ENVIRONMENT AGENCY

Index of Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 1976 - 2011

Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials

2

3

Index of Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 1976 - 2011 Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials This booklet contains an index of the methods for the examination of waters and associated materials in order of their publication. There then follows an alphabetical listing of the more important parameters and topics covered in the published series where these may not be apparent from the title of the bluebook. This document replaces the previous index produced in 2008 ( bluebook 217).

4

Contents About this series 5 Warning to users 5 Glossary 6 Index of Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 1976 - 2011 7 Alphabetical listing of parameters and topics 23 Address for correspondence 104

About this series Introduction This booklet is part of a series intended to provide authoritative guidance on recommended methods of sampling and analysis for determining the quality of drinking water, ground water, river water and sea water, waste water and effluents as well as sewage sludges, sediments and biota. Performance of methods Ideally, all methods should be fully evaluated with results from performance tests. These methods should be capable of establishing, within specified or pre-determined and acceptable limits of deviation and detection, whether or not any sample contains concentrations of parameters above those of interest. In the procedures described in each method any reference to the tolerances to be adopted with respect to, for example the amount or volume of reagents to be used is left to the discretion of the laboratory. These tolerances should be as low as possible in order to satisfy stringent performance criteria. Tolerances of between 1 - 5 % have been shown to be satisfactory for most purposes. Lower tolerances should result in improved precision. In the methods described, for example for wavelengths, storage conditions, concentrations of the same or similar reagents, etc, differences may be noted. This information is provided by individual laboratories operating under their own management systems and is dependent on specific conditions pertaining to each laboratory. It is assumed this information is supported by sufficient data to justify its inclusion. Users intending to use or vary the quoted wavelengths, storage conditions, concentrations, etc, should ensure they are appropriate to their own laboratory and verify their application to demonstrate

appropriate performance of the method. In addition, good laboratory practice and analytical quality control are essential if satisfactory results are to be achieved. Standing Committee of Analysts The preparation of booklets within the series “Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials” and their continuing revision is the responsibility of the Standing Committee of Analysts. This committee was established in 1972 by the Department of the Environment and is now managed by the Environment Agency. Methods are produced by panels of experts in the appropriate field, often in co-operation with working groups and the main committee. The names of those members principally associated with these methods are listed at the back of this booklet. A report describing all SCA activities for the period 1 July to 30 June is produced annually and is available from the Agency’s web-page (www.environment-agency.gov.uk/nls). Users should ensure they are aware of the most recent version of the draft they seek. If users wish to receive copies or advance notice of forthcoming publications, or obtain details of the index of methods then contact the Secretary on the Agency’s internet web-page or by post, see address listed at the back of this booklet. Great efforts are made to avoid errors appearing in the published text. If, however, any are found, please notify the Secretary. Dr D Westwood Secretary February 2010

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Warning to users The analytical procedures described in this booklet should only be carried out under the proper supervision of competent, trained analysts in properly equipped laboratories. All possible safety precautions should be followed and appropriate regulatory requirements complied with. This should include compliance with the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 and all regulations made under the Act, and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/2677). Where particular or exceptional hazards exist in carrying out the procedures described in this booklet, then specific attention is noted.

Numerous publications are available giving practical details on first aid and laboratory safety. These should be consulted and be readily accessible to all analysts. Amongst such publications are; “Safe Practices in Chemical Laboratories” and “Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory”, 1992, produced by the Royal Society of Chemistry; “Guidelines for Microbiological Safety”, 1986, Portland Press, Colchester, produced by Member Societies of the Microbiological Consultative Committee; and “Safety Precautions, Notes for Guidance” produced by the Public Health Laboratory Service. Another useful publication is “Good Laboratory Practice” produced by the Department of Health.

5

6

Glossary AAS atomic absorption spectrometry / spectrometric AFS atomic fluorescence spectrometry / spectrometric APDC ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate API American petroleum industry AQC analytical quality control BOD biological oxygen demand BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes CIELAB international commission on illumination L*a*b* values COD chemical oxygen demand DNA desoxyribonucleic acid DPD N-N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine DTA direct toxicity assessment E. coli Escherichia coli EAAAS electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry EC electron capture EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid FIA flow injection analysis FID flame ionisation detector FPD flame photometric detector GC gas chromatography / chromatographic HPLC high performance liquid chromatography / chromatographic IC ion chromatography / chromatographic ICP inductively coupled plasma IR infra-red spectrometry ISE ion selective electrode LTPRI linear temperature programmed Rf index MF membrane filtration MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone MS mass spectrometry / spectrometric MT multiple tube NSD nitrogen specific detector OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OES optical emission spectrometry P and T purge and trap PAH polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons PCB polychlorinatedbiphenyls QC quality control Rf retention time Rp reverse phase SRT sludge Rf time TLC thin layer chromatography / chromatographic UV ultraviolet

7

STANDING COMMITTEE OF ANALYSTS

METHODS FOR THE EXAMINATION OF WATERS AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS

Index of publications (Documents with an ISBN number were previously published by HMSO, documents without an ISBN number are available via the Environment Agency (www.environment-agency.gov.uk/nls). Book Number ISBN 1. Emission spectrophotometric multielement methods of 0117500151

analysis for waters, sediments and other materials of interest to the water industry 1980

2. Cadmium in potable waters by atomic absorption 0117511366

spectrophotometry 1976 3. Lead in potable waters by atomic absorption 0117511374

spectrophotometry 1976 4. Chemical oxygen demand (dichromate value) of polluted 0117512494

and waste waters 1977 (see bluebooks 215 and 216) 5. Amenability of sewage sludge to anaerobic digestion 1977 0117512508 6. The sampling and initial preparation of sewage and 0117512516

waterworks' sludge, soils, sediments and plant materials prior to analysis 1977 (replaced by bluebook 89)

7. Determination of the pH value of sludge, soil, mud and 0117512524 sediment; and lime requirement of soil 1977

8. Magnesium in waters and sewage effluents by atomic 0117513121

absorption spectrophotometry 1977 9. Calcium in waters and sewage effluents by atomic 011751313X

absorption spectrophotometry 1977 10. Mercury in waters, effluents, and sludges by flameless 0117513261

atomic absorption spectrophotometry 1978 11. Iron in raw and potable waters by spectrophotometry 011751327X

(using 2, 4, 6 - tripyridyl - 1, 3, 5 - triazine) 1977 12. Manganese in raw and potable waters by spectrophotometry 0117513288

(using formaldoxime) 1977

8

13. Organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated 0117513733 biphenyls in waters 1978

14. The measurement of electrical conductivity and the 0117514284

laboratory determination of the pH value of natural, treated and waste waters 1978

15. The determination of material extractable by carbon 0117514365

tetrachloride and of certain hydrocarbon oil and grease components in sewage sludge 1978

16. Dissolved oxygen in natural and waste waters 1979 011751442X 17. Arsenic in potable and sea water by spectrophotometry 0117514519

(arsenomolybdenum blue procedure) 1978 Tentative Method 18. Methods for biological sampling - 0117514527

Handnet sampling of aquatic benthic macro-invertebrates 1978 19. The instrumental determination of total organic carbon, 0117514586

total oxygen demand and related determinands 1979 20. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry - An essay review 1979 0117514616 21. Determination of volatile fatty acids in sewage 0117514624

sludge 1979 22. The analysis of sludge digester gas 1979 0117514632 23. Acid soluble aluminium in raw and potable waters by 0117514640

spectrophotometry (using pyrocatechol violet) 1979 24. Air segmented continuous flow automatic analysis. 0117514705

An essay review 1979 25. General principles of sampling and accuracy of results 0117514918

1980 (replaced by bluebook 143) 26. Sulphate in waters, effluents and solids 1979 0117514926 (replaced by bluebook 136) 27. Chemical disinfecting agents in waters and effluents, and 0117514934

chlorine demand 1980 (updated by bluebook 218) 28. Chromium in raw and potable waters and 0117515280

sewage effluents 1980 29. A survey of multielement and related methods of analysis 0117515299

for waters, sediments and other materials of interest to the water industry 1980

9

30. Ultra-violet and visible solution spectrophotometry and 0117515388 colorimetry 1980

31. Zinc in potable waters by atomic absorption 0117515418

spectrophotometry 1980 32. Copper in potable waters by atomic absorption 0117515426

spectrophotometry 1980 33. Bromide in waters, high level titrimetric method 1981 0117515434 34. Chloro- and bromo-tri halogenated methanes in water 0117515442

1980 35. Dissolved potassium in raw and potable waters 1980 0117515450

Tentative Methods 36. Dissolved sodium in raw and potable waters 1980 0117515469

Tentative Methods 37. Silicon in waters and effluents 1980 0117515574 38. Phosphorus in waters, effluents and sewages 1980 0117515825 39. Boron in waters, effluents, sewage and some solids 1980 0117515833 40. Oxidized nitrogen in waters 1981 0117515930 41. Odour and taste in raw and potable waters 1980 0117515973 (see bluebooks 156, 171, 196, 197 and 233) 42. Hydrazine in waters - spectrophotometric method 1981 011751599X 43. Total hardness, calcium hardness and magnesium hardness 0117516007

in raw and potable waters by EDTA titrimetry 1981 44. The determination of alkalinity and acidity in Water 0117516015

1981 45. Cobalt in potable waters 1981 0117516031 46. Nickel in potable waters 1981 011751604X 47. Analysis of surfactants in waters, waste waters and 0117516058

sludges 1981 48. Ammonia in waters 1981 0117516139 49. Cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in 0117516155

sewage sludges by nitric acid/AAS 1981

10

50. Phenols in waters and effluents by gas chromatography - 0117516171 4-aminoantipyrine and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinehydrazone 1981

51. Chloride in waters, sewage and effluents 1981 0117516260 52. Quantitative samplers for benthic macro-invertebrates 0117516279

in shallow flowing waters 1980 53. Pyrethrins and permethrin in potable waters by 0117516287

electron capture gas chromatography 1981 54. Biochemical oxygen demand 1981 0117516309 (replaced by bluebook 130) 55. The assessment of the nitrifying ability of activated 0117516554

sludge 1980 (Tentative Methods) 56. Antimony in effluents and raw, potable and sea waters by 0117516562

spectrophotometry (using crystal violet) 1982 Tentative Method

57. Determination of cation exchange capacity and 0117516570

exchangeable cations (including water soluble ions) in soils, related materials and sewage sludge 1979

58. Gas chromatography. An essay review 1982 0117516589 59. The determination of alkali extractable organic matter in 0117516597

ash 1981 60. Organo-phosphorus pesticides in river and drinking 0117516600

water 1980 Tentative Method 61. Assessment of biodegradability 1981 0117516619 62. Fluoride in waters, effluents, sludges, plants and soils 0117516627

1982 63. Methods for the isolation and identification of 0117516643

Salmonellae (other than Salmonella Typhi) from water and associated materials 1982

64. Acute toxicity testing with aquatic organisms 1981 0117516724 65. The determination of chlorophyll a in aquatic 0117516740

environments 1980 66. The bacteriological examination of drinking water 0117516759

supplies 1982 (Report 71)

11

67. Gas chromatographic and associated methods for the 0117516775 characterization of oils, fats, waxes and tars 1982

68. Silver in waters, sewages and effluents by 0117516783 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 1982

69. Arsenic in potable waters by atomic absorption 0117516791

spectrophotometry (semi automatic method) 1982 70. Molybdenum, especially in sewage sludges and soils 0117516805

by spectrophotometry 1982 71. Extractable metals in soils, sewage sludge-treated soils 0117516899

and related materials 1982 72. Formaldehyde, methanol, and related compounds in raw, 0117516902

waste and potable waters 1982 (Tentative Methods) 73. Sulphide in waters and effluents 1983 0117517186

(Tentative Methods) 74. Sampling for non-planktonic algae (benthic algae or 0117517259

priphyton) 1982 75. High performance liquid chromatography, ion 0117517267

chromatography, thin layer and column chromatography of water samples 1983

76. Iron and manganese in potable waters by atomic 0117517275

absorption spectrophotometry 1983 77. The determination of hydrocarbon oils in waters by 0117517283

solvent extraction, infra-red absorption and gravimetry 1983

78. Classical methods for the characterization of oils, fats 0117517291

and waxes by saponification, hydroxyl, iodine and acid values 1983

79. Methods for biological sampling - Sampling of benthic 0117517402

macro-invertebrates in deep rivers 1983

80. Determination of iodine, iodate, iodide and traces of 0117517607 bromide in waters (Tentative Method) 1984

81. Four essay reviews on applications of radiation 0117517763

measurement in the water industry 1984

12

82. The determination of organochlorine insecticides and 0117517771 polychlorinated biphenyls in sewages, sludges, muds and fish 1978 Organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in water, an addition, 1984

83. The conditionability, filterability, settleability and 0117517879 solids content of sludge 1984. A compendium of methods and tests

84. Methods of biological sampling - Sampling macro- 0117517895

invertebrates in water supply systems 1983 85. Methods of biological sampling - A colonization sampler for 0117517909

collecting macro-invertebrate indicators of water quality in lowland rivers 1983

86. Thin layer chromatograhic characterization of oils, 0117517917

fats, waxes and tars 1983 87. Urea in waters 1984 0117518638 88. The direct determination of biomass of aquatic 0117518832

macrophytes and measurement of underwater light 1985 89. The sampling and initial preparation of sewage and 0117518859

waterworks sludges, soils, sediments, plants and contaminated wildlife (2nd Edition) 1986

90. Chlorophenoxy acidic herbicides, trichlorobenzoic acid, 0117518867

chlorophenols, triazines and glyphosate in water 1985 91. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in sewage sludge. 0117518883

1985

92. Mercury in waters, effluent, soils and sediments etc 0117519073 (additional methods) 1985

93. Methods for the determination of metals in soils, 0117519081

sediments, and sewage sludge, and plants by hydrochloric-nitric acid digestion, with a note on the determination of insoluble metal contents 1986

94. Measurement of alpha and beta activity of water 011751909X and sludge samples. The determination of radon-222 and radium-226. The determination of uranium (including general X-ray fluorescent spectrometric analysis) 1985-6

13

95. Organophosphorus pesticides in sewage sludge; 011751912X organophosphorus pesticides in river and drinking water, an addition, 1985

96. Chlorobenzenes in waters; 0117519138

organochlorine insecticides and PCBs in turbid waters; halogenated solvents and related compounds in sewage sludge and waters 1985

97. Chemical oxygen demand (dichromate value) of polluted 0117519154

and waste waters 1986 (Second Edition) (see bluebooks 215 and 216)

98. The determination of carbon dioxide in natural, treated 0117519278

and beverage waters, with a supplement on sampling bottled and canned waters 1986

99. Selenium in waters 1984 0117519332

Selenium and arsenic in sludges, soils and related materials 1985 A note on the use of hydride generator kits 1987

100. Determination of sulphite, sulphur dioxide, 0117519340

thiosulphate and thiocyanate, with notes on the determination of total sulphur and other sulphur compounds 1985

101. Material extractable by light petroleum from sewage 0117519421

sludge (Tentative Method) 1985 102. Determination of the inhibitory effects of chemicals and 011751943X

waste waters on the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge 1986.

103. Colour and turbidity of waters 1981 0117519553 104. The sampling of oils, fats, waxes and tars in aqueous 0117519561

and solid systems 1983 105. Suspended, settleable and total dissolved solids 011751957X

in waters and effluents 1980 106. Methods for assessing the treatability of chemicals and 0117519596

industrial waste waters and their toxicity to sewage treatment processes 1982

107. The permanganate index and permanganate value tests for 011751960X waters and effluents 1983

14

108. Methods for the use of aquatic macrophytes for assessing 0117520004 water quality 1985-6

109. Lead and cadmium in fresh waters by atomic absorption 0117520039

spectrophotometry. (Second Edition). A general introduction to electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrophotometry 1986

110. Determination of very low concentrations of hydrocarbons 0117520047 and halogenated hydrocarbons in water 1984-5

111. Lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium in 0117520160

waters and sewage effluents by atomic absorption spectrophotometry 1987

112. Temperature measurement for natural, waste and potable 0117520179

waters and other items of interest in the water and sewage disposal industry 1986

113. The determination of six polynuclear aromatic 0117520322

hydrocarbons in waters (with notes on the determination of other PAHs) 1985

114. Examining biological filters, toxicity to aerobic 0117520373

bacteria, effect of SRT and temperature 1985-6 115. Determination of acrylamide monomer in waters and 011752039X

polymers 1987 116. Acid soluble aluminium in marine, raw and potable 0117520403

waters (Second Edition) 1987 117. Determination of diquat and paraquat in river and 0117520756

drinking waters. (Tentive Spectrophotometric Methods) 1987

118. The determination of oils and fats in waste water by 0117520764 filtration, solvent extraction and gravimetry 1987

119. The determination of colour of waters and waste waters. 0117520837

A supplement, 1988

120. The determination of pH in low ionic strength waters 0117520845 1988

121. Methods for sampling fish populations in shallow rivers 0117520853

and streams 1983 122. The determination of twelve trace metals in marine and 0117520861

other waters by voltammetry or AAS 1987

15

123. Antimony, arsenic, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, copper, 0117520950 gallium, germanium, indium, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc by electrothermal AAS 1988

124. The determination of microgram and sub-microgram amounts 0117520993

of individual phenols in river and potable waters 1988 125. The determination of methane and other hydrocarbon gases 0117521280

in water 1988 126. Kjeldahl nitrogen in waters 1987 0117521299 127. The determination of carbamates, thiocarbamates, 0117521515

related compounds and ureas in water 1987 128. Analysis of hydrocarbons in waters - A review, and 0117521701

An ultra-violet fluorescence spectrometric method 1988 129. The assessment of biodegradability in anaerobic 0117521914

digesting sludge 1988 130. 5 Day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) Second Edition 0117522120

1988 (with amendments to dissolved oxygen in waters). 131. Cyanide in waters etc 1988 (updated by bluebook 214) 0117522198 132. Determination of radioactivity in water by 0117522201

multinuclide gamma ray spectrometry 1989

133. The tentative identification of volatilizable organic 0117522228 compounds by linear temperature programmed gas chromatographic Rf indices, with notes on other methods for identifying organic substances 1988

134. Titrimetric determination of total and bicarbonate 0117522252 alkalinity and volatile fatty acids in sewage sludge 1980/89

135. The determination of formaldehyde, other volatile 011752235X aldehydes, ketones and alcohols in water 1988

136. Sulphate in waters, effluents and solids 1988 (Second Edition) 0117522406 137. Discrete and air segmented automated methods of 0117522546

analysis including robots An essay review (Second Edition) 1988

138. Isolation and identification of Giardia cysts, 0117522821

Cryptosporidium oocysts and free-living pathogenic amoebae in water etc 1989

16

139. The enumeration of algae, estimation of cell volume, 0117523070 and use in bioassays 1990

140. The determination of anions and cations, transition metals, 0117523313

other complex ions and organic acids and bases in water by chromatography 1990

141. Flow injection analysis 0117523399 An essay review and analytical methods 1990

142. The determination of organic, inorganic, total and 0117523607

specific tin compounds in water, sediments and biota 1992

143. General principles of sampling water and associated 011752364X

materials (Second Edition) 1996; Estimation of flow and load 1996

144. Use of plants to monitor heavy metals in freshwaters 0117523712

1991 145. Information on concentration and determination 0117523755

procedures in atomic spectrophotometry 1992 146. Determination of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides 0117523763

in water by gas-liquid chromatography 1992 147. Phosphorus and silicon in waters, effluents 0117523771

and sludges 1992 148. Determination of the adsorption characteristics of 0117524166

organic test substances in sewage treatment processes (Tentative Method) 1992

149. Determination of the pH value of sludge, soil, mud 0117524174

and sediment and the lime requirement of soil (Second Edition) 1992

150. Index of methods for the examination of waters and 011752669X

associated materials 1976 - 1992 (replaced by bluebook 217) 151. Chlorphenylid, flucofuron and sulcofuron in waters 0117527122

(Tentative Methods) 1993 152. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylphenol 0117527149

ethoxylates (APE) in waters, waste waters and sludges by high performance liquid chromatography 1993

17

153. A review and methods for the use of epilithic 0117527718 diatoms for detecting and monitoring changes in river water quality 1993

154. Determination of microcystin-LR in drinking waters by HPLC 0117529273 1994

155. Phenylurea herbicides (urons), dinocap, dinoseb, benomyl, 0117529281

carbendazim and metamitron in waters 1994

156. The determination of taste and odour in potable waters 1994 0117529672 (see bluebooks 41, 171, 196, 197 and 233) 157. The instrumental determination of total organic carbon 0117529796

and related determinands 1995 158. Determination of aldicarb and other N-methyl carbamates 0117529923

in waters 1994 159. The Microbiology of Water 1994 - Part 1 - Drinking Water 0117530107 160. Methods for the isolation and identification of human enteric 0117531391

viruses from waters and associated materials 1995 161. Method for isolation and identification of Escherichia 0117532290

coli O157:H7 1996 162. An evaluation of presence-absence tests for coliform organisms 0117532436

and Escherichia coli 1996 163. Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry 1996 0117532444 164. Determination of long alkyl chain quaternary ammonium 0117532614

compounds in environmental matrices by high performance liquid chromatography 1996

165. The determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in

waters (additional methods) 1997 166. The determination of acidic herbicides, bromoxynil, ioxynil

and pentachlorophenol in waters 1997

167. The determination of bromate, chlorate and chlorite in waters by ion chromatgraphy 1997

168. The determination of microcystin algal toxins in raw and treated

waters by high performance liquid chromatography 1998 169. Evaluation trials for two media for the simultaneous detection

and enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform organisms 1998

18

170. The determination of volatile organic compounds in waters and complex matrices by purge and trap or by headspace techniques 1998

171. The assessment of taste, odour and related aesthetic problems

in drinking waters 1998 (see bluebooks 41, 156, 196, 197 and 233)

172. Isolation and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in waters 1999 (replaced by bluebook 224)

173. The determination of tritium (tritiated water) activity concentration by

alkaline distillation and liquid scintillation counting 1999 174. The determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated

biphenyls in waters and complex matrices (2000) 175. The Microbiology of Recreational and Environmental Waters (2000) 176. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 1 - Water quality and public health 177. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 2 - Practices and procedures for

sampling (replaced by bluebook 232) 178. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 3 - Practices and procedures for

laboratories 179. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) -Part 4 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (including E. coli O157:H7) (replaced by bluebook 223)

180. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 5 - Isolation and enumeration of enterococci by membrane filtration (see bluebooks 202 and 229)

181. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 6 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of sulphite-reducing clostridia and Clostridium perfringens by membrane filtration (replaced by bluebook 192)

182. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) -Part 7 - The enumeration of heterotrophic

bacteria by pour and spread plate techniques (replaced by bluebook 212) 183. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 8 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by membrane filtration (replaced by bluebook 231) 184. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 9 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of Salmonella and Shigella by selective enrichment, membrane filtration and multiple tube most probable number techniques (replaced by bluebook 194)

185. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 10 - Methods for the isolation of

Yersinia, Vibrio and Campylobacter by selective enrichment

19

186. The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by dichloromethane

extraction using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (2003) 187. The determination of polychlorinated biphenyls by gas chromatography using

mass spectrometric detection (2003) 188. The Microbiology of Sewage Sludge (2003) - Part 1 - An overview of the treatment

and use in agriculture of sewage sludge in relation to its impact on the environment and public health

189. The Microbiology of Sewage Sludge (2003) - Part 2 - Practices and procedures for

sampling and sample preparation 190. The Microbiology of Sewage Sludge (2003) - Part 3 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of Escherichia coli, including verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli 191. The Microbiology of Sewage Sludge (2003) - Part 4 - Methods for the detection,

isolation and enumeration of Salmonellae (replaced by bluebook 195) 192. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2004) - Part 6 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of sulphite-reducing clostridia and Clostridium perfringens by membrane filtration (replaces bluebook 181 but replaced by bluebook 213)

193. A guide to practices, procedures and methodologies following oil spill

contamination incidents (2004) 194. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2004) - Part 9 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of Salmonella and Shigella by selective enrichment, membrane filtration and multiple tube most probable number techniques (replaces bluebook 184, but replaced by bluebook 206)

195. The Microbiology of Sewage Sludge (2004) - Part 4 - Methods for the detection,

isolation and enumeration of Salmonellae (replaces bluebook 191) 196. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2004) - Part 11 - Taste, odour and related

aesthetic problems (see bluebooks 41, 156, 171, 197 and 233) 197. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2004) - Part 12 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of micro-organisms associated with taste, odour and related aesthetic problems (see bluebooks 41, 156, 171, 196 and 233)

198. Guidance on the measurement of tritium in environmental samples (2005) 199. The assessment of aerobic biodegradability by measurement of dissolved and/or

gaseous inorganic carbon in sealed vessels (2005) 200. The determination of Legionella bacteria in water and other environmental

samples (2005) - Part 1 - Rationale of surveying and sampling

20

201. The preparation and pre-treatment of potentially contaminated soils prior to

chemical analysis (2006) 202. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2006) - Part 5 - The isolation and enumeration of

enterococci by membrane filtration (replaced by bluebook 229) 203. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the oyster

(Crassostrea gigas) embryo-larval development test (2006) (replaced by bluebook 209)

204. The determination of metals in solid environmental samples (2006) 205. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the marine

copepod Tisbe battagliai lethality test (2006) (replaced by bluebook 210) 206. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2006) - Part 9 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of Salmonella and Shigella by selective enrichment, membrane filtration and multiple tube-most probable number techniques (replaces bluebook 194)

207. Determination of the inhibitory effect of chemicals, industrial and other waste waters on

nitrification by Nitrosomonas bacteria (2006) 208. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the juvenile

Daphnia magna immobilisation test (2007) 209. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the oyster

(Crassostrea gigas) embryo-larval development test (2007) (replaces bluebook 203) 210. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the marine

copepod Tisbe battagliai lethality test (2007) (replaces bluebook 205) 211. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2007) - Part 13 - The isolation and enumeration

of aerobic spore-forming bacteria by membrane filtration 212. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2007) - Part 7 - Methods for the enumeration of

heterotrophic bacteria (replaces bluebook 182) 213. Microbiology of Drinking Water (2007) - Part 6 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of sulphite-reducing clostridia and Clostridium perfringens by membrane filtration (replaces bluebook 192) (replaced by bluebook 222, and subsequently by bluebook 230)

214. The determination of cyanide in waters and associated materials (2007)

(updates bluebook 131) (See also bluebook 235) 215. The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters and effluents (2007) (revises bluebook 97) 216. An inter-laboratory trial on chemical oxygen demand determinations (2007)

21

217. Index of Methods for the examination of waters and

associated materials 1976 - 2008 (replaces bluebook 150) (replaced by bluebook 236) 218. Chemical disinfecting agents in waters and effluents (2008)

(updates bluebook 27) 219. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata freshwater algal growth inhibition test (2008) 220. The determination of steroid oestrogens in waters using chromatography and mass

spectrometry (2008) 221. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the

Skeletonema costatum marine water algal growth inhibition test (2008) (replaced by bluebook 225) 222. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2009) - Part 6 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of sulphite-reducing clostridia and Clostridium perfringens by membrane filtration (replaces bluebook 213 but replaced by bluebook 230)

223. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2009) - Part 4 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (including E. coli O157:H7) (replaces bluebook 179)

224. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2009) - Part 14 - Methods for the isolation,

identification and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts (replaces bluebook 172 and replaced by bluebook 234)

225. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the

Skeletonema costatum marine water algal growth inhibition test (2009) (replaces bluebook 221) 226. The determination of metaldehyde in waters using chromatography with mass

spectrometric detection (2009) 227. The determination of acrylamide in waters using chromatography with mass

spectrometric detection (2009) 228. The determination of easily liberated sulphide in solid environmental samples (2010) 229. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2010) - Part 5 - The isolation and enumeration

of enterococci by membrane filtration (replaces bluebooks 180 and 202) 230. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2010) - Part 6 - Methods for the isolation and

enumeration of sulphite-reducing clostridia and Clostridium perfringens by membrane filtration (replaces bluebook 222)

22

231. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2010) - Part 8 - Methods for the isolation and enumeration of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by membrane filtration

(replaces bluebook 183) 232. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2010) - Part 2 - Practices and procedures for

sampling (replaces bluebook 177) 233. The determination of taste and odour in drinking waters (2010) (see bluebooks 41, 156, 171, 196, and 197) 234. The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2010) - Part 14 - Methods for the isolation,

identification and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts (replaces bluebook 224) 235. The determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in soils and

similar matrices (2011) (See also bluebook 214) 236. Index of Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 1976 - 2011 (replaces bluebook 217) February 2011

23

STANDING COMMITTEE OF ANALYSTS

Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials Alphabetical listing of parameters and topics (Parameters and topics are listed where these may not be apparent from the title of the bluebook) Subject Description Book Page Number Number Acanthamoeba host for Legionella 200 15 provisional identification 138 17 Acanthamoeba spp emerging pathogen 176 24 Accuracy of results review 25 49 Acenaphthene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Acenaphthylene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 Acetaldehyde method for 135 12 Acetate index for IC methods 140 121 Rf values in IC 75 72 Acetic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 see fatty acids COD recovery data 215 58 Acetone biodegradation 199 23 HPLC method 135 12 P and T method 170 18 Acetophenone odour description 156 4 Acetyl value of oils 78 11 Achnanthes lanceolata notes on 153 47 Achnanthes microcephala notes on 153 47 Achnanthes minutissima notes on 153 47 Acid chromous chloride alternative for alkaline pyrogallol 22 15 Acid phospatase reagent for Pseudomonas 230 15 Acid value of oils 78 18 Acidity titrimetric method 44 31 Aconitate index for IC methods 140 121 Acrolein P and T method 170 18 Acrylamide GC - MS and LC - MS methods 227 Acrylamide monomer accuracy of analytical results 115 15 HPLC - UV method - polyelectrolytes 115 11 HPLC - UV method - water 115 7 Acrylonitrile P and T method 170 18 Acidic herbicides GC - MS method for 166 1 Actinides references for methods 29 43 Actinium references for methods 29 43 Actinomycetes isolation of 171 8 isolation of 196 12

24

Actinomycete isolation agar preparation of 171 9 preparation of 197 8 Adenoviridae introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 21 Adenoviruses introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 21 Adipate Rf values in IC 75 72 Adipic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Adsorption characteristics in test substances in sewage sludges 148 6 Aerobic spore-forming bacteria growth of 211 10 isolation of 211 6 Aerococcus significance of 176 15 Aerococcus viridans growth of 202 11 growth of 229 12 isolation of 202 6 Aeromonas MF for drinking waters 183 6 MF for drinking waters 231 7 significance of 176 25 taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 speciation of 231 14 Aeromonas caviae glucuronidase-positive 169 2 identification of 162 33 isolation of 175 50 speciation of 231 14 Aeromonas hydrophila glucuronidase-positive 169 2 identification of 162 33 identification of 231 28 isolation of 175 50 speciation of 231 14 use as reference 223 65 Aeromonas salmonicida pathogenicity of 175 50 Aeromonas sobria identification of 162 33 speciation of 231 14 Aeromonas spp isolation of 175 49 Aeromonas veronii isolation of 175 50 Agglutination test test 223 89 Air segmented continuous flow methods acetylacetone method for formaldehyde 72 19 alkalinity 44 24 2-aminoperimidine method for sulphate 136 24 ammonia 48 29 ammonia 126 39 ammonia and orthophosphate 91 39 ammonia in sea water 48 39 anionic surface active material 47 12 boron using azomethine-H 39 15 chloride 51 29 cyanide 131 19 iodate 80 9

25

Air segmented continuous flow methods iodine 80 5 (continued) iodide 80 9 methanol oxidation to formaldehyde 72 36 methylthymol blue method for sulphate 136 50 review 24 4 review 137 21 semi automatic AAS method for arsenic 69 4 spectrophotometric method for urea 87 14 sulphate 26 36 thiocyanate 100 39 total nitrogen and phosphorus 91 29 total oxidized nitrogen or nitrite 40 15 urea 87 21 Alcaligenes faecalis identification of 231 28 Aldicarb HPLC - MS method 158 7 HPLC - UV method 127 14 Aldicarb sulphone HPLC - MS method 158 7 Aldicarb sulphoxide HPLC - MS method 158 7 Aldrin confirmatory procedure 82 24 EC-GC method 174 7 EC-GC method - turbid waters 96 18 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Algae collection and extraction 65 15 estimation of algal cell counts 139 7 estimation of algal cell volume 139 25 sampling for non-planktonic 74 4 use of algal bioassays 139 28 Aliphatic carboxylic acids see fatty acids Alkali extractable organic matter determination in ash 59 5 Alkali extractable total organic carbon determination of 59 12 Alkaline peptone water media - drinking waters 185 15 media - environmental waters 175 54 Alkaline pyrogallol solution for absorbing oxygen 22 15 Alkalinity air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 continuous flow method for 44 24 FIA 141 44 low range method for 44 19 standard solution 44 26 titrimetric method for sludges 134 7 titrimetric method using standard acid 44 10 units expressed in terms of 44 9 Alkyphenol ethoxylates see APE Alkyl sulphates index for IC methods 140 121 Alkyl sulphonates index for IC methods 140 121 Alkylamines index for IC methods 140 121 Alkylated methyl ammonium carbon see surfactants compounds Alkylated PAHs determination 193 99 in crude oil 193 12

26

Allylthiourea EC50 value 207 17 Allethrin Rf values 53 15 Alpha activity determination of 94 9 in sludges and sediments 94 67 in water using a thick source method 94 17 Alpha-HCH Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Alpha-cypermethrin GC - EC method 146 7 Aluminium AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 accuracy of analytical results 23 15 additional analytical information 20 44 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 atomic absorption 144 10 atomic absorption (review) 29 20 bromopyrogallol red method 116 23 cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 81 cation exchange 140 108 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 emission and/or other methods 116 52 flame emission 20 44 flow injection analysis methods 141 7 ICP - MS 163 60 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 121 lumogallion method 116 28 pyrocatechol violet method 23 4 pyrocatechol violet method 116 9 reference to method 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12 reference to method of determination 1 6 standard solution 23 9 voltammetry 116 39 wavelength data 145 17 x-ray fluorescence method 94 60 Aluminium salts see settlement aids 83 27 Amblystegium riparium monitoring heavy metals using 144 18 Amenability of sewage sludge procedure for full test 5 7 procedure for rapid tes 5 8 Ammonia continuous flow method 48 29 continuous flow method 126 39 continuous flow method for sea water 48 39 continuous method 91 39 distillation and titrimetric method 48 9 FIA 141 27 potentiometric method 48 15 spectrophotometric method 48 21 spectrophotometric method 48 25 spectrophotometric method 87 5 spectrophotometric method 126 30

27

Ammonia (continued) standard solution 48 7 standard solution 87 9 standard solution 91 41 Ammoniacal nitrogen see also ammonia air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 references for methods 29 43 titrimetric determination 40 10 Ammonium Rf values in IC 75 72 (ammonia and ammonium ions) IC methods 140 121 IC methods for quaternary ions 140 124 Amoebae isolating and identifying free living 138 6 Ampicillin dextrin agar media for drinking waters 183 7 media for drinking waters 231 9 media for environmental waters 175 51 Amphora pediculus notes on 153 47 Amphora veneta notes on 153 47 Anabaena significance of 176 28 taste and odour problems 171 1 taste and odour problems 196 6 Analysis of variance test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Androsterone structure 220 39 Animalcules significance of 176 28 Anion exchange resin preparation 47 62 Anionic surfactants see surfactants air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 Ankylostoma reference to 175 69 Anodic stripping voltammetry summary 29 15 ANOVA DTA analysis of variance test 219 21 DTA analysis of variance test 221 21 DTA analysis of variance test 225 21 Anthanthrene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 Anthracene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Antimony accuracy of analytical results 56 12 additional analytical information 20 44 crystal violet spectrophotometric method 56 4 EAAAS method 123 10 EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 hydride generation methods 99 38 ICP - MS 163 60 ICP - MS 204 16 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12 standard solution 56 8 standard solution 123 11

28

APE HPLC method 152 16 Aphanizomenon significance of 176 28 API medium preparation 171 13 modified version 197 19 Aphanizomenon taste and odour problems 171 1 taste and odour problems 196 6 Argenticyanide index for IC methods 140 121 Argon references for methods 29 43 Arizona reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 Aroclor chromatogram of 174 44 chromatogram of 187 39 Arsenate index for IC methods 140 121 Arsenic AAS semi-automatic methods 69 4 accuracy of analytical results 17 19 accuracy of analytical results 69 15 additional analytical information 20 44 arsenomolybdenum blue method 17 4 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17 EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 hydride generation methods 99 38 ICP - MS 163 60 ICP - MS 204 16 references for methods 29 43

reference to method of analysis 122 12 soil/sludge method - hydride generation 99 23

standard solution 17 10 standard solution 69 7 Arsenite index for IC methods 140 121 Aryl sulphates index for IC methods 140 121 Aryl sulphonates index for IC methods 140 121 Arylamines index for IC methods 140 121 Ascaris reference to 175 69 Asellus significance of 176 28 Astatine references for methods 29 43 Aston cylinder sampler description 52 10 non-planktonic algae 74 22 Astroviridae introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 21 Astroviruses introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 21 Asulam HPLC - UV method 127 14 AAS cold vapour technique for mercury 20 29 determination of elements by 1 52 element characteristics 20 42 flames used 20 13

hydride generation techniques 20 30 interference effects 20 22 interference effects 145 10 review 20 6

29

AAS (continued) sample pre-treatment techniques 20 27 summary 29 20

wavelengths 145 17 AFS details 1 13 summary 29 21 wavelengths 145 17 Atrazine methylation / NSD - GC method 90 43 Rf values 155 15 Auricyanide see index for IC methods 140 121 Aurocyanide see index for IC methods 140 121 Automatic analysis see air segmented continuous flow Azide index for IC methods 140 121 Rf values 167 17 Azinphos ethyl Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 Azinphos methyl Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4 standard solution 60 6

Bacillariophyta DTA test 221 11 DTA test 225 11 Bacillus isolation of 202 6 isolation of 229 11 taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Bacillus cereus pathogenicity 175 66 Bacillus globigii use as tracer 175 66 Bacillus licheniformis pathogenicity 175 66 Bacillus perfringens significance of 176 15 Bacillus subtilis pathogenicity 175 66 Bacterioides fragilis indicator organism 176 17 Bacteriophages detection of 175 61 Bacteriological examination drinking waters 176 9 index in booklet 66 100 index in booklet 159 142 recreational/environmental waters 175 17 Baird-Parker agar media for environmental waters 175 46 Barium AAS method 111 26

additional analytical information 20 44 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 16 index for IC methods 140 121 reference to method of determination 1 6 references for methods 29 43

Rf values in IC 75 72 standard solution 111 30

30

Barium chloride preparation/standardisation of 0.005M 26 19 preparation/standardisation of 0.005M 136 16 Barium hydroxide preparation/standardisation of 0.0125M 61 55 Barlett’s test DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Basidiobolus ranarumi taste and odour problems 171 1 taste and odour problems 196 7 Beer-Lambert Law equation 1 43 equation 30 5 Beggiatoa taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 13 Benazolin GC - MS method for 166 1 Bendiocarb HPLC - MS method 158 15 HPLC - UV method 127 14 Benomyl HPLC method 155 51 HPLC - UV method 127 19 Bentazone GC - MS method for 166 1 Benthic macroinvertebrates sampling 18 4

sampling 52 4 sampling 79 4

Benz[a]anthracene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Benz[e]acephenanthrylene see benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzaldehyde odour description 156 4 Benzanilide Rf values 155 39 Benzene Rf values 110 18 Rf values 170 10 COD recovery data 215 58 Benzene-d6 internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Benzene sulphonate index for IC methods 140 121 Benzo[1,12]perylene see benzo[ghi]perylene Benzo[ghi]perylene see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 113 8

GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 3 Rf values 113 39 Benzo[3,4]pyrene see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 113 8

HPLC - fluorescence method 165 3 Rf values 113 39

Benzo[a]pyrene see benzo[3,4]pyrene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 Benzo[3,4]fluoranthene see benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[b]chrysene internal standard for PAHs 165 41 Benzo[b]fluoranthene see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 113 8 GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 3

Rf values 113 39 Benzo[def]chrysene see benzo[3,4]pyrene Benzo[e]pyrene Rf values 113 39 GC - MS method for soil 186 6

31

Benzo[11,12]fluoranthene see benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 113 8 GC - MS method for soil 186 6

HPLC - fluorescence method 165 3 Rf values 113 39

Benzo[j]fluoranthene Rf values 113 43 Benzoate index for IC methods 140 121 Rf values in IC 75 72 Benzoic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Benzothiazole odour description 156 4 Benzyl acetate biodegradation 199 23 Beryllium EAAAS method 123 16

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS method 163 60

ICP - MS method 204 16 references for methods 29 43

reference to method 1 6 standard solution 123 19 Beta activity determination 94 8

in sludges and sediments 94 67 in water 94 25

Beta-HCH Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Bicarbonate determination 98 31 Bicarbonate alkalinity see alkalinity Bifidobacterium spp indicator organism 176 17 Bile aesculin agar media for drinking waters 180 8 media for drinking waters 202 8 media for drinking waters 229 9 media for environmental waters 175 30 Bile tolerance details 202 12 details 229 15 Biodegradability assessment 61 6

assessment 129 7 assessment of aerobic 199 6

assessment of chemicals/effluents 61 39 carbon dioxide evolution (Sturm test) 61 53 continuous activated sludge test 61 73

glossary of terms 61 13 electrolytic respirometric method 61 17

isolation of bacteria for testing 61 99 manometric method 61 24 manometric respirometric assessments 61 47 modified co-metabolism die-away test 61 69 modified OECD screening test 61 59 oxygen electrode respirometric method 61 31

respiration rate measurements 61 39 semi continuous activated sludge test 61 73 static die-away test 61 64

32

Biological filters examination of 114 6 Biochemical oxygen demand see BOD Biomass determination of 88 3 Biphenyl odour description 156 4 Bismuth AAS method 47 35

additional analytical information 20 44 EDTA spectrophotometric method 47 36

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 references for methods 29 43

reference to method 122 12 titrimetric method 47 33

Block digesters use of 91 49 use of 97 47 Blue green algae see also microcystin significance of 176 28 BOD see also dissolved oxygen

details of 54 4 reagents for 106 41 review of 130 12 standard solution for 54 11

Bonferroni adjustment test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Borate see index for IC methods 140 121 Boric acid indicator solution preparation of 91 17 Boron additional analytical information 20 44

azomethine-H spectrophotometric 39 22 continuous flow / azomethine-H 39 15 curcumin spectrophotometric method 39 11 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 Boron ICP - MS 204 34 mannitol titrimetric method 39 27

pre-treatment of sample 39 30 references for methods 29 43 standard solution 39 8

Brachysira serians notes on 153 47 Break-point curve for residual chlorination 218 67 Brilliant green agar media for drinking waters 184 9 media for environmental waters 175 38 Bromate index for IC methods 140 121 IC method 167 3 Rf values 167 17 Bromamines method for 218 48 Bromide references for methods 29 43

IC method 62 33 IC method 136 45 index for IC methods 140 121 iodometric titration of bromate 33 4 Rf values 167 17

33

Bromide (continued) Rf values in IC 75 72 Rf values in IC 75 86 standard solution in IC 75 69 various methods for the determination 80 12

Bromine method for 27 26 method for 218 48 Bromobenzene Rf values 170 10 Bromochloromethane internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Rf values 34 15

Rf values 110 34 Rf values 170 10 2-Bromo-1-chloropropane internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Bromodichloromethane see trihalomethanes

GC - EC head space method 110 19 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 headspace method 170 20

Rf values 110 18 Rf values 110 34

Rf values 170 10 2-Bromoethane sulphonate index for IC methods 140 121 4-Bromofluorobenzene Rf values 170 10 surrogate standard for VOCs 170 10 Bromoform see trihalomethanes

GC-EC head space method 110 19 GC-EC pentane extraction method 110 24

headspace method 170 20 Rf values 110 34

Rf values 170 10 Bromomethane Rf values 170 10 Bromophos Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 Bromotrichloromethane Rf values 34 15

Rf values 110 34 Bromoxynil GC - MS method for 166 1 Budvicia aquatica classification of 162 30 Buffered nitrate-motility media for drinking waters 181 13 media for drinking waters 213 13 media for drinking waters 222 14 media for drinking waters 230 14 Buffered peptone water media for drinking waters 184 9 media for drinking waters 206 9 media for drinking waters 223 85 media for environmental waters 175 37 Buffer solution pH 2.5 124 35

pH 3.1 44 26 pH 4.0 14 12 pH 4.0 44 13 pH 4.0 44 21

pH 4.0 (0.0001N acid) 120 10 pH 4.0 (primary standard) 120 10

34

Buffer solution (continued) pH 5.2 39 17 pH 6.9 44 13 pH 6.9 44 21

pH 7.0 7 9 pH 9.2 44 13 pH 9.4 87 17

Burettes note on accurate measurement 100 9 Burkholderia cepacia identification of 231 28 identification of 231 34 significance of 176 25 Burkholderia pseudomallei emerging pathogen 176 24 Butan-2-one method for 135 12 Butane GC - FID method 125 7 Butanoate see index for IC methods 140 121 Butanoic acid odour description 156 4 Butocarboxim HPLC - MS method 158 15 Butoxycarboxim HPLC - MS method 158 15 Buttiauxella isolation of 223 9 Buttiauxella agrestis classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Butylamines see index for IC methods 140 121 n-Butylbenzene Rf values 170 11 sec-Butylbenzene Rf values 170 10 tert-Butylbenzene Rf values 170 10 2-tert-Butyl-5-methyl-1,4- benzoquinone taste and odour problems 171 26 tert-Butylmethylether Rf values 170 12 Butyraldehyde taste and odour problems 171 27 Butyrate index for IC methods 140 121 Rf values in IC 75 72 Butyric acid Rf values in IC 75 73 13C/12C ratio of crude oil 193 57 Cadaverine taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Cadin-4-ene-1-ol taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Cadmium AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8

AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 Cadmium AAS method for sewage sludge 49 4

AAS by solvent extract using APDC 2 7 additional analytical information 20 44 anodic stripping voltammetry 122 14

APDC-MIBK extraction and AAS 109 28 EAAAS method 109 18

EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 extractable by 0.05M EDTA from soil 71 5

ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS 204 16

35

Cadmium (continued) index for IC methods 140 121 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12 saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 101 saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 114 standard solution 122 17

standard solution 2 6 Caesium reference to method of determination 1 6 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 references for methods 29 43 Rf values in IC 75 72 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17 index for IC methods 140 121 Caffeine internal standard for phenylureas 155 10 Rf values 155 14 Calcium AAS method 9 4

AAS method 57 16 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS method 111 16 accuracy of analytical results 9 10 additional analytical information 20 44 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 121 preparation of 0.125M calcium chloride 7 5

standard solution 9 5 preparation of standard solution 43 8

references for methods 29 43 reference to method of determination 1 6 Rf values in IC 75 72

standard solution 57 12 standard solution 111 18 standard solution in IC 75 70

Calcium glucose solution media for environmental waters 175 63 Calcium hardness accuracy of analytical results 43 18 EDTA titration 43 11 Caliciviridae significance of 176 20 Campylobacter isolation in environmental waters 175 42 method for drinking water 185 20 significance of 176 17 Campylobacter coli definition 185 20 Campylobacter enrichment broth preparation 185 22 Campylobacter jejuni significance of 176 17 Campylobacter lari definition 185 20 Campylobacter selective agar media for drinking waters 185 23 Capillary suction time method for filterability of sludges 83 13 Caprate index for IC methods 140 121 Caproate index for IC methods 140 121 Caprylate index for IC methods 140 121

36

Carbamate HPLC - UV determination 127 7 Carbaryl HPLC - MS method 158 7 HPLC - UV method 127 7

HPLC - UV method 127 19 TLC method 127 21

Carbendazim HPLC method 155 51 Rf values 155 39 Carbetamide HPLC - UV method 127 20 HPLC method 155 18 Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 39 Carbofuran HPLC - MS method 158 7 Carbon isotope ratio of crude oil 193 57 Carbon dioxide absorption and manometric analysis 98 24

based on pH, CO2 and alkalinity values 98 11 Carbon dioxide method by absorption and titration 98 15 method for determining 22 6

pressurised bottled and canned waters 98 23 removal of 61 55

Carbon disulphide GC - FID method 127 27 P and T method 170 18 Carbon tetrachloride distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28 GC - EC head space method 110 19

GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 headspace method 170 20

material extractable in 15 4 Rf values 34 15 Rf values 110 34 Rf values 170 10 Carbonate alkalinity see alkalinity Carbonates index for IC methods 140 121 Carbonic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Carbophenothion additional data for 95 17

Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4

standard solution 60 6 Carboxylates see index for IC methods 140 121 Catalase test details of 180 10 details of 202 12 details of 229 14 Catechol see phenol 50 14 Cation exchange capacity method for 57 6 Cation exchange resin preparation of 26 12 use of 17 9 Cationic surfactants see surfactants Caulobacter taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 11 Cedecea spp classification of 162 30

37

Cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey see CTSM agar agar Cefsulodin irgasan novobiocin agar media for drinking waters 185 9 Cerium reference to method of determination 1 6

references for methods 29 43 Chaetomium globosum taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Chemical disinfecting agents see total available chlorine AQC for 218 9 Chemical oxygen demand see COD Chemical pre-treatment details of 1 9

details of 29 10 fluoride determinations 62 52 methods for silicon conversion 37 22 samples prior to analysis 145 8 techniques in AAS 20 27

Chloramines see total available chlorine decomposition compound in COD 215 8 Chlorate IC method 167 3 index for IC methods 140 121 Rf values 167 17 Chlorbufam HPLC - UV method 127 7 Chlordane EC - GC method 174 7 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Chlorfenprop methyl internal standard for acid herbicides 166 24 Chlorfenvinphos Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4

standard solution 60 6 Chloridazon Rf values 155 16 Chloride air segmented continuous flow method 24 5

continuous flow method 51 29 FIA 141 36 IC method 62 33 IC method 136 45 index for IC methods 140 121 ISE method 51 38 mercuric nitrate titrimetric method 51 15 potentiometric method 51 22

references for methods 29 43 Rf values in IC 75 72

Rf values in IC 75 86 Rf values 167 17

silver nitrate titrimetric method 51 6 standard solution in IC 75 69 Chlorine demand method for 27 38 method for 218 63 Chlorine dioxide method for 27 26 method for 218 40

38

Chlorine solution preparation and standardisation 27 38 preparation and standardisation 218 10 Chlorite IC method 167 3 index for IC methods 140 121 method for 27 26 method for 218 40 Chloroanisole taste and odour problems 171 26 taste and odour problems 196 12 Chloroaurates see index for IC methods 140 121 Chlorobenzene capillary EC or FID - GC method 96 6 Rf values 96 10 Rf values 170 10 Chlorobenzene-d5 internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Chlorobenzoates see index for IC methods 140 121 Chlorobium taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 13 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene P and T method 170 18 Chlorocresol HPLC - electrochemical detection 124 25 Chlorodibromomethane Rf values 110 18 Chloroethane Rf values 170 10 2-Chloroethylvinylether P and T method 170 18 Chloroferrates see index for IC methods 140 121 Chloroform see trihalomethanes

distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28 GC - EC head space method 110 19 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24

headspace method 170 20 Rf values 110 34

Rf values 170 10 Chloroisocyanurates method for 27 26 method for 218 60 Chloromethane Rf values 170 10 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolone Legionella - resistance 200 16 2-Chloro-6-methylphenol see phenol 50 14 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol see phenol 50 14 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol Rf values 124 53 4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid see MCPA Chloropalladates see index for IC methods 140 121 2-Chlorophenol see phenol 50 14 GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 2-Chlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32

HPLC - electrochemical detection 124 25 3-Chlorophenol GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 HPLC - UV method 124 32 4-Chlorophenol see phenol 50 14 GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8

HPLC - electrochemical detection 124 25 HPLC - UV method 124 32

Chlorophyceae DTA test 219 10

39

Chlorophyll aquatic environment 65 5 fluorescence detection 65 13

Chloroplatinates index for IC methods 140 121 Chloroplumbates index for IC methods 140 121 Chorothalonil EC - GC method 174 7 2-Chlorotoluene Rf values 170 10 4-Chlorotoluene Rf values 170 10 Chlorotoluron GC - NPD method 155 27 normal phase UV - HPLC method 155 18 reverse phase UV - HPLC method 155 9 Rf values 155 15 Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 17 Chloroxuron Rf values 155 16 Chlorphenylid determination of 151 7 Chlorpropham HPLC - UV method 127 7 Rf values 155 15 Chlorpyrifos Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4 standard solution 60 6 Chlorthal structure of 166 48 Chlorella vulgaris culture 208 30 Cholesterol structure 220 40 Chromates index for IC methods 140 121 Chromatium taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 13 Chromatographic methods detection systems in IC 75 63

detection systems in HPLC 75 18 review on IC 75 60 review on HPLC 75 9 standard solutions in IC 75 69 standard solutions in IC 75 70

summary 29 33 terms used in HPLC 75 11 types of chromatographic separations 75 28

Chromic acid cleaning solution preparation 41 7 preparation 103 11

Chromium AAS method 28 4 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS method for sewage sludge 49 4 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8 AAS method for total particulate 122 132

accuracy of results 28 18 additional analytical information 20 44

co-precipitation with iron and EAAAS 122 120 diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometric 28 12 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17 EAAAS method 123 22 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

ICP - MS method 163 60

40

Chromium (continued) ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 121 reference to method of determination 1 6 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12

standard solution 28 7 standard solution 28 14 standard solution 122 123

standard solution 123 25 Chryseomonas luteola identification of 162 33 Chrysene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Cinerin see pyrethrins

Rf values 53 15 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Rf values 170 10 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene Rf values 170 10 C.I. Solvent Red 24 see identification of markers in gas oil 67 33 Citrate index for IC methods 140 121 Citrobacter isolation of 223 9 reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 significance of 176 12 Citrobacter braakii identification of isolate 223 98 Citrobacter farmeri identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Citrobacter freundii identification of 162 35 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Citrobacter koseri identification of isolate 223 98 Citrobacter spp classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Citrobacter youngae identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Cladophora glomerata monitoring heavy metals using 144 16 Cloethocarb HPLC - MS method 158 15 Clonothrix diagram of 171 31 taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 11 Clopyralid GC - MS method for 166 1 Clostridium identification of different species 213 26 media for drinking waters 222 7 media for drinking waters 230 7 taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Clostridium baratii identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium beijerinckii identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27

41

Clostridium bifermentans growth of 213 17 growth of 222 18 growth of 230 18 identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium botulinum significance of 176 16 Clostridium butyricum identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium cadaveris identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium clostridioforme identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium histolyticum identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium innocuum identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium paraputrificum identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium perfringens confirmation data comparison 213 22 confirmation data comparison 222 23 confirmation data comparison 230 23 growth 213 16 growth 221 17 identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 isolation of - in environmental waters 175 32 MF method for drinking waters 181 6 MF method for drinking waters 181 11 MF method for drinking waters 192 11 MF method for drinking waters 213 11 MF method for drinking waters 222 12 MF method for drinking waters 230 12 Clostridium perfringens significance of 176 12 Clostridium ramosum identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium septicum identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium tertium identification of isolates 222 27 identification of isolates 230 27 Clostridium welchii significance of 176 15 Coagulation see settlement aids Coastal waters sampling 25 22 Cobalt accuracy of analytical results 45 20 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS method 45 12

AAS method on MIBK extract 45 4 cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 60 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17 EAAAS method 123 28

element characteristics in AAS 20 42

42

Cobalt (continued) ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 16

index for IC methods 140 121 reference to method of analysis 122 12 references for methods 29 43 Rf values in IC 75 72 standard solution 45 6 standard solution 45 13 standard solution 123 31

Cobalticyanides index for IC methods 140 121 Cocconeis placentula notes on 153 47 Cocconeis pediculus notes on 153 47 COD accuracy of analytical results 97 49 air segmented continuous flow 24 5 analytical quality control solutions 215 12 closed-tube procedure 215 20 dilutions for 215 8 interlaboratory trial results 216 7

mercury-free method 97 5 mercury-free method (large scale) 215 32 mercury-free method (small scale) 215 42 mercury-free method (small scale) 215 52

modifications to methods 97 37 procedure for testing 4 9

reference procedure 215 13 sampling, preservation, storage 97 9 sampling, preservation, storage 215 9 spectrophotometric procedure 4 11 titration procedure 4 10

Coliform organisms confirmation of 179 14 confirmation of 223 16 defined substrate method 179 44 defined substrate method 223 61 double membrane method 179 8 double membrane method 223 9 evaluation of two media 169 1 isolation in environmental waters 175 20 multiple tube method 179 29 multiple tube method 223 41 presence-absence tests 162 7 presence-absence technique 179 50 presence-absence technique 223 67 recovery trial data 175 76 single membrane method 179 19 single membrane method 223 25 significance of 176 13 Colony count estimation of - in environmental waters 175 35 significance of 176 16

43

Colour CIELAB determination of 119 7 spectrophotometric method 103 10 standard solutions 103 8

suspension for adsorption 51 9 visual measurement of 103 5

Columbia agar base medium for drinking waters 230 15 Column chromatography see chromatographic methods Column efficiency determination of 58 13 Column packing materials use of 58 17 Comparison of methods details of 178 32 Conditionability of sewage and sludges 83 19 Conductivity natural, treated and waste waters 14 4

standard solutions 14 7 Contaminated land preparation and pre-treatment 201 7 Containers for sampling use of 25 45 use of 143 36 Copper AAS method 32 4

AAS method for sewage sludge 49 4 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8 air segmented continuous flow 24 5 cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 28 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17 EAAAS method 123 34 EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 extractable by 0.05M EDTA from soil 71 5

ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS 204 16

index for IC methods 140 121 references for methods 29 43

reference to method of analysis 122 12 saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 101 saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 114 standard solution 32 6

Corynebacterium taste and odour problems 171 13 taste and odour problems 197 22 Coste’s index meaning of 153 24 Crains’ index meaning of 153 23 Crassostrea gigas see DTA diagram 203 12 diagram 209 13 Crenothrix taste and odour problems 171 13 diagram 171 31 2-Cresol see phenol 50 15

GC-EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 HPLC - UV method 124 32

3-Cresol see phenol 50 15 GC-EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8

HPLC - UV method 124 32

44

4-Cresol see phenol 50 15 GC-EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 HPLC - UV method 124 32

Crossley’s milk medium media for environmental waters 175 34 Crude oil composition 193 10 Crufomate Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 Cryptosporidium rationale for sampling 224 1 rationale for sampling 234 12 Cryptosporidium oocysts assessment of 211 6 isolation of 172 1 isolation of 224 13 isolation of 234 16 methods for isolating and identifying 138 6 photograph 172 23 photographs 224 116 photographs 234 107 significance of 176 21 typical recovery data 224 91 typical recovery data 234 75 Cryptosporidium andersoni approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium baileyi approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium blagbumi also called Cryptosporidium galli 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium bovis approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium canis approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium fayeri approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium felis approximate size 224 83 significance of 176 21 Cryptosporidium fragile approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium galli approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 also called Cryptosporidium blagbumi 224 83 also called Cryptosporidium blagbumi 234 75 Cryptosporidium hominis cause of disease by 224 13 cause of disease by 234 9 infective dose 224 82 approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium macropodum approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75

45

Cryptosporidium meleagridis approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 significance of 176 21 Cryptosporidium molnari approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium muris approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium parvum approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 cause of disease by 224 13 cause of disease by 234 9 infective dose 224 82 significance of 176 21 Cryptosporidium ryanae approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium saurophilum also called Cryptosporidium varanii 224 83 also called Cryptosporidium varanii 234 75 Cryptosporidium scophthalmi approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium serpentis approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium suis approximate size 224 83 approximate size 234 75 Cryptosporidium varanii approximate size 224 83 approximate size 224 75 also called Cryptosporidium saurophilum 224 83 also called Cryptosporidium saurophilum 234 75 Cryptosporidium wrairi approximate size 224 83 approximate size 224 75 CTSM agar preparation 161 11 preparation 223 85 Cumene taste and odour problems 171 30 Cuprocyanide index for IC methods 140 121 Cyanate index for IC methods 140 121 Cyanide accuracy of analytical results 131 41

advice on determination of total cyanide 131 36 advice on determination of total cyanide 214 38

air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 colorimetric method 131 17 colorimetric method 214 18 colorimetric method 235 4 continuous flow method 131 19 diffusion of HCN and colorimetric 131 26 diffusion of HCN and colorimetric 214 24 index for IC methods 140 121 potentiometric method 131 9

potentiometric method 214 11 references for methods 29 43 sludges and soils 131 39 sludges and soils 235 4

46

Cyanide (continued) standard solution 131 7 standard solution 214 8 Cyanoargentate index for IC methods 140 121 Cyanoaurate index for IC methods 140 121 Cyanobacteria see blue green algae Cyanocobaltate index for IC methods 140 122 Cyanocuprate index for IC methods 140 122 Cyanoferrate index for IC methods 140 122 Cyanonickelate index for IC methods 140 122 Cyanopalladate index for IC methods 140 122 Cyanoplatinate index for IC methods 140 122 β-Cyclocitral taste and odour problems 171 30 Cyclospora significance of 176 22 Cyclospora cayetanensis emerging pathogen 176 24 Cyclohexylamine see index for IC methods 140 122 Cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 Cyfluthrin EC - GC method 174 18 GC - EC method 146 7 Cyhalothrin GC - EC method 146 7 Cypermethrin EC - GC method 174 18

GC - EC method 146 7 Rf values 53 15 Cytochrome oxidase enzyme oxidase test 223 91 Cytochrome oxygenases activity 193 64 2,4-D EC - GC method 90 7

GC - MS confirmation of 90 30 GC - MS method for 166 1 pentafluorobenzyl ester / EC - GC 90 23 3,4-D internal standard for acid herbicides 166 35 D’Agostino test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Dalapon EC - GC method 90 7 Dansyl derativisation of steroids 220 16 2,4-DB GC - MS method for 166 25 o,p’-DDE EC - GC method 174 7 p,p’-DDE EC - GC method 174 7 o,p’-DDT EC - GC method 174 7 p,p’-DDT EC - GC method 174 7 Decadeuterophenanthrene internal standard for acid herbicides 166 33 Decadienal taste and odour problems 171 2 Decane Rf values 110 18 Decay series tables of 94 12 Daphnia magna see DTA Daphnia pulex alternative to Daphnia magna 208 11 Delta-HCH Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material for 13 15 Deltamethrin GC - EC method 146 7

47

Demeton Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 Demeton-S-methyl Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Demeton-S-methyl sulphone Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Descy’s index meaning of 153 23 Desulfotomaculum orientis taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Detectors details of UV 30 15 details of UV 30 18 detection systems used in HPLC 75 18 information on electron capture 81 20 IC 75 63 types of - for use in chromatography 58 23 Detergents see surfactants Dialkyldithiocarbamate GC - FID method 127 27 Diaminoethane index for IC methods 140 122 Diatoma mesodon notes on 153 47 Diatoma vulgare notes on 153 47 Diatoms see epilithic diatoms micrographs of common 153 42 Diazinon Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 3 Rf values 113 39 Dibenz[1,2:5,6]anthracene see dibenz[a,h]anthracene Dibrom Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Dibromoacetate index for IC methods 140 122 Dibromochloromethane see trihalomethanes

GC - EC head space method 110 19 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24

headspace method 170 20 Rf values 110 34

Rf values 170 10 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Rf values 170 11 1,2-Dibromoethane distillation/extraction/GC method 96 28 Rf values 170 10 Dibromofluoromethane internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Dibromomethane Rf values 170 10 Dibromooctafluorobiphenyl internal standard for acid herbicides 166 8 Dicamba EC - GC method 90 15

GC - MS method for 166 1 pentafluorobenzyl ester/EC - GC 90 23

48

Di-chloramine see total available chlorine method for 218 21 method for 218 31 Dichlorbenil EC - GC method 174 18 1,2-Dichlorobenzene capillary EC or FID - GC method 96 6

Rf values 96 10 Rf values 170 11 1,3-Dichlorobenzene Rf values 170 10 1,4-Dichlorobenzene capillary EC or FID - GC method 96 6

Rf values 96 10 Rf values 170 10 1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4 internal standard for VOCs 170 3 1,4-Dichlorobutane internal standard for VOCs 170 3 1,2-Dichlorodifluoromethane Rf values 170 10 Dichloroethane Rf values 34 15 1,1-Dichloroethane Rf values 170 10 1,1-Dichloroethene Rf values 170 10 1,2-Dichloroethane GC-EC pentane extraction method 110 24

Rf values 110 34 Rf values 170 10 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 internal standard for VOCs 170 3 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Rf values 170 10 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Rf values 170 10 1,1-Dichloroethylene GC-EC head space method 110 19

GC-EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Dichlorofenthion Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Dichloromethane distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Rf values 34 15 Rf values 110 34 Rf values 170 10 3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid see dicamba Dichlorophenol see phenol 50 14 2,3-Dichlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,4-Dichlorophenol see phenol 50 14

GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 HPLC - electrochemical detection 124 25 HPLC - UV method 124 32 Rf values 124 53

2,5-Dichlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,6-Dichlorophenol see phenol 50 14

HPLC - electrochemical detection 124 25 HPLC - UV method 124 32

3,5-Dichlorophenol EC50 value 207 17 HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid see 2,4-D 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid see 2,4-DB 2,4-Dichlorophenylacetic acid surrogate standard for acid herbicides 166 8 1,2-Dichloropropane Rf values 170 10

49

1,3-Dichloropropane Rf values 170 10 2,2-Dichloropropane Rf values 170 10 1,1-Dichloropropene Rf values 170 10 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene Rf values 170 10 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene Rf values 170 10 Dichlorprop GC - MS method for 166 1 Rf values 90 25 Dichlorvos Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4

standard solution 60 6 Diclofop structure of 166 48 Dieldrin confirmatory procedure 82 23 EC - GC method 174 7

EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Diesel oil method relating to analysis 128 32 Diethylamine index for IC methods 140 122 Diethyl phthalate biodegradation 199 23 Diethylstilbesterol structure 220 40 Diethyl sulphide odour description 156 4 Diflufenican EC - GC method 174 7 1,4-Difluorobenzene internal standard for VOCs 170 3 4,4’-Difluorobiphenyl internal standard for PAHs 165 41 Dimefox Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Dimethoate Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4

standard solution 60 6 Dimethylamine index for IC methods 140 122 Dimethyl sulphide odour description 156 4 taste and odour problems 171 2 Dimethyl sulphide taste and odour problems 196 7 2,4-Dimethylphenol Rf values 124 53 DNA-adducts determination 193 65 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol see DNOC 2,4-Dinitrophenol Rf values 124 53 Dinocap HPLC - UV method 127 19 HPLC - UV method 155 40 Dinoseb HPLC method 155 45 1,4-Dioxane P and T method 170 18 Diphenyl odour description 156 4 Dip sampling procedure for 232 18 2,2-Dipyridyl EC50 value 207 17 Diquat ion exchange - UV method 117 7 Direct toxicity assessment see DTA Disinfecting taps procedure for 232 16 Dispersants use of 193 24

50

Dissociation constants of organic/inorganic acids and bases 140 26 Dissolved organic carbon definition 157 15 Dissolved oxygen instrumental method 16 14

method for 130 32 solubility of 16 4

titrimetric method 16 6 Disulfoton Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Dithiocarbamate GC - FID method 127 27 Dithionate index for IC methods 140 122 Rf values 167 17 Dithionite see index for IC methods 140 122 Diuron GC - NPD method 155 27 HPLC - UV method 127 14 normal phase UV - HPLC method 155 18 reverse phase UV - HPLC method 155 9 Rf values 155 15 Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 17 TLC method 127 21 DNOC structure of 166 49 Dragendorff reagent (modified) preparation of 47 30 DTA using Daphnia magna 208 7 using oyster embryo larvae 203 7 using oyster embryo larvae 209 7 using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 219 7 using Skeletonema costatum 221 7 using Skeletonema costatum 225 7 using Tisbe battagliai 205 7 using Tisbe battagliai 210 7 Dunnett’s test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Dysprosium reference to method of determination 1 6 EAAAS review of 109 7

useful wavelengths 145 17 Easily liberated cyanide see cyanide Echinococcus granulosus in sewage sludge 188 19 Echinamoeba host for Legionella 200 15 E. coli see Escherichia coli classification of 162 30 evaluation of two media 169 1 E. coli significance of 176 13 Edwardsiella spp classification of 162 30 EDTA index for IC methods 140 122 preparation of 0.01M solution 26 11

preparation of 0.05M ammonium salt 71 7 preparation/standardisation of 0.01M 43 8 standardisation of 0.01M solution 43 14

51

Electrical conductivity see conductivity Elodea Canadensis monitoring heavy metals using 144 22 Emission spectrophotometry review of 1 13 summary of 29 22 Encephalitozoon intestinalis significance of 176 23 Endocrine disruption determination of steroids 220 7 alpha-Endosulphan EC - GC method 174 7 beta- Endosulphan EC - GC method 174 7 Endosulphan A Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Endosulphan B Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Endrin confirmatory procedure 82 23 EC - GC method 174 7

Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Entamoeba dispar significance of 176 23 Entamoeba histolytia significance of 176 23 Enterobacter reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 significance of 176 12 isolation of 223 9 Enterobacter aerogenes identification of 162 35 use as reference 223 22 Enterobacter agglomerans identification of 162 35 Enterobacter amnigenus identification of 162 36 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Enterobacter asburiae identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Enterobacter cloacae identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 results comparison 162 31 significance of 176 13 Enterobacter intermedius identification of 162 35 identification of isolate 223 97 Enterobacter sakazakii identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Enterobacter spp identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Enterococci confirmation - trial data 202 16 confirmation - trial data 229 19 identification of 162 33 isolation of - environmental waters 175 29 Enterococci MF method for drinking waters 180 6 MF method for drinking waters 202 6 MF method for drinking waters 229 7 Enterococcus avium significance of 176 15 Enterococcus casseliflavus growth of 202 11 growth of 229 12 Enterococcus durans significance of 176 15

52

Enterococcus faecalis growth of 202 11 growth of 229 12 heat resistance test 229 15 significance of 176 14 Enterococcus faecium significance of 176 15 Enterocytozoon bieneusi significance of 176 23 Enterocytozoon intestinalis emerging pathogen 176 24 Enteromorpha flexuosa monitoring heavy metals using 144 17 Enteroviruses introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 20 Epilithic diatoms use of - for river water quality 153 7 EPTC HPLC - UV method 127 7

HPLC - UV method 127 19 Equilin structure 220 39 Equivalency of methods details of 178 32 Erbium reference to method of determination 1 6 Erysipelothrix in sewage sludge 188 18 Escherichia reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 Isolation of 223 9 Escherichia coli confirmation of 179 15 confirmation of 223 16 defined substrate method 179 44 defined substrate method 223 61 double membrane method 179 8 double membrane method 223 9 methods in sewage sludge 190 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 multiple tube method 179 29 multiple tube method 223 41 presence-absence technique 179 50 presence-absence technique 223 67 significance of 176 14 single membrane method 179 19 single membrane method 223 25 Escherichia coli O157:H7 confirmation of 223 89 isolation of 175 55 method for 161 7 method in sewage sludge 190 34 selective enrichment method 179 59 selective enrichment method 223 82 significance of 176 18 Escherichia adecarboxylata classification of 162 30 Escherichia blattae classification of 162 30 Escherichia fergusonii classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97

53

Escherichia hermannii classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 non-sorbitol fermenting coliform 179 65 non-sorbitol fermenting coliform 223 89 Escherichia vulneris classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 98 Ethane GC - FID method 125 7 Ethanol biodegradation 199 23 Ethanolamine index for IC methods 140 122 Ethiofencarb HPLC - MS method 158 7 Ethion (Diethion) Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Ethoate-methyl Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 17α-Ethynyl oestradiol LC-MS determination 220 8 LC-MS determination 220 19 GC-MS determination 220 29 structure 220 28 Ethyl acetate biodegradation 199 23 Ethylamine see index for IC methods 140 122 Ethylbenzene Rf values 110 18 Rf values 170 10 2-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane odour description 156 4 Ethyldipropylthiocarbamate see EPTC Ethylmethacrylate P and T method 170 18 Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase determinations 193 64 3-Ethylphenol see phenol 50 15 4-Ethylphenol see phenol 50 15 Eunotia exigua notes on 153 48 Europium references for methods 29 43 reference to method of determination 1 6 Ewingella spp classification of 162 30 Exchangeable cations see cation exchange capacity

method for 57 10 Extraction efficiency correction for 96 27 Faecal coliform organisms isolation in environmental waters (MF) 175 20 isolation in environmental waters (MT) 175 24 recovery trial data 175 76 Fats see oils Fatty acids average composition of various 67 22 GC method 21 6

titrimetric method for sludges 134 7 Fenchlorphos Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Fenitrothion Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4

standard solution 60 6

54

Fenpropathrin GC - EC method 146 7 Fenuron Rf values 155 15 Fenvalerate see sumicidin GC - EC method 146 7 Fenoprop structure of 166 49 Fenoxaprop structure of 166 49 Ferbam GC - FID method 127 27 Ferricyanide see index for IC methods 140 122 Ferrocyanide see index for IC methods 140 122 Ferrous ammonium sulphate preparation/standardisation of 0.02083M 4 8

preparation/standardisation of 0.00282M 27 17 preparation/standardisation of 0.00282M 218 19 preparation/standardisation of 0.025M 59 7 preparation/standardisation of 0.025M 97 13

Filterability of sludges 83 13 Fingerprinting techniques use of 193 49 use of 193 60 Fish populations sampling 121 10 Flame photometry determination of elements by 1 52

summary 29 22 Flavobacterium taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Flocculation see settlement aids Flora typing of rivers 108 75 Flow estimation of 143 169 Flow Injection Analysis photometric method for alkalinity 141 44

photometric method for ammonia 141 27 photometric method for chloride 141 36 photometric method for hardness 141 42 photometric method for nitrite 141 32

photometric method for oxidised nitrogen 141 30 photometric method for phosphate 141 34

photometric method for silicate 141 38 photometric method for sulphate 141 40

turbidimetric method for sulphate 136 32 review 141 7 Fluazifop GC - MS method for 166 1 Flucofuron GC - ECD method 151 21 ion-pair HPLC method 151 16 Fluoranthene see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 113 8 GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Fluorene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Fluoride accuracy of analytical results 62 73

air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 eriochrome cyanide spectrophotometric 62 17 IC method 62 24

55

Fluoride (continued) IC method 136 45 index for IC methods 140 122 ISE method 62 9 lanthanum alizarin fluorine blue method 62 19 references for methods 29 43

Rf values 167 17 Rf values in IC 75 72 Rf values in IC 75 86 sewage sludge by acid extraction 62 38

standard solution 23 9 standard solution 62 12 standard solution 62 19 standard solution 62 24 standard solution 62 29 standard solution in IC 75 69 total fluorine in sewage sludge 62 44

Fluorobenzene internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Rf values 170 10 Fluoroborate see index for IC methods 140 122 Fluorophosphate see index for IC methods 140 122 Fluroxypyr GC - MS method for 166 1 Fly traps preparation of sticky grease 114 19 Fontinalis antipyretica monitoring heavy metals using 144 18 Formaldehyde acetylacetone photometric method 72 8

continuous flow method 72 19 Formaldehyde HPLC determination of 135 6

preparation/standardisation of 72 10 preparation/standardisation of 135 8

Formate index for IC methods 140 122 Rf values 167 17 Rf values in IC 75 72 Formazin standards 103 18 Formetanate HPLC - MS method 158 15 Formic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Formothion Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Fragilaria capucina notes on 153 48 Fragilaria vaucheriae notes on 153 48 Francium references for methods 29 43 Free chlorine see total available chlorine Free available residual chlorine method for 218 20 F-specific RNA bacteriophages see bacteriophages Fungi isolation of 171 9 isolation of 197 11 Fumarate see index for IC methods 140 122 Furfuraldehyde see identification of markers in gas oil 67 33 Gadolinium references for methods 29 43 reference to method of determination 1 6 Galacturonate see index for IC methods 140 122

56

Gallium EAAAS method 123 40 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 122 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12

Gallionella diagram of 171 31 taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 10 Gallinella ferruginea taste and odour problems 171 3 taste and odour problems 196 8 Gamma activity determination of 94 9 determination of 132 Gamma-HCH (Lindane) confirmatory procedure 82 24

EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 Rf values 82 16

Rf values / packing material 13 15 Gammarus significance of 176 28 Gas chromatography LTPRI 133 8 review 58 5 tables of substances with LTPRI values 133 26 Gas oil method relating to analysis 128 32 Geosmin GC - MS method 171 19 odour description 156 4 taste and odour problems 171 1 Geosmin taste and odour problems 196 6 Germanium commercial hydride generation methods 99 38 dissolution of insoluble residues 93 17

EAAAS method 123 46 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12 standard solution 123 49

Giardia rationale for sampling 224 1 rationale for sampling 234 12 Giardia agilis species of Giardia 224 86 species of Giardia 234 78 Giardia ardae species of Giardia 224 86 species of Giardia 234 78 Giardia cysts images of 224 134 images of 234 125 isolation of 172 1 isolation of 224 13 isolation of 234 16 isolation and identification 138 6 photograph 172 23 photographs 224 134 sewage sludge 188 19 significance of 176 22 typical recovery data 224 91 typical recovery data 234 82

57

Giardia duodenalis cause of disease by 224 13 cause of disease by 234 9 Giardia intestinalis synonymous with Giardia duodenalis 224 13 synonymous with Giardia duodenalis 234 9 Giardia lamblia synonymous with Giardia duodenalis 224 13 synonymous with Giardia duodenalis 234 9 Giardia microti species of Giardia 224 86 species of Giardia 234 78 Giardia muris species of Giardia 224 86 species of Giardia 234 78 Giardia psittaci species of Giardia 224 86 species of Giardia 234 78 Globodera achilleae in sewage sludge 188 20 Globodera pallida in sewage sludge 188 20 Globodera rostochiensis in sewage sludge 188 20 Gluconate see index for IC methods 140 122 Glucose AQC solution for COD 215 12 Glucose azide broth media for environmental waters 175 31 Glucuronate see index for IC methods 140 122 Glutamic acid COD recovery data 215 58 CODrecovery data 215 61 Glutarate Rf values in IC 75 72 Glutaric acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Glutathione-S-transferase determination 193 66 Glycollate index for IC methods 140 122 Rf values in IC 75 72 Glycollic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Glyphosate ion exchange/Rp HPLC method 90 37 Gold element characteristics in AAS 20 42

index for IC methods 140 122 references for methods 29 43 Gomphonema angustatum notes on 153 48 Gomphonema olivaceum notes on 153 48 Gomphonema parvulum notes on 153 48 Gram stain use of 175 74 Grease see hydrocarbon oils Groundwaters determination of flow in 143 225 determination of load in 143 225 sampling 25 23 Guaiacol see phenol 50 7 Hafnia isolation of 223 9 Hafnia spp classification of 162 30 Hafnia alvei identification of 162 36 identification of isolate 223 98 significance of 176 13 Hafnium references for methods 29 43 reference to method of determination 1 6

58

Halogenated hydrocarbons see also individual named substances GC - EC head space method 110 19

GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 solvents for 96 28

Hannaea arcus notes on 153 48 Hardness, calcium accuracy of analytical results 43 18 EDTA titration 43 11 Hardness, magnesium EDTA titration 43 17 Hardness, total accuracy of analytical results 43 18 EDTA titration 43 5 Hartmanella host for Legionella 200 15 Hazen units for colour standard solutions 103 8 alpha-HCH EC - GC method 174 7 beta-HCH EC - GC method 174 7 delta-HCH EC - GC method 174 7 gamma-HCH EC - GC method 174 7 Helicobacter pylori emerging pathogen 176 24 Helium references for methods 29 43 Helminth parasites in sewage sludge 188 19 Hepatitis A virus significance of 176 20 Heptachlor EC - GC method 174 7 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Heptachlor epoxide confirmatory procedure 82 23 method for 174 60 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Heptadecane:pristine ratio in oils 193 51 Heptanal taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 12 Heptane Rf values 110 18 Hess-Waters sampler description of 52 11 Heterodera spp in sewage sludge 188 21 Heterotrophic bacteria see also colony count data comparisons 212 17 pour and spread plate methods 182 6 pour and spread plate methods 212 7 Hexachlorobenzene EC - GC method 96 11 EC - GC method 174 7

Rf values 82 16 standard solution 96 13

Hexachlorobutadiene Rf values 170 11 Hexamine see formaldehyde Hexanal taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 12 1,6-Hexanediol biodegradation 199 23 Hexanesulphonate see index for IC methods 140 122 2-Hexanone P and T method 170 18 cis-3-Hexen-1-ol taste and odour problems 171 30 taste and odour problems 196 12

59

HPLC see chromatographic methods Holmium reference to method of determination 1 6 Hopane in oils 193 55 Hugh and Leifson’s base media for drinking waters 183 8 media for drinking waters 231 9 media for environmental waters 175 52 Human enteric viruses introduction to 160 9 Humic acid COD determination 216 8 Hyacinthin taste and odour problems 171 26 Hydrated lime see settlement aids 83 27 Hydrazine index for IC methods 140 122 spectrophotometric method 42 4

standard solution 42 6 Hydride generation techniques arsenic in soils/sludges 99 23 details of 20 30 selenium in soils/sludges 99 23 Hydrocarbons GC-FID determination in water 110 4 in sediments and biota 193 79 in sediments and biota - GC - FID 193 100 in sediments and biota - UV-fluorescence 193 91 in waters by extraction/UV fluorescence 128 6 Hydrocarbon gases GC - FID method 125 7 Hydrocarbon oils analysis in waters 193 42

extraction and gravimetric analysis 77 15 extractable by petroleum ether (40-60) 101 6

extraction and IR determination 77 6 method for determination 15 4 Hydrochloric acid preparation/standardisation of 0.02N 44 12

preparation/standardisation of 0.1N 44 20 preparation/standardisation of 0.1N 98 16 preparation/standardisation of 1.00N 37 7

preparation/standardisation of 1.00N 147 46 Hydrocortisone structure 220 40 Hydrogen method for gas determination 22 6 Hydrogen sulphide method for determining 22 6 taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 12 Hydroxide alkalinity see alkalinity Hydroxybutyrate index for IC methods 140 122 Hydroxycarboxylates index for IC methods 140 122 Hydroxyethylmethacrylate index for IC methods 140 122 16α-Hydroxy-17β-oestradiol structure 220 39 1-Hydroxypryrene metabolite of PAH 193 65 Hydroxyl value of oils 78 11 Hydroxylamine see index for IC methods 140 122 Hydroxyvalerate see index for IC methods 140 122 Hyphomicrobium diagram of 171 31 taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 11

60

Hypochlorite index for IC methods 140 122 Hypophosphite index for IC methods 140 122 ICP spectrometry MS interferences 204 13 OES interferences 204 12 review 163 useful wavelengths 145 17 ICP spectrometry useful wavelengths 163 30 wavelength - phosphorus 147 58 wavelength - silicon 147 58 Imhoff cone method for settleable solids 105 24 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 113 8 GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 3 Rf values 113 39 Indicator organisms use of - in environmental waters 176 11 use of - in sewage sludges 188 15 Indium EAAAS method 123 52 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS 204 16 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12 Indole test details of 179 16 details of 223 19 Inductive Coupled Plasma see ICP Industrial effluents assessment of biodegradability 61 39

assessment of - to toxicity to sewage 106 6 inhibitory effects of 106 45

sampling 25 24 Inorganic carbon calculation 199 19 Insoluble organic carbon definition 157 15 Instrumental methods summary of 29 7 Iodate automated method 80 9

index for IC methods 140 122 Iodide automated method 80 9

index for IC methods 140 122 references for methods 29 43 Iodine automated spectrophotometric method 80 5

method for 27 26 method for 218 53 standard solution 80 6

Iodine value of oils 78 15 Iodofenphos Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Iodomethane P and T method 170 18 Ion chromatography see chromatographic methods

detectors used in 140 24 glossary of terms 140 14

method for bromide 62 33 method for bromide 136 45

61

Ion chromatography (continued) method for chloride 62 33 method for chloride 136 45 method for fluoride 62 24 method for fluoride 136 45 method for nitrate 62 33 method for nitrate 136 45 method for nitrite 62 33 method for nitrite 136 45

method for phosphate 62 33 method for phosphate 136 45 method for phosphate 147 24 method for sulphate 62 33 method for sulphate 136 40

Ion selective electrodes method for carbon dioxide 98 22 method for chloride 51 38 method for cyanide 131 9 method for fluoride 62 9 method for nitrate 40 42 method for sulphide 73 18

summary of 29 17 Ioxynil GC - MS method for 166 1 Imazapyr GC - MS method for 166 37 Indan taste and odour problems 171 30 Indole taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 9 Iridium references for methods 29 43 Iron 2,4,6-tripyridyl-1,3,5-triazine method 11 4 AAS method 76 5 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20

AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8 accuracy of analytical results 76 17 additional analytical information 20 44 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 91 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods for ferric 140 122 index for IC methods for ferrous 140 122 index for IC methods 140 122 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12 Rf values in IC 75 72 standard solution 11 7 standard solution 76 10

Iron ammonium sulphate standardisation of 215 14 Iron-precipitating bacteria isolation of 171 13 isolation of 197 22 Iron salts see settlement aids 83 27 Isobaric molecular interferences formula for 163 69

62

Isobutylamine index for IC methods 140 122 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine taste and odour problems 171 27 Isocitrate index for IC methods 140 122 Isochrysis galbana culture 205 14 Isodrin EC - GC method 174 7 Isoprocarb HPLC - MS method 158 15 Isopropylamine index for IC methods 140 122 Isopropylbenzene Rf values 110 18 Rf values 170 10 2-Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 4-Isopropyltoluene Rf values 170 11 Isoproturon GC - NPD method 155 27 normal phase UV - HPLC method 155 18 Rp UV - HPLC method 155 9 Rf values 155 15 Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 17 Jasmolin see pyrethrins

Rf values 53 15 Kanamycin aesculin azide agar media for drinking waters 180 8 media for drinking waters 202 9 media for drinking waters 229 10 media for environmental waters 175 31 Ketoglutarate index for IC methods 140 122 Kjeldahl nitrogen see nitrogen Klebsiella reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 isolation of 223 9 Klebsiella ornithinolytica identification of isolate 223 98 Klebsiella oxytoca identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 positive indole test 169 2 significance of 176 13 Klebsiella ozaenea classification of 162 30 Klebsiella planticola significance of 176 13 Klebsiella pneumoniae identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 results comparison 162 31 significance of 176 13 Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97 Klebsiella terrigena significance of 176 12 significance of 176 13 Klebsiella spp classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Kluyvera ascorbata identification of isolate 223 97 Kluyvera cryocrescens identification of isolate 223 98

63

Kluyvera spp identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 classification of 162 30 Köhler illumination description of 172 35 Kolmogorov D-test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Kothe’s index meaning of 153 23 Kovács’ reagent media for drinking waters 179 11 media for drinking waters 223 13 media for environmental waters 175 22 modified 223 13 Kováts indices meaning of 58 32 Krypton references for methods 29 43 Lactate index for IC methods 140 123 Rf values in IC 75 72 Lactic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Lactose-gelatin media for drinking waters 180 13 media for drinking waters 230 15 Lactose peptone water media for drinking waters 179 11 media for drinking waters 223 12 media for environmental waters 175 22 Lakes sampling 25 21 Lange-Bertalot’s index meaning of 153 29 Lanthanides index for IC methods 140 123 references for methods 29 43 Lanthanum reference to method of determination 1 6 LAS fluorescence - HPLC method 152 6 Laurate see index for IC methods 140 123 Lead AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8

AAS on solvent extract using APDC 3 7 AAS method for sewage sludge 49 4 additional analytical information 20 44 anodic stripping voltammetry 122 14 APDC-MIBK extraction and AAS 109 28 APDC-chlorofluoroethane AAS 109 40

dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 EAAAS method 109 18 EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 extractable by 0.05M EDTA from soil 71 5

ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS 204 16

index for IC methods 140 123 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of analysis 122 12

saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 101 saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 114

64

Lead (continued) standard solution 3 6 standard solution 122 17 Leclercia isolation of 223 9 Leclercq and Manquet’s index meaning of 153 28 Legionella sampling 200 17 significance of 176 26 significance of 200 11 Legionella pneumophila significance of 176 26 significance of 200 11 Leminorella classification of 162 30 Leptospira in sewage sludge 188 18 Leptothrix taste and odour problems 171 3 taste and odour problems 196 11 diagram of 171 32 Lieskeella diagram of 171 32 Lime requirement of soil 7 8

of soil 149 13 Linalool odour description 156 4 Lindane see gamma-HCH Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates see LAS Linoleate see index for IC methods 140 123 Linolenate see index for IC methods 140 123 Linuron GC - NPD method 155 27 normal phase UV - HPLC method 155 18 reverse phase UV - HPLC method 155 9 Rf values 155 15 Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 17 Liquid scintillation counting description 198 13 Listeria monocytogenes in sewage sludge 188 17 Lithium AAS method 111 8 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

index for IC methods 140 123 ICP - MS 204 33 references for methods 29 43 reference to method of determination 1 6 Rf values in IC 75 72 standard solution in IC 75 70

standard solution 111 11 Load estimation of 143 169 LOEC lowest effective concentration 219 6 lowest effective concentration 221 6 lowest effective concentration 225 6 Logit function DTA test 219 19 DTA test 221 19 DTA test 225 19 Loss on ignition of sewage, sludge and related solids 83 6 Lutetium reference to method of determination 1 6

65

Lysine iron agar media for drinking waters 184 11 media for drinking waters 206 10 media for environmental waters 175 39 MacConkey agar preparation of 175 26 Macrophytes surveying of - in watercourses 108 9 Magnesium AAS method 8 4

AAS method 57 9 AAS method 57 16 AAS method 111 16 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 accuracy of analytical results 8 10 additional analytical information 20 46 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 EDTA titrimetric method 57 9 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 123 references for methods 29 43 Rf values in IC 75 72

standard solution 8 5 standard solution 57 12 standard solution 111 18 standard solution in IC 75 70 Magnesium hardness EDTA titration 43 17 Malate see index for IC methods 140 123 Malathion Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4 standard solution 60 6

Maleate see index for IC methods 140 123 Malonate index for IC methods 140 123 Rf values in IC 75 72 Malonic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Mancozeb GC - FID method 127 27 Maneb GC - FID method 127 27 Manganese AAS method 76 5 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8 accuracy of analytical results 12 13

accuracy of analytical results 76 17 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17

EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

extractable by 0.05M EDTA from soil 71 5 formaldoxime photometric method 12 4

ICP - MS 204 16 ICP - MS method 163 60

index for IC methods 140 123 reference to method of analysis 122 12

66

Manganese (continued) references for methods 29 43 standard solution 76 10

standard solution 12 7 Material extractable in CCl4 method for determination 15 4 Material extractable in petroleum method for determination 101 6 ether Maximum recover diluent media for environmental waters 175 74 MBAS see surfactants MCPA GC - MS confirmation 90 30 GC - MS method 166 1 nitration/methylation confirmation 90 34 pentafluorobenzyl ester/ EC - GC 90 23 MCPB GC - MS confirmation 90 30 GC - MS method 166 1 pentafluorobenzyl ester/ EC-GC 90 23

nitration/methylation confirmation 90 34 MCPP GC - MS confirmation 90 30 GC - MS method 166 1 pentafluorobenzyl ester/ EC - GC 90 23

nitration/methylation confirmation 90 34 Mecarbam Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 Mecoprop see MCPP Media reagents see also index in specific bluebook 66 100 see also index in specific bluebook 159 142 Actinomycete isolation 171 9 Actinomycete isolation 197 8 alkaline peptone water 175 54 alkaline peptone water 185 15 Ampicillin dextrin agar 175 51 Ampicillin dextrin agar 183 7 Ampicillin dextrin agar 231 9 API 171 13 Baird-Parker agar 175 46 bile aesculin agar 175 30 bile aesculin agar 180 8 bile aesculin agar 202 8 bile aesculin agar 229 9 brilliant green agar 175 38 brilliant green agar 184 9 buffered nitrate-motility 181 13 buffered nitrate-motility 213 13 buffered nitrate-motility 222 14 buffered nitrate-motility 230 14 buffered peptone water 175 37 buffered peptone water 184 9 buffered peptone water 206 9 buffered peptone water 223 85 calcium glucose solution 175 63 Campylobacter enrichment broth 185 22

67

Media reagents (continued) Campylobacter selective agar 185 23 cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey 161 11 cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey 223 85 cefsulodin irgasan novobiocin agar 185 9 Columbia agar 230 15 Crossley’s milk medium 175 34 glucose azide broth 175 31 Hugh and Leifson’s base 175 52 Hugh and Leifson’s base 183 8 Hugh and Leifson’s base 231 9 Kanamycin aesculin azide agar 175 31 Kanamycin aesculin azide agar 180 8 Kanamycin aesculin azide agar 202 9 Kanamycin aesculin azide agar 229 10 Kovács’ reagent 175 22 Kovács’ reagent 179 11 Kovács’ reagent 223 13 lactose - gelatin 180 13 lactose - gelatin 230 15 lactose peptone water 175 22 lactose peptone water 179 11 lactose peptone water 223 12 lysine iron agar 175 39 lysine iron agar 184 11 lysine iron agar 206 10 MacConkey agar 175 26 maximum recover diluent 175 74 membrane enterococcus agar 180 8 membrane enterococcus agar 202 8 membrane enterococcus agar 229 9 membrane lauryl sulphate broth 175 21 membrane lauryl sulphate broth 179 10 membrane lauryl sulphate broth 223 11 milk agar with cetrimide 175 49 milk agar with cetrimide 231 18 MLGA 179 21 MLGA 223 27 MMGM (double strength) 175 25 MMGM (double strength) 179 31 MMGM (double strength) 223 43 modified API 197 19 modified buffered peptone water 175 56 modified desoxycholate citrate agar 175 60 modified desoxycholate citrate agar 184 31 modified desoxycholate citrate agar 206 30 modified Hajnia GN broth 175 59 modified Hajnia GN broth 184 30 modified Hajnia GN broth 206 29 modified Hoktoen agar 175 60 modified Hoktoen agar 184 31

68

Media reagents (continued) modified Kovács’ reagent 223 13 modified Hoktoen agar 206 30 modified phosphate buffered solution 223 86 modified Postgate’s 171 12 modified sorbitol MacConkey agar 175 57 modified Starkey’s 197 18 modified tryptone soya broth 175 57 modified tryptone soya broth 223 84 modified W-R 171 15 modified W-R 197 23 Mueller Hinton agar 231 19 nutrient agar 175 22 ONPG discs 223 13 peptone saline solution 175 62 Perfringens (OPSP) agar 175 33 phosphate buffered saline solution 175 57 Pseudomonas agar base 175 48 Pseudomonas agar base 183 14 Pseudomonas agar base 231 18 oxidase reagent 175 22 R2A agar 175 36 R2A agar 181 8 R2A agar 212 8 Rappaport Vassiliadis enrichment broth 175 38 Rappaport Vassiliadis enrichment broth 184 9 Rappaport Vassiliadis enrichment broth 206 9 Ringer’s solution (quarter strength) 175 74 Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar 171 11 Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar 197 12 Slanetz and Bartley agar 175 30 thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar 175 54 thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar 185 16 triple sugar iron agar 175 39 triple sugar iron agar 184 11 triple sugar iron agar 185 9 triple sugar iron agar 206 11 tris-buffered peptone 185 8 tryptone nutrient agar 223 12 tryptone water 175 22 tryptone water 179 11 tryptone water 223 12 tryptone yeast extract glucose agar 175 63 tryptone yeast extract glucose broth 175 63 tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar 175 33 tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar 182 7 tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar 213 7 tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar 222 8 tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar 230 8 urea broth 175 40 urea broth 184 12

69

Media reagents (continued) urea broth 185 10 urea broth 206 11 Vancomycin cefixime cefsulodin broth 161 11 xylose lysine desoxycholate agar 175 38 xylose lysine desoxycholate agar 184 10 yeast extract agar 175 35 yeast extract agar 180 8 yeast extract agar 206 10 yeast extract agar 212 7 yeast extract broth 175 49 yeast extract broth 231 18 Membrane enterococcus agar media for drinking waters 180 8 media for drinking waters 202 8 media for drinking waters 229 9 Membrane filtration details of 178 22 Membrane lactose glucuronide agar see MLGA Membrane lauryl sulphate broth see MLSB Methanol EC50 value 207 17 COD recovery data 215 58 Menthol odour description 156 4 taste and odour problems 171 30 Mercaptans taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 12 Mercuric nitrate preparation of approx 0.01N solution 51 20 standard solution (1 ml = 1 mg chloride) 51 17 Mercury additional analytical information 20 46 AFS method 204 65 AFS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8 bromine oxidation/flameless AAS 92 6 commercial hydride generation methods 99 38 cold vapour technique 20 29

disposal of residues 91 27 disposal of residues 126 20

disposal of residues 215 63 dithizone extraction, flameless AAS 10 14

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 flameless AAS 10 4 flameless/AAS method for sediments 92 16 flameless AAS method for soils etc 92 29 flameless atomic fluorescence method 92 22 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 123 recovery 51 44

recovery 97 46 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of analysis 122 12

standard solution 10 6 standard solution 92 10 Meridon circulare notes on 153 48 Mestranol structure 220 39

70

Meta arsenite index for IC methods 140 123 Metaldehyde GC - MS and LC - MS methods 226 Metallogenium diagram of 171 32 Metals use of plants to monitor heavy 144 6 Metamitron HPLC method 155 56 Metaphosphate index for IC methods 140 123 Methabenzthiazuron Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 17 Methacrylonitrile P and T method 170 18 Metham sodium GC - FID method 127 27 Methane GC - FID method 125 7 method for determining 22 6 Methanol continuous flow method 72 36

GC method 72 42 standard solution 72 38

Methiocarb HPLC - MS method 158 7 HPLC - UV method 127 7 Methiocarb HPLC - UV method 127 19 Methomyl HPLC - MS method 158 7 Methoxychlor EC - GC method 174 7 Metolcarb HPLC - MS method 158 15 Methylamine index for IC methods 140 123 N-methyl-N-t-butyldimethyl- silyltrifluoroacetamide derivatisation of steroids 220 34 3-Methylcatechol see phenol 50 15 4-Methylcatechol see phenol 50 15 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol Rf values 124 53 Methylene blue active substances see surfactants Methylethylketone P and T method 170 18 2-Methylisoborneol GC - MS method 171 19 odour description 156 4 taste and odour problems 171 1 taste and odour problems 196 6 Methyl methacrylate P and T method 170 18 2-Methyl-2-pentanone P and T method 170 18 Methyl sulphate index for IC methods 140 123 Mevinphos Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Microbial tracers see tracers Microbispora taste and odours problems 171 1 taste and odours problems 196 6 Microcystin-FR Rf values 168 10 Microcystin-LA Rf values 168 10 Microcystin-LF Rf values 168 10 Microcystin-LY Rf values 168 10 Microcystin-LW Rf values 168 10 Microcystin-LR HPLC method 154 7 HPLC method 168 1 Microcystin-RR HPLC method 168 1 Microcystin-YR HPLC method 168 1

71

Microcystis significance of 176 28 Microsporidia significance of 176 22 Milk agar with cetrimide media for environmental waters 175 49 Minerals modified glutamate medium see MMGM Mitin N ion-pair HPLC method 151 16 Mitin FF ion-pair PHLC method 151 16 MLGA media for drinking waters 179 21 media for drinking waters 223 27 media for E. coli and coliforms 169 1 MLSB media for drinking waters 179 10 media for E. coli and coliforms 169 1 media for environmental waters 175 21 MMGM double strength medium 175 25 double strength medium 179 31 double strength medium 223 43 Modified buffered peptone water media for environmental waters 175 56 Modified desoxycholate citrate agar media for drinking waters 184 31 media for drinking waters 206 30 media for environmental waters 175 60 Modified Dragendorff reagent preparation of 47 30 Modified Hajnia GN broth media for drinking waters 184 30 media for drinking waters 206 29 media for environmental waters 175 59 Modified Hoktoen agar media for drinking waters 184 31 media for drinking waters 206 30 media for environmental waters 175 60 Modified Kovács’ reagent media for drinking waters 223 13 Modified phosphate buffered solution preparation 223 86 Modified Postgate’s medium B preparation of 171 12 Modified sorbitol MacConkey agar media for environmental waters 175 57 Modified Starkey’s medium preparation 197 18 Modified tryptone soya broth media for environmental waters 175 57 media for drinking waters 223 84 Modified W-R medium preparation of 171 15 preparation of 197 23 Moellerella spp classification of 162 30 Molybdates index for IC methods 140 123 Rf values 167 17 Molybdenum AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewage 93 20 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS 204 16 ICP - MS method 163 60 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of analysis 122 12

reference to method of determination 1 6 soils by thiocyanate determination 70 13

standard solution 70 8 standard solution 70 15

thiocyanate spectrophotometric method 70 6 Monobromoacetate index for IC methods 140 123

72

Mono-chloramine see total available chlorine method for 218 21 method for 218 30 Monochloroacetate index for IC methods 140 123 Monoethylamine index for IC methods 140 123 Monolinuron Rf values 155 16 Monuron Rf values 155 15 Rf values 155 16 Rf values 155 17 Morganella spp classification of 162 30 Morpholine index for IC methods 140 123 Morphothion Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 Most probable number tables for 6, 11 and 15 tube series 175 69 tables for 6, 11 and 15 tube series 179 39 tables for 6, 11 and 15 tube series 223 56 Most probable range tables for 6, 11 and 15 tube series 175 69 tables for 6, 11 and 15 tube series 179 39 tables for 6, 11 and 15 tube series 223 56 MPN see most probable number MPR see most probable range Mueller Hinton agar preparation of 231 19 Multiple tube technique details of 178 22 Mycobacteria significance of 176 27 Mycobacterium avium emerging pathogen 176 24 Myristate index for IC methods 140 123 Nabam GC - FID method 127 27 Naegleria host for Legionella 200 15 provisional identification of 138 17 Nais significance of 176 28 Nandrolone structure 220 39 Nannochloropsis oculata culture 205 14 Naphthalene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 110 18

Rf values 113 39 Rf values 170 11 Naphthalene-d8 internal standard for VOCs 170 3 2-Naphthol see phenol 50 7 Naumaniella diagram of 171 32 Navicula accomoda notes on 153 49 Navicula atomus notes on 153 49 Navicula goeppertiana notes on 153 49 Navicula gregaria notes on 153 49 Navicula lanceolata notes on 153 49 Navicula subtillisima notes on 153 49 n-butylbenzene Rf values 170 11 Neodymium reference to method of determination 1 6 Neon references for methods 29 44

73

Nessler's reagent preparation of 40 11 preparation of 48 10

Neutron activation analysis review 81 28 sources for 81 16 Nickel AAS method 46 21 AAS method on MIBK extract 46 4 AAS method for sewage sludge 49 4 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8 accuracy of analytical results 46 28 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 60

dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 EAAAS method 123 58

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 extractable by 0.5M acetic acid 71 13

extractable by 0.05M EDTA from soil 71 5 furil-α-dioxime photometric method 46 13 ICP - MS 204 16 ICP - MS method 163 60 index for IC methods 140 123 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of analysis 122 12 reference to method of determination 1 6 Rf values in IC 75 72 saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 101 saline waters by APDC – AAS 122 114

standard solution 46 7 standard solution 46 16 standard solution 46 23 Nicotinic acid COD recovery data 215 58 Niflumic acid internal standard for acid herbicides 166 38 Niobium references for methods 29 44 Nitella flexilis monitoring heavy metals using 144 17 Nitrate see also total oxidized nitrogen

air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 direct UV spectrophotometric method 40 36 IC method 62 33 IC method 136 45 index for IC methods 140 123 ISE method 40 42

references for methods 29 44 Rf values 167 17 Rf values in IC 75 72 Rf values in IC 75 86 standard solution 40 7

standard solution 40 25 standard solution 40 38 standard solution in IC 75 69 sulphosalicylic photometric method 40 31

74

Nitrification assessment of inhibition to 55 10 nitrifying ability of activated sludge 55 6 Nitrilotriacetate index for IC methods 140 123 Nitrite see also total oxidized nitrogen

air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 FIA 141 30 FIA 141 32 IC method 62 33 IC method 136 45

index for IC methods 140 123 photometric diazotization method 40 49 Rf values 167 17

Rf values in IC 75 72 Rf values in IC 75 86

standard solution 40 7 standard solution 40 26 standard solution in IC 75 69 titrimetric method with sulphanilic acid 40 54 Nitrobacter nitrification using 207 7 Nitrogen Kjeldahl method with copper catalyst 126 21

Kjeldahl method with copper/titanium 126 34 Kjeldahl method with hydrogen peroxide 126 26 Kjeldahl method with mercury catalyst 126 11 method for gas determination 22 6 references for methods 29 44 standard solution 126 9 Nitrogen trichloride see total available chlorine method for 218 22 Nitrogen trichloride method for 218 32 4-Nitrophenol Rf values 124 53 Nitrosomonas nitrification using 207 7 Nitzschia amphibia notes on 153 49 Nitzschia palea notes on 153 49 Nocardia taste and odours problems 171 1 taste and odours problems 196 6 Nodularin HPLC method 168 1 microcystin-LR internal standard 154 8 NOEC no observed effect concentration 219 6 no observed effect concentration 221 6 no observed effect concentration 225 6 Non-ionic surfactants see surfactants air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 Non-purgeable organic carbon see non-volatile organic carbon Non-volatile organic carbon definition 157 16 Norwalk-like viruses significance of 176 20 Nutrient agar media 175 22 Obesumbacteria spp classification of 162 30 Ochrobium diagram of 171 33 taste and odour problem 197 22

75

Octadecane:phytane ratio in oils 193 51 Octane Rf values 110 18 Octylsulphonate index for IC methods 140 123 Odour assessment of problems 171 1 assessment of problems 196 6 method at temperature of 40 oC 41 6 qualitative method 156 4 qualitative method 233 11 quantitative method 156 7 quantitative method 233 19 simple method 41 4 Oenanthate see index for IC methods 140 123 17β-Oestradiol LC-MS determination 220 8 LC-MS determination 220 19 GC-MS determination 220 29 structure 220 38 Oestrione-3-sulphate structure 220 38 Oestrone LC-MS determination 220 8 LC-MS determination 220 19 GC-MS determination 220 29 structure 220 38 Oils acetyl value of 78 11 acid value 78 18 characteristic values of certain 78 25 extraction 118 7 filtration 118 7 gas chromatograms of various 67 37 GC method of methyl esters of 67 14 gravimetry 118 7 guide to methods of analysis of 128 22 high resolution GC method 67 29 hydroxyl value of 78 11 identification of markers in gas 67 33 iodine value 78 15 low resolution GC method 67 6 recovery/preparation of distillates 67 23

reference solution 67 8 sampling of 104 4 saponification value of 78 8 TLC characterisation of 86 5 waters by UV fluorescence 193 21 Oil spill contamination an introduction 193 9 Oleate see index for IC methods 140 123 Olpidium in sewage sludge 188 21 Omethoate Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 ONPG discs media for drinking waters 223 13 op'-DDT Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15

76

op'-TDE Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Organically bound tritium definition 198 7 Organic carbon calculation 199 19 method by IR detection 157 27 UV - persulphate oxidation 157 32 Organisms toxicity testing with aquatic 64 7 Organochlorine pesticides capillary columns 82 29 column packing material 12 15

confirmation of identity of 13 20 EC - GC method 174 1

EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 methods for determining 13 6 sewage, sludges, muds and fish 82 5 Organophosphorus pesticides disposal of solutions of 60 7

GC method 60 5 Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges 95 4 TLC confirmation 60 14 TLC confirmation 95 10

Organosulphates index for IC methods 140 123 Organosulphonates index for IC methods 140 123 ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-galacto- see ONPG pyranoside Orthophosphates index for IC methods 140 123 Oscillatoria significance of 176 28 taste and odours problems 171 1 taste and odours problems 196 6 Osmium references for methods 29 44 Oxalacetate see index for IC methods 140 123 Oxalate Rf values in IC 75 72

see index for IC methods 140 123 Oxalic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 COD recovery data 215 58 Oxamyl HPLC - MS method 158 7 Oxidase reagent media 175 22 Oxidase test details of 179 26 details of 223 18 Oxidation procedures for removal of organic substances 122 111 Oxyalkylene content see surfactants Oxygen see dissolved oxygen

method for determining 22 6 references for methods 29 44

Ozone method for 27 26 method for 218 57 1:10 Phenanthrolin discs for Pseudomonas 231 19 PAH see polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Palladium index for IC methods 140 123 reference to methods for 29 44

77

Palmer’s index meaning of 153 30 Palmitate index for IC methods 140 123 Pantoea isolation of 223 9 Pantoea agglomerans identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Pantoea spp identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Paraffin method relating to analysis of 128 32 Paraquat ion exchange - UV method 117 7 Parathion Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4 standard solution 60 6

Parathion-methyl Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13

Parathion-O-analogue Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13

Partition coefficient equation for 58 6 PCB according to chlorination level 187 27 confirmation of identity of 13 20 confirmatory procedure 82 25

EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 EC - GC method 174 17 GC - MS method 174 47 GC - MS method for soil 187 6 methods for determining 13 6 sewage, sludges, muds and fish 82 5 structures of 174 35 structures of 187 11 PCP see phenol 50 15 see also pentachlorophenol PCSD see chlorphenylid Pebulate HPLC - UV method 127 7 HPLC - UV method 127 19 Pedomicrobium definition 197 22 diagram of 171 33 Pelargonate index for IC methods 140 123 Pendimethalin EC - GC method 174 18 Penicillium caeseicolum taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Pentachlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 Pentachloroethane GC - EC head space method 110 19

GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Pentachlorophenol see also phenol 50 15

GC - MS method 166 1 GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 HPLC - UV method 124 32

methylation / EC - GC method 90 15 Pentacyclic triterpanes see hopane 1,3-Pentadiene taste and odour problems 171 30

78

Pentaerythritol biodegradation 199 23 Pentafluorobenzene internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Pentan-3-one method for 135 12 Pentanesulphonate see index for IC methods 140 123 Pentanoate see index for IC methods 140 123 Pentylethanoate odour description 156 4 Peptone saline solution media for environmental waters 175 62 Perchlorate index for IC methods 140 123 Perchloroethylene see tetrachloroethylene Perdisulphate index for IC methods 140 123 Perfringens (OPSP) agar media for environmental waters 175 33 Periodate index for IC methods 140 123 Permanganate index for IC methods 140 123 Permanganate value air segmented continuous flow method 24 5

4 hour 27 oC test 107 12 10 minute boiling water test 107 5 other tests for determining 107 16

Permethrin GC - EC method 53 4 GC - EC method 146 7

Permethrin-cis see pyrethrins EC - GC method 174 18

Rf values 53 15 Permethrin-trans see pyrethrins

EC - GC method 174 18 Rf values 53 15

Peronia erinacea notes on 153 49 Peroxides test for the presence of ether 90 8 Perylene Rf values 113 39 Petrol method relating to analysis of 128 32 Petroleum solvents method relating to analysis of 128 32 pH pH 2.5 buffer 124 35 pH 3.1 buffer 44 26 pH 4 buffer 14 12 pH 4.0 buffer 44 13 pH 4.0 buffer 44 21 pH 4.0 buffer 149 8 pH 5.2 buffer 39 17 pH 6.9 buffer 44 13 pH 6.9 buffer 44 21 pH 7.0 buffer 7 9 pH 9.2 buffer 44 13 pH 9.4 buffer 87 17 pH 10.1 buffer 136 51 pH 4.0 of a low conductivity water 149 8 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 definition of 14 10 low ionic strength waters 120 7 natural, treated and waste waters 14 9

sludge, soil, mud and sediment 7 4 sludge, soil, mud and sediment 149 6

79

Phase contrast illumination description of 172 36 Phenanthrene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 110 18

Rf values 113 39 Phenkapton Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Phenmedipham Rf values 155 16 Phenol 4-aminoantipyrine (pH 10)/extraction 50 22 4-aminoantipyrine (pH 7.9) extraction 50 28 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone extraction 50 34 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5

GC method 50 8 GC - EC bromination method 124 21

HPLC - electrochemical detection 124 25 monohydric/4-aminoantipyrine (pH 10) 50 16 relative responses of a range of phenols 50 7 Rf values in IC 75 73

standard solution 50 18 standard solution 50 24 Phenols GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8

HPLC - UV method 124 32 Phenylacetaldhyde taste and odour problems 171 27 Phenylethylamine taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 2-Phenylphenol see phenol 50 14

HPLC - UV method 124 32 Rf values 155 17 3-Phenylphenol see phenol 50 14 4-Phenylphenol see phenol 50 14

HPLC - UV method 124 32 Phenylurea herbicides GC - NPD method 155 27 normal phase UV - HPLC method 155 18 reverse phase UV - HPLC method 155 9 Phorate Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Phorate-O-analogue Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Phosalone Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Phosphamidon Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Phosphate air segmented continuous flow method 24 5

continuous method 91 39 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17

FIA 141 34 IC method 62 33

index for IC methods 140 123 pre-treatment prior to analysis 147 26 Rf values in IC 75 72

80

Phosphate (continued) Rf values in IC 75 86 Rf values 167 17

standard solution 26 12 standard solution 26 19 standard solution 38 8 standard solution 38 13 standard solution 91 17 standard solution 147 13

standard solution 91 42 standard solution 136 16 standard solution in IC 75 69

Phosphate buffered saline media for environmental waters 175 57 Phosphite index for IC methods 140 123 Phosphonates index for IC methods 140 123 Phosphorus phosphomolybdenum blue method 38 5

phosphomolybdenum blue method 147 10 phosphomolybdenum blue extraction 38 11

phosphovanadomolybdate method 147 19 pre-treatment prior to analysis 147 26

ICP - MS 204 16 references for methods 29 44 standard solution 38 8 standard solution 38 13

standard solution 147 13 standard solution 147 20 Phthalates index for IC methods 140 123 Rf values 167 17 Phthalic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Phytane:octadecane ratio in oils 193 51 Phytophthora fragariae in sewage sludge 188 21 Picene internal standard for PAHs 165 41 Picloram GC - MS method for 166 25 3-Picoline COD recovery data 215 58 Picornaviridae significance of 176 20 Piperidine see index for IC methods 140 124 Pipettes note on accurate measurement using 100 9 Pirimicarb TLC method 127 21 Pirimiphos-methyl Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 sewage sludges by FPD - GC 95 4 standard solution 60 6 Pirimithate Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Planctomyces diagram of 171 33 Plants initial preparation of 6 11

initial preparation prior to analysis 89 21 use of - to monitor heavy metals 144 1

Plasma emission spectral lines list of elements and wavelengths 1 74

81

Platinum care of 62 54 cleaning procedure for crucibles 37 24

index for IC methods 140 124 Platinum references for methods 29 44 Polarography summary of 29 12 Polonium references for methods 29 44 Polychlorinated biphenyls see PCB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis of 193 42 fluorescence wavelengths 165 39 GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 113 8 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 7 Rf values 113 39 sediments and biota - GC- MS 193 95 TLC - UV method 113 18 Polyelectrolytes see settlement aids 83 27 Potable waters sampling 25 23 Potamogeton pectinatus monitoring heavy metals using 144 20 Potassium AAS method 35 9 accuracy of analytical results 35 15 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

references for methods 29 44 flame photometric method 35 4 flame photometric method 57 14 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 124 Rf values in IC 75 72

standard solution 35 6 standard solution 57 12 standard solution in IC 75 70 Potassium bromate standard solution of 0.1N (0.01667M) 33 6 Potassium chloride preparation of 0.005M solution 14 7 Potassium dichromate preparation of standard solution 4 7

preparation of 0.01N (M/600) solution 27 17 preparation of 0.01N (M/600) solution 218 19 standard solution of 0.02083M (M/48) 59 6 standard solution of 0.02083M (M/48) 97 12

standard solution of 0.02083M (M/48) 215 14 Potassium dichromate standard solution of 0.00833M (M/120) 215 20

standard solution of 0.0833M (M/12) 215 21 Potassium hydrogen phthalate preparation of 400 mg/l COD solution 4 8

preparation of 400 mg/l COD solution 97 14 preparation of 400 mg/l COD solution 215 14

preparation of 4000 mg/l COD solution 215 21 Potassium hydroxide 0.5M ethanolic solution 78 9 Potassium iodate preparation of 0.0042M solution 16 9 preparation of 0.0042M solution 73 8

preparation of 0.025N solution 100 15 Potassium iodate-iodide equivalent to 10 mg/l as chlorine 218 10

82

Potassium permanganate preparation/standardisation of 0.002M 107 8 equivalent to 10 mg/l as chlorine 218 10 equivalent to 1000 mg/l as chlorine 218 28 pp'-DDE confirmatory procedure 82 22 EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 pp'-DDT confirmatory procedure 82 21 EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 pp'-DTE confirmatory procedure 82 22 EC - GC method for turbid waters 96 18 Rf values 82 16 Rf values / packing material 13 15 Pragia classification of 162 30 Praseodymium reference to method of determination 1 6 Presence-absence tests for coliforms and E. coli 162 7 Preservation techniques after sampling 25 38 Pre-treatment see chemical pre-treatment

for boron analysis 39 30 of contaiminated soils 201 7 for removal of organic substances 122 111 of samples prior to analysis 145 8 Pristine:heptadecane ratio in oils 193 51 Probit function DTA test 219 19 DTA test 221 19 DTA test 225 19 Promecarb HPLC - MS method 158 16 Promethium references for methods 29 44 Prometryne methylation / NSD - GC method 90 43 Propane GC - FID method 125 7 Propazine methylation / NSD - GC method 90 43 Rf values 155 15 Propham HPLC - UV method 127 7

HPLC - UV method 127 19 Rf values 155 15 TLC method 127 21 Propiconazole EC - GC method 174 18 Propionaldehyde method for 135 12 Propionate index for IC methods 140 124 Rf values in IC 75 72 Propionic acid Rf values in IC 75 73 Propoxur HPLC - MS method 158 7 HPLC - UV method 127 14 Propylamine index for IC methods 140 124 iso-Propylbenzene Rf values 170 10 n-Propylbenzene Rf values 170 10 Propyzamide EC - GC method 174 7 Proteus reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41

83

Proteus morganii colour reactions in selected media 175 42 Proteus spp classification of 162 30 Proteus vulgaris colour reactions in selected media 175 42 Providencia reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 Providencia spp classification of 162 30 Pseudokirschneriella subcapitata culture 208 30 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algal growth inhibition test 219 7 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata picture 219 10 Pseudomonas significance of 176 24 taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa confirmation data 231 26 growth on MHA 231 23 isolation of 175 47 MF method for drinking waters 183 13 MF method for drinking waters 231 16 oxidase-positive picture 223 18 ONPG- and indole-negative picture 223 20 significance of 176 25 use as reference 223 22 Pseudomonas agar base media for drinking waters 183 14 media for environmental waters 175 48 Pseudomonas diminuta QC baterium 183 17 Pseudomonas fluorescens growth on MHA 231 23 identification of 162 33 identification of 231 28 significance of 176 25 Pseudomonas putida identification of 162 33 identification of 231 28 significance of 176 25 Putrescine taste and odour problems 171 2

taste and odour problems 196 9 Pyrene GC - MS method for soil 186 6 HPLC - fluorescence method 165 2 Rf values 113 39 Pyrethrins method using EC - GC 53 4

Rf values 53 15 Pyridine COD recovery data 215 58 Pyrogallol see alkaline pyrogallol solution see phenol 50 4 Pyrophosphate see index for IC methods 140 124 Pyrrolidine see index for IC methods 140 124 Pyruvate see index for IC methods 140 124 Pythium in sewage sludge 188 21 Quaternary ammonium compounds HPLC method 164 7 Quinine hydrochloride taste and odour problems 171 30 Quinizarin see identification of markers in gas oil 67 33 Quinol see phenol 50 14

84

R2A agar media for drinking waters 182 8 media for drinking waters 212 8 media for environmental waters 175 36 Radiation analytical instrumentation 81 13 measurements in water 94 6

review 81 7 units of measurement of 81 6

using X-ray fluorescence measurements 94 55 Radioactive isotopes data for some 94 14 Radioactive tracers use of 81 31 Radioactivity carrier solution used in measurements of 132 18

detection limits in measurements 132 29 determination by γ-ray spectrometry 132 6

Radionuclides determined by gamma ray spectrometry 132 26 Radium determination of 94 38 interferences from 198 8 Radium references for methods 29 44 Radon determination of 94 38

determination in air 94 53 gross gamma measurement in water 94 33 interferences from 198 8 references for methods 29 44 Ralstonia pickettii significance of 176 25 Ralstonia solanacearum in sewage sludge 188 20 Raoultella isolation of 223 9 Raoutella terrigena identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Rappaport Vassiliadis enrichment broth media for drinking waters 184 9 media for drinking waters 206 9 media for environmental waters 175 38 Reimeria sinuate notes on 153 49 Reoviridae introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 21 Report 71 see index 66 see index 159 Reservoirs sampling 25 21 sampling 143 80 Residual chlorine meaning of terms 27 7 meaning of terms 218 7 Residual organic carbon see non-volatile organic carbon Resmethrin Rf values 53 15 Resolution equation for column 67 8 Resorcinol see phenol 50 14 Rhanella aquatilis classification of 162 30 Rhenium references for methods 29 44 see index for IC methods 140 124 Rhinomonas reticulata culture 205 14 Rhodium references for methods 29 44 Rhodococcus coprophilus indicator organism 176 17 Rhiocosphenia abbreviata notes on 153 49

85

Rhynchostegium riparioides monitoring heavy metals using 144 19 Ringer’s solution (¼ strength) media for environmental waters 175 74 River classification details of 85 17 Rivers sampling 25 20 sampling 143 76 Robots use of - in methods of analysis 137 16 Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar preparation of 171 11 preparation of 197 12 Rotaviruses introduction to 160 9 significance of 176 21 Rubidium dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 index for IC methods 140 124 reference to method of determination 1 6 references for methods 29 44 Rf values in IC 75 72

Ruthenium references for methods 29 44 Salinity adjustments algal growth inhibition test 221 10 algal growth inhibition test 225 10 Salmonella isolation in environmental waters 175 37 reaction in lysine iron agar 175 41 significance of 176 18 method for drinking waters 184 7 method for drinking waters 184 18 method for drinking waters 194 7 method for drinking waters 194 18 method for drinking waters 206 7 method for drinking waters 206 18 methods in sewage sludge 190 methods in sewage sludge 195 growth of 206 15 growth of 206 34 Salmonella bongori definition 206 7 Salmonella dublin QC bacteria strain 178 13 Salmonella enterica definition 206 7 Salmonella Enteritidis definition 206 7 Salmonella Montevideo definition 206 7 Salmonella paratyphi significance of 176 18 Salmonella subterranea definition 206 7 Salmonella typhi definition 206 7 significance of 176 18 Salmonella typhimurium host for bacteriophages 175 62 Salmonella typhimurium definition 206 7 Salmonellae isolation and identification 63 5 Salmonella spp classification of 162 30 Samarium references for methods 29 44 reference to method of determination 1 6

86

Sampling aquatic benthic macro-invertebrates 18 4 bethnic macro-invertebrates in water 79 4

bottles/cans/syphons and containers 98 33 coastal waters 25 22 containers used for 25 45 containers used for 143 36 containers used for 143 43 Cryptosporidium 224 1 Cryptosporidium 234 12 dip 232 18

device for - in lowland waters 85 4 devices for / in shallow flowing waters 52 4 domestic propoerties 232 24 drinking water fountains 232 26 drinking waters 177 6 drinking waters 232 7 drinks vending machines 232 27

effluents 143 110 fish populations 121 10 frequency of 143 22 Giardia 224 1 Giardia 234 12 groundwaters 25 23 groundwaters 143 82 groundwaters 232 20 high rise buildings 232 25 hydrants 232 28 industrial effluents 25 24 lakes 25 21 lakes 143 80

macro-invertebates in supply systems 84 4 marine waters 143 65 methods of biological 18 4 micro-layers of oil 193 78

non-planktonic algae 74 4 oils, fats, waxes and tars 104 4 order of 232 14 pipes 6 6 pipes 89 9 plants and wild life 89 5 potable waters 25 23

potable waters 143 106 precipitation 143 101

preservation of samples after 25 38 preservation of samples after 143 36

preservation of samples after 143 43 public buildings 232 26 rain waters 143 101 recreational/environmental waters 175 11 reservoirs 25 21

87

Sampling (continued) reservoirs 143 80 review 25 15

review 143 9 rivers 25 20

rivers 143 76 saline waters 143 65 sediments 25 25 sediments 143 33 service reservoirs 232 22 sewage effluents 25 24

sewage sludges 189 6 sewage and sludges 6 4

sewage and sludges 143 40 sewage and sludges 143 113 sewage, sludges, sediments, soils 9 5 soils and sediments 6 7 statistical aspects of 143 11 storage conditions of samples after 25 45

storage conditions of samples after 143 36 storage conditions of samples after 143 43 storage of samples after 232 30 streams 25 20 streams 143 76 surface waters 232 20

tanks 6 5 tanks 89 7 techniques of 143 30 time of 143 22 water treatment works 232 21

Saponification value of oils 78 8 of samples 193 79 Scandium references for methods 29 44 reference to method of determination 1 6 Scapania undulate monitoring heavy metals using 144 19 Scenedesmus subspicatus culture 208 30 Schradan Rf values 60 11 Rf values 95 13 sec-butylbenzene Rf values 170 10 Sediments initial preparation of 6 11

sampling 25 25 Sediments initial preparation prior to analysis 89 21 Selenate index for IC methods 140 124 Selenite index for IC methods 140 124 Selenium additional analytical information 20 46

AFS method 204 89 commercial hydride generation methods 99 38

diaminonaphthalene fluorimetric method 99 16 EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84 EC - GC method 99 7 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

88

Selenium (continued) ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 16 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of analysis 122 12 soil/sludge method - hydride generation 99 23 standard solution 99 10

Seliberia diagram of 171 33 Serbam GC - FID method 127 31 Serratia isolation of 223 9 taste and odour problems 171 13 taste and odour problems 197 22 Serratia fonticola identification of 162 35 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 significance of 176 12 significance of 176 13 Serratia liquefaciens identification of 162 36 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Serratia marcescens use as tracer 175 66 significance of 176 13 Serratia odorifera identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Serratia plymuthica identification of 162 36 Serratia spp classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Settleability of activated sludge 83 42 Settleable solids Imhoff cone method 105 24 method for 105 20 Settlement aids method for selection of chemicals as 83 25 Sewage effluents sampling 25 24 Sewage sludge adsorption characteristics of substances 148 6 assessment of treatability of chemicals 114 35 inhibitory effects to digestion of 102 7 initial preparation prior to analysis 91 8 treatment overview 188 7 sampling 189 6 Shapiro-Wilk’s test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Shigella in lysine iron agar 175 41 significance of 176 19 Shigella boydii definition 175 59 significance of 176 19 Shigella dysenteriae definition 175 59 significance of 176 19 Shigella flexneri definition 175 59 significance of 176 19

89

Shigella sonnei classification of 162 30 definition 175 59 significance of 176 19 Shigella spp classification of 162 30 growth of 206 34 isolation of - environmental waters 175 59 method for drinking waters 184 29 method for drinking waters 194 29 method for drinking waters 206 28 Siderocapsa diagram of 171 34 taste and odour problems 171 13 Siderococcus diagram of 171 34 SI units for the measurement of radiation 94 5 Silicate 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid 147 36 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5

FIA 141 38 index for IC methods 140 124 standard solution 147 40 Silicon 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid 147 36 ascorbic acid photometric method 147 44 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

molybdosilicic photometric method 37 5 molybdosilicic photometric method 37 13 pre-treatment methods for conversion 37 22

pre-treatment methods for conversion 147 52 references for methods 29 44 standard solution 37 7 standard solution 147 40

Silicon dioxide see silicon Silver AAS method 68 4

AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 accuracy of analytical results 68 16

cleaning procedure for crucibles of 37 24 EAAAS method 123 64 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 16

index for IC methods 140 124 method for recovery of 51 41 recovery of 62 69

recovery of 97 46 reference to method of analysis 122 12 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of determination 1 6

sewage sludge by AAS 68 11 standard solution 68 6 standard solution 68 13 standard solution 123 67

90

Silver nitrate standard solution (1 ml = 1 mg chloride) 51 8 standard solution of 0.0141M 51 24 standard solution of 0.01M 131 8 standard solution of 0.1M 100 35

use of - in COD determinations 215 8 Simazine methylation / NSD - GC method 90 43 Rf values 155 15 Skatole taste and odour problems 171 2 taste and odour problems 196 9 Skeletona costatum algal growth inhibitipn test 221 7 algal growth inhibitipn test 225 7 picture 221 11 picture 225 11 Slanetz and Bartley agar media for environmental waters 175 30 Sludge cake compressibility measurement of 83 45 Sludge digester gas GC method 22 6

volumetric method 22 13 Smell bell see odour description 156 28 description 233 25 Sodium AAS method 36 9 accuracy of analytical results 36 15

dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

flame photometric method 36 4 flame photometric method 57 14 ICP - MS 204 16 index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44

flame photometric method 57 14 Rf values in IC 75 72

standard solution 36 6 standard solution 36 11 standard solution 57 12

standard solution in IC 75 70 Sodium acetate AQC solution for COD 215 12 COD determinations 216 13 Sodium benzoate COD recovery data 215 58 Sodium carbonate preparation of approx 0.01N solution 51 20

standard solutions 98 25 Sodium chloride preparation of 0.01N solution 51 20 standard solution (1 ml = 1 mg chloride) 51 8

standard 0.0141M solution 51 24 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate EC50 value 207 17 Sodium dodecylsulphate COD recovery data 215 58 Sodium hydroxide preparation/standardisation of 0.02N 44 34

preparation/standardisation of 0.1M 98 19 preparation/standardisation of 1.00N 37 7

Sodium oxalate AQC solution for COD 215 12 standard solution of 0.005M 107 9

91

Sodium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate preparation of 0.0005M for bismuth 47 31 Sodium sterate biodegradation 199 23 Sodium thiosulphate 1 ml equivalent to approx 0.5 mg Cl2 156 8

preparation of 0.0125M solution 27 11 preparation of 0.0125M solution 100 16 preparation/standardisation of 0.002M 33 6

preparation/standardisation of 0.0125M 16 9 preparation/standardisation of 0.0125M 73 8 preparation/standardisation of 0.0125M 73 14 preparation/standardisation of 0.0125M 228 12

Sodium thiosulphate standardisation of 0.0125M solution 27 13 Soils initial preparation of 6 11 initial preparation prior to analysis 89 21 Solanum dulcamara in sewage sludge 188 20 Specific resistance to dewatering of sludge 83 45 Sphaerotilis diagram of 171 34 taste and odour problems 171 5 Sphingomonas paucimobilis significance of 176 25 Standard addition technique for potentiometric methods 62 50 Staphylococcus isolation of 202 6 isolation of 229 11 Staphylococcus aureus isolation in environmental waters 175 46 catalase test 229 15 Statistics concepts of 25 8 concepts of 143 11 considerations for drinking waters 178 24 considerations for environmental waters 175 6 Stearate see index for IC methods 140 124 Steel’s many-one rank test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia significance of 176 25 Sterane in oils 193 55 Steriods oestrogen determination 220 7 stability data 220 41 Stirred sludge density method for settleability of sludge 83 42 Stirred specific volume index method for settleability of sludge 83 42 Storage conditions of samples 25 45 of samples 143 38 Stray light solutions for testing 30 23 Streams sampling 25 20 sampling 143 76 Streptococcus bovis heat resistance test 229 15 isolation of 202 6 isolation of 229 7 significance of 176 14 Streptococcus equinus heat resistance test 229 15 isolation of 202 6 isolation of 229 7 significance of 176 14

92

Strepomyces taste and odours problems 171 1 taste and odours problems 196 6 Strontium AAS method 111 26

dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS 204 16

index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44

reference to method of determination 1 6 Rf values in IC 75 72

standard solution 111 29 Sturm test description 199 6 Styrene Rf values 170 10 Succinate index for IC methods 140 124 Rf values in IC 75 72 Succinic acid AQC solution for COD 215 12 Rf values in IC 75 73 Sulcofuron ion-pair HPLC method 151 16 Sulfotep Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Sulphate 2-aminoperimidine photometric method 26 30 accuracy of analytical results 136 58 air segmented continuous flow method 24 5

continuous flow 2-aminoperimidine 136 24 continuous flow method 26 36 continuous methylthymol blue method 136 50 FIA 141 40 FIA using a turbidimetric method 136 32 gravimetric analysis / barium chloride 26 5 gravimetric method 136 9 IC method 62 33 IC method 136 40 ICP emission spectrometry 136 21 index for IC methods 140 124 indirect AAS method 26 24 indirect titrimetric analysis using EDTA 26 10 Rf values in IC 75 72 Rf values in IC 75 86

Rf values 167 17 standard solution 26 12

standard solution 26 19 standard solution 26 32 standard solution in IC 75 69 titrimetric method / barium chloride 26 17 titrimetric barium method 136 14 Sulphate-reducing bacteria isolation of 171 11 isolation of 197 17 Sulphide air segmented continuous flow method 24 5 DPD spectrophotometric method 73 12 DPD spectrophotometric method 228 10

93

Sulphide (continued) index for IC methods 140 124 iodometric titration 73 6 iodometric titration 228 32 ion selective electrode 73 18 ion selective electrode 228 38 preparation/standardisation 73 14 preparation/standardisation 228 13 references for methods 29 44 Sulphite determination by iodometric titration 100 19 index for IC methods 140 124 pararosaniline photometric method 100 12 preparation/standardisation of 100 15

Rf values in IC 75 72 Sulphite-reducing bacteria isolation of 171 13 Sulphite-reducing clostridia growth of 213 9 growth of 222 10 growth of 230 10 isolation of - environmental waters 175 32 MF method for drinking waters 181 6 MF method for drinking waters 192 6 MF method for drinking waters 212 6 Sulphonates index for IC methods 140 124 Sulphonic acid partial oxidation in COD determination 215 8 Sulphur ICP - MS 204 34 Sulphur dioxide determination by iodometric titration 100 19 pararosaniline photometric method 100 12 Sulphuric acid preparation/standardisation of 0.1N 44 32 Sumicidin Rf values 53 15 Surber sampler description of 52 6 Surfactants alkoxylated nonionic method by TLC 47 38 anionic-methylene blue method 47 7

automatic methylene blue method 47 12 cationic - disulphine blue method 47 58 ethoxylated nonionic/photometric 47 51 extraction from sewage sludge 47 18 HPLC method for cationic 164 7 method for ethoxylated non-ionic 47 28 nonionic - a review 47 23 oxyalkylene content of nonionic - GC 47 45

Surirella ovalis notes on 153 49 Suspended solids centrifugal method 105 17 membrane filtration method 105 14 paper filtration method 105 8

sewage, sludge and related solids 83 9 Synchytrium endobioticum in sewage sludge 188 21 Synedra ulna notes on 153 49

94

2,4,5-T EC - GC method 90 7 GC - MS confirmation 90 30 GC - MS method for 166 1 pentafluorobenzyl ester/EC - GC 90 23

Tabellaria spp notes on 153 49 Taenia saginata in sewage sludge 188 18 Taenia solium in sewage sludge 188 19 Tantalum references for methods 29 44 Tars see oils Tartrate index for IC methods 140 124 Taste assessment of problems for 171 1 assessment of problems for 196 6 assessment of problems for 196 6 method for 41 11 method for 156 16 qualitative method 233 11 quantitative method 233 19 Tatumella spp classification of 162 30 TBA see 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid TCA see trichloroacetic acid Tebuthiuron Rf values 155 17 Technetium interferences from 198 8 Tecnazene EC - GC method 174 7 Tellurate index for IC methods 140 124 Tellurite index for IC methods 140 124 Tellurium additional analytical information 20 46 commercial hydride generation methods 99 38 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

ICP - MS method 163 60 references for methods 29 44

Temperature measurement and scales 112 9 systems 112 15 Terbium reference to method of determination 1 6 Terbutryne methylation / NSD - GC method 90 43 Terpane in oils 193 55 tert-butylbenzene Rf values 170 10 tert-butylmethylether Rf values 170 12 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-1,4- benzoquinone taste and odour problems 171 27 Testosterone structure 220 39 Tetrabutylammonium index for IC methods 140 124 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane GC - EC head space method 110 19 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Rf values 170 10 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane GC - EC head space method 110 19

GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Rf values 170 10 Tetrachloroethene see tetrachloroethylene

95

Tetrachloroethylene distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28 GC - EC head space method 110 19

GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 headspace method 170 20 Rf values 34 15 Rf values 110 18

Rf values 110 34 Rf values 170 10

Tetrachloromethane see carbon tetrachloride 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol see phenol

HPLC - UV method 124 32 methylation / EC-GC method 90 15

2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 Tetradecane Rf values 110 18 Tetraethylammonium index for IC methods 140 124 Tetrahymena host for Legionella 200 15 Tetramethyl thiuram disulphide GC - FID method 127 27 Tetramethylammonium index for IC methods 140 124 Tetrathionate index for IC methods 140 124 p,p’-TDE EC - GC method 174 7 Thallium additional analytical information 20 46 EAAAS method 123 70

EAAAS - palladium/magnesium nitrate 123 84 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 16

index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of analysis 122 12

reference to method of determination 1 6 standard solution 123 74 Theoretical gas production calculation for 129 12 Theoretical plates equation for 67 15 Thermophilic Campylobacter isolation in environmental waters 175 42 Thickening characteristics of sludges low speed centrifuge method 83 34 Thin layer chromatography see chromatographic methods characterisation of oils etc using 86 5 Thiobacillus taste and odour problems 171 5 taste and odour problems 196 13 Thiocarbamate HPLC - UV determination of 127 7 Thiocyanate continuous flow method 100 39

index for IC methods 140 124 method for soil analysis 235 48 photometric method using Fe(III) 100 32 Rf values 167 17 standard solution 100 35

standard solution 100 42 titrimetric method using AgNO3 100 32

Thiofanox HPLC - MS method 158 16

96

Thionazin Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Thionazin-O-analogue Rf values 60 11

Rf values 95 13 Thiosulphate see sodium thiosulphate

index for IC methods 140 124 iodometric titration 100 25

Rf values 167 17 Thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose media for drinking waters 185 16 agar media for environmental waters 175 54 Thiram GC - FID method 127 27 Thorium dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 ICP - MS method 163 60 references for methods 29 44 Threshold odour number equation for 156 7 Threshold taste number equation for 156 19 Thulium reference to method of determination 1 6 TIE toxicity identification evaluation 219 6 toxicity identification evaluation 221 6 toxicity identification evaluation 225 6 Tin AAS or ICP method for total 142 27 additional analytical information 20 46 commercial hydride generation methods 99 38 dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 HPLC - AAS method for speciation of 142 25 hydride-DCM extract-GC for organo 142 17

ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 25 index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of analysis 122 12 reference to method of determination 1 6 toluene extract-EAAAS for organo 142 7

toluene extract-EAAAS for organo 142 12 Tisbe battagliai see DTA diagram 205 13 diagram 210 13 Titanium dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 25

index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of determination 1 6 Rf values in IC 75 72

97

Toluene Rf values 110 18 Rf values 170 10 COD recovery data 215 58 Toluene-d8 internal standard for VOCs 170 3 Toluenesulphonates index for IC methods 140 124 Total alkalinity see alkalinity Total available chlorine DPD titrimetric method 27 15 DPD titrimetric method 218 17

DPD spectrophotometric method 27 21 DPD spectrophotometric method 218 25

iodometric method 27 10 iodometric method 218 12 Total carbon definition 157 15 Total cyanide see cyanide Total dissolved solids drying method at 180 oC for 105 25 Total hardness accuracy of analytical results 43 18 EDTA titration 43 5

FIA 141 42 Total inorganic carbon definition 157 15 Total inorganic phosphorus see phosphorus 38 25 Total nitrogen continuous method 91 27 digestion method 91 12 Total organic carbon definitions 157 14 definition of terms used in 19 5

detection systems used in 19 14 instrumental method for determining 19 5 review 157 8 standard solution (50 mg/l) 59 14

types of instruments used in 19 21 Total oxidized nitrogen continuous flow method for nitrite 40 15

continuous flow method for nitrite 40 23 Devarda's alloy reduction method 40 9

Total oxygen demand see total organic carbon Total phosphorus see phosphorus 38 26

continuous method 91 27 digestion method 91 12

Total solids content sewage, sludge and related solids 83 6 Total sulphur methods for determining 100 49 Toxicity identification evaluation see TIE Toxicity source evaluation see TSE Toxicity testing aerobic bacteria by growth inhibition 114 26 introduction to 64 7

protocol for flow-through procedures 64 40 protocol for static test procedure 64 36

Toxoplasma gondii significance of 176 23 Toxothrix diagram of 171 34 Tracers detection of 175 66 Trade effluent screening procedure for 5 10 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Rf values 170 10 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene Rf values 170 10

98

Treponema hyodysenteriae in sewage sludge 188 18 Triademefon EC - GC method 174 7 Tri-allate HPLC - UV method 127 7

HPLC - UV method 127 19 TLC method 127 21

Tribromoacetate see index for IC methods 140 124 Tribromomethane see bromoform see trihalomethanes

Rf values 110 18 Tributylammonium see index for IC methods 140 124 Trichloroacetate see index for IC methods 140 124 Trichloroacetic acid GC - MS method for 166 1 2,3,6-Trichloroanisole taste and odour problems 171 27 taste and odour problems 196 12 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 1,2,5-Trichlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene Rf values 96 10 2,3,6-Trichlorobenzoic acid EC - GC method 90 15

GC - MS method 166 20 pentfluorobenzyl ester / EC - GC 90 23

1,1,1-Trichloroethane distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28 GC - EC head space method 110 19 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Rf values 34 15 Rf values 110 18 Rf values 110 34

Rf values 170 10 headspace method 170 20 1,1,2-Trichloroethane GC - EC head space method 110 19

GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24 Rf values 170 10 Trichloroethene Rf values 170 10 Trichloroethylene distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28

GC - EC head space method 110 19 GC - EC pentane extraction method 110 24

Rf values 34 15 Rf values 110 18 Rf values 110 34

Trichlorofluoromethane Rf values 170 10 Trichloromethane see trihalomethanes see chloroform 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene Rf values 170 11 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Rf values 170 11 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene Rf values 170 11 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32

99

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol see phenol 50 15 GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 HPLC - UV method 124 32 methylation / EC - GC method 90 15 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol see phenol 50 15

biodegradation 199 23 GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8

HPLC - UV method 124 32 methylation / EC-GC method 90 15

Rf values 124 53 taste and odour problems 171 27 taste and odour problems 196 12 3,4,5-Trichlorophenol HPLC - UV method 124 32 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy acetic acid see 2,4,5-T 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Rf values 170 10 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane distillation/extraction/ GC method 96 28 Trichuris reference to 175 69 Triclopyr GC - MS method for 166 1 Triethylamine see index for IC methods 140 124 Trifluoroacetate see index for IC methods 140 124 Trifluralin EC - GC method 174 7 Trihalomethanes GC method for determining 34 4 Rf values 34 15 Trimetaphosphate see index for IC methods 140 124 Trimethylamine see index for IC methods 140 124 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Rf values 170 10 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Rf values 170 10 Triphenylene internal standard for PAHs 165 12 Triple sugar iron agar media for drinking waters 184 11 media for drinking waters 185 9 media for drinking waters 206 11 media for environmental waters 175 39 Tripolyphosphate index for IC methods 140 124 Tripropylamine index for IC methods 140 124 Tris-buffered peptone media for drinking waters 185 8 Tritiated water see tritium Tritium determination of 94 65 determination of 173 1 guidance on measurement 198 7 organically bound (definition) 198 7 Tryptone nutrient agar media for drinking waters 223 12 Tryptone water media for drinking waters 179 11 media for drinking waters 223 12 media for environmental waters 175 22 Tryptone yeast extract glucose agar media for environmental waters 175 63 Tryptone yeast extract glucose broth media for environmental waters 175 63

100

Tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar media for drinking waters 180 7 media for drinking waters 213 7 media for drinking waters 222 8 media for drinking waters 230 8 media for environmental waters 175 33 TSE toxicity source evaluation 219 6 toxicity source evaluation 221 6 toxicity source evaluation 225 6 Tungstate see index for IC methods 140 124 Tungsten references for methods 29 44 Turbidity nephelometric method 103 18 Secchi disc method 103 16 standard solution 103 19 suspension for adsorption 51 9 Ultraviolet spectrophotometry review 30 1 Underwater light determination of 88 29 Uranium cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 71 ICP - MS method 163 60 references for methods 29 44

reference to method of analysis 122 12 standard solution 122 74

UV-visible fluorescence measurement 94 64 Urea accuracy of analytical results 87 24

continuous method 87 14 continuous method 87 21 spectrophotometric method 87 5 standard solution 87 8 standard solution 87 18 Urea broth media for environmental waters 175 40 media for drinking waters 184 12 media for drinking waters 186 10 media for drinking waters 206 11 Vahlkampfia host for Legionella 200 15 Valerate index for IC methods 140 124 Vanadium cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 39

dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 EAAAS methoid 123 77 element characteristics in AAS 20 42

ICP - MS method 163 60 ICP - MS method 204 16 index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44

reference to method of analysis 122 12 reference to method of determination 1 6 Rf values in IC 75 72 standard solution 123 80

Vancomycin cefixime cefsulodin broth see VCC broth VCC broth preparation 161 11

101

Verocytotoxin-producing organisms 161 7 organisms 176 18 Vibrio significance of 176 19 Vibrio cholerae isolation of 175 53 method for drinking water 185 14 significance of 176 19 Vibrio fluvialis pathogenicity of 175 53 significance of 176 20 Vibrio furnissii significance of 176 20 Vibrio hollisae significance of 176 20 Vibrio metschnikovii growth of 175 53 Vibrio mimicus pathogenicity of 175 53 significance of 176 20 Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity of 175 53 significance of 176 19 vibriostatic test for 231 14 Vibrio spp isolation of 175 53 method for drinking water 185 14 Vibriostatic test details of 183 11 details of 231 14 Vinyl acetate P and T method 170 18 Vinyl chloride Rf values 170 10 Viruses Hepatitis A 176 20 human enteric 160 9 Norwalk-like 176 20 reference to methodology 175 69 Visible spectrophotometry review 30 1 VOCs see volatile organic compounds Volatile fatty acids see fatty acids

hydroxylamine photometric method 21 12 standard acid solutions 21 8

Volatile organic carbon definition 157 16 Volatile organic compounds P and T / GC - MS method for 170 1 Watanabe’s index meaning of 153 29 Water-borne disease significance of 176 29 Waxes see oils Weibutt function DTA test 219 19 DTA test 221 19 DTA test 225 19 Wijs' solution preparation of 78 16 Wilcoxon rank sum test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21 Wild-life initial preparation prior to analysis 89 21 William’s test DTA test 219 21 DTA test 221 21 DTA test 225 21

102

X-ray diffraction summary of 29 26 X-ray fluorescence details of 81 18 radioactivity measurements 94 55 review of 1 45 summary of 29 22

table of wavelenghths 94 58 Xanthate HPLC - UV method 127 7 Xanthomonas maltophilia identification of 162 33 Xenon references for methods 29 44 Xenorhabdus spp classification of 162 30 Xylene isomers Rf values 170 10 2,3-Xylenol GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 2,4-Xylenol see phenol 50 15

GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 2,5-Xylenol see phenol 50 15

GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 2,6-Xylenol see phenol 50 15

GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 3,4-Xylenol see phenol 50 15

GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 3,5-Xylenol see phenol 50 15

GC - EC pentafluorobenzoyl ester 124 8 Xylenols HPLC - UV method 124 32 Xylose lysine desoxycholate agar media for drinking waters 184 10 media for drinking waters 206 10 media for environmental waters 175 38 Xylycarb HPLC - MS method 158 16 Yeast extract agar media for drinking waters 182 8 media for drinking waters 212 7 media for environmental waters 175 35 Yeast extract broth media for environmental waters 175 49 Yeasts isolation of 171 9 isolation of 197 11 Yersinia method for drinking water 185 7 significance of 176 13 significance of 176 19 isolation of 223 9 Yersinia enterocolitica classification of 162 30 identification of isolate 223 98 significance of 176 19 Yersinia frederiksenii significance of 176 19 Yersinia intermedia significance of 176 19 Yersinia kristensenii significance of 176 19 Yersinia pestis significance of 176 19 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis significance of 176 19 Yersinia spp identification of isolate 223 97 identification of isolate 223 98 Ytterbium references for methods 29 44 reference to method of determination 1 6

103

Yttrium index for IC methods 140 124 reference to method of determination 1 6

references for methods 29 44

Zinc AAS method 31 4 AAS method for sewage sludge 49 4 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion in sewages 93 20 AAS/HCl-HNO3 digestion for soils 93 8

cathodic stripping voltammetry 122 49 Zinc (continued) dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17 EAAAS method 123 83 element characteristics in AAS 20 42 extractable by 0.5M acetic acid 71 13

extractable by 0.05M EDTA from soil 71 5 ICP - MS method 163 60

ICP - MS method 204 16 index for IC methods 140 124 references for methods 29 44

reference to method of analysis 122 12 Rf values in IC 75 72

saline waters by APDC - AAS 122 101 standard solution 31 6

Zineb GC - FID method 127 27 Zirconium dissolution of insoluble residues of 93 17

element characteristics in AAS 20 42 references for methods 29 44 reference to method of determination 1 6

104

Address for correspondence However well procedures may be tested, there is always the possibility of discovering hitherto unknown problems. Analysts with such information are requested to contact the Secretary of the Standing Committee of Analysts at the address given below. In addition, if users wish to receive advance notice of forthcoming publications, please contact the Secretary. Secretary Standing Committee of Analysts Environment Agency (National Laboratory Service) 56 Town Green Street Rothley Leicestershire LE7 7NW www.environment-agency.gov.uk/nls Environment Agency Standing Committee of Analysts

CONTACTS:ENVIRONMENT AGENCY HEAD OFFICE

Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD

www.environment-agency.gov.ukwww.environment-agency.wales.gov.uk

ENVIRONMENT AGENCY REGIONAL OFFICESANGLIANKingfisher HouseGoldhay WayOrton GoldhayPeterborough PE2 5ZR

MIDLANDSSapphire East550 Streetsbrook RoadSolihull B91 1QT

NORTH EASTRivers House21 Park Square SouthLeeds LS1 2QG

NORTH WESTPO Box 12Richard Fairclough HouseKnutsford RoadWarrington WA4 1HG

SOUTHERNGuildbourne HouseChatsworth RoadWorthingWest Sussex BN11 1LD

SOUTH WESTManley HouseKestrel WayExeter EX2 7LQ

THAMESKings Meadow HouseKings Meadow RoadReading RG1 8DQ

WALESCambria House29 Newport RoadCardiff CF24 0TP

NORTH EAST

Leeds

Warrington

Solihull

MIDLANDSANGLIAN

Peterborough

SOUTHERNSOUTH WEST

Exeter

Cardiff

BristolTHAMES London

Worthing

Reading

WALES

NORTH WEST

E N V I R O N M E N T A G E N C YG E N E R A L E N Q U I R Y L I N E

08708 506 506

E N V I R O N M E N T A G E N C YE M E R G E N C Y H O T L I N E

0800 80 70 60

E N V I R O N M E N T A G E N C YF L O O D L I N E

0845 988 1188