INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

REPORT presented at the EC conference

“EUROPE NEEDS MORE SCIENTISTS”

Brussels, 2 April 2004

Members of the HLG

José Mariano Gago (Chairman)

John Ziman, Paul Caro, Costas Constantinou Graham Davies, Ilka Parchmannn, Miia Rannikmäe, Svein Sjøberg

Students:Tiago Ratinho

Carlos Neves

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

PERFORMANCE OF THEKNOWLEDGE-BASED

ECONOMY

QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES

GENERATION AND DIFFUSION

OF KNOWLEDGE

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

WHAT IS AT ISSUE?

THE POLICY SETTING

OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT REPORT

SCOPE

ORGANISATIONAL SETTINGS

DEFINING SET WORKFORCE

THE LINKED HIERARCHIES OF “SET” QUALIFICATIONS AND JOBS

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN S&T LABOUR MARKET

DEMAND

SUPPLY

BOLOGNA DECLARATION

CAREER PERSPECTIVES

THE CRISIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR S&T

THE CRISIS IN HUMAN RESOURCES

ALARMING SIGNALS

HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH TRAINING

HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND SYSTEMS: PRODUCTION OF QUALIFIED “SET” WORKERS

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY: ROBUST INNOVATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURES, LIFELONG EDUCATION AND CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE

UNIVERSITY CURRICULA: TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO UNIVERSITY, “SET” CURRICULA FLEXIBILITY, PRACTICAL WORK AND INCLUSION OF “RESEARCH PROJECTS”

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH TRAINING

GRADUANDS AS CAREER CANDIDATES: CAREERS ADVICE, STANDARDISATION OF QUALIFICATIONS, PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

RESEARCH TRAINING: COLLEGIALITY, STUDENT RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERVISOR, COMPETITION AND AGGRESSIVENESS, RESEARCH VERSUS TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE.

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

SCHOOLING FOR SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ASSURING A GOOD FOUNDATION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY FOR ALL STUDENTS

SCIENCE-RELATED CAREERS

QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN SCIENCE-RELATED SUBJECTS

DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERSTANDING AND COMPETENCE

DEVELOPMENT OF INTEREST, CURIOSITY AND ATTITUDES

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

THE PERCEPTION OF SCIENCE, SCIENCE EDUCATION AT SCHOOL AND SCIENCE-BASED CAREERS

HOW DO STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENTS DIFFER BETWEEN THOSE WHO WERE TAUGH INTEGRATED SCIENCES AND THOSE WHO STUDIED DIFFERENT SUBJECTS?

HOW ARE TEACHERS TRAINED IN THESE SUBJECTS, WHICH ARE EITHER SPECIFIC OR INTEGRATED?

DO MORE STUDENTS CHOOSE CAREERS IN “SET” IN THOSE COUNTRIES THAT HAVE COMPULSORY COURSES IN SCIENCE-RELATED SUBJECTS IN PRIMARY AND/OR SECONDARY EDUCATION?

WHAT KIND OF SUPPORT DO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OFFER STUDENTS WITH POOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUNDS OR LANGUAGE PROBLEMS?

HOW DO DIFFERENT ROLE MODELS BETWEEN TEACHERS, PARENTS, SCHOOL AND SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION?

HOW CAN THE INFLUENCE OF OTHERS SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND TRAINING – FORMAL OR INFORMAL – BE ESTIMATED?

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

CULTURAL CONTEXT OF RECRUITMENT FOR RESEARCH CAREERS

SCIENCE AND THE MEDIA: SENSATIONALISM, ICONIC IMAGES, “WHAT THE FUTURE WILL BE?”, STAGING DEBATES

NATIONAL EFFORTS – “LA MAIN À LA PATE” AND “CIÊNCIA VIVA”

PROGRAMS

INSTABILITY: FLUCTUATING FACTORS

THE STATE OF OPINION ABOUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EUROPE (Eurobarometer – Dec2001)

INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

PORTUGUESE CHALLENGES IN HUMAN RESOURCES

DEVELOPING RESEARCH

AND EDUCATION

IN “SET”

INVESTMENTS AT THE BASICAND SECONDARY LEVELS

NEW WAYS OF ORGANIZING EDUCATION

ENSURING THE INSTITUTIONALINTEGRITY OF THE UNIVERSITY

CREATING A BROAD ANDPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE BASE

PROMOTING A HIGHLY AND BROADLYSOCIAL CONSCIENCE IN “SET”