1. < > (2007) ,

2. 1739~1812 , = 2 , , 1794 ( 18) 500 (90,000

3. (1720~1799) , 1786~1856

4. ( 1776~1800)

5. (1737~1805)

6. < > (1) , < > , 10 7 , 1 - 10 , - 100 - ,

7. < > (2) , , 100 2000 + 2000 , , 50 , 10 . . 10 , ,

8. little ice age 1490 ~ 1760 , ,

9. , 16/20 Dec. 1680

10.

11.

12. , 1591.10.5. Nuernburg1543. 5.4. Meyl von Phortzhaim

13. Sept. 5, 1629 The Ens

14. 16 , , , : : , , ,

15. , 1776 ~ 1800 (1739~1812)

16. ( ) : ( ) 2 ~ 3 , 10 , < > (1798) = , = = 1600

17. 1795 ( ) ( )

18. , < > 1783 ( 7 ), 1792 (16 ), 1794 , 1795 (18 ) ( , ) 2 ~ 5 , 1794 --- , 500 1794. 4. ( )

19. : . ; , ( ) . 1796 , ( ) 1797 ( 21), < >

20. , ,