are Deadweights at the Bottom of my Garden"

(article by Knights), 1635-1636Thermo-gravimetric analysis, instructions for, 2545Thermometer, on candlestick postal, 407Thiebaud, A & Burdet

patentee, 1370pendulum sc patentee, 1401

Thiele, F Agrain sc mkr, 825patentee, 825

Third-guineacoinage, 498, 1083, 1624see also weights, denomination, third-guinea

Third guinea poise, folding gold bal, 1624"Third Guinea Weighing" (article by Camilleri), 1624-1625Thirion, E, yarn bal patentee, 1176Thistle, mark on coin wts, 45, 1478Thistle crown see weights, denomination, thistle crownThomas, David, biography, 3006Thomas, Arthur H, trip sc mkr, 3095Thomas, G, yarn bal patentee, 1176Thomas, G & Harling, G, yarn bal patentee, 1176Thomas, Geo & Co Ltd

patentee, 1103yarn bal mkr, 1103

Thomas & Parker, egg sc patentees, 376"Thomas Beach" (article by Crawforth, D), 1499-1513,

1539-1548, 1553, 1572-1580Thomas' "Howard & Co." (article), 3235"Thomas Parker's Inch Weights"(article by Biggs), 3506-

3507Thomas' "Waterlow & Sons" (article), 2998-3006Thompson see Moore & ThompsonThompson, Daniel

apprentice of Hux, Thomas II, 248, 1731coin sc mkr, 248dates, 1739master of 5 apprentices at once, 1729master of Clark, Edward, 1731master of Goodman, John, 1731master of Swithin, John, 248succeeded by Thompson, John II, 1731

Thompson, G B & Co, ironmongers suppliers, 1727Thompson, J A

ccd patentee, 14, 761, 848, 876, 931, 1018, 2269trade card, 763

Thompson, Jeremiahapprentice of Grove, Christopher I, 1735apprentice of Neale, Samuel, 1734-1735dates, 1735

Thompson, John Iapprentice of Jenks, Edmund, 1735, 1737apprentice of Neale, John, 244, 1729, 1737coin sc mkr, 245dates, 1737employed foreman Goodman, John, 1743master of McCraight, John Charles, 1735master of Newman, Samuel, 1735master of Thompson, John II, 1735

Thompson, John IIapprentice of Thompson, John I, 1735coin sc mkr, 1731dates, 1731master of Goodman, John, 1731partner of Goodman, John, 1731successor of Thompson, Daniel, 1731

Thompson & Goodmandate, 1731Thompson, John I & Goodman, John, 1731

Thompson Balance Co., metric wt mkr, 2692Thompson Engineering & Mfg Co, 2341, 3132-3133Thompson G B & Co, trade sc retailer, 1726Thompson Tool and Mfg Co, 2341Thornhill

bismar mkr, 1231, 1233cutler & dressing-case mkr, 1231postal sc mkr, 1231

Thornton, William, head of American Patent Office, 1113Thorp & Tasker, spring bal inventor, 1168"Thousand & One Variations" (article by Boogaard), 291-

298Threadneedle Street, 3016-3017Three crowns, mark, 28Three Fold Tenor

U S coinage, 359see also new tenor

Three scimitars, mark on wts, 164Throgmorton Street, 3016-3017Throsker painting, spring bal in use, 851Thurkow's, "The Do'tchin" (article), 55-59Thyson see TysonTiesen see TysonTiffany

American sc retailer, 1261, 1999, 2617, 3028postal sc retailers, 1261, 2617, 3028retailer

Marshall Fields, 2634Neiman Marcus, 2634Salon de L'art Nouveau, 2634Shreve's, 2634Tiffany & Co Jewelers, 2634Tiffany Studios, 2634

"Tiffany" (article by Stein), 2629-2634Tiffany & Co, users of Troemner bullion bal, 1940Tiffany letter scales, 1261, 2556, 2559-2560, 2629-2634,

3028abalone pattern, 2630Apollo Studios imitation, 2631bookmark pattern, 2632byzantium pattern, 2631Chinese pattern, 2630desk sets, 2629, 2633favrile glass, 2629-2634finishes, 2633graduate pattern, 2632grapevine pattern, 2629, 2630mechanism by Pelouze, 2634ninth Century pattern, 2629Pine Needles pattern, 2630, 2632Tiffany Furnaces, 2631venetian pattern, 2631zodiac pattern, 2630

Tiffany parcel scales, 2634Timber moisture sc

retailer, Nichols, A S Co, 809steelyard, 809

Timson, W, patentee, 677-678Tin boxes see boxTin-plate, 1237Tisen see TysonTissen see TysonTitford see Vandome, Titfords & PawsonTitford, William, 2129Titford, William & Titford, Arthur, 1734Titfords & Co

succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 1734successors of, Vandome Titfords & Co, 1734

Titfords & Co, Titford, William & Titford, Arthur, 1734Titfords & Vandome, coin sc, 592Tivoli, S J L & C, apothecary sc mkr, 807To see weight, shape, chinthe"To be a First Timer"(article by Smith), 3446-3447"To Clean or Not to Clean" (article by Crawforth), 1203-

1210, 1234-1240, 1265-1272, 3161"To Clean or Not to Clean?" (article by Govier), 3035,

3161"To What End" (article by Wilson), 2934Tobacco leaf sc, mkr, Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544Tobacco sc

equal arm, 7mkr

Avery, W & T Ltd, 7Fairbanks & Co, 107Salter, Geo & Co Ltd, 544

spring, 544Tobacconists sc, mkr, Avery, W & T Ltd, 7Token sc, 1105Tolanski, Professor, 2620

Toledobowling ball sc mkr, 3173, 3178see also catalogue

Toledo Sc Corp, 77, 222, 224-225Toledo Scale Co., 2460, 3316Toledo Scale Co, American scale maker, 3316-3317Toledo Scale Co., competitor of Stimpson, 3248-3249Toledo Scale Company

Court case, 3255cuff-links, 3516service pins, 3516tie clasp, 3516tie pins, 3516

Tolerance, British, 9, 716, 2223Tolerance tables, for scales, 2223Tolerances, equal arm sc, 9, 713Toll, 2415

waterway, 2415based on weight, 2415weight based on guage tables, 2415

Toll dish measure, 1138Tomkins, M H, yarn bal patentee, 1176Tomlins, Newman, master of Godbor, Thomas, 1736Tomlinson & Bickley

coin sc mkr, 1508coin sc retailer, 1508T & B, 1508

Tongs see bread scTongue, John

folding gold bal mkr, 1941, 1944sovereign wts mkr, 1944wts mkr, 1944

Tongue, Williamcoin sc mkr, 1508, 1943-1944coin wts mkr, 1508dates, 1508, 1943W T, 1508WT, 1943

Tongue folding gold bal (query by Camilleri), 1941Tonya wts see weights, denominationTool retailer, Preston, Edward, 1726Tools, inspectors, 118, 120tools advertising, 3314Tooting, inspectors stamping wts, 1893Top load scale, 3174Top-pan counter scale, 2600Top pan spring bal see Spring bal, top panTop weight scale, 3174"Topweight, Face and Power" (article by Knights), 2949-

2951Torbal, successor to Torsion Balance Co, 2614Torbal Division (Vertex Industries Inc), 1000Torr, Charles, working for Winfield,R, 3105Torsion, in scales, 2610Torsion bal

with arrestment, 2611counter, 999, 2611, 2615-2616dairy, 1000with damping, 2611definition, 339, 997, 2603dial reading, 1000druggists, 2052

elastic properties of, 2610electronic analytical, 1000electronic top-loading, 1000with gold wires, 997high capacity, 1000mkr

Chatillon, 333Molins Machine Co, 2614Spindler & Hoyer, 750-753Springer Torsion Balance Co, 671, 999, 1001Torsion Balance & Scale Co, 997Torsion Balance Co, 477, 996, 998, 1000, 1002,

2052, 2603Torsion Balance Co Ltd, 2614

optical-projection, 1000patent 1882, 998, 2610-2611patentee

Conway, 2613, 2614Du Brul, 2615-2616Fries, 2613Kent, 2612-2613Michalis, 2612-2614Roeder, 2611-2612Springer, 2611-2613

platform, 2611, 2616prescription, 1000, 2616

roberval, 2616principle, inventors Springer, Dr Alfred & Roeder, Prof

Frederick A, 2052, 2610quartz beam, 750-753Roeder, Frederick, patentee, 2603shop, 671, 999spring adjustment, 997steel bands developed, 997, 2603steelyard, 2615steelyard with hanging pan, 2616tea-sampling, 1001

Torsion Balance & Scale Codates, 997, 2610succeeded by United States Torsion Balance & Scale

Co, 997Torsion Balance Co

American sc mkr, 998, 2606analytical bal mkr, 1000, 2611-2612apothecary sc mkr, 1000candy scale mkr, 2101dates, 998druggists sc mkr, 2052formed Co. of Becker, Christian Inc, 998purchased Becker, Christian 1915, 998successor of Becker, Christian, 1002successors of Springer Torsion Balance Co, 997see also catalogue

"Torsion Balance Co & Christian Becker" (article by Carley), 996-1003

Tortoiseshellfront, 1679moulding, 1680

Törv. Védve, coin rocker, 3040Tote pole, 2145Toule dish see toll dishToulmin, Robert


Tournai cathedral stained-glass window, 861Tourte bread, 1052Tower mark, 1990Tower Mint, 2442Tower of London

mark, 1930wts for, 43see also Royal Mint, Tower

Tower ounce, 1990-1991Tower pound, 1990Towers, J W & Co. Ltd, wt mkr, 2550Townsend, Charles E, postal sc designer, 1047Townsend, J & C, American sc mkr, 1047Townsend, John I, father of Townsend, John II, 1736Townsend, John II

apprentice of Schooling, James, 1736son of Townsend, John I, 1736

Townsend, Richarddates, 1735-1736master of Ben, John, 1735-1736master of Godbor, Thomas, 1736master of Taylor, William II, 1736-1737master of Wright, John, 1736sc mkr, 1735

Townsend & Co see Townshend & CoTownshend & Co

postal sc mkr, 146, 366, 3022registered design no, 146-147

Townson & Mercerprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Townson & Mercer Ltdprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Towsey, T J, ccd, 841Toy scale, 3151

made in Japan, 3151mark, STS in diamond, 3151

Tozer, W, patentee, 537-538, 547, 549Trade, definition, 1036Trade beam mkr, Fournel, Antoine, 862Trade card

Allender, John, 13, 760, 895, 904, 960Allender ccd, 13, 760, 895, 904, 960Angldile Computing Scale Co, 180, 901Arstall, Widow & Son, 2012Arstall, William, 2001, 2010Avery, W & T, 1579bankers weighing money, 1295Beach, Thomas, 1507, 1512Bourne, Thomas, 697Brind, William, 205Brooksby, Thomas II, 214Bullock, W & Co, 644Charpentier, 1623Chatillon, John & Sons, 754Clayton, Dr Frederick, 1170Croome, Thomas, 207

Crosby, Daniel, 1761Crosby, Daniel I, 1763Davis, A B & Co, 785Degrave, Charles, 247design changes, English, 1397Dorsman, Paulus, 849Exupere, L, 601Fairbanks Infallible Scale Co, 759Fitch, Dr C H, 2038Forstoff, Johann Wilhelm, 27French, Robert, 1502-1503in French for England, 1392Gatchell, Samuel, 1769Gatchell, Samuel & Sons, 1798-1799Gibson, Thomas, 215Gowers, Weston, 1782Greaves, John & Son, 238Hand, Ephraim, 1801Harris, John, 1040, 1380Harrison, Thomas, 495, 676, 1588Herbert, Thomas, 1192Herbert & Sons, 1194Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1198Herbertz, Johan Philipp, 29Herbertz, Johan Wilhelm, 29, 112Hux, Thomas & Elizabeth, 208, 1383, 1397Imlay & Bicknell, 764Infallible Coin Scale Co, 762, 964Jackson, Henry, 1803-1804Jackson, James, 1495Jones of Binghamton, 562Kirch, Johannes, 507Kirk, John, 1061Kosmo, 799Kruse, Abraham, 29Kruse, Melchior, 29Linderman, Jan, 1606Lockhart, James, 2069Lord, Horatio, 1172Lumsden, Benjamin, 2070Marriott, Henry, 1883Mittelstenscheid, Iohann Caspar, 27Moffett, Elizabeth, 1584Moffett, Elizabeth & Son, 1585Moffett, James Thomas, 1583-1585Moffett & Blackburn, 1584Morton Coal Co, 33Neale, Henry, 1381, 1801Neale, John, 208, 1382Nesbitt, John, 1176Overing, Thomas, 247Phillips, Edward, 247Phillips, Walter, 1783Picard, John, 210, 1067Pickering, David, 1830Pickering, James, 1832Poupard, E, 799precursor, 1377Proctor, Charles & Luke, 261Read, Joseph, 183Read, Samuel, 247Richardson, Joseph, 1490

Roberts, D L, 3195Roberts, Timothy, 244, 2380Rosal, Tomas, 1605Sangster, Elizabeth & John, 9Sangster, James, 214Schlesinger, M, 1180Sharples, B, 802Simpson, R, 736Skinner, William, 2066Snart, John, 210Sommers, Charles I, 215, 1392-1398Sparks, Treharne & Co, 802Springer Torsion Balance Co, 999Tallman, James, 1383-1384Thompson, J A, 763Troemner, Henry, 811Ubrig, E & Co, 1438Warren & Co, 152Webb, R W, 798Williams, Thomas III, 2082Wilson, I, 760, 904Wolschot, J F, 1295Young & Son, 800

"Trade Card, c.1765," 2471Trade Cards, comment on use, 1769"Trade Cards" (article by Weiss), 898-901Trade directories

Andrews (1789), 248Bailey's Western & Midland

1781, 19431783, 2013-2014

Baines1822, 1943Lancashire (1825), 2013-2014Liverpool (1822-27), 2013-2014Yorkshire (1822), 2013-2014

Baldwins (1770, 1772, 1783), 248Barfoot & Wilkes (1783, 1793), 248Birmingham (1780), 658Bisset's 1808, 1943Bordeaux (1820), 863Boston Almanac (1868, 1869, 1873), 666Boyles (1796), 248Colton's General Atlas of New York (1856), 1643Commercial [Manchester] (1814-15), 2013-2014Complete Guide (1763, 1768), 248Gores Liverpool

1774-1851, 20131807, 2003, 20131810, 2013-2014

Holdens Liverpool (1811), 2014Holdens Triennial (1805-7, 1809-11), 2014Kents (1760, 1800), 244Landale & Tod

1825, 22521827, 2252

Lewis' Liverpool (1790), 2013Lowndes (1774, 178l, 1792, 1797, 1799), 248McCorquodales Liverpool (1848), 2013Mortimers (1763), 248Paynes (1760, 1768, 1773, 1780), 248Pearson & Rollason (1780), 1943

Philadelphia City (1838-70), 2065Pigot & Slater's Liverpool (1843), 2013-2014Pigots

Commercial London & Provinces (1822-23), 2013Manchester (1818-20), 2013National Commercial London & Provinces (1830-

31, 1834), 2013Scotland & Provincial towns (1837), 2013-2014

Pigot's (1816, 1818, 1825), 1943Pyes (1797), 1943S Manchester (1843-51), 2013Scarse's Birmingham (1777), 1943Sketchley's Birmingham (1767), 1943Slater's

Manchester (1848), 2013-2014National Commercial of Ireland & important

English towns (1846), 2013-2014Royal National Commercial of Scotland &

important English towns (1852), 2013-2014Swinney's Birmingham (1774), 1943Triennial (1812), 1943Underhill's

(late Holden) London 1816 & 1817, 20131817, 1943

Universal…all…England & Wales1793, 1943n.d., 2013

Wakefields (1792), 248Woodward's Liverpool (1804), 2013Wrightsons (1815, 1821, 1828), 1943

Trade dollars, 648-649Trade label, Justice, 1290-1291Trade-label cleaning, 1270Trade sc

accuracy, 543definition, 7mkr

Anderson Brothers, 1448Avery, W & T, 1453Avery, W & T Ltd, 1448, 1451, 1453-1454Banfield, S Ltd, 1443Beach, Thomas, 1508, 1539, 1574Bennet, Thomas Moseley, 2006Braby, James, 1725Chatillon & Sons, 336Clarke, J & I, 1759Day & Millward, 1442, 1451Dutton & Moss, 2006Fairbanks & Co, 107, 109Fournel, Antoine, 858-863Garland, James & Co, 1590Gatchell, Samuel & Sons, 1777Herbert, Thomas, 1191-1202Herbert & Son Ltd, 1191-1202Jackson, E & Co, 1444Littlejohn, Arthur, 2006Longton & Harrison, 2006Magalhaens, J H de, 606Martin, Henry, 1444Nesbitt, John, 1455Parnall & Sons, 1452, 1454Parnall & Sons Ltd, 1447

Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 1443Rimmer, Richard, 2006Rollé & Schwilgué, 887Salter, 516, 518, 521-527Salter, Geo & Co, 1440Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G M B H, 844-847Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd, 1443Siddons, Joseph & Jesse Ltd, 1450Squyer, Oscar C, 1905Sutcliffe, H & Co, 1455Tacho-Schnellwaagen-Fabrik G m b H, 844-847Ubrig, E & Co, 1440White, John & Son, 1445White Bros & Co, 1445Wiseman, A, 1455Wright, Henry, 2002, 2006

retailerHetherington, R D D, 1447Smith & Stevenson, 1447Stirling, Alexander, 1447Thompson, G B & Co, 1726Ubrig, E & Co, 1440

steelyard, 321, 332, 334, 926, 1026, 1378see also counter sc; do'tchin; micrometer sc; pendulum

sc; platform sc; roberval sc; shop sc; spring balTrade scale, counting, 1452, 3504Trade token, Kirk, John, 896Trade transfer, 2220Trademark

angel & sc, 1448crowned star, 2480crowned star inside rectangle, 2480definition, 1218lion of St. Mark, 2520-2524, 2586-2587pig in basin, 1447royal crown, 2480

Trademark system, 1218Trades Description Act, 2035Trading function, definition, 1036Trading Standards Administration, 3160Trading wt systems, mediaeval, 1992-1995Trafford W, yarn bal patentee, 1176Training sc mkrs, 1388transaction money, 3226Transducer, 2215Transfer, restoration, 1319Transposition weighing, 246

definition, 340Travis (author), 1862Trayvou, 2480

second husband of Catenot, Widow, 1664successor of Catenot, Widow, 1664successor of Catenot-Béranger, 1664

"Treasures from the Mall" (article by Beyreis), 3393-3394Treasury, U S, 648-649Treasury Order

1714, 10601773, 496, 1079

Treatise of Weights Metrology & Measures of Scotland by Hunter (review), 189

Treatise on Weighing Machines Owen (review), 87, 134, 169, 189, 1809, 1815, 2092

Treff, Kelman, patentee, 307, 445Trencher bread, 1052Tresor de la Couronne' adjuster, Charpentier, 1623"Trial of the Pyx" (article by Crawforth D), 1435-1437Triangular leverage, platform sc, 888Tribo, C-spring mkr, 1876Trig loop see TumblerTrigger pressure scale, 2172Trigger pull gauge, 3500

made by Salter, 3499-3500Trigger tension tester, 2172Triner

candy sc mkr, 2101kitchen sc mkr, 1248Perfection kitchen sc, 1248postal sc mkr, 479, 1261-1262, 3028see also catalogue

Triner, J M, patentee, 479, 651Triner Scale & Mfg Co see catalogueTrip balance

Harvard, 3092-3096see also trip scale

Trip scalewith agate bearings, 3093analyzed, 3093butchers, 1591definition, 340, 3092description, 3092druggists, 78grocers, 1591Harvard, 3092-3096mkr

Bausch & Lomb, 3095Central Scientific, 3092-3093Chatillon, John & Sons, 1591Eimer & Amend, 3095Fairbanks & Co, 109, 3092Fisher Scientific, 3095Franklin Educational Co, 3093Newark Scale Works, 3095Ohaus Scale Corp., 3094-3095Penn Scale Mfg Co Inc, 647Thomas, Arthur H, 3095Troemner, Henry, 3092Welch, W M Mfg Co, 3094-3095

modifications of, 3093patentee

Kopp, Reinhold A, 3093-3094Sachse, Herman Paul, 3093-3094Stevens, Frederick M, 3095

sensibility, 3093shop, 647, 1591, 2229

Trip scale, 2229, 2230, 2257, 2603, 3092-3096"Trip to Malta" (article by Boogaard), 864-868Triple purpose scale, 2169-2170Tripod stand, 547, 1196, 1392, 1396, 1584, 2338-2339Troemner

bowling ball sc mkr, 3173-3174yarn cut balance, 3403-3404

Troemner (query by Cohn), 1643Troemner, Henry, 2628, 3116

advert 1856, 1643

American ccd mkr, 2061American sc mkr, 157, 417, 1020, 1101, 1170, 1276,

1701, 3116apothecary sc mkr, 811assay sc mkr, 811, 1643, 2498assay wt mkr, 2530baby sc mkr, 2660bank sc mkr, 811, 1020, 1643berangèr mkr, 811, 1643, 1939-1940berangèr sc mkr, 811, 1643, 1939, 1940bowling ball sc mkr, 3173, 3174bullion bal mkr, 811, 1020, 1939butchers sc mkr, 1643butter print sc mkr, 2655candy sc mkr, 2101chemical bal mkr, 1101coin sc mkr, 1020counter sc mkr, 1643, 1721-1722cream test sc mkr, 2662druggists sc mkr, 1643, 2051egg sc mkr, 416-417, 1276gold sc mkr, 811, 1643grocers sc mkr, 1643Harvard trip balance mkr, 3092locksmith, working at Girard College, 2628Mint sc mkr, 1020, 3124Old Advert, 1020paper sc mkr, 1701partner in Meyers & Co, 2061pharmacy sc mkr, 2187planchet sc mkr, 3124platform sc mkr, 811, 1643post office sc mkr, 1643roberval sc mkr, 1101shop sc mkr, 811steelyard mkr, 1701, 1721-1722successor of Meyers & Co, 2061trade card, 811trip balance mkr, 3092trip sc mkr, 3092working at Girard College, 2628working with Meyers, 2628wts mkr, 811, 1592, 1643, 1930, 1936, 1940yarn sc mkr, 1170, 3403-3404see also catalogue

Troemner, Henry & Co, bullion bal mkr, 157Troemner least current weights mkr, 3124Troemner Planchet scale mkr, 3124

weights for, 3124Trombone, steelyard, 1029Tron weighing, 2016Trone wt, 1075Trotter, John, inventor of platform sc made by Haas, I B,

695-696Troughton, Edward


Troughton & Simmsemployed Read, Frederick Stanley, 2076employer of Francis, 2080precision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822

see also catalogueTroughton & Simms see Cooke, Troughton & SimmsTrout, Joseph, father of Trout, Thomas, 1732Trout, Thomas

apprentice of Astill, William, 1732son of Trout, Joseph, 1732

Trowbridge, Charlesapprentice of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1730, 1739master of Randall, Charles Henry, 1739partner of Kington, John, 1730trained with Kington, John, 1730

Troy grain, adoption of, 1989Troy ounce, adoption of, 1989"Troy Pound Mystery" (article by Graham), 390-394Troy weights see weights, denomination, troyTrue Balance bowling ball scale, 3176-3177Trumpet end

definition, 172, 340see also beam end shapes

Trussel, postal sc retailer, 933Truth, definition, 340Tryers' wts, 1038Tsien, wts see weights, denominationTsugi sao bakari see steelyardTsuno sao bakari see steelyardTubular, beam, 1293Tubular spring bal see Spring bal, tubularTucker, Richard, coin sc mkr, 499, 502Tumbler, definition, 194, 340Tumbril see cruciform rockerTurga, assay mark, 2838-2839"Turin Coin Scale" (article), 2356Turkish

béranger shop, 485ccd, 190-191coin steelyard, 1028numerals, definition, 191sc

mkrHizar Terazzi, 485Yekeri, 645-646

steelyards, 645-646wts see weights, nationalitysee also weights, nationality, Ottoman

Turkish cruciform rocker, 2569Turn

definition, 340, 1027double, 1624-1625movable poise, definition, 1027

Turn, 375, 379, 383Turn-over beam see swivelling beamTurn-over of apprentices, 1741Turn-over poise, 1279-1281, 3379-3381

pendulum sc, 1650, 3379-3381with knives, 3379-3381

Turn over steelyarddate, incorrect, 1302definition, 340see also steelyard

Turn over wts see weight, shapeTurnbull

American sc mkr, 877, 3382-3392

half-roberval & spring, 981, 3382, 3386-3387, 3391patentee, 981, 3382-3392shop sc mkr, 981, 3382-3392see also Steedman, James; Turnbull, Andrew

Turnbull, Andrew, 3382-3392biography, 3382dates, 3382family scale advert, 3391-3392family scale box, 3392family scale box label, 3392family scale decal, 3390hanging scales of, 3383, 3388liquid weighing box scale, 3389-3390market scale advert, 3391patentee with Steedman, James, 3386, 3390patents of, 3382-3392platform scale, 3385, 3390postal scales of, 3384, 3388-3389scales of, 3382-3392

face styles, 3382-3392spring scales of, 3382-3392

Turnbull factory, 3160Turnbull scale

made by Landers, Frary & Clark, 3382-3392sold by Lee-Clark-Andreesen Hardware, 3391-3392sold by Montgomery Ward, 3392sold by Sears Roebuck, 3392sold by Simmons Hardware, 3392sold by Union Hardware & Metal, 3392sold by William Frankfurth Hardware, 3392

Turner, John Thomasapprentice of Bassingham, Samuel, 1731dates, 1731son of Turner, Samuel, 2939

Turner, Richardauthor, 498, 1796obituary, 542

Turner, Samuel Seniorbismar mkr, 1030, 2936-2940bottle wts mkr, 755candlestick postal sc mkr, 1514, 3127dates, 388, 662egg & letter sc, 381, 415, 1263egg sc, 373-374, 381, 415patent, 1021postal sc mkr, 133, 380-381, 388, 481-482, 568, 663,

691, 755, 821, 943, 1021, 1030, 1254, 1263, 2514, 2936-2940, 3127

retailerAvery, W & T, 2940B W W B, 2940Benetfinck & Co, 2940Day & Millward, 2940Heath, John, 2940Houghton & Gunn, 2940Houlston, 2940Pooley & Son, 2940Reynolds & Chilton, 2940Wilcock, C & Son, 2940Windle & Blyth, 755Wright, George & Co, 2940

S T S trade mark, 380, 2938, 3127

subcontracted, 821, 1360Turnpike Act, 655Turnpike Act of 1741, 3448

tolls based on weight, 3448Turpin-Bremal

bought by Béranger, Joseph, 1664French sc mkr, 1664

Turpinsforeman Béranger, Joseph, 1663French sc mkr, 1663

Turvey, Williamapprentice of Bate, Richard, 1736apprentice of Freeman, Samuel II, 1736

Tweezers, 210, 247, 476Tweezers with shovel, 476Twenty-two shilling piece, definition, 1043Twine, Joseph

apprentice of Wenborn, Robert, 1738date, 1738

Two knife bal see Substitution balTwo-penny Post, 1226Two Thousand Jaar Gewichten in de Nederland by Wittop-

koning & Houben (review), 355Two Thousand Years of Nested Cup-weights by Houben

(review), 738Tysen see TysonTyson, Cornelius, 3220-3229

coinweight box owner, 3220-3229grave of, 3221

inscription on, 3221will of, 3221

Tyson, I Markley, 3220Tyson, Jacob, American wt mkr, 1047Tyson, Reiner or Reynier, 3221

UU in crescent moon mastersign, Luginbühl, Ulrich, 1867U K Primary Standards, 1156"U S Candy Scales" article, 2101-2102U S Census records, 2096U S P O

first sc, 1047sc, 1017, 1047

mkrHaberson, Benjamin, 1047Yarnell, Ellis, 1047

wts, 1047see also American Post Office; U S Postal System

U S Patent & Trademark Depository, 2099U S postal system

letter from Carley, 1017letter from Ifshin, 1047see also American Post Office; U S P O

U S Standards of W & M Their Creation & Creators by Frazier (review), 102

U U design, platform sc, 723U V design, platform sc, 724U W f see Ubrig, Emil & CoUbrig, E & Co see catalogue, Ubrig, E & Co 1892Ubrig, Emil

candlestick sc patentee, 622-633, 3133coin operated sc mkr, 2455

coin operated sc patentee, 2455-2456flexure spring patent, 1908kitchen sc mkr, 765, 958, 1889, 1909parcel sc mkr, 623, 1261patentee in G B, 517, 623spring bal mkr, 517, 623, 958, 1438, 3133

Ubrig, Emil & Coanimal sc mkr, 1439candlestick sc mkr, 622-623, 3133dates, 1438dynamometer mkr, 1439E U trade mark, 1890family sc mkr, 1889German sc mkr, 1438making for export, 1890parcel sc mkr, 1439person sc mkr, 1439, 1706, 2455postal sc mkr, 1439postal sc retailers, 1438-1440spring bal mkr, 1438, 3133spring bal retailer, 1438-1440trade card, 1438trade sc mkr, 1440trade sc retailer, 1440U W f trade-mark, 1439see also catalogue, Ubrig, E & Co 1892

Ubrig, Heinrich Carl Christian see Ubrig, Emil & CoUbrig's Waagen-fabrik Gebr

Ubrigcandlestick sc mkr, 3133German sc mkr, 1438spring bal mkr, 1438, 3133

Ultra micro baldefinition, 3see also Precision bal

Under & over sc, definition, 341UnderWood, Reporter Co, American retailer, 995Unequal-arm beam, 1547, 2177Unequal arm sc, 224, 227, 231, 257-258, 1133, 2177, 2711-

2718coin, 2711-2712definition, 341dental, 2711-2712egg, 378-384, 414-415, 1973English, 2711German, 2711laboratory, 872mkr

Beach, Thomas, 2711Fairbanks & Co, 1918White Mfg Co, 1973

with no moving pivots, 2711photographers, 1918postal, 1649with proportional wts (contracting machine), 655-658,

698ratio, 2711reversible, 1918sovereign, 1039with turn-over poises, 1974with weights, 2711

Uniform Postal Act of 1840, British, 3026, 3316

Uniform System of marking wts, 1961Union Fire Office, 1785Union Mill, wts user, 1116Union sc, 86, 514, 1592, 1807, 1835-1840, 1877-1878

definition, 1808mathematics of, 1877mkr

Avery, W & T, 1838Chatillon, John & Sons, 1592Fairbanks & Co, 86, 1807, 1836, 1838Garland, James & Co, 1840Howe Scale Co, 901Robert, D L, 514, 1878

objections, 1835-1840patent, 1878use in 1992, 1840

"Union Scale"article by Cheeseman, 1837-1838article by Knights, 1838article by Stein, T, 1807-1815response by Newall, 1877

Unique egg see Speciality Mfg CoUnit 1, mark on wts, definition, 331Unite see weights, denomination, uniteUnited States Torsion Balance & Scale Co

American sc mkr, 997dates, 997succeeded by Springer Torsion Balance Co, 997successors of Torsion Balance & Scale Co, 997

United Yeast Co Ltd, bread, sc mkr, 1089Univ Oxon (Oxford University), 1929Universal Cambrist by Kelly (review), 188Universal Postal Union, 353Universal Trade name, Kahlert Mfg Co, 1314"Unknown CCD" (article by Newman), 2759-2765"Unpatented American Counterfeit Coin Detectors" (article

by Mallis), 2059-2066Unstable weighbeam see Accelerating beam"Unusual 1640s Coin Scale" (article by Biggs &

Vangroenweghe), 1549-1552Ur Maul trade name, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1660US Census, 3200US Coin Scales and Mechanical Counterfeit Coin

Detectors (review), 2411-2412US Coinage Act of Apr. 2, 1792, 2536US Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, 3319US Dept of Agriculture, 3422US Dollar weights, 2402, 2445

marked BP, 2402marked F & S, 2445marked FS, 2445

US Machine & Invention Co, 2426-2427US Patent & Trademark Office, 2427"US Patents 1837-1865" (article by Willard & Crawforth-

Hitchins), 2663-2671"US Patents 1866-1870" (article by Willard & Crawforth-






Hitchins), 2840-2844"US Patents 1886-1888" (article by Willard & Berning),

2868-2871"US Patents 1889" (article), 2900"US Patents 1890" (article), 2928USDA, 3422Use of scales, 3315-3317Usines de la Mulatière, 2480Utilia see Perfas

VV I D see weights, denomination, sixpenceV I D ANGEL, on wts, 1355V I D IR M BRIT, on wts, 1355V R crowned, 21

monarchs' marks, 20V R W, mark on wts, 122V S see weights, denomination, crown; weights,

denomination, half-angel; weights, denomination, laurel

V S CAROL REX, on wts, 1355V S VI D

on coin wts, 1014see also weights, denomination, crown; weights,

denomination, half-angelV spring bal

date, 468, 494definition, 341see also spring bal, V

V-spring mkrC G, 1874E H, 1875F H, 1875I crowned, 1875I L, 1875J B G, 1875L B & flower, 1875Le Termelier A G T E, 1875Lisicaux, 1875O L B, 1875P F, 1875Régnier, 2231Samon, 1875

V V design, platform sc, 657, 693Vacua

functions for, 2592laboratory bal by Sartorius, 2542-2547, 2591, 2592,

2597Vacuum bal mkr

Oertling, Ludwig, 2080Sartorius, 2542-2547, 2591

Vacuum weighing, reasons for, 2592-2593Vaid, DL, Indian sc mkr, 2420Val-U-Scale, 2449-2450Valent's, "Collecting European Coin-Scales" (article),

2395-2400Valette fils, patentee, 1370, 1374Van Berkel see Berkel

Van Coppenol, Jan, 3209-3210, 3220-3229coin sc mkr, 3209-3210, 3220-3229

mark of, 3226, 3228weight mkr, 3227-3228

van Eyck,Jan, Flemish painter, 3453-3454Van Reymerswaele, Marinus, painter, 2395Vancouver Importing Co, egg sc retailer, 1279Vandenbergh, E T, patentee, 454Vandome, 2438

bankers sc mkr, 592coin sc mkr, 592diamond sc mkr, 592grain sc mkr, 592paper sc mkr, 592weighing machine mkr, 592wts mkr, 592

Vandome, Richard, 392, 592, 2857-2858apprentice of Moffett, James, 1585coin sc mkr, 1734dates, 592employed Driver, John Samuel, 1734master of Bastick, Richard (not Thomas), 1734master of Driver, John Samuel, 1734master of Gore, Thomas Hunsdon, 1734owner of Standard Troy pound, 391-392partner of Blackburn, John I, 1734postal sc mkr, 2857-2860sc mkr, 3089succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co, 1734successor of Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734

Vandome, Richard & Cocoin sc mkr, 1734dates, 1734succeeded by Vandome, Richard, 1734successors of Vandome & New, 1734

Vandome, Titfords & Co, 592, 2159dates, 592, 1731grain sc mkr, 1734succeeded by Titfords & Co, 1734successors of Vandome, Richard, 1734see also catalogue

Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 2314dates, 1734paper sc mkr, 1692, 1703-1704succeeded by Vandome & Hart Ltd, 1734successors of Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 1734successors of Williams, William & Sons, 1731

Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 592, 2314, 2857, 2859dates, 1734diamond sc mkr, 1734retailer Vaid, D L, 2314succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1734successors of Titford & Co, 1734Vandome, Richard & Titford, William & Titford,

Arthur & Pawson, Henry, 1734Vandome & Blackburn, Vandome, Richard & Blackburn,

John I, 1734Vandome & Co, 592

combined with Hart, David & Co, 1730dates, 592successors of New & Co, 1734

Vandome & Hart

successor of Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 3318successor of Poupard, Thomas James, 1737

Vandome & Hart Ltd, 392, 592, 2129Arbiter, 1704dates, 1730half owned by Corderoy, Edward, 1733paper sc mkr, 1690, 1692, 1704succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1730, 1734succeeded by Herbert & Sons Ltd, 2129successors of Hart, David & Co, 1730, 1734successors of Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 1730successors of Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1734see also catalogue

Vandome & Newsucceeded by Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734Vandome, Richard & New, William, 1734

Vangroenweghe & Biggs' "Unusual 1640s Coin Scale" (article), 1549-1552

Vangroenweghe & Geldof's Pondera Medicinalia (1989) (review), 1297-1299

Vardy see Dixon & VardyVariable beam steelyard, 339, 341, 409, 454, 480, 530, 758,

1029Variable poise, Prutscher A, 1029Variety Works, counter steelyard mkr, 2884-2891"The Variety Works Scale, an American Puzzle" (article by

Beare), 2884-2891Vaughton, Christopher, 246

apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1737dates, 1737master of Baverstock, George, 1737master of Smith, Joseph, 1737

Velthoenpostal scale, 3230-3234

damper on, 3231dates of, 3230-3234dials on, 3231features of, 3231prototypes, 3230-3232types, 3230-3234

in Roterdam, 3230steelyard scale, 3234working with Bosch, J N, 3230-3231

Velvet, brown & cream, 1507Vendome & Hart Ltd, 2129Venema (1862), reprint, 65Venema (author), 65Venot, C-spring mkr, 1876Vents, definition, 137, 138Verein zur Beförderung des Gewerbefleiβes in Preuβen

(1875), 2272, 2276Verification, 136-138, 713-716

document, 1342Verification marks, 27, 237, 250, 2995-2997

APCIO, 2996articles by Biggs, 1891-1896, 1924-1930, 1955-1961,

1977-1983, 2031-2037articles by Crawforth, 20-24, 43-48, 67-72, 85, 90-96definition, 341German, 3380-3381Giralda, 2995Hortyz, 2995

lead plug, 1343lead seal, 1159, 1343lead strip, 3381moulded, 1159obliteration, 260, 294, 297Orkney, 1344-1345OTZ, 2996on pewter, 1343-1344sand-blasted, 1159Spanish, 2995-2997wood plug, 1159

Verification of wtsby Lindsey C C, 1341-1343by Plumbers Co, 581, 583by police, 1160

Vermeer's painting, Woman holding a Balance, 742Vermont Expo Fairgrounds, 3071, 3074Vermont Historical Society, 2191Vernier graduations, 235-236Vertex Industries Inc

dairy sc, 1000dates, 1000dial-reading sc, 1000electronic analytical sc, 1000, 1003electronic top-loading sc, 1000, 1003high capacity analytical sc, 1000optical projection sc, 1000prescription sc, 1000substitution bal, 1003successors of Becker, Christian Inc, 1000Torbal Division, 1000

Veteran Scales & Balances by Jewell (review), 139, 189Vibrating beam, 2603

definition, 341, 2603see also Accelerating beam

Vibrating counter roberval sc, Day & Millward, 1442Vibrating counter sc, 2470Vibrating inverted roberval sc, Avery, W & T Ltd, 1453Vibrating sc, 289Vickery, C

postal sc retailers, 1407spring bal retailer, 1407

Victor, trade mark see TrinerVictoria I, coinage, 915Victoria wts see weight, shapeVictorian letter sc see Postal scVieweg (author), 749Vikings, weighing practices, 1326Vincent, James

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1732coin sc mkr, 1729connection with Vincent, Robert III?, 1732dates, 1733partner of Chancellor, Thomas, 1733partner of Vincent, Robert II, 1733sc mkr, 3088son of Vincent, Robert II (line omitted), 1732succeeded by Vincent & Chancellor, 1733successor of Vincent, R & I, 1733

Vincent, R & Iinspectors sc mkr, 1733succeeded by Vincent, James, 1733

successors of Vincent, Robert II, 1733Vincent, Robert II & Vincent, James, 1733

Vincent, Robert & Soncoin sc mkr, 1733dates, 1733succeeded by Vincent, Robert II, 1733successors of Vincent, Robert I, 1733Vincent, Robert I & Vincent, Robert II, 1733

Vincent, Robert Idate, 1733father of Vincent, Robert II, 1733member of Haberdashers Co, 1727partner of Vincent, Robert II, 1733succeeded by Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733

Vincent, Robert IIcoin sc mkr, 208dates, 1730, 1732father of Vincent, James (line omitted), 1732master of Allmond, George, 1729, 1732master of Chancellor, Thomas, 1729, 1733master of Dutton, James, 1729, 1733master of Leveritt, William, 1740master of Lewis, William, 1729, 1733master of Partridge, John, 1729, 1732master of Passer, Henry, 1732master of Reynolds, Joseph, 1729, 1733master of Ridgard, Joseph, 1729, 1733master of Skinner, William, 1729, 2066master of Snart, Charles, 1729, 1730master of Vincent, James, 1729, 1732partner of Vincent, James, 1733partner of Vincent, Robert I, 1733son of Vincent, Robert I, 1733succeeded by Vincent, R & I, 1733sucessor of Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733

Vincent, Robert IIIconnection with Vincent, James?, 1732dates, 1732succeeded by Vincent, Thomas, 1732

Vincent, Thomasdates, 1732sc & wts mkr, 1732successor of Vincent, Robert III, 1732

Vincent & Chancellorcoin sc mkr, 1733dates, 1733succeeded by Dutton & Smith, 1733successor of Vincent, James, 1733

Vinci, L de, inventor, 572-574Violet, Thomas, coin wts mkr, 1013Violette, Larry, 3071Violin shaped cases see boxViolin wts see weight, shape, violinVirginia Company, 3211Virginia W & M, 1136Visser, Jaap & Ronny, 3228Visser's, "Harrison ccd" (letter), 446"Vive la Diffèrence" (article by Knights), 2438-2441Vizer, Thomas, paperer for George Washington, 2536Vocabulary, 2571Vogt see Klippert, Vogt & WeilandVoland & Sons, assay bal mkr, 2498

Volume to weight, medium of choice, 3148Volumetric measure, bushel, 989Von der Nahmer, retailer for Salter, 2240Vorley's Arabic Glass wts, 160-162

W"W & L E Gurley Troy, NY" (article by Beyreis), 2964-

2966W & M see Weights & MeasuresW & M regulations

1878, 1835-18361907, 961

W & T A see Avery, W & TW & T Avery Ltd, jewellers bal mkr, 1457W C

engraver, 1013mark on wts, 1013wts, 638

W Epossibly E W, 1907postal sc mkr, 1907see also EW

W F Stimpson Co, Mi sc mkr, 3034W IV lion mark (York), 1928W L, Irish coin wts mkr?, 1824W R crowned, 24W T (Tongue, William), 1508Waage, word first used in Germany, 641Waddy, William, steelyard mkr or owner?, 1791Wade (author), 169Wade, John, coin wt mkr, 1043Wade, Thomas

apprentice of Freeman, Samuel II, 1737dates, 1737master of Pixley, Thomas II, 1737

Wage, word last used in Germany, 641Wage's, "Treating Rust" (letter), 280Waggon sc mkr (for use on), Chatillon, John & Sons, 1596Waggon weighing, 655Wagner see Koch, Fuge & WagnerWagner, C Ernst

dates, 1921German sc mkr, 1921succeeded by Wagner & Co, 1921successors of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921

Wagner, Deborah Jean, biography, 3096Wagner, Ernst Karl, owner of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921Wagner & Co

dates, 1921German sc mkr, 1921owned by Schut, Ludwig, 1921successor of Wagner, C Ernst, 1921successors of Koch, C Ernst, 1921

Wagstaffe, Thomas, exporter, 1491-1493Wainscot box see box, MUBWakefield mark, 1960Wakeman's horn (Ripon mark), 1972Walborn, H I, 3246Walker

hydrostatic sc designer, 1033moving load sc inventor, 1033

Walker, A & Co Ltd

self indicating sc mkr, 709shop sc mkr, 709

Walker, Catherinedates, 1737succeeded by Candle, George, 1737successor of Walker, Edward, 1737widow of Walker, Edward, 1737

Walker, Driver & Sonssuccessors of Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733successors of Walker, Jonathan & Son, 1733

Walker, Driver & Warmishamat same address as Allchin, Henry & Co Ltd, 1733at same address as Miles & Co, 1733succeeded by Walker, Driver & Sons, 1733successors of Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733

Walker, Edwardapprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1737dates, 1737husband of Walker, Catherine, 1737succeeded by Walker, Catherine, 1737

Walker, geologists sc designer, 1033Walker, Jonathan

1826-69, 1733succeeded by Walker, Jonathan & Son, 1733

Walker, Jonathan & Sondates, 1733succeeded by Walker, Driver & Sons, 1733successors of Walker, Jonathan, 1733

Walking stick sc, 298Wall-mounted sc, 1657, 1692Waller, postal sc retailers, 938Walley, coin sc retailer, 282Wallingford Historical Society, 3162-3164Walter, Hubert (distributor of W & M), 1891Walton, Christopher, dates, 1723Walzman Farm, successor to Bedell Farm, 3081-3082"Wandering Weights" (article by Knights), 1341-1345Wapentake, division of county, 1924Ward (division of county), 1925Ward, Callingwood

coin sc mkr, 496, 500-502, 1066, 1508coin wts mkr, 1062, 1066, 1508dates, 1508

Ward, Montgomery & Co, egg sc mkr, 383-384, 1279, 1282

Ward, T Hcrane weigher patentee, 1931patentee, 1931

Warden of Standards, started 1866, 2076"Wardmote Inquest" (article by Pyne), 729Warehouse sc

mkrBourne & Smith, 136Chatillon, John & Sons, 333, 337Fairbanks, 109, 992Fairbanks & Co, 86, 107, 992Marriott, Henry, 1883

spring, 333-337steelyard, 109see also Platform sc, warehouse

Waren, Josephalso spelled Warren, 1508


Warmisham, Cocksedge & Codates, 1733successors of Cocksedge & Co, 1733successors of Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733

Warmisham, Samuelapothecary sc mkr, 1733shops in London & Ipswich, 1733succeeded by Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733successor of Dougall, R, 1733

Warmisham & Shepherddate, 1733succeeded by Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733succeeded by Warmisham, Cocksedge & Co, 1733successors of Warmisham, Samuel, 1733

Warner, Deborah Jean, 2239, 3096, 3098Warner, John, dates, 1726Warner, Thomas

collaborator with Henry, Solomon, 1723date, 1723

Warner's, "The Harvard Trip Scale" (article), 3092-3096Warp see cloth scWARRANTED CURRENT WEIGHT, on coin wts, 1127-

1132Warren, James

coin sc retailer, 1845dates, 1845I W mark on wts, 1845I W silver mark, 1845J W J entwined, mark on wts, 501, 1845J W silver mark, 1845master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755, 1845official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755weights, mkr, J W J, 501-502wts, 499, 502, 560-561

Warren, Joseph see Waren, JosephWarren & Co, gold sc retailer, 152Washburn, A L, coin operated sc patentee, 2457Washington, George (US President), 2536Wastage, definition, 1690Wastel bread, 1052Wata bakari see steelyardWatch fob, advertising, 3313Water as medium of choice in volume weight conversion,

3148Water wts see weights, purpose, hydrostaticalWaterloo Market Square, Amsterdam, 3444Waterlow, Sydney H

A frame on roberval scale, 3002-3003addresses, 2998-2999advertisement of, 3000as apprentice, 2998apprenticed to Harrison, Thomas, 2998banker's scale retailer, 2999-3000, 3005-3006, 3188printer, 2998

outlets of, 2998-2999retailer for DeGrave, 2999-3000retailer for Mordan, 2999-3000retailer for Ratcliff, 2999-3000retailer for Winfield, 2999-3000skeleton balance retailer, 2999-3002

soverign sc retailer, 2999-3000Winfield candlestick retailer, 2999-3000

Waterlow & Bros, succeeded by Waterlow Bros & Layton, 3002

Waterlow & SonsA frame postal, W & S frame on, 3003-3004, 3006bank scale, 3000, 3002-3005

box-ends on, 3000, 3002cord lift on, 3000, 3002description of, 3000, 3002feet on, 3000, 3002

bank scale retailers, 3000, 3002-3005candlestick scale retailers, 2999-3000dial-face postal sc retailer, 3003encased roberval sc retailer, 3003half-roberval sc retailer, 3003half-roberval with hanging pan, 3003-3006hanging pan sc retailer, 3003parcel sc retailer, 1486, 3003-3004, 3006postal sc retailers, 1480, 1486retailers for DeGrave, 2999-3000retailers for Mordan, S & Co, 2998retailers for Ratcliff, J & E, 2998retailers for Salter, 3003-3006retailers for Winfield, 2999-3000roberval sc retailer, 3003sc made by Mordan, S & Co, 2998sc made by Ratcliff, Edmund, 1486-1487, 2998succeeded by Waterlow & Bros, 3002

"Waterlow & Sons" (article by Thomas), 2998-3006Waterlow Bros & Layton, 3002

retailer for Mordan, 3002successors of Waterlow & Sons, 3002

Waterman, Albert G, 3110, 3114-3115American scale mkr, 3110, 3113-3114census findings, 3114partner to Buckelew, John D, 3110-3118scale mkr, 3110-3118see also Buckelew & Waterman

Watkins, billhead, 3346Watkins, Francis II, apprentice to Smith, Addison, 3345Watkins, J C & Fidler, M & J, patentee, 566Watkins & Fidler, 565-566Watkins & Hill


Watkins & Smith, spectaclemakers, 3346Watling, John, 2458Watling, Tom, 2458

coin operated sc patentee, 2452Watling Mfg Co, 143, 2458Watson, R, patentee, 539-540Watson, Richard R

dates, 3200occupations of, 3200patent assignee, 3199-3200

Watson, Robertbrass founder, 1715brassfounder, 1715inspectors sc mkr, 1586, 1714iron founder, 1715

round sight-hole shears mkr, 1586, 1714scientific instrument mkr, 1714watch mkr, 1715

Watson, Thomas J., 2206Watson,Henry, 3295

tool design for cutting marble, 3295tool design for grinding marble, 3295tool design for polishing marble, 3295

Watt, James, 2372instrument mkr, 1304, 1310inventor & engineer, 1118Lunar Society, 1120see also Boulton & Watt

"The Way We Were-The Way It Is" (article by Maistros), 2804-2807

Waymaster, egg scale by, 3188Weaver, H M

postal scale description, 2512-2513, 2585-2586postal scale mkr, 2512-2513, 2585-2586

Weaver, Henry M., patentee, 2511, 2512-2513, 2585-2586Weavers' Co


Webb, ?, partner of Skinner, Henry, 1736Webb, Richard & Co

dates, 1733successors of Webb, Richard William, 1733

Webb, Richard Williamapprentice of Nicholl, William Lewis, 1733assay sc mkr, 798dates, 1730diamond sc mkr, 798master of Mattocks, Charles Meares, 1731master of Stanway, Thomas, 1733master of Stoddart, James, 1730at same address as Stanway, Thomas, 1733succeeded by Webb, Richard & Co, 1733trade card, 798weghing machine mkr, 798wts mkr, 798

Webb, William Adates, 1738egg sc mkr, 410, 416-417employed by DeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1738succeeded by Webb, W A Ltd, 1738

Webb, William A Ltddates, 1738egg sc mkr, 905succeeded by Oertling, L Ltd, 1738successors of Webb, William A, 1738

Webb & Skinnerdates, 1736successors of Peck, John, 1730, 1746Webb ? & Skinner, Henry, 1736wts mkr, 1450

Webb'sLondon Apprentices vol 21 Founders' Co 1643-1800

(review), 2355London Apprentices vol 22 Armourers' & Braziers'Co

1640-1800 (review), 2355Weber, Jules Henri, patentee, 1370Weber, T A, coin operated sc patentee, 2457

Weber,Mathiasbiography, 3459-3460Chicago Scale Co, 3460founder Continental Scale Works, 3460US Patentee, 3459-3460working at Chicago Scale Co, 3460working at Continental Scale Works, 3460working at Heller, Charles & Co, 3459-3460working at NY City Wts & Measures, 3459-3460working at Osgood Scale Co, 3459-3460

Website, useful(The Peirce Edition Project)

http://www.iupui.edu/Peirce/, 3148Esp@cenet, 3190http://cnum.cnam.fr/fSER/4KY28.html, 3195http://depatisnet.dpma.de, 3190http://www.babelfish.altavista.com/translate.dyn, 3234http://www.earlyofficemuseum.com, 3477http://www.espacenetcom/index.en.htm, 3190http://www.HeritageQuest.com, 3138http://www.historicjamestowne.org, 3213, 3219http://www.homeprideflour.co.uk, 3376http://www.internetiff.com/InterneTIFF/Try.htm, 2883http://www.jamesburg.net/jha/history7.html, 3117http://www.jamesburg.net/jha/savehistory/

historyprofile.html, 3114, 3117http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/08/euwl/

ho1975.1.110.htm, 3016http://www.mlloyd.org/gen/lloyd/text/mblloyd.htm,

3515http://www.pickwickmill.org, 3446-3447http://www.ProQuest.com, 3138http://www.seacatch.com/flyhome.htm, 3266US Patent Office, 2648-2649, 2883

directions for use, 2883www.all-art.org, 3454www.ancestry.com, 2890, 3117www.apva.org, 3219www.bowl.com, 3178www.bowlingmuseum.com, 3178www.CharlesBrownPhoto.com, 3319www.Fairbanks.com, 3317www.flowerdew.org, 3219www.geneology.com, 2890www.gmvv.org, 3482www.Hustontown.com, 3178www.isasc.com, 3073www.isasc.org, 3281www.jayhawkbowling.com/proshop.html, 3178www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/genealogy/parker/

thomasparker.htm, 3507www.metmuseum.org, 3454www.muntstukken.be, 3229www.oldbaileyonline.org, 3085www.oldwwmachines.com, 2968, 2970www.tenpinbowling.org, 3178www.uspto.gov, 2883, 2899www.wikimedia.com, 3454www.wikipedia.com, 3281www.wtxweb.com, 3255

Website, usWeb site, useful, www.bowlingmuseum.com, 3178

Webster, J, patentee, 425, 547, 549"Webster Scale" (article reprint), 3020Webster Scale Manufacturing Co, 3020Wedderburn, Frederick

date, 1730shop sc mkr, 1730

Wedderburn, G A, bread, sc mkr, 1089Wedderburn, Harriet


Wedderburn, J, patentee, 275-276, 621Wedderburn, J & Co, date, 1730Wedderburn, J & Son, date, 1730Wedderburn, Jabez I

apprentice of Nicholl, William Lewis (line omitted), 1730

dates, 1730Wedderburn, Jabez II, date, 1730Wedderburn, James, date, 1730Wedderburn, James W, date, 1730Wedderburn, R & Sons, date, 1730Wedderburn, Robert, date, 1730Wedderburn, Robert Grove, date, 1730Wedderburn family, 1744Wedgewood, Josiah, 2238Wedgwood

plaques, 681, 939Mordan, Sampson & Co, 1454

plate mkr, 1454pottery, 298, 2232queensware, 2232wts see weights, material, earthenware

Wedgwood, Josiah, Lunar Society, 1120Weeks, Thomas, 2451

person sc mkr, 694Weerasinghe, B E & Banks, J, 704

postal sc patentee, 704Weft see cloth scWeger, William T, working for Reinhardt, Charles, 3138Wegermuff, C-spring mkr, 1876Wehman, G A & P's, "Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1"

(article), 2131-2140Wehman, George Anna, biography, 2100, 2140Wehman, Phil, biography, 2100, 2140Wehman's

"Mystery Scale" (article), 2582-2584"The Evocative Scale Queen" (article), 2340-2343"The Mysterious Hoadley Scale" (article), 2097-2100

Weigel, Christoff, engraver, 304-305Weigh-beam

public, 1567see also Beams

Weigh-house, 2415-2419Glamorganshire Canal, 2417

scale in, 2417times used, 2417

Somerset Coal Canal, 2415-2419dates, 2417size, 2417

Weigh Master, markets, 730Weigh scoop, 3234

mkr, Hartley, V & N Ltd, 3234

patentee, Gilfillan, 2923patents, 492, 2924

Weigh-Tronix, 3255Weighbeam, 2284-2285, 2347Weighbridge, 32, 44, 75-76, 1664, 2211-2212, 2283, 2355,

2677-2678, 3440-3441, 3448-3452agricultural, 1022, 2355compound lever, 2417definition, 341knackers, 978mkr

Avery, W & T Ltd, 978, 3440-3441, 3448-3452Béranger, Joseph, 1664Béranger & Cie, 1664Bondeli, Johann Emanuel, 721Cadwick, 656Eayre, Joseph, 659Fairbanks, E & T, 723Fairbanks, Thaddeus, 2283-2286, 2344-2349Kitchen, Richard, 725Newman, J, 1519Pooley, Henry, 724-725Quintenz, Friedrich Alois, 721Salter, 543Wyatt, John, 656, 693, 2211, 2417-2418, 3448-

3452Yeoman, Thomas, 659, 660

patentee, Edgell, James, 661principle of, 2212public use of, 2355spring, 543testing, 714, 2678tickets, 2355, 2678using, 2678see also platform sc; Platform sc

Weighbridges, modern, 3452"Weighbridges Made by John Wyatt & W & T Avery

Ltd"(article by Govier), 3448-3452Weigher & Stamper of Money Wts, 496, 498

Field, John, 1126Weighing

in air, commercial practice of, 2219, 3448approximate, 719definition, 342inclined, 1995-1997, 2016instruments, definition, 22level-beam, 2016scientific & technical, 2218-2219tare, 2017tron, 2016weys, 2016

Weighing & Measuring by Chisholm (review), 187Weighing aeroplanes, 3440-3441Weighing Coins Folding Gold Balances by Crawforth

(review), 135, 189"Weighing Huge Aeroplanes"(article by White), 3440-3441"Weighing in India, 1733" (article by Cohn), 2414-2415"Weighing in India, 1865" (article), 2406"Weighing in the 14th C" (article by Newall), 2067"Weighing in the American Kitchen" (article by Basch),

1247-1251"Weighing in the Early 14th Century" (article by Simpson

& Connor), 1987-1988, 2015-2024"Weighing in the Kitchen" (article by Crawforth), 767-775Weighing in vacuum, 2545Weighing ladle mkr, Duplex Handy Scale, 1945Weighing machine, 2415-2416

coke, 728mkr

Bourne, Thomas, 1508Bourne & Smith, 696Cadwick, 659, 1508Day, William Chambers, 696Day & Millward, 1451Eayre, 659Edgell James, 661Ford, Whitmore & Brunton, 1508Ford & Co, 696Hart, David & Co, 1730Herbert, Thomas, 1192Jackson, William, 1725Littlejohn & Co, 2014Moy, Thomas, 1725Newman, J, 1519Pooley, Henry & Son Ltd, 1443Vandome, 592Webb, R W, 798Wood, Henry, 1193Wood, Robert & Henry, 1193Wyatt, John, 655-661, 1508Yeoman, Thomas, 660

patenteeRoebuck, John, 692Salmon, Robert, 692Whitmore, William, 692

"Weighing Machines coin-freed from 1884-1940" (paper by Kinmonth), 1705-1712

Weighing of Money by Houben (review), 557Weighing scoops

American, 487-491, 2230, 2922-2924British, 773-774Italian, 765Roman, 823

Weighing systemmodern, 2216

complexity, accuracy, flexibility of, 2216"Weighing the 7s Coin" (article by Camilleri), 1624-1625"Weighing the World" (article by Joyce), 327-331Weighmaster, print, 305Weighmasters beam, 78, 324

definition, 342Weight

basis, 3077definition, 342fine gold, 3145-3146inlaid with agate, 2905look-alike, 3285-3286

Avery advertising, 3285, 3312Baker & Walsh advertising, 3286door stops, 3286match striker & ashtray, 3285material

cast iron, 3285-3286ceramic, 3286

china, 3285-3286glass, 3285

Ponderax advertising, 3285making, 2243marking, Supper Flat Imperial Solid, 3179mkr see weights, mkrmotif

fleur-de-lys, 2108-2109heraldic, 2108

normal, 3145-3146passing, 3145pie crust design, 3393-3394

dated, 3393-3394shape

animal, 308-309, 343, 569, 1524anserine, 2824anthropomorphic see weight, shape, humanasymmetrical, 897, 955bar, 108, 119, 291, 342-343, 519, 612-614, 1089,

1095, 1121, 2005, 2801bell, 118-119, 159, 237, 244, 289, 291-297, 342,

519, 614, 633, 732-733, 1048, 1056, 1123, 1138, 1348, 2266, 2355, 3179, 3489-3490, 3508-3512

bird, 308, 347-352, 1524, 2815bottle, 83, 144, 291, 342-343, 385, 535, 688, 732,

755, 856, 864-865, 1057brick, 343, 518-519, 613, 637bulls, 2147bun, 613, 1331, 1350-1351cased, 237, 294, 386, 418-419, 422-424, 1048chain, 493chamfered pyramid with ring, 907chickenlike bird, 2824Chinthe, 347-352, 2145, 2147circular, 2580clover leaf, 1078cockleshell, 3201-3206coin form see weight, shape, monetiformcompound, 200, 503concave, 343conical, 343, 613, 2905convex, 342-343cross pommée, 2635cube, 342, 344cube knobbed, 686, 949, 1227, 1479-1483cup cake, 217, 308, 342-343, 613cylindrical, 342-343, 385-387, 2905cylindrical handled, 119, 734cylindrical knobbed, 734, 965, 1072, 1107-1112,

1212, 1688cylindrical tee handled, 119, 734decorative, 166, 208, 215domed, 1089, 1349, 2363double cone, 342drum, 2025duck, 2143, 2145, 2148egg, 415elephant, 224, 352, 2824embossed, 166engraved, 688, 936, 967etiolated bent rectangle, 981

figurative, 344, 569first read, 343-344fish, 2147flat-circular, 614, 2467flat rectangular concave-sided, 829flat ring, 343flat stacking, numerous referencesflower, 345frogs, 2147geometric, 343, 569globe, 119, 343, 733, 2905gooselike bird, 2824handle, 108, 119, 343, 368hentha, 344, 347-352hexagon with ring, 907hexagonal, 41, 293, 343, 588, 614, 1023, 1057,

1101, 1562, 2318home-made, 166-167human, 344, 569, 2145, 2720incuse, 166irregular, 2905knobbed, 27, 49, 343, 587, 613, 2395, 2397, 3049,

3080lenticular, 2719lion see Chinthelozenge, 343, 829, 833, 835, 2363mice, 2147monetiform, 12, 166-167, 208, 233, 247, 261, 343,

459-466, 829, 834, 879-884, 913-919, 967-971, 2357

Mordan characteristics, 941, 3291-3292mushroom, 343mythical feline, 2824nest (U S A ), 78, 108nesting, 17, 39, 42-43, 78, 156, 251, 279, 292-294,

304, 343, 564, 738, 835, 1038, 1040, 1348, 1359, 1380, 1577, 1659, 2173, 2253-2254, 3302

nesting for jockey scale, 2801nesting in coin sc box, 1380, 1548-1552, 2253-

2254nesting in jewellers sc box, 1457nesting in leather case, 1349nesting Mediaeval, 1751-1752, 1796-1797nesting with butresses, 1751nesting with domed lid, 1426-1435nesting with handle, 475, 1166nesting with lid, 1383, 1605, 1972, 2011nesting with lobed lid, 304nesting with peg-on lid, 1751-1752nesting with screw-on lid, 1166numerical, 260, 295, 343octagonal, 343, 613-614, 2580octagonal pyramid, 2635oval, 291, 343, 588, 613, 3393-3394oval bar, 291, 3393-3394oxen, 309peacock, 352pie shape, 613pig shape, 2720plant, 344polygon, 343

polyhedral, 2149proportional nesting, 695pyramidal knobbed, 857quadrilobe, 789rabbits, 2147ram, 2145rectangular, 291, 344, 2356, 2448rectangular knobbed, 503, 627rectangular ring, 859, 1351rider, 154, 157, 287, 314, 718ring, 35, 108, 291, 334-337, 379, 417, 519, 581-

586, 614, 718, 1024, 1089, 1347, 2266, 2361, 2801

romme see weight, shape, violinround boxed, 2075round knobbed, 41, 82, 113, 154-157, 178, 250,

291, 501-503, 630, 1577, 1602, 2995-2997round knobbed apothecary, 835round tapered, 344saucer, 1024sets, 731-735sheet, 343shield, 1328, 1346-1347, 1350, 1989, 1993, 1995,

2108silk cocoon, 156sliding, 217-218, 227, 231-232, 235, 270-272slotted, 52, 82, 109, 296, 314, 343, 437, 587, 613,

696spherical, 119, 2448, 2905spindle-shaped, 2905square, 131, 166, 205, 291, 295, 344, 499-503, 686-

687, 828, 914, 917, 968, 984-988, 1010, 1231, 1562, 2074, 2443, 2580

square bell, 343, 612-613square knobbed, 27, 49, 54, 501-503, 957, 3145-

3146square ring, 35, 108, 1089, 1095-1098, 1116-1120,

1729square tabbed, 42square tapered, 344, 476, 507, 1689-1690stacking, numerous referencesswan, 2148swastika, 2025symbol, 343tare, 32, 34, 217-218telescopic, 133to see Chinthetortoises, 2147triangular, 1562truncated cone, 635truncated step-pyramids, 3224-3225turn over, 235, 379turtle, 309Victoria, 291, 296, 343, 409, 957, 1101violin, 156, 224, 320, 343, 1497wire bent, 1940zoomorphic see weight, shape, animal

Weight & Measure Act of 1937, Dutch, 3230Weight & volume, 3148

association of, 3148Weight box

definition, 344, 2987-2988

mkr, print, 304sealed, 1725

Weight collecting beam see weight lifting scWeight depositing

analytical sc, 718-719parcel sc, 982-983, 3320postal sc, 982-983, 3320

"Weight Depositing Scale" (article by Crawforth), 982-983weight frauds, 3335-3336Weight indications

Enkel, 3444gram, 3323grams, 3444kilograms, 3444loth, 3323ounce, 3323wigtjes, 3444

Weight inspector's mark, falsification of, 3160Weight lift & half roberval, 340, 379, 383, 399, 410, 1071,

1223, 1469see also half roberval

Weight lifting scdefinition, 344, 1223, 2121, 2427, 3320ease of use, 1369

Weight pan, definition, 344Weight pen holders, advertising, 3285, 3311Weight plate

definition, 170, 174, 344two, 1725

Weight platter see weight panWeight prover, definition, 344Weight rack, definition, 344Weight removing, definition, 874Weight set, least current, 3124Weight Stamping by the Worshipful Co of Founders & City

of London by Stevenson (review), 1563-1565Weight straps, 2302Weight subtracting steelyard, definition, 1027Weight systems

apothecary, 519, 735, 799, 802, 826-835, 1346-1347, 2351, 2398, 2539

apothecary liquid measures, 802aver-de-peis, 2173avoirdupois, 735, 1346-1347, 2173, 2175, 2229, 2333,

2539, 2575, 3044, 3179bullion, 2224, 2391, 2402, 2445carat, 2575carat-metrique, 2575Chinese, 926, 2149coin, English, 674, 879-884, 913-919, 951-954, 1471-

1479, 2224, 2575decimal-based, 2905dinar, 815drachm see apothecary wtdram, 799, 2539Egyptian, 2509European bullion, 1990-1992European trading, 1992-1995fuen, 926gros-French, 2575Hebrew, 2506-2510kilogram, 42, 2575

lane, 278liang, 926libbras, 2361libra, 2173Maltese ounces, 865Medieval, 776-783, 1990-1995metric, 735, 2174Milanese pound, 2387Modenese ounces, 2363okka, 1023-1025pennyweights, 627, 828portuguese piece, 40, 2390-2391postage, 684pound, 2173quintal, 783rotoli, 865ruttee, 250, 2393-2394scruple, 799, 827solotnik, 278Syrian, 2510tola-Indian, 2575, 3080Troy, 735, 798, 828, 1348, 2107, 2173-2174, 2229,

2333, 2539, 2575, 3043-3044tsien, 926US gold pieces, 759, 763

Weight ticket, 659Weight used to determine volume, 3148Weights

accumulation, 1548-1549adjusters, 889, 1035assay, 2530

brass, 2530chromed, 2530gold-plated, 2530mkr

Becker, 2530Gurley, 2530Kern, 2530Oertling, 2530Troemner, 2530

nickel-plate, 2530phosphor-bronze, 2530platinum-plated, 2530

bivalent, 2554chromium-plated, 2550

mkrBaird & Tatlock, 2550Eureka Scientific, 2550Harris, 2550MacAlaster, Bicknel, 2550Towers, 2550

cityAntwerp, 3214-3215Belfast, 3508Bruges, 2108Dublin, 3509

cleaningcorrosion, 795, 3035rust treatment, 633

coin, how to make, 2778compensating, 2244-2245customers name, 612

denomination, 146, 1689, 16911 Dollar, 24452 D 16 G see weights, denomination, half-guinea2 Dollars, 24452*14 see weights, denomination, half-guinea3 Dollars, 24453 ounces, 31794 Dollars, 24454 pistole, 25185 Dollars, 24455 dwt 8 grs see guinea5 sovereign, 5925*6 see guinea8 lb, 581, 103610 Dollars, 244510 oz, 317920 Dollars, 224536 s see Portuguese Piece36 SHILLINGS see moidore100 £1 NOTES, 1605480, 1691, 1693500, 1691, 1693504, 1690510, 1694516, 1691, 1693Albertin, 2866-2867angel, 913, 917, 951-952, 985-986, 1012-1014,

1550, 1606, 2725, 2766, 2866-2867, 2942-2943, 3113-3215, 3218

anna, 1102apothecary ounce, 2056Austrian Marc, 2529averdepois see Weights, denomination, avoirdupoisavoirdupois, 35, 83-86, 113, 119, 131-133, 614,

633-639, 1346, 2148, 2218, 2361, 2448, 2530, 2802, 2925-2927, 3437-3438

2lb 1 1/2oz, 10883 1/2 lb, 10898lb, 1036metric, 1107-1112

azen see weights, denomination, grainbeka, 2150, 2509blank, 1010Bologna ounce, 2363bu, 319carat, 247, 250, 2447, 2621, 2692carat metrique, 493, 1142carlin, 28, 2726, 3145-3146carlini, 1420-1422, 1468Carolingian pondera, 2218Carolus, 244, 883, 1011, 1040, 1044, 1067

definition, 882Castellanos, 3218cental, 1160centisimi, 2360centner see metricCents, 3395-3396Cents see weights, denomination, 1 dollar; weights,

denomination, 10 dollars; weights, denomination, 20 dollars

ceros, 2399chatack see weights, denomination, chatak

chatak, 2323, 2406chittack see weights, denomination, chatakchittak see weights, denomination, chatakcob, 1603conderin, 56-57conventionstaler, 28crontal, 89, 142crontaler, 28crown, 883, 985, 1014, 1550, 1605, 2866-2867,

2943silver, 1040

Crusaat, 3228Cruzado, 3218dag see weights, denomination, kilogramDaldre de Bourgogne, 2555Deben, 2149deci see weights, denomination, kilogramdeniers, 2358dinar, 161, 815, 2149, 2351, 2356dinari, 2387dirham, 161, 907, 909, 1023

definition, 1023dirhem, 161, 2835, 2838-2839doblon d'Italia, 2766dollar, 1215, 2402, 2445

see also realesdollar of Spain see realeDollari, 2894doppia, 1420-1422double crown, definition, 882double crown see unitedouble excelente, 2725double Henri d'or, 3216-3217double johannis see portuguese piecedouble Louis, 2518-2519, 2548double pistole, 2518-2519, 2548double sovereign, 200, 592, 884doubloon, 883, 1008, 1061, 1130, 1606, 2390-

2391, 2995-2997, 3215-3216drachm, 828drachma, 2839dram, 799, 828, 2351, 2448, 2551, 3437-3438drop, 2068-2073ducat, 28, 953, 1122, 1605, 2443-2444, 2724-2725,

2866-2867, 3145-3146, 3215ducati, 1420-1422ducatoon, 1013-1014dupondius, 309dwt see weights, denomination, pennyweightsE Hertogen, 3228ecu, 952, 953, 2359, 2516, 2548, 2725, 3216ecu au soleil, 2516-2517, 2548ecu d'or, 2548, 2724-2725eighth rial, 2518Escudo, 3215-3216escudos, definition, 882escudos see Portuguese Piece; weights,

denomination, doubloonexcelente, 2725, 3215F, 60-61, 353, 943, 948, 1231, 3395-3396F & S Cents, 3395-3396F & S Dollars, 3395-3396

F Dollars, 3395-3396fals, 161falus see falsfarthing, 951farthing of gold, 951five shilling, 2253, 2255, 2722florin, 953, 2724four s nine d see moidore; realesfranc, 28, 2356Franse Crown, 2516, 2548French crown see weights, denomination, ecuFS Cents, 3395-3396FS Dollars, 3395-3396fuen, 56-57, 926full pistol, 2942, 2944fundo, 319gerahs, 2509gold gulden, 28, 2866-2867, 2942-2943gou leeuw, 3227Gouden Dukaton, 2721-2722Goutgulden, 3228grain, 41, 61, 205-206, 247, 261-263, 1038, 1068,

1172, 1272, 2148, 2356, 2359, 2390, 2395-2396, 2398, 2442, 2518

gram, 2325, 2361, 2442gram see weights, denomination, kilogramgranos, 2399granotti, 2356groat, 1561-1562gros, 1167Grote Crusaat, 3228guart' ecu, 2725gui dor, 2518guilders, 2397guinea, 28, 183, 200, 205-215, 244, 457-467, 480,

495-504, 561, 883, 914-919, 965-968, 1026, 1040-1045, 1060-1067, 1079-1086, 1126, 1603-1606, 1824-1830, 1935, 2224, 2255, 2359, 2395, 2442, 2471, 2519, 2555

gulden, 28half-Albertin, 2866-2867half-Albertus, 2943half-angel, 1550-1551, 2942-2944half-carlin, 2726half-crown, 592, 883, 1012, 1014, 1040, 1550half-crown silver, 1012, 1045, 1602half-dirhem, 1602half-ducatoon see weights, denomination, ducatoonhalf-gou leeuw, 3227half-groat, 1562half-guinea, 1477, 2224, 2395, 2442, 2519half-moidore, 2255half-noble, 2443, 2724half-Pistolet, 2866-2867, 2942-2943half-rider, 1603half rose noble, 2942half-ryal see ryalhalf-shekel, 1602, 2507half-shilling, 2224half-sovereign, 987, 2721, 2726half-unite, 1550, 3212, 3214Hollandse Rijder, 2766

homa, 319Hungarian ducat, 2944II s IX D see weights, denomination, half-crown;

weights, denomination, quarter-angelIIII D VI G see realesIIII s 4 1/2 D see weights, denomination, thistle

crowninch, 956, 1017, 3506Jacobus, 244, 883, 1011, 1040, 1044, 1067

definition, 882Johannis, 884Johannis see Portuguese piecekan, 319kedet, 2149keration, 2447kharroobehs, 161kilogram, 41, 42, 250, 387, 600, 1264, 1463, 2363kite, 2149krampfund, 51kronenthaler, 142kronthaler see kronenthalerkyat, 347-352L1 1S see guinealamoede, 508lane, 278langkreuz, 2866-2867laurel, 917, 985, 987, 1014li, 57liang, 57, 926libbra grossa, 2361libbra sottile, 2361libbras, 2361, 2363libra, 2144, 2150, 2173, 3075lire, 2356, 2360livres, 859loth, 562Louis, 2518Louis d'ecu, 2517Louis d'or, 1008, 2517, 2518, 2548, 2725

definition, 882see also weights, denomination, pistole

Ls d'or, 2548lud, 2255maes, 56malta, 28Maltese ounces, 865maneh, 2507marca, 2522marco ducat, 3146marks, 2218maund, 2324max d'or., 28, 3146MC ducat, 3146metric, 614, 633, 718, 735, 1107-1112, 1664, 2839michtal, 2151Milreis, 3218mina, 309, 2143, 2148mirliton, 28miskal, 2838-2839mithqal, 907mo, 319Modenese ounces, 2363

moidore, 40, 205-206, 214-215, 244, 247, 261, 480, 883, 1008, 1060-1067, 1471, 1552, 2471

momme, 156, 319Moroccan ducat, 3146necef, 2509netzef, 2509neuer schild louis d'or, 28nine shilling see portuguese piecenoailles, 28noble, 216, 913, 917, 951-952, 2443, 2724-2725nomismata, 2581oke, 907

see also okkaokka, 909, 1023-1025

see also okeonce, 1167, 2448, 3235oncie, 1167, 2361one third oz, 353, 857, 950one twentieth shekel, 2507onza, 1420, 2173, 2391onzia, 2173ottavio, 1167P, 60-61, 353, 950, 1231packaretty see weights, denomination, rutteePadua half-libbra, 2361pakkaretty see weights, denomination, rutteeParis ounce, 2218, 2363pemontese, 2360penceworth, 3225-3226pennyweight (silver), 869pennyweights, 40-41, 53, 205-206, 263, 627-628,

828, 1068, 1215, 1938, 2356, 2390-2391, 2442, 3216

see also Troypetrie, 2509

see also weights, denomination, pympièce de deux écus, 2554pieces of eight see weights, denomination, realepillar dollar see realepistole, 28, 208, 214, 244, 247, 883, 914, 917, 970,

1008, 1041-1046, 1067, 1104, 1552, 2255, 2390, 2471, 2518, 2548, 2723, 3145-3146

pistole Spanish, definition, 882Pistolet, 2866-2867poids de marc, 2218pondus, 2150Portuguese cruzado, 2942-2943Portuguese piece, 40, 53, 205-206, 214, 480, 883-

884, 970, 1061-1068, 1079-1086, 1104, 1552, 2354, 2442

postages, 60-61, 353, 684, 950, 1231pound, 2148, 2448pym, 2509qantar, 909qedet, 2508quarter angel, 1550quarter guinea, 1061, 1325, 2395, 2442, 2471quarter-Hollandse Rijder, 2766quarter pound, 2109quarter seer, 2323quarter stone, 2801quarter unite, 2944

quartern, 1056quintal, 783, 861quintal see metricrati see weights, denomination, rutteerati seed, 1102, 2149

def, 2151ratl, 907-912, 1024

see also weights, denomination, rotoliratti, 1102reaal, 3211, 3214, 3217reale, 1008, 1471, 1605-1606, 1778-1785, 1818,

1823-1825, 1842, 1879-1881, 2399, 2445, 2495, 2723, 2725, 2995-2997, 3211, 3214

ream, 480, 500, 504ream see weights, denominationregs, 614reis, definition, 882reis see Portuguese pieceretty see weights, denomination, rutteerial, 2518-2519rin, 319romme, 156, 158, 224-225, 1497rootee see weights, denomination, rutteerose-noble, 2944

see also ryalrose-ryal, 987, 1012, 2766rosenbel, 28rotl, 2151rotoli, 783, 865, 907rotolo see weights, denomination, rotolirottel see weights, denomination, rotolirotti see weights, denomination, rutteeroyal see ryalrupee, 2323ruttee, 250, 445, 2393-2394, 2447ryal, 879, 883, 913, 917, 951-952, 987, 1603, 2721,

2725, 2866-2867, 3214ryder, 28ryo, 319schild louis d'or, 28, 3146scruple, 355, 418, 799, 828, 2150, 2350seer, 2324-2325, 2406Sep, 2149seven pennyweights, 1603seven shilling, 2224sever, 3145severin, 28, 3146shekel, 308-309, 2143, 2146-2148, 2507-2508shilling, 459, 869, 917, 1012-1014, 1040, 1380,

2224, 2253, 2255shillingsworth, 3224-3225siliqua, 2447Sitter, 3228six ounce, 88, 142six pence, 2255sixpence, 1012, 1040solotnik, 278-279, 564, 1426-1435son pistole, 28souverain d'or, 28sovereign, 11, 22, 200, 233-238, 293, 884, 915-919,

968, 987, 1026, 1072, 1125-1132, 1413-1419, 1832, 1843, 1916, 1936, 1944, 2224,

2721, 2985-2989soverein, 1070, 1121-1122spagne, 2518-2519Spanish double ducat, 2944Spanish milled dollars see realespur-ryal, 883, 1012, 1014standard, 828, 965Statecroon, 3228stone, 2531, 2799-2803talent, 1332-1339, 2150, 2507tari, 1421ten shilling, 2722Testoon, 3218thaler, 2359third-guinea, 498, 1083-1086, 1126thistle crown, 917, 1014, 1550, 1607tola, 147, 1102, 2323-2325, 2394, 2406, 3080tower ounce, 2218, 3043Trèvise half-libbra, 2361Trèvise libbra, 2361troy, 40, 43, 78, 115, 149-156, 183, 295, 735, 798,

828, 1470, 1662, 1937, 1940, 2150, 2173, 2361, 2530, 3037-3039, 3043, 3437-3438

troy pound, 390, 394, 2148, 2150, 2802, 3044tsien, 57, 926two-dram, 3437two shilling, 2253, 2255two-thirds oz, 857, 950two-thirds shekel, 2507uncia, 2149-2150unite, 560, 883, 917, 985-987, 1014, 1044, 1550,

2766, 2943, 3212, 3214, 3218unze, 562US Cents, 3395-3396US Dollars, 3395-3396US gold pieces, 759V s see weights, denomination, crownV s VI D see weights, denomination, crown;

weights, denomination, half-angelv Vlandr, 3227Venice half-libbra, 2361Venice libbra, 2361Verona half-libbra, 2361wizna, 864wuqiyyah, 907X s see angel; weights, denomination, half-uniteXI s see angel; weights, denomination, half-uniteXX s see uniteXXII s see uniteyusdruman pound, 2151zecchino, 1101, 1420-1422Zecchino et Ongaro, 2766Zon Croon, 3228£3 12 s see Portuguese Piece

design of, 3393-3394double struck, 3509-3512earliest English (article by Houben), 1563-1564electrolytic conversion, 2109fake?, 755, 1358-1359, 3160Fine Weight, 3146General Post Office, 2294

marks on, 2294

Imperial Standards, 2243, 2250-2252, 3509importer, Richardson, Joseph, 1488-1493industrial processes, 2243Inspectors, 2448invention & protection, 2243issued under Authority of the City of Dublin, 3509klippe, 2766legislation, 2243mark

Berg Lion, 3145Frankfurt eagle, 3145hand of Antwerp, 3214Lion of Ghent, 3214

marks article, 1003-1007, 3393-3394material

aluminium, 115, 829-831, 868, 893, 1172, 1940brass

numerous references, 2108, 2443verification, 21

bronze, 309, 320, 347-352, 372, 864, 908, 1024, 1123, 1346-1348, 1387, 1561, 1577, 1603, 1662, 2037, 2355, 2361, 2579-2580, 2925-2927, 3508-3512

verification, 21, 1577, 2037cast iron, 543, 1387, 2243, 2250-2252, 2294, 3393-

3394china see earthenwarecopper, 167, 462, 1603copper-alloy, 2325earthenware, 43-46, 83-86, 143, 297-298, 385-388,

535, 789, 812, 1448-1450verification, 85

enamel see earthenwaregilded, 1689glass, 66, 160-162, 249, 306, 309, 386, 437, 519,

814-815, 907, 1387, 1561, 1602-1603, 2580

granite, 308gun metal, 114haemetite, 308iron, 35, 108, 224, 291, 296, 368, 385, 437, 519,

581-582, 611-619, 633-639, 733, 753, 789, 1023, 1036, 1057, 1089, 1095, 1116-1120, 1347, 1603, 1930, 2005, 2075, 2250-2252, 2406, 2680-2681, 2801, 2905, 3393-3394

verification, 21, 614, 3394lead, 21, 43, 83, 309, 345, 422-424, 581-582, 611,

789, 825, 861, 908-910, 1048, 1139, 1327, 1331, 1346, 1349-1351, 1603, 1688, 1989, 1993, 1995, 2108, 2111-2112, 2720, 2905, 3201-3206

verification, 21, 1331limestone, 308nickel-plated, 829, 961pewter, 43, 83, 611, 1048phosphor-bronze, 83, 115plastic, 1089platinum, 90, 115, 1387porcelain see earthenwarepottery see earthenwaresealing wax, 167silver, 1603, 1667-1683, 2766, 3220-3229, 3235

stainless steel, 732, 1387steel nickel-plated, 1930sterling, 3235stone, 308-309, 866, 957, 1335, 1378, 1602, 2905tin-plate, 167white brass, 733wire, 115, 343, 563-564wood, 1387zinc, 108, 387, 1089

mkrA B, 600A C N see Aire & Calder NavigationA K & Sons see Kenrick, Archibald & SonsA N, 638A R & Co, 2324A W see Wilkinson, AnthonyAbdy, William, 501-504, 560, 1085Acme, 638, 957Aire & Calder Navigation, 638Albion Foundry Ltd, 613, 638Anderton Son & Calley, 884, 1062, 1508Archdall, Henry, 1103, 1756Archdall, William, 1103, 1757Arstall, 2011AT see avoirdupois systemAtherton, A & Co, 638Austin, Aaron, 499Avery, W & T, 83-85, 119, 297, 386, 441, 587,

633-637, 733-734, 828-833, 884, 919, 968, 1127-1132, 1272, 1449

Avery, W & T Ltd, 295-297, 441, 586-588, 611, 615, 633, 637, 1095, 1697, 3437

B B & Son, 638B V & Co, 638Baird & Tatlock, 2550Baird & Tatlock Ltd., 2550Balden, Joseph Jr, 1508Balden, Joseph Sr., 1508Barrington, John, 1758Barron, José Aparicio, 2995BCIF, 2324Beach, Thomas, 577, 1577Beans, egg poise, 411Beardmore & Co, 896Becker, F E, 2550Bell, Hamlet, 200, 502-503Bell, Hamlet & Co, 503Bendemaecker, Willem, 1606Benton, 2554Béranger & Cie, 1664Bernes, John, 951Berry, 1508, 2553Blews, William, 1508Blews, William & Sons, 1086Bourn, Thomas, 1508Bradbury, Daniel, 1473Brind, William, 205Briot, Nicholas, 216, 914, 917, 1010-1016, 2255,

2554Brookhouse, R, 410, 416Bullock, W & Co, 518, 638, 644Burchfield, T, 35

Bushell, 585, 638C B Dale see CoalbrookdaleC H Crane, 2324-2325C S see Sommers, CharlesC T P see S T RC W, 1062C W see Ward, CallingwoodC W S see Cooperative Wholesale SocietyCaers,Andries, 3219Cannon, 587Cannon Iron Foundries Ltd, 638Cannon Iron Foundry, 638Cape India E M Co, 2324Carron, 638Catlinetti, 2359Chatillon, John & Sons, 1593Cheshire, Thomas & Co, 638Clark, S, 638Clark, T & C, 612, 638, 2324Clarkes, 611-613Coalbrookdale Co, 638Collings & Wallis, 637Cooperative Wholesale Society, 732, 835Copeland, 812Copeland & Garrett, 535Cormick, Michael, 1760Cotton, William, 638Cowcher & Co, 1062Crane, C H, 638, 2324-2325Crane Foundry Co, 615, 634, 637Crane Foundry Co Ltd, 613, 617Croome, Thomas, 207Crosby, Daniel, 1762Crosby, James, 1762, 1764Cross, William, 585, 617, 638Cross, William & Son, 617, 638Cross, William & Son Ltd, 638Curteys, Robert, 951D C, 586, 1830D G & Co, 638D J, 600D P see Pascal, DominiqueDale, C D see CoalbrookdaleDay, William Chambers, 919, 1127-1132Day, William Chambers & Co, 829Day & Co, 386Day & Millward, 84, 385, 789, 829de Backer II, Adolf, 2723de Neve, Guilliam, 2724Dearborn, Benjamin, 1212, 1215DeG & Co see Degrave & CoDeGrave, Short & Fanner, 1451, 2252Degrave & Co, 297, 618, 1691-1692DeGrave & Son, 856DelMotte, Gilles, 2724Dixon & Vardy, 638, 2037D.P, 1830Dragon, 865Drielenburgh, Jacob, 2722E J, 600E Work, 2324Eureka Scientific Co. Ltd., 2550

F M & Co, 638Fairbanks, 100, 3075Falkirk Iron Co, 635, 638Falkirk Iron Foundry, 638Foncq,Hans, 3217-3218Ford, 1062, 1066, 1508G H, 1830Gardner, J, 1062Garland, James & Co, 637-639Garratt, Thomas, 1043Gatchell, R, 3437Gatchell, S & Sons, 499, 502Gatchell, Samuel, 1769, 3437-3438, 3508-3512George, W & J, Ltd., 2550Gerard de Corduanier, 2722Giles, Anthony, 1043, 1045, 2554Goto, 319-320Gowers, Weston, 1782Green, D, 3393-3394Green, D G & Sons, 638Green, David, 636, 638, 1788, 3393-3394Green, I & D, 637Green, Thomas & Co, 638Gregory, Isaac, 1107-1112Greppi, 2359Grice, 1081-1086Griffin & Tatlock, 2550Gros, H, 386-387Gruber, John P., 2551H & S, 829, 834Haagse Balensen en Gewichtenfabriek, 1264Hardy, James, 810Hare, Joseph, 810Harris, 391Harris, John, 1040, 1380Harris, Philip, Ltd., 2550Harrison, James, 1508Harrison, Thomas, 495Haskins, Jonathan, 1726Hayward, William, 1043, 2554Haywood, William, 460, 465Heath, John, 810Henry, Solomon, 501-502Herbert & Sons, 1201, 1726, 1729Herbertz, John William, 503Heuscher, Jacobus, 2722Hodgson & Stead, 829Hoe, Robert, 638Holcroft, 585, 637Holcroft, T & Sons, 545, 638Holt, James, 810Hopken, F & Son, 1554Houghton, Thomas, 501-503Hugershoff, Franz, 1463Hunt, Basil, 1062Hunt, William & Co, 638Hux, Thomas & Elizabeth, 208I K see Kirk, JohnI S W, 753I T, 1830, 1844India IF, 2324Iron Foundry MLRP, 2324

Izons & Co, 638J & J W see Whitehouse, Jabez & JohnJ B B, 829, 833J H, 810J Hall & Son, 2324-2325J L B, 829, 834, 2056J P, 1825J W J (Warren, James), 501-502J*P, 1832Jackson, James, 1062, 1494Janssen, Cornelis, 3215-3216, 3219Johnson, 638Jones of Binghamton, 1078Juggins, retailer, 535Kashi, 2324Kenrick, Archibald & Sons, 585-586, 638, 1261Kern, Gottlieb & Sohn, 868, 2530Kerrison, Samuel, 1043, 2554Kidder, Vincent, 1823Kirch, Johannes, 506Kirk, John, 459-460, 462-467, 480, 496, 560, 663,

829, 883, 970, 1061-1066, 1081-1086, 1935, 2401, 2555

Kirkoswold, 2925-2927Kolb, Tobias Martin, 1166L M, 291, 547, 587, 635Lagenberch, Willem, 2724Lamb, Percivall, 638Landale & Tod, 2250-2252Lbluk, F, 1430-1435le Fran, André, 2725Lincoln, 2075Linderman, Jan, 1606Litchfeild, Richard, 883, 1043, 2553Locker, John, 1824London Dairy Supply Co Ltd, 83Lord, Richard, 1471, 1825Lund, Iohn, 501-502M Nazir, 2324MacAlaster, Bicknel Co. (Labasco Inc.), 2550MARP, 2324Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1659McCraight, Richard, 1735Melamid, 910Mellard, 810Middleton, James, 638Millward, John, 638Moffett, James Thomas, 1583Moore, William, 1827Mordan, 2988-2989, 3022-3023, 3046-3055, 3080,

3291-3292Mordan, S & Co, 424, 686, 933-950, 1231, 1667-

1668, 1678, 1680, 1936, 2985-2989, 3291-3292

Morvan, 638Mountford, Henry see Mountford, HumphreyMountford, Humphrey, 1508Mountford, William, 1476N S & Co, 2324Neale, John, 208Neve, Guilliam de, 2395Newman, J, 1519

Nicholl & Fowler, 1448Oertling, L, 1038Ortiz, José, 2995Owen, 917, 1062, 1065, 1508P E Co, 2324Parker, Thomas, 1017, 3506-3507Parnall, H & Sons, 43, 143, 386Parnall & Sons Ltd, 83, 732, 957Pascal, Dominique, 1422Payne, Benjamin, 2402Peirson, Thomas, 1043Pellicer i Bru, Josep, 2723Phillips, 1081-1086, 1474, 1986Pickering, 1830Pickering, David, 1830Plat, John, 1043Plumly, 3223Plympton, H, 1215Porzellen Fabrik Langenthal, 346, 386Prefect, 292Price, Thomas, 560Proctor, Charles & Luke, 261-262, 467, 1062Prodeval, 767, 1046R T see Tucker, RichardRatcliff, J & E, 1479-1480Ratcliffe, I & C, 884, 1127-1132, 1227Rawlins, Thomas, 917, 1013-1016Read, Joseph, 183Reliable Mfg Co, 417Robbins, E, 638Roberts, Timothy, 244Rogers, Peter & Co, 637, 829, 834Royal Mint, 915-919RS see Smart, RichardRSKCI Foundry, 2324Rueprecht, A, 718Rus, William, 951S D, 1104S Garcia, Ltd, 2448S T R, 1426-1427Salter, G & Co, 83, 514, 519Sangster, 83Sangster, James, 214Sewell, G, 542Shenston, J T, 1450Siddons, 314, 545, 585Siddons, Joseph & Jesse Ltd, 638Silk, Edward & Co, 617, 638Smart, Richard, 1472, 1842Sommers, Charles, 215, 499-500, 503Sommers, Charles I, 215, 503, 1393Sommers, Joseph, 542Sommers & Son, 1396Spear, 1843Springer Torsion Balance Co, 671SSI Foundry, 2324St George, 789Sutcliffe, H & Co, 638, 2680-2681Swain, 545, 585Swain, Matthew Ltd, 638Syng, Philip, 3223T & C Clarke, 2324

T F, 910, 1023T H see Houghton, ThomasT H & S see Holcroft, T & SonT N, 529-530T N & S, 638T P, 1825T R, 917T Sharp, 2467Tallman, James, 1383te Welberg, Issac, 2722Testut, 347, 387Tongue, John, 1944Towers, J W & Co., 2550Townson & Mercer Ltd., 2550TR see weights, denomination, troyTroemner, Henry, 811, 1592, 1643, 1930, 1936,

1940Tucker, Richard, 499, 502Tyson, Jacob, 1047Union Mill, 1116van Breda,Hans, 3217Van Coppenol, 3227-3228van den Gheere , Lenard, 2723, 3214van den Gheere, Pieter, 2724, 3214van Langenberch, Willem, 2722Vandome, 592W C, 638, 1013-1016W L, 1824Wade, John, 1043Ward, Callingwood, 496, 500-502, 1062, 1066,

1508Warner, John, 1726Warren, James, 499, 502, 560, 1844-1845Webb, R W, 798Webb & Skinner, 1450Wedgwood, 43-44, 83, 143Weeks, Thomas, 695Weights

mkrFord, 1062, 1066, 1508 van de Gheere,

Lenard, 2723, 3214van den Gheere, Pieter, 2724, 3214

Westwood, I & O, 466-467, 967Westwood, John & Obediah, 1508Whitehouse, J & J, 635, 637Wilkinson, Anthony, 502-503, 627-628Wilson, John, 497Winfield, R W, 11-12, 233Withers, 2553Young & Son, 800, 835, 2252

monarchAnne I of G B, 463, 883Anne of G B, 460-465, 883, 1038-1045, 1893,

2037, 2067Charles I of G B, 20, 216, 789, 883, 968, 984-988,

1010-1013, 1067, 1331, 1351, 1355, 1548-1552, 2253-2256, 2401, 2636, 2721

Charles II of G B, 216, 460, 789, 1040-1046, 1060, 1351, 1881, 2636, 2927

Charles V of G B, 2725, 3211, 3214, 3216, 3217David I of Scotland, 1988, 3043Edward III of G B, 1346-1347, 1561

Edward IV of G B, 216, 460, 465, 883Edward VI of G B, 2721-2722Edward VII of G B, 23, 163, 442-443, 585, 1005,

1128, 1565, 2031-2032, 3160Elizabeth I of G B, 43, 190, 278, 390, 984-988,

1348-1349, 1565, 2636, 2721, 2726Elizabeth II of G B, 21, 163, 443, 2034Ercole III of Italy, 2363Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, 1603, 2443-2444,

3215Franz I of Austro-Hungary, 1122Franz-Joseph of Austro-Hungary, 1122George I of G B, 462-465, 560, 1060, 1565George II of G B, 462-467, 560, 883, 970, 1060-

1068, 1565George III of G B, 462-467, 495-503, 561, 883,

967-968, 1081-1086, 1565, 1894, 2555George IV of G B, 293, 503, 883, 1565, 1894,

3508-3512George V of G B, 163, 443, 585, 1005, 2032-2033George VI of G B, 163, 443, 1005Henry II of France, 3216-3218Henry IV of G B, 216Henry V of G B, 216Henry VI of G B, 216, 1562Henry VII of G B, 17, 1346-1347, 1892, 2636Henry VIII of G B, 20, 216, 985, 1892, 2636, 2721-

2722James I of G B, 23, 216, 461, 882-883, 984-988,

1011, 1014, 1067, 1350, 1355, 1552, 1565, 2067, 2721-2722, 3214

James II of G B, 460, 560, 882-883, 917, 970, 1040-1046, 1068, 1350

John V of Portugal, 883, 1061Joseph I of Portual, 1061Julian Augustus, 2588Louis XII of France, 3218Louis XIV of France, 883, 1041, 1045, 1068, 2255,

2725, 3216-3217Marcian, 2581Mary of G B, 984, 2443-2444Nikolai Alexandrovich of Russia, 2079Philip II, 2725, 3215-3217Philip III, 3215-3217Philip of Spain, 2443-2444, 2721Richard I of G B, 1346Victoria of G B, 20-21, 69, 93-94, 121-122, 163-

165, 968, 1116, 1957, 1959-1960, 1978-1981

William & Mary of G B, 460-465, 883, 1040-1046William III of G B, 24, 460-465, 560, 883, 1040-

1046, 2554William IV of G B, 23, 1928, 1957William the Silent, Prince, 3217

nationalityAkan, 344, 569, 594, 1606, 2024-2026American see weights, nationality, U S AAnatolian, 2838-2839Arabic, 160-162, 907-912Ashanti see AkanAssam, 347Attic see Greek

Austrian, 142, 387, 1070, 1121-1122, 1142, 2358Babylonian, 308Bavarian, 250, 354Belgium, 560, 3214Bengali, 250, 445Berg & Mark, 27-28, 61-65, 507British, 1793-1796, 1891-1896, 2224, 2243, 2359,

3506-3507Burmese, 347-352, 445, 1521-1524, 1662-1663,

2815, 2825see also weights, nationality, Shan States

Byzantine, 160, 168, 309-310, 1561, 2579-2581, 2588, 2628, 2838-2839

Canadian, 2817Chinese, 56, 158, 343, 926, 1497Cypriot, 1024Dutch see NetherlandsEgyptian, 160, 308, 1024English, numerous referencesEnglish for Spanish use, 1818French, 41-42, 387, 475, 600, 630, 859, 1166,

1420-1422, 1606, 2358-2359French ruled by England, 1561-1562German, 42, 51-52, 82, 142, 385-387, 560, 718,

868, 957, 1142, 1166, 1659, 2395, 3145-3146

see also Bavarian; Nürnberg; weights, nationality, Bavarian; weights, nationality, Berg & Mark

Ghana, 569Greek, 309, 1333, 1335, 1603Hebrew, 1603Hellenistic see GreekHungarian, 387, 3146Indian, 250, 445, 2323

makers, 2324see also weights, nationality, Bengali

Irish, 560, 1008, 1103-1104, 1471, 1749, 1755-1773, 1823-1832, 1841-1846, 3437-3438, 3508-3512

Islamic, 1561, 1603Italian, 1101, 1166, 1420-1422, 2173, 2351, 2357-

2361, 2361Japanese, 56, 156, 224, 319-326Judean, 308Kenyan, 1102Maltese, 864-868Mesopotamian, 2838-2839Netherlands, 81-82, 355, 1264, 1603, 1606, 2354,

2766, 3214, 3217Nürnberg, 251, 304, 1166, 3302Ottoman, 1023-1025P see PortuguesePalestinian, 907, 1023-1025, 1335

see also weights, nationality, JudeanPersian, 223Peruvian, 2905Polish, 278-279, 387Portuguese, 251, 459, 1060-1066, 2359, 2442Roman, 309, 1333, 1603, 2173, 2182, 3201-3206Russian, 278-279, 387-388, 564, 1426-1435, 2077-

2082

S see SpanishScottish, 1972, 3043-3045Shan States, 347Siamese see ThaiSouth African, 439-444Spanish, 251, 459, 612, 1061, 1603, 1818, 2358,

2908, 2995-2997, 3214-3216Sumerian, 1336Swedish, 81-82Swiss, 386-387Thai, 223-224, 347Turkish, 2838-2839U S A, 13, 41, 78, 108, 154-158, 217, 334-338,

1047, 1078, 1212, 1470, 1593, 1930, 1936, 1940

West Indian, 459prices, 581-583, 612proportional see weights, purpose, proportionalpurpose

analytical, 795-796, 868, 2550apothecary, 294-295, 826-835, 893-894, 960-961,

2243, 2351, 3437-3438arrow, 869assay, 630bakers, 611, 1088bankers, 293-294, 637, 1072, 1128, 1212, 1497,

1605bread, 1056, 1089, 1095-1098bullion, 856, 1215, 1524, 1548-1552, 1930, 1936,

1940, 2224cloth, 1169coal, 897, 955coin, 12, 23, 27, 40, 49, 160-162, 166-167, 200,

233, 459, 627-629, 879-884, 913-919, 967-971, 984-988, 1008, 1040-1046, 1470-1479, 1502-1510, 1602-1608, 1749-1773, 2224, 2243, 2354, 3211-3220

coin poise, 13counterbalance, 195diamond, 250, 445, 459, 476, 1142dough, 1057egg, 131, 379-381, 389, 411, 415-417, 2643-2644eke, 694, 878estimating, 1690estimating see proportional; weights, purpose,

proportionalfake, 151, 251fishing, 981fractional, 115, 155, 231, 718gold, 154-158, 569gold dust, 569, 2024-2026GPO, 293-295, 306, 581, 618, 685-686, 1036, 2333graduated see weights, purpose, proportionalgrain, 52, 82, 332hydrostatical, 255-262, 1494inspectors, 90-92, 108, 115, 119, 137, 733jewellers, 78, 292, 294, 1102kitchen, 611, 1729, 2074-2075laboratory, 115millers, 1116-1120Mint, 965money-changers, 1497-1498

munitions, 1272paper, 297, 1689-1690parcel, 942, 945, 1261person, 113, 296, 694-695, 2803photographic, 113poise, 1026postal, 60, 88, 125, 131-133, 142, 295, 306, 345,

353, 684-691, 933-950, 988, 1227, 1231, 1479-1483, 1667-1683, 2243, 2817

probiergewichte see grainproportional, 113, 258-259, 280, 296-298, 635,

657, 694, 878, 897, 1169, 1689, 1726, 2086, 2347, 2824

rider, 3-6, 563-564, 589-590, 718, 1169, 2803sc testing, 611school, 1264scientific, 633, 718, 795-796Standards, 90, 297, 315, 386, 390, 812, 856, 1127,

1212, 1346, 1348, 2011, 2243, 2355, 3508-3512

test, 9, 292, 306, 333, 337, 711trade, 20-24, 35, 43-48, 83-85, 108, 143, 237, 250,

279, 296, 519, 535, 633, 731-735, 789, 864-868, 907, 1023-1025, 1048, 1078, 1201, 1331, 1335, 1346, 1349, 1350-1351, 1930, 1989, 2005, 2037, 2067, 2243

tryers,' 1038US PO, 1047water see hydrostaticalwool, 1328, 1347, 1350, 2802

replacement, 3158rust treatment, 219, 280standard of, accurate, 2216Standards for USA 1744, 1859-1860uses for, 2243wear & tear, 2067

Weights, 2575Weights & Measures

administration, 1183, 3036Arabic, 162in Bavaria, 642in Belgium, 280confiscated, 3336Dutch, 280in England, 17, 181, 613, 711-716, 730, 961, 2263,

2331balances for inspectors, 2263, 2331testing & adjusting, 2231

false, 3335-3336fines 1636, 1138fradulent, 3335-3336in Germany, 506, 642, 888indenture, 181inspections, 8, 20, 280, 851-855, 974, 1004-1007,

1035-1036, 1470inspectors, 8, 20, 37, 43, 974, 2223, 2232, 2331, 3036,

3335-33361910 advice to, 2223

inspectors in Japan, 319in Ireland, 20laws, 2223

prosecutions of, 2223

violation of, 2223laws in G B, 1182-1188, 2550medieval, 17, 776-783in Scotland 1892, 34sealers, 2223tolerances, 2223trading function, 1036in United States, 102, 1470, 2965US Agencies, 2965verifying "Local Verification Marks" (articles by

Biggs), 1891-1896, 1924-1930, 1955-1961, 1977-1983, 2031-2037

Weights & Measures Act of 1824, British, 3507-3512Weights & Measures Act of 1834-35, British revised, 3509Weights & Measures Act of 1904, 2206, 2209Weights & Measures Act of June 26, 1906, French, 3325Weights & Measures Administration by Proctor (review),

906Weights & Measures by Graham (review), 226Weights & Measures Control in South Africa by Haigh,

439-444Weights & Measures Department

British, 2220, 2263Board of Trade, 2220-2221, 2261-2263

examiners of, 2220international approval, 2130

"Weights & Measures in Colonial America" (article by Mahoney), 1135-1140

"Weights & Measures in Lindsey C C" (article), 1341-1345Weights & Measures in Victoria by Proctor (review), 906Weights & Measures Methuen's Outlines by O'Keefe

(1966), 435, 2037, 2092Weights & Measures of England by Connor (review), 1074Weights & Measures Regulations of 1890, 2265Weights & Measures Regulations of 1907, 2220, 2550Weights & sc, interdependence, 290Weights & Scales by Mehlman (review), 163Weights & Weight-like Objects from Caesarea Maritima

(review), 3498"Weights for Accepting Foreign Gold Coin"(article by

Katz), 3395-3396Weights holder of pottery, German, 1463Weights in Pictures (Gewichten in Beeld) (review), 266Weights loading, mechanical, 718-719"Weights made of Silver" (article by Zavattoni), 2766"Weights of the Bible" (article by Holland), 2507-2510,

2550Weights symbols

apothecary, 830, 893-894Arabic, 912dram, 830

Weighty Problem, puzzle, 394, 435-436Weiland see Klippert, Vogt & WeilandWeintraud & Co Ges

patentee, 707postal sc mkr, 707

Weiss'"Charles Dickens' Scale" (article), 838-839"Entertaining Trade Cards" (article), 898-901Kitchen Scales (letter), 848"Shaw's Scales and Weights" (article), 2160-2163

Weiss, Lew, biography, 2163

Welch, W M Mfg Co, trip sc mkr, 3094-3095Wells, J J see Smith, G & Wells, J JWells Fargo & Co Express, 1216Well's Restoration Workshop (article), 1318-1319Wembley exhibition 1930, 1199Wembley lion, Herbert & Sons Ltd, 1199Wenborn, Frederick Thomas

dates, 1738succeeded by Doyle, Leonard, 1738successor of Wenborn, Mrs H, 1738

Wenborn, Mrs Hdates, 1738succeeded by Wenborn, Frederick Thomas, 1738successor of Wenborn, Thomas, 1738widow of Wenborn, Thomas, 1738

Wenborn, Robertapp of Astill, Susannah, 1739coin sc mkr, 22, 1739dates, 22, 1736, 1739employed by Young & Son, 1739, 1745master of Birch, George, 1739master of Randall, Charles Henry, 1739master of Twine, Joseph, 1738repair & adjust by quarter or year, 22succeeded by Greenhill, Benjamin Mills, 1736, 1739

Wenborn, Thomasdates, 1738husband of Wenborn, Mrs H, 1738succeeded by Wenborn, Mrs H, 1738

Wertheim, P, postal sc patentee, 705-706Wesner, Terry, biography, 2738, 2820Wesner's

"Reynold's Patent Model" (article), 2736-2738"The Role of the Patent Model Museum" (article),

2819-2820West, A A, weigh scoop patentee, 492West, Smithfield, 1745West, U & Dearborn, Benjamin & Loring, D, coin sc

patentee, 2064Western Scale Works, spring bal mkr, 1039Westerwald measure see beer measureWestfalisches Landesmuseum Munster, n d catalogue, 64Westfield & Co, postal sc retailers, 938Westminster, 1926, 1961

inspectors stamping wts, 1893Westphal

roberval sc mkr, 2601specific gravity bal, 756

Westphal's design, 1640, 1642Westropp

author, 87, 1478, 1608, 1796, 1846, 1881Notes on Irish Money Weights & Foreign Coin Current

in Ireland (review), 87Westwood, I & O see Westwood, John & ObediahWestwood, John & Obediah, 466-467

coin sc mkr, 1508coin wts mkr, 466, 967, 1508dates, 1508

Weymouth, Lord, report on clipping coin, 265Wharton, T & Sons

candlestick sc mkr, 405, 3102, 3108-3109dates, 3108-3109

postal sc mkr, 401-402, 405-406, 3102, 3108-3109Wharton, W & Sons, dates, 3097-3098, 3108"What Happened to Walter?" (article by Moss), 3242,

3244, 3246-3249, 3255"What Kind of Poise?" (query by Barnet), 2835-2837"What Will Happen to my Collection?" (article by

Crawforth), 971-972"What Will Happen to my Collection?" (letter from Brass),

1036"What's My Line-Scale Collecting Adjuncts" (article by

Katz), 2854-2856Wheaten bread, 1052Wheatley, John

apprentice of Brind, William, 1737apprentice of Ridgard, Joseph, 1737

Wheelbarrow sc, 78Wheler, Robert Bell, Stratford historian, 2467Whipple Museum, n d catalogue, 593Whippy, Steggall & Co, jockey wt mkr, 825Whippy, Steggall & Co Ltd, jockey wt mkr, 825Whippy, Steggall & Fleming, jockey wt mkr, 825White, J & Son

dates, 1444roberval counter sc, 1071Scottish sc mkr, 1071, 3045

White, John, Auchtermuchty, 3045, 3342-3343White, John & Son

pot plate, 1445trade sc mkr, 1445

White, Oliver C, egg sc patentee, 382, 389White, William

apprentice of Moffett, Elizabeth, 1739dates, 1739

White Bros & Copot plate, 1445trade sc mkr, 1445

White Line Egg Grader see White Mfg CoWhite Mfg Co, 381-382, 389, 922, 1280-1282, 1284, 1973

egg sc mkr, 381, 389, 1280-1284Gilt Edge trade name, 382steelyard mkr, 1973unequal arm sc mkr, 1973

White spirit, definition, 1272Whitefield, Edward see Whitfield, EdwardWhitehead, Morris & Co, postal sc retailers, 938Whitehead & Honey, bread, sc mkr, 1089Whitehouse, Jabez & John

dates, 638wts, 635, 637-639

Whitehurst, JohnLunar Society, 1120stamper of wts at Mint, 1081-1082, 1474

Whitemarsh, Williamapprentice of Roberts, Timothy, 1732dates, 1732master of Bullwinkle, Thomas, 1732

White's, "Weighing Huge Aeroplanes"(article), 3440-3441Whitfield see Balden & WhitfieldWhitfield, Edward, 1508-1509

also spelled Whitefield, 1508dates, 1508

Whitford, Samuel

apprentice of Lind, John, 1732dates, 1732scientific instrument mkr, 1732

Whitley, Johnfolding gold bal mkr, 1827folding gold bal retailer, 1626retailing folders by Bell, Hamlet, 1626

Whitmore see Ford, Whitmore & BruntonWhitmore, William

dates, 1508patentee, 1508platform sc patentee, 692steelyard mkr, 1508weighing machine patentee, 692

Whitney, Eli, interchangeable parts of, 2216Whitworth & Yates, 1509

coin wts mkr, 1508date, 1508

"Who'd be a Baker" (article by Crawforth D), 1051-1059, 1087-1098

Wholesalers, Salter, G & Co, 1439Wholesalers beam sc, Parnall & Sons, 1456"Why Check for Counterfeits?" (article by Duggan), 3409-

3413"Why Vacuum Weighing?" (article by Allgeier), 2592-

2593"Why Weigh Solder?" (article by Berning), 2525-2529Whyte's, "A Salesman's Tale" (article), 3438-3439Wiarda, J, ccd patentee, 875Wiedeman

C-spring mkr, 1864mancur mkr, 431, 1863

Wiggington, Jamesapprentice of Sawgood, John, 1735dates, 1735succeeded by Wiggington, James & Thomas, 1735

Wiggington, James & Thomasdates, 1735succeeded by Shorey, Ebenezer G, 1735successors of Wiggington, James, 1735

Wight, patentee, 396, 481Wilcox, spring bal mkr, 1555Wilcox Silver Plate Co

American sc mkr, 1665-1666, 1679postal sc mkr, 1665-1666, 1679spring sc mkr, 1679steelyard mkr, 1665-1666

Wiley, Joe, biography, 2140, 2230Wiley's

"Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1" (article), 2131-2140

"My Mysterious Scale" (article), 2227-2230Wilford, David I

coin sc mkr, 242dates, 1734father of Wilford, David II, 1734master of 5 apprentices at once, 1729master of Hall, John, 1734master of Jones, Robert, 1734master of Joy, John, 1734master of Wilford, David II, 1734succeeded by Joy, John, 1734

Wilford, David IIapprentice of Wilford, David I, 1734dates, 1734son of Wilford, David I, 1734

Wilkes, Donald F, 2501Wilkes, James, sc mkr, 3089, 3090Wilkes, spring bal mkr, 1555Wilkinson, Anthony

coin sc mkr, 502-503, 627-629, 672-675, 1624, 1626, 1827, 2224, 2537-2539, 3409-3411

coin wt mkr, 503folding gold bal mkr, 502-503, 627-629, 672-675,

1624-1625, 1827, 2537-2539, 3409-3411making folders for Arstall, William, 2002making folders for Bell, Hamlet, 1626working in Kirkby, 3410working in Ormskirk, 3409

Willard, Ruth, biography, 2053Willard & Berning's, "US Patents, 1886-1888" (article),

2868-2871Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins'

"US Patents 1837-1865" (article), 2663-2671"US Patents 1866-1870" (article), 2696-2700"US Patents 1871-1873" (article), 2726-2728"US Patents 1873-1877" (article), 2747-2756"US Patents 1877-1879" (article), 2779-2784"US Patents 1881-1882" (article), 2808-2811"US Patents 1882-1885" (article), 2840-2844

Willard's"Angldile Computing Scales, Part 1" (article), 2131-

2140"Basic Library for Americans" (article), 2091-2096"Celebrity Inventors" (article), 2844"Pennywise, Not Pound Foolish, Part 1" (article), 2423-

2433"Pennywise, Not Pound Foolish, Part 2" (article), 2457-

2463"Reflections on Dr Fitch" (article), 2050-2053"X Marks the Patent" (article), 2637-2639

William, beam sc mkr, 2314William & Mary of G B

coin wts, 461, 882, 917, 1041coinage, 461, 914, 1041Recoinage, 1041

"William Ball of Bister" (article by Simcock), 2388-2390William III

coin wts, 463, 882, 917coinage, 463, 914see also weights, monarch

William IV of G B see weights, monarchWilliam's, Query, 2994Williams, Edward

apprentice of Williams, Thomas I, 1731dates, 1731master of Skinner, George, 1731

Williams, Edward Williamapprentice of Williams, William I, 1731junior partner of Williams, William & Sons, 1731

Williams, John, Michigan scale inventor, 3243Williams, T, coin operated sc patentee, 2152, 2452Williams, Thomas, coin sc retailer, 2082Williams, Thomas I

employer of Lee, Thomas, 1731folding gold bal retailer, 508master of five relations?, 1742master of Hudson, Robert, 1730master of Medwin, Thomas, 1738master of Skinner, William, 1732, 2066master of Smith, William, 1730master of Williams, Edward, 1731master of Williams, William I, 1731two shops at once, 2082

Williams, Thomas II7 addresses in East London, 2082successors of Burchfield, Thomas & Son, 1732

Williams, Thomas IIIcoin sc retailer, 2082trade card, 2082

Williams, Walterson of Williams, William II, 1731tea sc mkr, 1731

Williams, William & Sonsdates, 1731, 1734succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co, 1731, 1734

Williams, William Iapprentice of Williams, Thomas I, 1731coin sc retailer, 1419-1420master of Williams, Edward William, 1731master of Williams, William II, 1731senior partner of Williams, William & Sons, 1731tea sc mkr, 1419

Williams, William IIapprentice of Williams, William I, 1731father of Williams, Walter, 1731junior partner of Williams, William & Sons, 1731

Willispatent, 2124-2125, 2600poise collecting postal scale, 2124-2125poise lifting postal scale, 2124-2125scale made by Holtzapffel, 2124-2125scale made by J & E Ratcliffe, 2124

Willis, Rpatentee, 133-134, 398-399, 1223, 2600postal sc patentee, 398-399, 1223, 1469

Wilshire, sc mkr, 901Wilson (author), 808, 827, 830Wilson, Increase

American sc retailer, 878, 960ccd mkr, 760dates, 960trade card, 760, 904

Wilson, Jerry, biography, 2319Wilson, John

coin sc mkr, 496, 500sc mkr, 3087

Wilson, R & Bailey, W H, postal patentee, 456Wilson & Gill

postal sc retailers, 938roberval sc retailer, 1667

Wilson Manufacturing Co, American sc mkr, 960Wilson's

"A Lion in Venice" (article), 2586-2587"A Prize Assay Balance" (article), 2792-2794"D L Vaid, Indian scale-maker" (article), 2420

"Scale Hunting in Sri Lanka" (article), 2311-2319"Slow Discovery" (article), 2520-2524"To What End" (article), 2934

Wimmerlin, roberval sc mkr, 2487Winchester measure, 1153

coomb, 1160pottle, 1138, 1160use in America, 1137

Winderschmid, Christoph, mastersign of orb, 1899Winderschmid, Christoph Rudolf, mastersign of orb, 1899Winderschmid, Hans Georg, mastersign of orb, 1899Windle & Blyth

postal sc retailers, 755STS retailers, 755

"Windmill Weights" (article by Rangeley), 1116-1120Wine measure, American, 1139Winfield, candlestick scale mkr, 3369-3373Winfield, Robert Walter, 10-12, 233, 405, 427, 2371, 3099-

3107, 3109Birmingham sc mkr, 1725, 2643-2644, 3099-3107,

3109candlestick sc design registered, 404, 2371, 3099, 3105candlestick sc mkr, 403-407, 1792, 1976, 3099-3107,

3109, 3304dates, 3304with tension spring, 3304

ccd mkr, 11coin sc mkr, 233dates, 1073, 3104-3105design registration, 11, 336, 404-406, 3099, 3105,

33719office in London, 1725patent, 404postal sc mkr, 10-12, 396, 400-408, 1073, 1223, 1976,

2371, 3099-3107, 3109, 3369-3373wts mkr, 11

"Winfield, Robert Walter" (article by Green), 10-12Winfield retailer, Waterlow & Sons, 2999-3000"Winfield's Rare Candlestick" (article by Robinson), 3369-

3373Winsbury, John

apprentice of Tadloo, Joseph, 1733dates, 1731master of Deboos, Henry, 1733succeeded by Winsbury, John & Son, 1733successor of Bassingham, Robert (not William), 1731

Winsbury, John & Sonbankers sc mkr, 1733successors of Winsbury, John, 1733

Winspeare, Thomasapprentice of Hoe, Robert, 1736dates, 1736master of Ball, William, 1736

Winterthur Museum, 2472Wire beam see beam, wireWire wts

definition, 344see also weights, purpose, laboratory

Wise, Charles, candlestick sc mkr, 3128Wiseman, A

pot plate, 1455trade sc mkr, 1455

Witherell, Erie, patentee, 2862-2864Witherell, Loren

biography, 2864-2865patentee, 2845-2846, 2861-2865

Witherell, Loren R & Erie A, patentees, 2862Withers (authors), 1778, 1846, 2072, 2445Withers, Bente, biography, 2444Withers, Paul, biography, 2444Withers, Paul & Bente, authors, 3040Withers' "Hallmarks on Base Metal" (article), 1471-1479Without grains

on coin wts, 986-987, 1013definition, 986, 1013see also least current weight

Witte (author), 65Witte, A de, 1899 reprint, 65Wittop-Koning & Houben (authors), 1898-1899Wittop-Koning & Houben's 2000 Jaar Gewichten in de

Nederlaand (review), 355Wollaston, Rev F J H, scientist, 328Wolschot, J F, trade card, 1295Wolschott, J F, coin sc mkr, 233-234, 254, 1295Wolverhampton mark, 2033Woman Holding a Balance, painting by Vermeer, 742Wombwell, Charles, coin sc mkr, 1727Women sc mkrs, 1744Wood, retailer of wts, 480Wood, A R, bread, sc mkr, 1089Wood, Henry

dates, 1193succeeded by Herbert, Thomas & Sons, 1732, 1746successor of Wood, Robert & Henry, 1732weighing machine mkr, 1193

Wood, John Iapprentice of Roberts, Timothy, 243, 1732coin sc mkr, 243, 1140, 1192, 1199dates, 1193, 1732father of Wood, Richard, 2090husband of Wood, Mary, 1737master of Claridge, Richard, 1732master of Wood, Richard, 1732succeeded by Goulding, Thomas, 1732, 1746, 2090succeeded by Wood, Mary, 1737

Wood, Josephdate, 1508steelyard mkr, 1508

Wood, Marydates, 1737master of Taylor, William II, 1737successor of Wood, John I, 1737, 1744widow of Wood, John I, 1737

Wood, Richardapprentice of Wood, John, 1732coin sc mkr, 1732, 2090dates, 1193, 1732master of Goulding, Somerset, 1741master of Wood, Robert, 1732partner of Wynn, John, 1732sc mkr, 3085, 3088-3089successor of Goulding, Thomas, 1732, 1746

Wood, Robertapprentice of Wood, Richard, 1732, 2090

butchers sc mkr, 1192coin sc mkr, 1192dates, 1193master of Bartlett, John (line omitted), 1732master of Clemson, William, 1732sc mkr, 3086, 3090succeeded by Wood, Robert & Henry, 1732successor of Wynn & Wood, 1732

Wood, Robert & Henryaddress, 2090dates, 1193, 1732partnership, 2090succeeded by Wood, Henry, 1732successors of Wood, Robert, 1732weighing machine mkr, 1193

Wood, Vallance & Adamsbutchers sc retailer, 1438Canadian sc retailer, 1437-1438

Wood, Williamapprentice of Brooksby, Thomas II, 1735dates, 1735sc mkr, 3088

Wood cleaning, 1267Wood seal see verificationWood St, 1745Woodage, George Cave

apprentice of Badcock, William Geagle, 1735apprentice of Blackman, Solomon, 1735dates, 1735employed by DeGrave, Charles, 1735, 1745home address, 1741master of Anderson, James Andrew, 1738master of Lawrence, Edward, 1738, 1741work address, 1741

Woodage, William Cave, master of Nicholl, George Lewis, 1738

Wooden bal, designed by Kater, Henry, 2081Wooden sc, 591

bismar, 1030, 1241dead-weight, 1648decimal sc, 888double roberval, 1725postal steelyard, 101roberval, 1724spring, 896

Woodruff,Thomas, baubler, 3305Woodruff's Beehive Bazaar, retailers, 360-361Woodworm treatment, 1267Wool sc see yarn balWool staplers sc, 1567Wool weighing, 1327, 1567, 1987, 1992-1994, 1996, 2017-

2021Woolaston, Rev F J H, 234Wooley, James Sons & Co

precision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument retailer, 1822see also catalogue

Wooley, James Sons & Co Ltdprecision bal mkr, 1726, 1822scientific instrument retailer, 1726, 1822see also catalogue

Wooley, Leonidas G

assignee to Michigan Scale Co, 3244Michigan patentee, 3244

Wooley & Hemings, coin sc retailer, 282Woolhouse (author), 1121, 1608Woolhouse's Measures Weights & Monies of All Nations

(review), 188Woolsack, 2020-2021Worcester, pears three mark, 1928Worcester mark, 1928Worcestershire, SIGILL COMIT VIGORN & 3 pears mark,

1977Working Papers 1 Studies in Design & Technology (1987)

(review), 1705-1712Working Standards

definition, 90see also Weights, purpose, standards

Workshop, 1741World Post Union, 3445

foundation of, 3445Wormser's

"Caught Short" (article), 32-34"Collecting Adventures" (article), 221-225

Wornell, Johnapprentice of Freeman, Samuel II, 1734coin sc mkr, 2540master of O'Briant, Benjamin, 1734master of Reeves, Thomas, 1734master of Sewell, George, 1734, 2540

"Worth the Weight" (article by Pittard), 3319Wortley

author, 87Early Letter Weighing Devices of Great Britain

(review), 87Wratt, F, patentee, 549Wright, sc mkr, 3091Wright, Alexander & Co


Wright, Betty, biography, 2271Wright, Edward (omitted in error), master of Smelt,

Samuel, 1738Wright, H B

design registration, 529-530, 1220postal sc mkr, 1029, 1220, 1232, 1291, 1293, 2688

Wright, Henryironmonger, 2002, 2006trade sc mkr, 2002, 2006, 2014

Wright, Johnapprentice of Hoe, Robert, 1736apprentice of Townsend, Richard, 1736

Wright, R K, wts retailer, 84Wright's

"A Mystery Solved, The Small Metal Clip Did It." (article), 2269-2271

"How I Started" (article), 1975-1976, 2553"Howard & Davis" (article), 2367-2375

WT (Tongue, William), 1943Wuqiyyah see weights, denomination, wuqiyyahWyatt, John

bibliography, 656-659dates, 1508, 3448

designer, 661, 692, 3448pit scale maker, 3448-3452weighing machine mkr, 1508, 3448-3452

Wyatt,John, platform scale invention, 3448-3452Wynn, John

apprentice of Astill, William, 1732dates, 1732master of Bartlett, John, 1732master of Burchfield, Thomas, 1732master of McCraight, Richard, 1735partner of Wood, Richard, 1732succeeded by Wynn & Wood, 1732successor of Croome, Thomas, 1732, 1733

Wynn & Wooddates, 1732succeeded by Wood, Robert, 1732successors of Wynn, John, 1732Wynn, John & Wood, Richard, 1732

Wyon, William, chief engraver at Mint, 1127

X"X Marks the Patent" (article by Willard), 2637-2639X-Patents, 2637-2639, 2663

issued before patent office fire, 2637-2639X S see weights, denomination, half-sovereign; weights,

denomination, half-unite; weights, denomination, laurel

XI S see angel; weights, denomination, half-uniteXII D see weights, denomination, shillingXV S see weights, denomination, spur-ryalXVI [S] VII [D] see weights, denomination, spur-ryalXX S see weights, denomination, guinea; weights,

denomination, sovereignXXII S see weights, denomination, uniteXXX D see weights, denomination, half-crownXXX III S see weights, denomination, rose-ryalXXX S see weights, denomination, rose-ryalXXX [S] III [D] see weights, denomination, half-crown

YY N R, mark on wts, 122Y V design, platform sc, 695, 724Y W R, mark on wts, 122Yakushu bakari see steelyardYale, Alan, biography, 2191Yale, Allen, 3071Yale's

"Gerald's Advert, 1844" (article), 2191Ingenious and Enterprising Mechanics, 1997, 2194-

2196"Thaddeus Fairbanks' Invention, 1830, Part 1" (article),

2283-2286"Thaddeus Fairbanks' Invention, 1830, Part 2" (article),

2326-2329"Thaddeus Fairbanks' Invention, 1830, Part 3" (article),

2344-2349Yard measure, wooden, 1160Yardage sc see yarn balYarn bal

definition, 340, 344equal-arm, 1171-1174, 1759

glass, 1168instructions

Clayton, Dr Frederick, 1759Nesbitt, John, 1790

inventorClayton, Dr Frederick, 1759Ludlam, W, 572, 605-606Staub, 340, 1073

mkrAvery, W & T Ltd, 1173Bastick & Driver, 1734Casartelli, J & Son, 1103, 1133Casartelli, J & Son Ltd, 957Clayton, Dr Frederick, 1170-1171, 1759Gardner, John, 1309Lord, Horatio, 1171Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1654Nesbit, 1103Oertling, Ludwig, 1173Rouse, 573, 605Salter, Geo & Co, 224, 518Schopper, Louis, 1174Thomas, Geo & Co Ltd, 1103Troemner, Henry, 1170, 3403-3404

moisture tester, 1150nationality

American, 1170, 3403-3404British, 224, 518, 957, 1103, 1133, 1171-1173German, 1174, 1654Irish, 1170-1172, 1759Scottish, 1309

patenteeAlbinson, J H & Cocker, H H, 1176Barlow, H B, 1176Beesley, H, 1176Bodmer, R, 1176British Research Association Barker, S G &

Hedges, J J, 1176Harling, G see yarn bal, patentee, Thomas, G &

Harling, GKnowles, T, 1174, 1176Saladin, L J B, 1176Staub, Emil, 1176Thirion, E, 1176Thomas, G, 1176Thomas, G & Harling, G, 1176Tomkins, M H, 1176Trafford, W, 1176

pendulum, 572, 605, 1174, 1309, 1654earliest?, 1309

precision bal, 1173retailer

Casartelli, 1174Clayton, F & J, 1760Clayton, F & Sons, 1760Goodbrand & Co Ltd, 1173-1174, 1726Lord, Henry, 1726Nesbitt, John, 1173

spring, 518unequal beam, 340, 1073, 1103, 1133, 1170

"Yarn Cloth & Roving Scales" (article by Crawforth), 1143-1150, 1168-1176

Yarnell, Ellis, American sc mkr, 1047Yates see Whitworth & YatesYearden measure, 1139Yeardley, Sir George, 3217Yearly, John, sc mkr, 3090Yeates, George & Son, Irish sc mkr, 1844Yeates & Son

dates, 1845electromagnetic bal mkr, 1754, 1845precision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

"Yekeri Steelyard Maker" (article by Crawforth, M), 645-646

Yellowing, 1237Yeoman, Thomas

platform sc mkr, 660, 710weighing machine mkr, 660

YMCA, St Johnsbury, VT founded by Fairbanks, 3067York (W IV lion mark), 1928Yorkshire East Riding, E R Y mark on wts, 122Yorkshire West Riding

liberties, 1972mark, 2031

"You Never Know Where You Will Find an Interest Scale"(article by Laycock), 3401-3403

Young (author), 808Young, Charles, date, 1740Young, Dr Thomas, researcher 1820, 1108Young, Elizabeth

dates, 1734successor of Young, George, 1740widow of Young, George, 1734

Young, Georgeapprentice of Young, John I, 1734brother of Young, John II, 1734dates, 1734husband of Young, Elizabeth, 1734son of Young, John I, 1734succeeded by Young, Elizabeth, 1740

Young, Jack, biography, 2190Young, John I

apprentice of Sewell, George, 1734, 2540coin sc mkr, 2540dates, 18, 1734diamond sc mkr, 1734father of Young, George, 1734father of Young, John II, 1734master of Grove, Thomas II, 1734, 1740master of Sewell, George, 2540master of Young, George, 1734, 1740, 2540master of Young, John II, 1734partner of Young, John II, 1734sc mkr, 18succeeded by Young & Son, 1734, 2540successor of Sewell & Young, 1734, 2540

Young, John IIapprentice of Young, John I, 1734brother of Young, George, 1734father of Young, John III, 1734master of Young, John III, 1734partner of Young, John I, 1734

son of Young, John I, 1734Young, John III

apprentice of Young, John II, 1734son of Young, John II, 1734

Young, Son & Marlowbread, sc mkr, 1089dates, 1734successors of Young & Son, 1734

Young & Co manufacturers, 3148-3150Young & Son, 355, 418-419, 1791, 2540

apothecary sc mkr, 800, 804apothecary wt mkr, 835coin/apothecary sc mkr, 799, 2540dates, 419, 1727employer of Wenborn, Robert, 1739grain sc mkr, 1727person sc mkr, 18, 113shop sc mkr, 800steelyard mkr, 800, 804succeeded by Young, Son & Marlow, 1734successors of Young, John I, 1734trade card, 800working with Bate, Robert Brettell, 1787wts, 800, 835Young, John I & Young, John II, 1734

"Young Person Scales" (article by Brass), 18Young,Standard mkr

price of, 2252Westminister Coat of Arms on, 2252

Young's"Domestic Medicine Chests," 808"Ohaus: Dr. Fitch's Descendent?" (article), 2188-2190

ZZak Danforth's Nesting Wts Einsatzgewichte & Piles a

Godet (review), 1165-1167Zavattoni, coin weights, 2387Zavattoni's

"English Colonial Scales" part 2 (article), 1818"Italian Coin-scale" (article), 1420-1422"Milanese Coin Scale-Boxes in 19th C" (article), 2357-

2361"Not Shekels but Ounces" (article), 2182"Seville Scale & the Circulation of Coin Weights"

(article), 2995-2997"Shakespear's Wood: Sharp" (query), 1323"Weights made of Silver" (article), 2766

Zehntausend Jahre WaageHaeberle (extract), 885-888Haeberle (review), 87, 610

Zenith, hanging, 3140-3144, 3306Zenith egg, see also Bedell, O WZenith egg grading scale, see also Zenith egg sc; Zenith egg

scalesZenith egg sc, 379, 415, 958, 3056-3059, 3081-3084, 3118-

3123, 3140-3144, 3306history, 3056-3059, 3081-3084, 3118-3123, 3140-3144

Zenith egg sc mkr, Coon, Tim, 3082-3083Zenith egg scales

Agway mkr, 3081, 3119-3120, 3143Bedell, Orlando W mkr, 3056-3059, 3118-3119, 3141-

3142

Coon, Tim mkr, 3082-3083, 3120-3122, 3143Grange League Federation mkr, 3081, 3119-3120,

3142-3143Grange mkr, 3058-3059, 3081, 3119-3120, 3142-3143labels, 3058-3059, 3084, 3119, 3142-3143manufacturers, 3059map of locations, 3083Pratt, N L mkr, 3059, 3081, 3120-3122, 3143Pratt, Sara wife of mkr, 3081, 3120-3121, 3143

Zenith Pedigree egg scaledials on, 3140, 3144, 3306graduations on, 3140, 3144, 3306retailer

Ketchum's of Ottawa, Ltd, 3144NORSCO, 3143

Zenith Pedigree Scale, 3140-3144, 3306for chicken eggs, 3140-3144, 3306

counterweight on, 3143comparison of, 3143label on, 3142-3143NORSCO mkr, 3141, 3144for turkey eggs, 3140-3141, 3143-3144, 3306

counterweight on, 3143Zenshiro, steelyard mkr, 321, 325Zenshiro bakari see steelyardZero adjuster, definition, 344Zevenboom & Wittop-Koning (authors), 87Zevenboon & Wittop-Koning's Nederlanse Gewichten

(review), 87Zimmer, Benjamin, 2295

dates, 2298-2299egg scale mkr, 2295egg scale patentee, 2295Jolly, C C, successor, 2296Kuhl, successor, 2296

Zimmerman, A & Mprecision bal mkr, 1822scientific instrument mkr, 1822see also catalogue

Zinc-alloy, 1665-1666Zippori, Israel see Sepphoris, IsraelZoge bakari see steelyardZoll, German unit of wt, 1439Zorn, Otto, grain sc mkr, 82Zulu wars, 1233Zupko

author, 2072British Weights & Measures (review), 188Dictionary of English Weights & Measures (review),

186Dictionary of W & M for the British Isles (review),

1074French Weights & Measures Before the Revolution

(review), 189Zwiesler, L, weigh scoop patentee, 492ZZZZZZ DONE TO, 3516