INDEX [ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com]ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/0321122461/index/stolarz...INDEX 453 B back channel, 379 backbone defined, 192 ISP, 201 background sprites, 360 backups,

INDEX

451

Numbers

1.25:1, 711.33:1, 9, 701.76:1, 331.78:1, 10, 701.85:1, 10, 711080/24p, 351080/60i, 351080/60p, 351280x720, 421394. See IEEE 139415fps, 7116:9, 701s and 0s, 2052.35:1, 10, 32, 712.40:1, 3222:11:11, 37022:22:22, 37024/7, 149, 200, 327, 34024p, 628.8Kbps, 8429.97fps, 342:2 pulldown, 82K, 17, 3735mm film, 163:2 pulldown, 7, 93D, 86

interactive content, 86walkthroughs, 104, 131

3G, 3103GP, 3333GPP (Third Generation

Partnership Project), 310,333, 389

4096x3072, 38480/60i, 35480/60p, 354:1:1, 944:2:0, 944:2:2, 93, 3704:3, 9, 70-71

advanced scalable texture profile. See MPEG-4

advanced simple profile.See MPEG-4

advanced video coding(AVC). See MPEG-4

advertisements, 147, 169,330

banners, 330bumper, 170commercial, 147consumption, 167demographics, 147embedded, 170flash, 147global, 147guaranteed impressions,

170impressions, 171insertion, 168Internet, 149interstitial, 147, 170,

330inventory, 330measurement, 167national, 147pop-up, 170providers, 330Real Networks, 185regional, 147, 171reporting, 168syndication, 171targeted, 331tools, 171tracking, 167-168URL, 170video clips, 147

algorithmsencryption, 281multicast, 235strong, 283

4:4:4, 93, 3704:4:4:4, 954K, 17, 374onIP, 38150i, 6576/50i, 35576/50p, 3559.94, 3459.94 fps, 3460 fps, 3460i, 6640x480, 3868040, 826:4:4, 95700Kbps, 15870mm film, 16720/24p, 35720/30p, 35720/60i, 35802.11, 20580386, 8280486, 848mm, 40

A

A/D conversion. Seeconversion, analog todigital

A/V synchronization, 348AAC, 314, 374-376access control, 182access log file, 168accounting, positive, 170ActiveX controls, 306ads. See advertisementsadult content, 104advanced coding efficiency

profile. See MPEG-4advanced core profile. See

MPEG-4advanced real time simple

profile. See MPEG-4

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 451

high-efficiency, 376low bit rates, 351low delay, 375Macintosh, 78MAUI, 376metallic, 350muddy, 350natural, 376no video, 343originals, 351pops, 351sampling, 16, 78speech, 373streaming, 62, 134structured, 374synch drift, 348synchronization, 348synthetic, 373troubleshooting, 343-344video synchronization,

115voice, 350

Audio Video Interleaved(AVI), 115, 126-128,132, 349

audiovisual coding, 356auditing, 168authoring systems, 137auto-install, 339, 345auto-update, 341automatic resends, 208AVC, 383, 388

block shape, 383block size, 383blockiness, 383complexity, 384CPU power, 384deblocking filter, 384decoder, 384file formats, 388motion detection, 384techniques, 384

AVI (Audio VideoInterleaved), 115,126-128, 132, 349

Avid, 318

art gallery, 73artifacts

blocking, 96green blocks, 336

.asf, 124, 128, 135aspect ratio, 29, 70, 351

1.33:1, 91.76:1, 331.85:1, 1016:9, 332.35:1, 10, 322.40:1, 324:3, 9comparison, 10DV, 30film, 31HTDVs, 10information, 352letterbox, 31pixels, 29-30, 37preserving resolution, 33

assembly line, 301.asx, 126, 155asymmetric encryption, 285Asynchronous Transfer

Mode (ATM), 205asynchronous viewing, 154Atari Computers, 79audience, 143

large, 147measurement, 167player version, 343statistics, 167tracking, 167, 343

audiobit rate, 350channels, 373coding, 356configuration, 351corruption, 344demultiplexing, 348diagnosis, 343drift, 349frequency, 349high quality, 375

MASTERING INTERNET VIDEO: A GUIDE TO STREAMING AND ON-DEMAND VIDEO452

Amiga Computers, 79-81analog

cameras, 47capture. See videos,

capturedefined, 10media degradation, 12quality compared to

digital, 12storage, 11storage degradation, 12tape, 12tape formats, 47versus digital, 10video tapes, 11

analog to digital conversion.See conversion, analog todigital

anamorphic DVDs, 33anamorphic film, 32anamorphic projection, 33Andreessen, Mark, 306animation, 101Animation Framework

eXtension (AFX). SeeMPEG-4

announcements, staggered,333

anonymous tracking, 174ANSI, 309-310AOL, 330Apple, 185, 314

iPod, 28, 357iTunes, 215, 314MOV, 139QuickTime, 82, 131

application development,330, 353

application layer. See layers,application

applications/mpeg4-iod, 381applications/mpeg4-iod-xmt,

381archival, defined, 329

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 452

INDEX 453

B

back channel, 379backbone

defined, 192ISP, 201

background sprites, 360backups, 326-327backward compatibility,

147, 304MPEG-4, 362

bad economy, 310bad frames, 349bandwidth, 56, 147, 158,

198, 32620Kbps, 33640Kbps, 336awareness, 156-157broadband, 62, 147, 158bulk rate, 332capacity, 341choosing, 62comparison, 56, 158contention, 223control, 229cost, 62, 196, 332donation, 332download scheduling,

332gigabytes transferred,

332guaranteed, 242guarantees, 229increase, 342insufficient, 349interference, 162limiting, 179limits, 341modems, 62, 69, 147,

158, 336, 341off-hours, 332peer-to-peer, 204, 332providers, 242, 332provisioning, 346public access, 332

black and white photo-graphs, 90

blocks, 96green, 336size, 383

blogging, 324blue screen, 41, 104blurry video, 336board of director meetings,

149Border Gateway Multicast

Protocol (BGMP), 238bottlenecks, 198branch offices, 220branding, 330brightness, 90broad reach, 147broadband, 56, 147, 158,

324, 337adoption rate, 310movies, 250

broadcasts, 196audience, 147efficient, 151equipment, 182events, 149Internet, 39live, 326media, 195scalability, 176scope, 147standards, 33, 182television, 235video, 220

broadcasters, 147, 151brokerage companies, 223brownouts, 198browser wars, 306-307brute force, 284buffering, 149, 164, 342, 350

defined, 145-146preferences, 350reduction, 165, 350settings, 350start time, 350

bulk archiving, 340

quality, 332reduction, 64, 69reservation, 242scalability, 75sufficient, 341T-1, 196targeting, 64tax benefits, 332throttling, 162tracking, 168usage, 182variability, 195varying, 159- 161wasted, 160web, 332

banner ads, 168, 330basic animated texture

profile. See MPEG-4batch processing, 321best-effort delivery, 193,

244. See also quality ofservice

BetaSP, 49better logging, 168BGMP (Border Gateway

Multicast Protocol), 238bidirectional frames, 102BIFS, 389big three, 186billing, 175, 310bit rates, 68, 145, 157-

158, 162, 168, 182, 195,322, 331-333, 339

audio, 350balancing, 319choosing, 319downgrade, 162higher, 336multiple, 86, 161reduction, 350setting, 67tracking, 168

bit rates. See bandwidthBitTorrent, 249

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 453

bumper ads, 170businesses, 220busy routers, 194“Buzzword Translators”

broadcast, 152clip, 155Fast Cache, 165Fast Reconnect, 165Fast Recovery, 165Fast Start, 165Fast Streaming, 165Forward Error

Correction, 165Instant On, 165Intelligent Streaming,

163live video, 152mount points, 172multicast, 152narrowcast, 152publishing points, 172Rapid Playback Features,

165reference movies, 163reflected multicast, 152simulated live broadcast,

152simulcast, 152stations, 172stream thinning, 163SureStream, 163TurboPlay, 165video clip, 155

C

C, 378C++, 378C-VHS, 48cable, 151, 205cable modems. See band-

width, broadbandcables, 205, 318caching, 166, 174, 199

edge, 333on-demand, 178transient copies, 204


charge-coupled device (CCD)defined, 42one vs. three, 42resolution, 43

checksums, 120, 209chips, 382chroma keying, 41, 104chrominance, 90-91CIF, 71, 82Cinepak. See codecs, Cinepakcircuits, switching, 190, 244Class A IP addresses, 232Class B IP addresses, 232Class C IP addresses, 232Class D IP addresses, 232Class E IP addresses, 232click-through license, 276client-side software, 332clips, See video, clipsCMYK, 89codecs, 60, 63, 66, 68, 71, 74,

76, 80, 83, 100, 341appropriate, 350asymmetric, 65audio, 80, 84auto-download, 128best, 60bitstream, 313built-in, 59choosing, 110Cinepak, 82complex, 347complexity, 65, 72defined, 58divergence, 132downloading, 66efficiency, 60final, 329Flash, 137hardware, 128history, 76hybrid, 337incompatibility, 65, 127Internet, 110iPIX, 104JPEG, 89

cameraspan, 52zoom, 52

capacity, 175, 341capture

analog, 335, 349audio, 76CPU speed, 335DV, 349high resolution, 39process, 346real time, 335video, 15, 37

car chases, 104cartoons, 104Cb, 26CCD (charge-coupled

device)defined, 42one vs. three, 42resolution, 43

CD audio, 78CD-Interactive (CD-I),

82-83, 130CDNs, 178, 185, 198, 324,

327, 331-332, 342, 346effectiveness, 199failure, 200peer-to-peer, 203pre-caching, 199real-time media, 200

CDs, 131, 271cel animation, 101cell phones. See mobile

phonescellular networks, 379CELP, 375center-based tree. See

multicast, center-basedtree

CEOs, 149, 220CERN (European nuclear

research center), 306channels, 329, 340

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 454

INDEX 455

lock-in, 66low bit rate, 85, 373Macromedia Flash, 85metrics, 60missing, 343-344modem, 85motion JPEG, 104MP3, 84MPEG-1 Layer III, 84parametric, 373photographic, 88preinstalled, 66proprietary, 127, 304Quake, 85quality, 72software, 59sophisticated, 336Sorenson, 83, 132Sorenson Spark, 85, 137speech, 373storage, 134symmetric, 65techniques

color space trans-form, 89

DCT, 85JPEG, 89predictive informa-

tion, 102spacial, 88-89temporal compres-

sion, 88wavelets, 85

text compression, 337third party, 66, 343-344unavailable, 343unrecognized, 343video, 336voice, 68, 104, 350wavelets, 337Web3D, 104ZIP, 100

codeaudiovisual, 356error correcting, 167

high, 151history, 76intraframes, 89key frames, 74lossless, 46, 100multi-bit rates, 66one-time, 66quality, 72real-time, 81run-length encoding, 79settings, 66source material, 346spacial, 88, 100speed, 74symmetric, 65techniques, 335

bidirectional frames,102

DCT, 98entropy techniques,

100Fourier transforms, 96motion compensation,

104object coding, 102,

104quantization, 99vector coding, 104vector compression,

102ZIP, 100

temporal, 88, 100terminology, 110text, 337theory, 57tools, 66tradeoffs, 57, 73, 347variable bit rate, 73video, 23, 56

computational complexity,313

computersCPU speed, 340display progressive

frames, 39graphics, 51

coefficients, 97collocation, 176color

channelsbrightness, 90luminance, 90Y, 91

components, 26gamma, 351palettes, 78quality, 23resolution, 39-41sampling, 16, 78space, 89, 92variation in analog

quality, 23commercials. See advertise-

mentsCompact Disks. See CDscomposite video. See

videos, compositecompositing, 103compression, 55, 60, 63,

66, 68, 71, 74, 76, 80, 83,100, 103

1-pass, 742-pass, 7412:1, 84advanced settings, 72artifacts

blocking, 96mosquito noise. See

mosquito noiseringing. See ringing

asymmetric, 65audio, 76block-based, 337codecs, 57complexity, 65constant bit rate, 73decision-making, 60defined, 57delivery method, 61file size, 61frequencies, 96hardware, 340

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 455

hardware, 280industry, 272speed, 335television outputs, 264

concerts, 69, 172, 190conferencing, video, 71, 81conformance, 358, 377connections

choke, 164circuit-switched, 190clogged, 164diagnosis, 340failure, 208maintained, 167quality, 162sharing, 341statistics, 168

connectorsvideo, 24video. See videos,

connectors, 25Constant Bit Rate (CBR),

defined, 74consumers

expectations, 175experience, 175

container formats, 122,131, 138

contentbilling, 147control, 147, 197, 251licensing, 272limited-time rental, 272management, 171, 339paid, 147pay-per-view, 272programming, 147providers, 204purchase, 272resale, 272restrictions, 174server-based, 145sharing, 251subscription, 272supply chain, 272tracking, 167


cracking hardware, 280creative department, 351credentials, 278credit card processing, 229CSS. See Content

Scrambling Systemcurse of popularity, 196custom applications, 330custom media player, 330custom players, 330custom software develop-

ment, 353

D

D-1, 42D-2, 42D-5, 42D-9, 42D-VHS, 41DAI, 361, 380Darwin Streaming Server,

185.dat, 128, 133data channels, two-way, 209data corruption, 347Data Encryption Standard

(DES), 284data link layer. See layers,

data linkdatabases, 174DCT (Discrete Cosine

Transforms), 85, 98de facto

defined, 305standards, 304

deblocking filters, 337De-CSS (Content

Scrambling System),133, 250

de-interlacing, 39, 320,336-337, 346

decentralized. See peer-to-peer

decompression, 58, 100decryption, 275-276, 294

keys, 260, 341

Content Delivery Networks(CDNs), 178, 198

Content Scrambling System(CSS), 133, 250

continents, 342control tags (Flash), 137controlled network environ-

ments, 151conversion, 335

analog to digital, 13-14digital to analog, 15, 335film to video, 7from film, 320generations, 8quality, 322video, 8

cookies, 331copper wires, 205copy protection, 27, 251

DVD, 272enforcement, 273Macrovision, 264

copyright law, 117, 277core profile. See MPEG-4core scalable profile.

See MPEG-4core studio profile.

See MPEG-4corporate broadcasts, 221corporate networking, 152,

197, 333, 379corporate streaming, 341corporate webcasts, 197cosine waves, 96cost per viewer, 149costs

bandwidth, 175fixed, 197hosting, 175sharing, 332

CPUs, 382general purpose, 382power, 348-349specialized, 382speed, 326, 347-348

Cr, 26

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 456

INDEX 457

DeCSS, 134, 334definition tags (Flash),

137delay

modems, 194reducing, 199sensitivity, 195

demographics, 147, 170,330

demultiplexing, 348DES (Data Encryption

Standard), 284designated shared root

routers, 233different broadband

speeds, 147DigiBeta, 41Digital 8mm cameras, 40Digital Audio Tape

(DAT), 78digital backdrop, 41digital cable, 147digital certificates. See

encryptiondigital filmmaking, 44digital media, 12digital recording, 340digital rights management,

257chain, 260compromises, 251cracks, 250difficulties, 251foolproof, 250keys, 257unbreakable, 251work-arounds, 251

Digital RightsManagement. See DRM

Digital Satellite Systems(DSS), 83

digital signatures, 120,290-291

digital storage, 12

built-in, 294buyers, 270circumvention, infring-

ing, 299compromised, 278conditions, 280consumers, 270copyright law, 277device copying, 292device revocation, 292devices, 273, 277, 292difficulty, 270digital objects, 270digital signatures, 290effective, 295-296encryption, 273, 276enforcement, 270, 273example, 289existing customers, 298fair uses, 277FairPlay, 314file wrapper, 295hardware, 280, 297integrated, 294intelligence, 275interoperability, 386IPMP, 386keys, 276license, 276-277license acquisition, 295lock box, 331MP3, 271number of copies, 292objects, 272price, 292protection, 271requires cooperation,

270rights description, 270rights description

language, 272rights management, 292rights verification, 294rule expression, 272sellers, 270

digital tape formats. Seetape formats

digital to analog conver-sion, 15, 335

digital transmission. Seevideos, digital

digital video cable, 27digital video cameras, 42Digital Video Recorders

(DVR), 147, 170Digital Videotape (DV), 39Digital Visual Interface

(DVI), 27dirty heads, 335Discrete Cosine Transforms

(DCT), 85, 98-99dish networks, 296Distance Vector Multicast

Routing Protocol(DVMRP). See multicast,DVMRP

Distribution, peer-to-peer,332

DivX, 128, 348DMIF, 379-380DNS (Domain Name

System), 210, 215, 340documentaries, 104domain name service, 340Domain Name System

(DNS), 210, 215, 340dot-com crash, 310dots per inch, 16downloads, 144-145

defined, 146music, 314off-hours, 333players, 331preventing, 174scheduling, 332-333

downsampling, 93dpi, defined, 16DRM, 118, 320, 328, 341

backups, 277better mouse traps, 298

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 457

software, 297technical, 273time, 292tools, 282transaction, 289trusted computing, 280trusted parties, 295under the hood, 273updatability, 292updatable, 298value chain, 270versus encryption, 295weakness, 278well tested, 298working, 297wrappers, 118

dropout, 166dropped frames, 69, 168,

349DSL. See bandwidthDSS, 296duplicate packets, 194DV, 126, 318

camerasprice, 42progressive mode, 44

defined, 39DigiBeta is higher

quality, 41import, 349locked audio and video,

349pixel aspect ratio, 30quality, 40tape, 39theatrical projection, 44

DV100, 42DV25. See also DVDV50, 41DVC, defined, 40DVCam, 40DVCPRO, 40DVDs, 8, 10, 71, 83, 133,

250, 318anamorphic, 33encryption, 334


parameters, 67two-pass, 336, 346VBR, 336, 346

encryption, 118, 120, 274,341

64 bits, 283algorithms

examples, 284, 287simple, 281strong, 283

asymmetric, 285, 290basics, 281breaking locks, 275brute force attack, 284certificate authorities, 291changing the locks, 282compromised, 282concepts, 280cost to crack, 276credentials, 278decryption, 275digital signatures, 290effective, 280enforcement, 280foolproof, 285handshake, 285hard problems, 287hardware, 296hashes, 290hashing, 287-288interception, 275keys, 260, 274, 276, 281

authorities, 291management, 289private keys, 285public keys, 285revocation, 289-290

license, 279long keys, 284media file, 274one-time pad, 282overview, 275per viewer, 296plaintext, 281, 283positive identification,

285

exporting to, 53forum, 310, 315import, 334playback on computers,

39players, 303professionally mastered,

334players, 352quality, 158, 222, 319ripper, 334video capture from

DVD, 46widescreen, 33

DVI, defined, 27DVMRP. See multicast,

DVMRP

E

e-commerce, 175, 310e-mail, staggered, 333edge networking, 200edge servers, 200edges, jagged, 337editing, 52

MPEG-2, 335RAW, 335

efficient playback, 115efficient seeking, 116efficient trees, defined, 232egocasts, 221elementary streams. See

MPEG-4embed tags, 325embedding, 330emulation, 338encoders

hardware, 325-327native, 66

encoding, 328, 342automated, 328bit rates, 319frames, 337just in time, 325

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 458

INDEX 459

reverse engineering, 284rights, 278secure messages, 275secure web pages, 291security by obscurity, 257,

279short keys, 276short passwords, 276signing, 286simple, 281single key, 278standards, 276strength, 287symmetric, 276

defined, 283explained, 284

technology, 273time to crack, 276tools, 274, 282trust, 291trusted, 275versus DRM, 295weaknesses, 275

enhancement layers, 374-375enterprises, 174, 220

end-to-end configuration,246

traffic shaping, 243multicast, 151, 197, 332networks, QoS, 243streaming, 176

entertainment industry, 272entropy coding, 100errors

correcting codes, 167detection, 208logging, 168tracking, 168

Europe, 320, 342even field, 5expectations, 175experience, 147, 149,

157-158, 175, 327,330-331, 336, 338,340-342, 351, 353

experience tracking, 167

MPEG-4, 385, 387patents, 135piracy, 136playback, 128playlists, 122progressive, 138raw, 122, 125re-indexing, 119re-sequencing, 119script files, 122segments, 140streamed, 138tracks, 139video CD, 133VOB, 134, 334

filesformats. See file formatsintegrity, 120manual opening, 345sharing, 331storage, 329translation, 111type associations,

344-345wrapper, 295

filmmaking, 44, 52films, 101, 320

16mm, 4424fps, 362K resolution, 1735mm, 16, 4570mm, 168mm, 44anamorphic, 32aspect ratio, 31capture, 45, 47, 346conversion, 7converting to digital, 47digitizing, 45film looks with DV

cameras, 44flicker, 3formats, 44frame rate, 3high resolution, 46importing, 45

exporting to DVDs, 53extrapolation, 170

F

failure points, 201failure rates, tracking, 168fair uses, 277falling back, 214Fast Cache, 165fast forward. See VCRs,

controlsFast Reconnect, 165Fast Recovery, 165fast start, 164-165, 180,

332, 350Fast Streaming, 165fault tolerance, 175-177FEC. See forward error

correctionfiber optics, 205fields, 5, 320

defined, 5even, 5odd, 5See also frame, 5

fields per second, 34fight scenes, 104file creator, 117file formats, 137, 322

2-gigabyte limit, 132associations, 344AVC, 388container files, 122, 138containers, 131copy protection, 136Flash, 138hypothetical, 122IFF, 132index, 119index files, 122integrity, 120ISO, 385legal rights, 135licensing, 135motion JPEG, 128, 133MP4, 138

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 459

letterbox, 31lip synch, 36motion fidelity, 7projection, 8resolution, 17, 32scanning, 37sizes, 334Super 8, 44transfer to video, 6

filtersde-blocking, 337de-interlacing, 336

financial incentives, 196firewalls, 167, 333, 340-341

corporate, 341streaming, 215traversal, 215

Firewire. See IEEE 1394fixed costs, 197fla, 128Flash MX, 83, 85, 104, 137,

186, 314, 330flicker, 3

elimination, 6in video, 3masking, 37reduction, 3

flipbooks, 2, 7flow control, 208.flv, 128flying spot scanning, 14fonts, 337formats, 339

conversion, 321digital, 335film. See filmshigh quality, 335native, 79organization, 339output, 335quality, 322standards, 339translations, 322

forward error correction(FEC), 165-166, 246


graphicspalettes, 78placement, 138vector based, 137

Graphics InterchangeFormat (GIF), 78

green screen, 41Group Membership

Protocols (GMP), 231guaranteed delivery, 208GUIDs (Globally Unique

IDs), 135

H

H.261, 65, 71, 80, 82H.263, 71, 82, 102, 356H.264, 383H.26L, 383hacks, 214, 270

color video, 23digital rights manage-

ment, 257fake video card, 261hardware, 280, 297key extraction, 257saving streams to disk,

254screen capture, 260software, 278, 297streaming, 214

handhelds, 166, 186, 333,338

handshake, 285hard disks, crashing, 175hard math, 286hardware

broadcasting equipment,182

dongles, 296encoders, 327MPEG-4, 382

Harmonic and IndividualLines plus Noise (HILN).See MPEG-4,HILN

Fourier transforms, 96Fourier, Jean Baptiste

Joseph, 96frame rates, 68

defined, 68divisiors, 347film, 3fractional, 69increase, 336low, 70, 347native, 336reducing, 69video, 2-3, 347

frames, 320bad, 349bidirectional, 102bits, 337clouds, 201dropping, 75, 347, 349encoding, 337extraction, 320intra, 102, 336key, 336lost, 348rates. See frame ratesvideo, 2

free media players, 331frequencies, 96frequency transforms, 95ftp, 210fulfillment, 341future proofing, 313

G

G2 Player (RealNetworks),86

gamma, 351General MIDI, 373GIF, 111, 137gigabytes, 332glitches, 166Globally Unique IDs

(GUIDs), 135

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 460

INDEX 461

hashing, 287-288HDTVs (high definition

television), 10, 71, 83,309, 358, 370, 383

head start, 164heads, dirty, 335Hi8, 40high definition television.

See HTDVshigh frequency, 96, 100high-bandwidth applications,

196higher bit rates, 336hint track, 121hops, 194horizontal resolution. See

resolution, horizontalhosting costs, 175hosting providers, 323, 342hosts, 206-207hotels, 147HTML, 138, 306

Active-X controls, 345autoinstallation, 345custom, 339embed tags, 345extensions, 306media players, 352object tags, 345

HTTP, 144, 204, 210-212,341

request, 144streaming, 158, 324tunneling, 146, 216

https, 291, 293hubs, 241human eyes, 90human visual system, 99HVXC, 375

I

I-frames, 336IBM-PC Computers, 79ICY, 214

internal resolution, 43international, 342Internet, 84

advertising, 149alternate routes, 194backbone, 192bandwidth, 56

guarantees, 243variability, 195

basics, 190best-effort delivery, 193bottlenecks, 195broadband, 39, 56, 62broadcasting, 196brownouts, 193, 198busy routers, 194causes of delay, 195channel variation, 195circuit switching, 193clients, 202clogged, 164cloud, 201complexity, 193congested, 206connection, 52, 164delays, 194-195delivery, 58different routes, 193edge, 198experience, 175failure, 201filming video for

Internet, 44firewalls, 194helper applications, 344hops, 194hosts, 206infrastructure, 212intercontinental, 192IP addresses, 231last mile, 201latency, 194link lost, 194locality services, 171,

174

ID Software, 85IE6, 352IEC (International

ElectrotechnicalCommission), 308

IEEE, defined, 28IEEE 1394, 28, 41IETF (Internet Engineering

Task Force), 212, 309, 381IGMP, 231IGMPv3, 231images. See graphicsimporting, 320

digital, 335direct, 335USB 1.1, 335video, 37

impressions, 170-171index files, 122, 329index segment, 116installed user base, 186instant gratification, 147,

156Instant On, 165, 180,

332, 350instant play, 147Intel Pentium, 84Intellectual Property

Management andProtection (IPMP). See MPEG-4,

IPMP, 386intended audience, 143interactive CD-ROM, 82interactive content, 103interactive multimedia, 82interframes, 81, 102interlaced frames per

second, 34interlacing, 5-6, 8

defined, 4reasons for interlaced

television, 5interleaving, 115intermediate frames, 75

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 461

long-haul connections,192, 198

Mbone, 240multicasting, 196multimedia backbone,

240nerve centers, 192networks, 341, 379one-to-one medium, 196overflows, 194packets, 206

loss, 194, 347switching, 190, 193

peering, 192popularity, 84, 196ports. See also portsprotocol version 6, 240providers, 192public exchange points,

192publishing, 147QoS, 243radio, 62, 235, 327real-time, 202rerouting, 194routers, 206routes, 193servers, 202slowest link, 195sluggishness, 157television, 147, 186,

250, 327Tier-1 providers, 192Tier-2 providers, 192traffic, 198transport

conceptual, 190packets, 190

tunneling, 196TV shows, 250unicast, 196video distribution, 250webcasting, 196

Internet Engineering TaskForce (IETF), 212, 309


ISMA (Internet StreamingMedia Alliance), 310

ISO base media format,385-388

ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC29/WG11, 359

ISPs (Internet ServiceProviders), 190, 342

last mile, 201overcommitted, 346provisioning, 346

ITconfiguration, 341managers, 341

Iterated Systems, 85ITU-R, 308ITU-T, 308ITU (International

TelecommunicationUnion), 308

iTunes, 215, 314, 330

J

jagged edges, 337JPEG (Joint Photographic

Experts Group), 81, 88,99-100, 111, 137

judder, defined, 8

K

Kazaa, 249key frames, 74, 115,

335-336, 347frequency, 336natural, 75

key storage, 292keynote speeches, 149keys, 275. See also

encryptionclient side, 290revocation, 289server side, 289updating, 290

kung-fu movies, 53

Internet Explorer, 306,339, 345

Internet GroupManagement Protocol(IGMP), 231

Internet Protocol (IP), 206Internet Protocol version 6

(IPv6), 240Internet service providers

(ISPs), 190Internet Streaming Media

Alliance (ISMA), 310Internet television broad-

casters, 147Internet TV, 186Internet video, 56

creation, 51creation, 51difficulties, 188growth rate, 310high quality, 51, 53high quality cinematic

video, 53terminology, 180

interoperability, 111,180, 203

interpolated frames, 115interpolation, 43interstitials, 170, 330intraframes, 89, 102, 335intranets, 379inventory, 229inverse Telecine, 8-9, 320,

346IP addresses, 168, 206,

231, 340class A-E, 232classes, 231-232

iPIX plugin, 104IPMP, 386IPMP-X, 387iPod, 28IPv6, 240

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 462

INDEX 463

L

large audiences, 151laserdisks, 334last mile, 201latency, 341-342layers, 204-205

application, 210data link, 205network, 206physical, 205transport, 207, 379

lectures, 319legal problems, 204lens. See videos, cameras,

lens qualityletterboxes, 338levels. See MPEG-4, levelslibrary, 328licensing, 274, 279, 312,

339, 343lighting, 52lines of horizontal resolu-

tion, 19, 22broadcast video, 22, 24confusing terminology,

19defined, 19DVDs, 22how to measure, 20VCR, 22

Linux, 133live, 326

defined, 149live broadcasts, 147, 149,

172, 175-176, 326-327live events, 326live media, 151live radio, 327live streaming, 63, 147, 326load balancing, 176, 333locality services, 171, 331locked audio and video.

See DVlocks, breaking, 275

license, 274location, 182organization, 339playback preferences,

344players, 173

advertisements, 353auto-installation,

345, 353big three, 170browser windows,

353buffering, 342codecs, 342configuration, 344controlling, 352custom, 353customization, 330development, 353downloads, 327DRM, 290embedding, 345, 353encryption, 290features, 339flexible, 339free, 331file types, 344graphics, 330newest, 344preferences, 344quality, 346server-based, 174sharing, 251source material, 346third party, 353upgrades, 292unfamiliar, 334value of originals, 12

portals, 170servers, 145, 160, 181,

347front-end, 177advertising, 182alternatives, 181big three, 181, 184bit rates, 182

log files, 168-169logging, 168logs. See log fileslong-haul connections, 192long-haul transmission, 198lost frames, 348low delay, 147low frequency, 96, 99lowering resolution for

video, 39luma, 91luminance, 90

M

.m3u, 128M4IF. See MPEG Industry

ForumMacintoshes, 131, 351

audio, 78Macromedia, 186, 314, 339

Flash, 59-60, 62, 85,103-104, 306, 314

Shockwave, 306Macrovision, 264main profile. See MPEG-4major labels, 314many-to-many, 235marketing, 146Mbone, 196, 240MD5, 288measurement, 167media

capture, 346companies

control, 278influence, 278power, 278

dark, 346degradation, 12delivery, real-time, 202delivery system, 328encryption, 274formats, 322, 332handlers, hijacking, 344

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 463

business, 184caching, 177controlling viewer-

ship, 179corporate, 184crashes, 177cross-platform, 185drawbacks, 180-182edge servers, 200enterprise, 184expense, 181feature race, 181firewalls, 176Flash, 186formats, 181hierarchies, 176-177interoperability, 180limiting bandwidth,

179live broadcasts, 177lowest common

denominator, 181Macromedia, 186maintainance, 181matched, 184millions of viewers,

179missing features, 182MPEG-4, 184multiformat support,

181operating costs, 181playback time, 182playlists, 177position, 350QuickTime, 180Real, 134, 180RealNetworks, 177redundancy, 177reflection, 176required client

software, 182required server

software, 182source, 177


MOD (module) files, 80modems, 69, 147, 158,

194, 336audio, 336-337broadcasting, 69muting, 337slide shows, 336smooth motion, 336thumbnails, 336video, 336

monitorsexpensive, 351high quality, 351

Moore’s Law, 284MOSPF (Multicast

Extensions to OpenShortest Path First), 236

mosquito noise, 100motion, 53, 336

JPEG, 104, 128picture film, 101simulation, 36

mount points, 172MOV, 139, 344, 348.mov, 126, 131, 155movies, 71, 249. See also

videodownloaded, 158, 250feature length, 250piracy stance, 249silent, 2still frames, 320theaters, 274tickets, 274trailers, 324

Moving Picture ExpertsGroup (MPEG), 309

Mozilla, 339MP3, 83, 132, 249, 309,

327, 350, 374predecessor, 80radio, 327ripping, 134streaming, 149

.mp3, 126MP4, 138-139, 344, 387

special features, 181switching, 177terminology, 180updates, 181video, 323whether to use, 182Windows Media, 180youth, 180

supply chain, 270transmission, scalable,

196value chain, 270versions, 341, 344web browsers, 345wrong, 344misconfiguration, 342

megapixels, 17metadata, defined, 117microphones, 52Microsoft, 86-87, 213, 314

digital rights manage-ment, 250

Internet Explorer, 306MPEG-4, 315PowerPoint, 104standards, 315WM9, 315

MIDI. See MusicalInstrument DigitalInterface

MIME types, 346, 381MiniDV, 40mirror sites, 332, 343MLD, 231MLDv2, 231MMS over HTTP, 213MMST, 213MMSU, 213mobile devices, 186, 247,

314mobile network

connections, 166mobile phones, 139, 166,

314, 333, 383mobile wireless devices,

310

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 464

INDEX 465

.mp4, 124, 128, 387MPEG, 65, 81, 104, 133,

311, 314, 335, 348bitstream, 313conformance points, 358future proof, 313levels, 358licensing, 312parts, 357profiles, 357stream, 133

MPEG Industry Forum(M4IF), 309

MPEG LA, 309MPEG-1, 82, 87, 102, 130,

133, 304, 309, 329, 359Layer III. See MP3

MPEG-2, 65, 83, 87, 102,133, 304, 309, 321, 329,334, 340, 359, 379

AAC, 374upgrade path, 383versus AVC, 383VOB, 334

MPEG-21, 273, 357, 359MPEG-3, 83, 309MPEG-4, 87, 102, 184,

186, 273, 321, 329, 333,340, 355, 359, 379

3D toolset, 3883GPP, 389AAC, 357Animation Framework

eXtension (AFX), 389application engine, 385audio, 357AVC, 383-384background sprites, 360backward compatibility,

362BIFS, 385block size, 383BSAC, 375CELP, 373chips, 382

advanced scalabletexture, 369

advanced simple, 371basic animated

texture, 366core, 364core scalable, 367core studio, 371fine granularity scala-

bility, 372hybrid, 367Main, 364N-bit, 365scalable texture, 365simple, 362, 365, 369simple scalable, 363

reference software, 378sample banks, 373SAOL, 373SASBF, 373SBR, 376scene description, 385simple profile, 333simple visual profile,

358sprites, 360streams, 360support, 356synchronization, 361synthetic audio, 359systems, 385textures, 360tools, 356transport, 361, 381TTSI, 373TwinVQ, 374upgrades, 383video games, 388

MPEG-7, 273, 357, 359MPEG. See Moving Picture

Experts GroupMS DRM

version 1, 250version 2, 250

competition, 66compliance, 104, 378conformance points, 358deblocking, 384Delivery Multimedia

Integration Framework(DMIF), 361

DMIF ApplicationInterface (DAI), 361

DRM, 386elementary streams, 359email, 381enhancement layers,

374-375error resilience, 389extensions, 87file formats, 385, 387hardware, 382hardware decoders, 382HILN, 375HVXC, 373informative parts, 378Internet Protocol, 381IPMP, 386IPMP-X, 387iPod, 357ISO, 385, 387levels, 358MOV, 385MP4, 387Multi-user worlds, 389multiplexer, 361natural video, 359normative parts, 378on IP, 381open source, 323OpenType, 385optimized software, 381overlay, 389parts, 357profiles, 357

advanced coding effi-ciency, 368

advanced core, 368advanced real time

simple, 368

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 465

multicast, 151, 196,332-333

(*,G), 234(S,G) pair, 234abbreviations, 230academic, 230acronyms, 247actions, 231addresses, 231algorithms, 235assumptions, 230bandwidth control, 229BGMP, 238broadcasts, 235center-based tree, 238central router, 238channels, 232Class D addresses, 232commercial, 240complicated, 230concepts, 225core-based trees, 238deciphering documenta-

tion, 247dense mode, 235-237density, 235designated shared roots,

233distance vectors, 236DVMRP, 236efficient trees, 232enterprise, 151error-resilience, 246fault-tolerance, 246flooding, 235-236flows, 235G, 234group membership, 231groups, 231-232guaranteed, 246high bandwidth, 242hosts, 232hubs, 241IP addresses, 231islands, 240join messages, 226leave message, 228


source filtering, 231source trees, 232sparse mode, 235-238standards, 230, 240subscribers, 235subscriptions, 226summarized, 247switches, 241-242trees, 226, 232tunnels, 196, 240unidirectional, 235unsubscribe, 235vendor-specific terms,

247wireless, 247

Multicast Extensions toOpen Shortest Path First(MOSPF), 236

Multicast Listener Discovery(MLD), 231

multicast shortest path trees, 232

multicasting, 151, 196,220, 223

multimedia, 82, 138multimedia backbone

(Mbone), 196, 240multiple bit rate (MBR), 86,

134, 162multiplexing, 348, 361museums, 104music

downloads, 314videos, 100, 319

Musical Instrument DigitalInterface (MIDI), 80, 373

N

Napster, 84, 202, 249, 330National Center for

SupercomputingApplications (NCSA), 306

native graphics formats, 79NATs, 341natural key frames, 75natural video, 359

listener discovery, 231many-to-many, 235messages

join, 226leave, 228subscribe, 235unsubscribe, 235

mobile, 247modes

dense, 235sparse, 235

MOSPF, 236nonstandard, 246old protocols, 242one-to-many, 235OSPF, 236PIM-DM, 237protocols

BGMP, 238CBT, 238DVMRP, 236independent, 237MOSPF, 236old, 242PIM-DM, 237-238PIM-SM, 238

pruning, 236quality of service (QoS),

242redundancy, 246reliability, 246reliable, 246rendezvous points (RP),

238replacements, 238research, 230, 240root, 232routers, 241S, 234S,G notation, 234scalability, 333security issues, 235shared trees, 233shortest path source-

trees, 238simplified, 220single source, 235

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 466

INDEX 467

NetMeeting, 213Netscape, 306, 339Netscape Navigator, 306networks, 157, 379

awareness, 157, 163automatic resends, 208bottlenecks, 198cached copies, 204cellular, 379choke, 164circuit-switched, 190conditions, 348configuration, 342connections, 166, 208corporate, 197, 379diagnosis, 341disconnection, 342delays, 379edges, 179, 333efficient, 223error detection, 208error-prone, 202flow control, 208guaranteed delivery, 208hubs, 241infrastructure, 223Internet Protocol version

6 (IPv6), 240last mile, 201latency, 341layers, 204, 206long haul connections,

192mobile, 247multicasting, 196, 220optimization, 176P2P, 202packets, 121, 190, 208,

246, 254duplicate, 194loss, 166-167, 347,

349switching, 190

peer-to-peer, 202-203pipes, 220protocols, 204, 244

open standards, 328operating systems, 338,

344-345output format, 335overcommitment, 346

P

P2P. See networking, peer-to-peer

packetization, 121packets, 121, 167, 190, 246

defined, 206duplicate, 194duplication, 246loss, 162, 166, 179,

200-201, 246, 347defined, 193logging, 168

missing, 209ordering, 209out-of-order, 246resends, 208-209switching, 190, 192-193

PAL, 34-35passwords, 252

hashing, 288insecurity, 280sticky notes, 280

patents, software, 135payments, 147, 274, 341Pb, 26PDAs, 166, 333peer-to-peer, 332-333

bandwidth savings, 204CDNs, 203cost savings, 204defined, 202edge nodes, 202interoperability, 203legal problems, 204multicasting, 202Napster, 202pyramid effect, 202technology, 202vendors, 204

peering, defined, 192

proxy servers, 224quality, 346redundancy, 167relay servers, 224restricted, 213routers, 190, 220speed, 208sub-branches, 220switches, 241T-1, 326traffic, 192, 243transmission, 208transport, 209, 379tunneling, 196wireless, 205, 247

network address translation(NAT), traversal, 215

news, 104broadcasts, 69channels, 223sites, 64

Nielson ratings, 170non-square projection, 29nonprofit, 332normative, defined, 378North America, 320.nsv, 124, 128NTSC, 34Nullsoft, 149, 186, 214Nullsoft Video (NSV), 128,

215

O

object tags, 325octet streams, 346odd field defined, 5off-hours, 332-333.ogg, 128one-time pad, 282one-to-one medium, 196one-way communication, 166one-way transmission, 188ones and zeros, 205open or save, 345open source, 133-136, 185,

323

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 467

Pentium processors, 84physical layer. See layers,

physicalpicture tube, 3PIM-DM. See Protocol

IndependentMulticast–Dense Mode

Pimps, IPMP, 387pipes, 220piracy, 277pixels

aspect ratio, 29, 37doubling, 70preserving, 31rectangular, 29resulting from sampling,

15square, 29, 351

plaintext. See encryption,plaintext

platformsemulation, 338video, 338

playback, 115, 146, 153,159, 164, 338, 341

buffering, 350decryption, 276, 294devices, 335embed tags, 345object tags, 345preferences, 344real time, 144smooth, 347start, 350visual quality, 182

playersDVD, 352surveys, 339user preference, 339video See also video,

player, 59playlists, 122, 138, 150,

155-156, 172, 177, 327client-side, 155-156, 329custom, 156


pre-flight, 326pre-recorded set lists, 147prebuffering, 332precise billing, 170preferences, browser, 352preinstallation, 186private keys, 285-286private peering, 192, 194processors, speed, 347product placements, 170profiles, 357programming, 149, 155,

321progressive downloads,

144, 146, 349progressive filming with

DV camera, 44progressive frames, 39progressive Internet

video, 44progressive video, 9projection

anamorphic, 33non-square, 29

proprietary, 304, 312Protocol Independent

Multicast–Dense Mode(PIM-DM), 238

protocols, 152, 204automatic resends, 208efficiency, 208-209encapsulation, 215-216error detection, 208falling back, 214HTTP, 341Icecast, 214ICY, 214inefficient, 224lean, 209Microsoft, 213MMS, 213MMST, 213multicast, 220PNA, 213PNM, 213quality monitoring, 214

files, 122individualized, 156per viewer, 156server-side, 155, 329-330track transitions, 342

Playstation. See SonyPlaystation

plugins, 320Flash, 104Internet Explorer, 307iPIX, 104Netscape, 307QT3D, 104QTVR, 104QuickTime, 104VRML, 104Web3D, 104

PNA, 213PNG, 111PNM, 213points of failure, 201pop-up ads, 170, 353pop3, 210popularity, 196portals, 170porting, 339ports

21, 208, 21023, 208, 21025, 20780, 207-208, 210, 341110, 210123, 208161, 208554, 208666, 2083389, 2087070, 2088080, 208numbers, 209

postage stamp videos,82, 131

power frequency, 6Pr, 26pre-caching, 199

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 468

INDEX 469

RealNetworks, 213resends, 209RTCP, 213RTP, 213RTSP, 213self-healing, 208Shoutcast, 214standards, 214streaming, 212synchronization, 214tunneling, 216UDP, 211unreliable, 209VCR controls, 213video delivery, 212web extensions, 306

Protocol IndependentMulticast–Dense Mode(PIM-DM), 237

provisioning, 346proxies, 224, 341pseudo-interoperability, 180pseudo-live broadcast, 152pseudo-live events, 149-150,

156public access, 332public exchange points, 192public Internet, 151public key, 120, 285public peering, defined, 192publishing points, 172PVR, 340

Q

QCIF, 71QoS. See quality of serviceQT3D, 104QTSS. See QuickTime,

QuickTime streamingserver

quality networks, 229, 346quality of service, 246

best-effort delivery, 244bit rate sensitive delivery,

244

RealAudio, 134realities, 175reality-based programming,

104RealMedia, 59-60, 62, 64-

65, 83, 86-87, 132, 163mount points, 172SureStream, 162

RealNetworks, 134, 149,167, 176-177, 213

CDNs, 185G2 player, 86Helix, 185System IQ, 185

RealOne, 353RealVideo, 85rebuffering, 145, 163rectangular pixels, 29redundancy, 86, 167, 200,

326-327reference frames, 336reference movies, 132, 163reference software, 378, 381region coding, 174region restrictions, 174regional branches, 220regionalization, 174regions, 174relays. See proxiesreliable multicast, 246religion, media format, 59rendezvous points (RP), 238reporting, 160, 168Requests for Comments

(RFCs), 309resolution

adjusting screen, 71analog film, 17analog television, 21BetacamSP, 48CIF, 71color, 23, 39, 41comparison, 17defined, 16digital, 16digital cameras, 17, 43

defined, 242delay-sensitive delivery,

244Resource Reservation

Protocol (RSVP), 244quantization, 99QuickTime, 59-60, 62, 64-

65, 82, 87, 131, 161, 163,172, 306

3D (QT3D), 104cross platform, 132hint tracks, 121, 131hinting, 121mount points, 172MOV files, 131player, 164, 353QuickTime 6, 139reference movies, 132,

155, 161streaming server, 185versions, 132, 164

R

.ra, 124, 134radio, 188

broadcast, 149one-way transmission,

188transport, 188station, 327

.ram, 126, 132, 134, 155random access, 182ratings, 147, 170RCA connectors, 25Real Networks, 149real time, 133, 149, 158,

160, 195, 200, 326-327,335

defined, 157delivery, 160error prone, 202

Real Time StreamingProtocol (RTSP), 154, 213

Real Time TransportProtocol (RTP), 212-213

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 469

film, 17HD, 370horizontal, 19impact of multiple

generations, 23increase, 337low, 78native, 70producing best output,

23QCIF, 71reduction, 347scanning, 17screen, 17television, 21

in megapixels, 21video capture, 15

terminology, 17vertical, 18VHS, 48video source, 22

Resource ReservationProtocol (RSVP), 244

revenue, 169reverse engineering, 284RGB, 89rich media, 314rights controls, 260ringing, 100ripping, 134-135.rm, 124ROT13, 281routers, 190, 196, 220

defined, 190multicast, 225packets, 190proxies/relays, 225QoS, 243vendors, 246

RSVP. See ResourceReservation Protocol

RTCP. See Real-TimeControl Protocol

.rtp, 126, 128, 213, 309run length encoding, 79


securitycode-level, 264by obscurity, 257, 279

seek times, 115seeking, 116self-healing, 208servers. See also media

serversbandwidth, 342capacity, 341crashes, 177fault tolerance, 175front-end, 177hierarchies, 176misconfiguration, 342proxies, 224relays, 224streaming, 143web, 333

service bureau, 46, 334-335serving video, 323session keys, 331set lists, 147set top boxes, 296settings, web browser, 352SHA-1, 288shooting

DV for film, 44tradeoffs, 53video, 52

short passwords, 276shortest path trees, 232simple face and body

animation profile, 369simple face animation

profile, 365simple visual profile, 358,

378simulcasting, 150, 156sine waves, 96Single-Source Multicast

(SSM), 235sitcoms, 53skateboard video, 73skinning, 330skips, 158slide shows, 2, 69, 336

S

S,G, 234S-video, 318Safari, 339sampling

audio, 16, 78banks, 373color, 16, 78media, 377

satellites, 205, 208saving streams, 254scalability, 147, 333, 341

capacity, 175defined, 175increasing, 199limits, 175live video, 175load balancing, 176media transmission, 196multicast, 333on-demand video, 175options, 176reality, 175RealNetworks, 176Web, 333web servers, 333

scan line, 3-4, 18scanning, flying spot, 14scenes, 52

changes, 53high-motion, 336transitions, 53

screenscomputer, 70capture, 260dimensions, 352resolution, 17

script, 52scrubbing, defined, 115search engines, 343SECAM, defined, 35secret messages, 275secure data delivery, 282secure HTTP, 291secure web pages, 291

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 470

INDEX 471

silent movies, 2.smi, 155.smil, 126, 128, 138SMIL (Synchronized

Multimedia IntegrationLanguage), 138, 155,163, 170

text tracks, 337.sml, 126, 128, 138smoothness, 146SMPTE (Society of Motion

Picture and TelevisionEngineers), 310, 315

SMTP, 210SNHC, 389Society of Motion Picture

and Television Engineers(SMPTE), 310, 315

softwareclient-side, 332development, 353drivers, 335optimized, 381patents, 135peer-to-peer, 332ports, 339reference, 378unoptimized, 378

soldering iron, 280Sony Clié, 333Sony Playstation, 82Sorenson, 83, 85, 132,

137, 185sound

cards, 343muffled, 78

source directory, 153source servers, 177source trees. See multicast

source treesSource,Group. See multi-

cast S,G notationspacial compression, 89sparse mode multicast, 237spectral band replication

(SBR), 376

royal decree, 304rubber stamp, 307video, 338-339versus proprietary

technology, 304Web, 168Windows Media, 315WM9, 315

start time, buffering, 350startup, delays, 350static files, 199stations, 172statistics, 160, 167-168,

170sticky notes, 280still frame, 320stock ticker, 223stops, unexpected, 342storage, 111, 122, 329

access times, 115analog, 11compact, 12high resolution, 329logical, 114physical, 114-115

streaming, 143, 145, 254,323

audio, 62, 134bulletproof, 176costs, 331defined, 145fast start, 164through firewalls, 215infrastructure, 176live, 63, 147, 176media

protocols, 212scalability, 147servers, 145, 147,

160-161service providers,

342modems, 69multicast, 333packets, 121performance, 75

sports, 104, 319sprites, 360square pixels, 29SSM (Single-Source

Multicast), 235staircases, 337Standard Definition (SD),

35standards, 212

3GPP, 333archiving, 340bearers, 304benefits, 302-303bodies, 112, 308committees, 306conformance testing,

377de facto, 304, 307decoder, 313defined, 303deliberation, 304encryption, 276formal, 304formats, 339freestyling, 306HTML, 307informal, 304Internet Protocol

version 6, 240Internet video, 308IPv6, 240metric system, 304MPEG, 311MPEG-21, 273MPEG-4, 65multicast, 230, 240organizations, 308plug-in architectures,

307process, 305protocols, 214realities, 302reference software, 378rich media, 314rights description

languages, 273

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 471

protocols, 212proxies, 341real time, 64redundancy, 200scalability, 333servers, 62, 143, 145,

152, 166-167, 172, 340acknowledgements,

160address, 172buffering, 164encryption, 276fast start, 164ideal, 147, 159network awareness,

163non-ideal, 171Nullsoft, 186Real, 134throttling, 161user experience, 167

serviceproviders, 326radio, 327

smooth, 162text, 389VCR, 254video, 134, 145

streamscapture, 254formats, 122MPEG-4, 360scaling, 86smooth, 162thinning, 162

strobe light, 3Structured Audio

Orchestral Language(SAOL), 373-374

Structured Audio Sample-Bank Format (SASBF),373

subscribe message, 235subscription models, 353


TCP/IP (TransmissionControl Protocol/InternetProtocol), 207-208, 210,246, 309

technology, proprietary,304, 312

Telecine, 7-8, 320telephones, 205

circuits, 190lines, 205switches, 190transport, 190two-way, 190

televisions, 7, 147, 149,153, 156, 169-170, 175,179, 320, 336, 340

analog to digital conversion, 15

capture, 340compared to computer

monitors, 7component color. See

color, componentsdisplay, 7displaying progressive

images, 7European standard, 8experience, 147HDTV, 71, 83High Definition

(HDTV), 35how it works, 3interlaced. See interlac-

ingInternet, 64, 186, 250,

327lines, 3non-square pixels, 351one-way transmission,

188pixels, 29, 351recording, 340refresh, 4resolution, 21

subtitles, 103, 338crop, 338letterbox, 338removal, 338removing, 338

SureStream. See RealMediaSureStream

surveys, 339-340, 343SVCD. See VCDSWF, 124, 128, 137switches, defined, 241symmetric encryption, 276,

283-284synchronization, 149, 115

drift, 348-349errors, 349MPEG-4, 361video, 3

Synchronize MultimediaIntegration Language(SMIL), 138

System IQ, 185

T

T-1, 326T-1 connections, 196talking head, 104tapes

8mm, 48analog, 12, 334Beta, 49Betacam SP, 48BetaSP, 48C-VHS, 48digital, 39, 334Hi8, 48VHS, 47Video8, 48

target bandwidth, 62target platform, 339targeted advertisement, 331tax benefits, 332TCP (Transmission Control

Protocol), 207-208, 246,309

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 472

INDEX 473

scan, defined, 3screens, 70source resolution, 22Standard Definition

(SD), 35transport, 188

text, 337fonts, 337illegible, 337overlay, 389sans-serif, 337time-triggered, 389tracks, 337

Text to Speech Interface(TTSI). See MPEG-4,TTSI

textures, 102, 360Thawte, 291Third Generation

Partnership Project(3GPP), 310, 333

third-party hardware, 184third-party reporting, 168third-party verification, 168throttling, 161-162, 179throughput, defined, 160time

awareness, 160shifting, 333zones, 332

TiVo, 147, 340toolbox, 356tools, 356

capture, 323conversion, 323editing, 323open source, 323proprietary, 304, 338video coding, 356

toolsets, 3D, 388tracking, 167, 174, 197tracks, 139, 342traditional television, 151traffic shaping, 243

two-way communication,166, 209

two-way data channels, 209

U

UDP (User DatagramProtocol), 207, 211, 246,309, 341

checksums, 209disabled, 215

uncompressed video, 56unicasting, 151, 196United States, 342Universal Resource Locator

(URL). See URLsuplink speeds, 326upsampling, 43URLs (Uniform Resource

Locators), 144, 172-173,323, 343

handling, 173suffix, 172

USB 1.1, 335User Datagram Protocol,

209-211users

broadband, 337channels, 329databases, 174experience, 143, 167,

274, 327, 330-331,336-342, 351, 353

preferences. See prefer-ences

tracking, 174trusted, 295untrusted, 295

V

Variable Bit Rate (VBR),336

defined, 74VCDs, 304

Transform DomainWeighted INterleaveVector Quantization(TwinVQ). See MPEG-4,TwinVQ

transforms, 89, 96transient copies, 204transmission

redundancy, 167standstill, 209

Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP), 207-208,210, 246, 309

transportaudio, 344layer. See layerslong-haul, 198packets, 121, 166, 190preferences, 341systems, 379UDP, 341variety, 379

treesmulticast, 232shortest path, See multi-

cast, shortest path treessource. See multicast,

source treestripod, 52true color, 78trust certificates, 291trusted computing, 280,

296TTSI, 375tunneling. See protocol

encapsulationTurboCache, 350TurboPlay, 165, 180TV experience, 157TV out connector, 264TV-like content, 149TwinVQ, 375two-pass encoding, 336

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 473

VCRs, 272, 346controls, 145, 147,

153-154, 156, 213fast forward, 165rewind, 165scrubbing, 165seeking, 165

duplication, 272IEEE 1394 connector,

41Vdonet, 85vector compression, 104vector graphics, 85vendors, 273, 338Verisign, 291versions, 341vertical resolution. See

resolution, verticalVHS, 133, 319

defined, 12lousy color, 46resolution, 48tape, 47

Via Licensing Corporation,309

video. See also movies3D, 863:2 pulldown, 4624fps, 36acquisition, 37adjustments, 351adult content, 104advertisements. See

advertisementsaliasing, 337analog to digital conver-

sion, 26, 37animation, 101, 104, 137archival, 329archiving, 340artifacts, 337aspect ratio, 70, 351asset management, 339audio synchronization,

34, 115


cleanup, 346click-throughs, 274clips, 153clunky, 195codecs, 58, 76, 336, 341coding, 309, 356color, 346, 351component color, 49compositing, 25,

103-104, 335compression, 23, 56,

103, 335, 346as an art, 39tradeoffs, 57, 347

computer-generated, 51computing power, 72conferencing, 71, 81,

104, 235connection loss, 188connectors, 24

BNC, 26component, 26RCA, 25S-video, 26

content providers, 204control, 147, 182conversion, 1, 8, 320,

335to DVD, 45from film, 7to VHS, 45

copy-limited, 274corporate training,

250, 341corruption, 347crop, 338cross-platform, 132, 325dark, 346, 351de-blocking, 337de-interlacing, 39, 337decompression, 56, 58degradation, 370delays, 162, 188delivery, 57-58,

143-144, 160

basics, 2billing, 147, 175, 310bit rates, 134, 145, 319,

339blockiness, 383blogs, 324blurry, 336, 346brightness, 24, 346, 351broadband, 52, 337broadcast, 5, 33, 42,

220, 235buffering, 164-165business training, 250caching, 166cameras, 274, 324

digital, 42interpolation, 43lens quality, 43upsampling, 43

capture, 1, 15, 37, 49,318, 323-324, 346

analog, 37, 49, 349area, 338component video, 26computer graphics,

37digital, 346digital tape, 37DV as an intermedi-

ate for VHS, 50from DVD, 46from film, 37Osprey cards are

popular, 50recommended

formats, 50resolution, 15service bureaus, 51

car chases, 104cartoons, 104channels, 157, 340children’s shows, 250choppy, 161, 349chroma keying, 104

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 474

INDEX 475

e-mail, 61media servers, 62real-time, 200satellites, 200streaming servers, 62web servers, 62

demultiplexing, 348detail, 72DigiBeta, 41digital 8mm, 48digital connectors, 27digital interconnects, 37disconnection, 342distribution

models, 298safe, 298

docked, 352documentaries, 104downloads, 52, 144,

166, 337, 343dropouts, 166, 188, 193DV, 324DVDs, 8, 10, 158e-commerce, 310edges, 337editing, 17, 53, 119,

318, 323, 335, 349encoding, 66, 176, 325,

337, 342enterprise, 176, 184Europe, 8, 35exclusives, 298expense, 196export, 37, 338fast motion, 347fast start, 164fields, 37fight scenes, 104file formats, 111file-sharing, 249filler, 298film versus television, 6flicker, 3, 5flipbooks, 2flooding, 235

live, 50, 63, 149,151, 326

lockboxes, 298low delay, 147low resolution, 22, 70low-motion, 57low-quality, 298lowering resolution, 39many-to-many, 235media location, 182mobile devices, 72mobile phones, 139, 333modems, 52, 336, 341motion, 7, 36, 53movie trailers, 324multicast, 151multiplatform, 325multiple formats, 325museum tours, 104music, 100, 104, 319muted, 337navigation, 138networks, 143news, 104no audio, 343non-DV formats, 42non-square pixels, 37North America, 34NTSC, 34Nullsoft, 186on-demand, 65, 147,

151, 153, 174one-time viewing, 280online, 143open source, 323organization, 339originals, 334, 348output, 264packet loss, 162, 342,

347PAL, 34-35pauses, 145, 193, 195payments, 147, 274, 341PDAs, 333piracy, 249

format translation, 111formats, 322, 339frame rate, 2-3, 8, 36,

69, 347frames, 2, 37fulfillment, 341full motion, 101full screen, 70glitches, 166, 347handhelds, 333, 338header, 117hiccups, 161, 188High Definition (HD),

35high-motion, 57, 336hosting, 342image quality, 22importing, 37, 46, 318,

334imprecise terminology,

34incompatibility, 65, 132indexing, 116infrastructure, 176instant play, 147interlaced, 6, 37, 39, 46intermediate frames, 75Internet, 56Internet Explorer 6, 352ISPs, 342jagged edges, 337jerky, 70jittery, 349jokes, 250judder, 8key frames, 74layers, 101, 138lectures, 319licensing, 274, 312limited copying, 274lines of horizontal

resolution, 22links, 340lip synch, 36

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 475

playback, 115, 146,157, 195, 335

players, 59playlists, 155postage stamp, 82, 131preflight, 326preparation, 1, 56prerecorded, 149, 156production, 339professional tape

formats, 42progressive, 5-6, 9, 37,

39, 46, 336, 370proper conversion and

capture, 46proprietary, 304protection, passwords,

252pseudo-live, 149-150,

156quality, 322

DVD, 134source, 22VHS, 133

random access, 182ratings, 147RAW, 338real time, 64, 133,

144, 157, 195reality-based, 104RealNetworks, 134rebuffering, 145, 163receiver, 235recording high definition

(HD), 41redundancy, 86reflection, 176refresh rate, 26requests, 157resizing, 352resolution, 18, 26, 70,

337improvement, 23of source, 22


subset, 298synchronization, 3, 348teasers, 298television, 149terms, 274text, 337tools, 338tracking, 147, 167tracks, 343trade offs, 336traffic, 157trailers, 324transcontinental, 341transfers, 6, 37translation, 321transport, 157, 188,

341, 379uncompressed, 56,

318, 338uncopyable, 274unicast, 151unicasting, 151unlimited viewings,

274, 280URLs, 340, 342USB 1.1, 335user experience, 167VCR controls, 145,

149, 165vector graphics, 137viewer tracking, 147visual quality, 182walkthroughs, 104wavelets, 337web browser, 352web integration, 339web pages, 143, 323weblogs, 324wires, 24workflow, 339

Video CDs (VCD), 133,304, 352

video editing, 136, 182frame by frame, 338synchronization, 348

restricted access, 174restricted copying, 280revenue, 169routing, 342scalability, 175scan lines, 18screen dimensions, 352scrubbing, 115seamless, 188SECAM, 35security, 250seeking, 116, 165sequential, 155server-based, 174service bureau, 42serving, 143, 323shape, 351-352sharing, 251-252shooting, 52simulcasting, defined,

150single-timed viewing,

274single viewing, 274size, 70, 72skipping, 193, 195slow, 195smooth, 158source dropout, 175source resolution, 22sports, 104, 319staircases, 337Standard Definition

(SD), 35standards, 65, 308, 338statistics, 147, 167stops, 342storage, 111-112, 114streaming, 134, 145,

166, 323infrastructure, 176protocols

studio grade, 370, 383stutters, 195, 349

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 476

INDEX 477

video games, 103, 388video object (VOB) files,

134video phones, 71video servers. See stream-

ing servers, 161video streaming, 214Video Toasters, 81videography, 51videotapes, 320viewers, 147, 167, 339, 342

average, 351bandwidth, 342capacity, 341codecs, 342connections, 168, 340interruption, 164maximum, 339player version, 343playlists, 329statistics, 147, 167tracking, 147, 167

viewership, 168growth, 168restricting access, 174successful, 168

viewingasynchronous, 154real time, 157

virtual private networking,196

Virtual Reality MarkupLanguage (VRML), 360

virtual URLs, 172VOB, 334VOD. See video,

on-demandvolume controls, 343VRML, 388VRML ‘97, 388Vxtreme, 85

wireless, 205, 2473G, 310mobile devices, 310

.wm, 128

.wma, 128

.wmv, 124, 128workflow, 339World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C),168, 306, 309

X–Y–Z

XML, 381XSVCD. See VCDs

Y, 26Y Cr Cb. See color,

componentsY Pb Pr. See color,

componentsYUV, 92, 370

ZIP files, 100zoom, 53

W

W3C. See World Wide WebConsortium

wavelets, 85, 337, 365Web

integration, 339test links, 340URLs, 342

web browsers, 173associations, 345docking, 352helper applications, 345MIME types, 346options menu, 352

web pages, 157, 195web servers, 62, 144, 160,

168, 176, 199, 328,332-333

embed tags, 346MIME types, 346misconfiguration, 345object tags, 346

Web3D, 104webcasting, 149, 196-197weblogs, 324website design, 137widescreen DVDs, 71WiFi, 205Windows 3.1, 131Windows Media, 59-65,

167, 172, 335Intelligent Streaming,

161Player, 164, 353programs, 155publishing points, 172stations, 172WM9, 315version 9, 164

Windows Media Server,185

13 index 07.15.04 11:56 AM Page 477

Documents

INDEX [ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com]ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/0321122461/index/stolarz...INDEX 453 B back channel, 379 backbone defined, 192 ISP, 201 background sprites, 360 backups,