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Including and Serving Immigrant Families in Early Childcare. Alicia F. Lieberman Child Trauma Research Project University of California San Francisco San Francisco General Hospital. What Is Unique About Immigrants?. Linguistic discontinuity Unfamiliarity with institutions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Alicia F. LiebermanChild Trauma Research Project
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco General Hospital
Including and Serving Immigrant Families in
Early Childcare
What Is Unique About Immigrants?
• Linguistic discontinuity
• Unfamiliarity with institutions
• Lack of comfort with new social mores
• Different hierarchy of values
Childhood Adversity and Minority Status
• Minority children are more likely to be poor• Risk factors cluster around poverty• The impact of risk factors is cumulative• Minority children are more vulnerable to
traumatic event due to cumulative effect of risk factors and less access to services
(Oser & Cohen, 2003; Flor U.S. Surgeon General’s Report, 2001)
As a Result…
“American Indians, Alaska Natives, African
Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans bear a
disproportionately high burden of
disability from mental disorders.”
(The President’s New Freedom Commission Report, 2003)
When Systems Compound Risk: Child Welfare and
Foster Care• No race differences in abuse and neglect
reports
• Children of color are:- more often placed out of home - subjected to more placement changes- kept longer in foster care- less likely to be reunified with parents
(Casey Family Programs Child Welfare Fact Sheet, 2005)
When Systems Compound Risk:
Juvenile Justice Placement• Youth of color more likely to be arrested for same offenses as white
• Projected 10-year increase in juvenile justice placement- White 3%- American Indian 17%- African American 19%- Latinos 59%- Asian/Pacific Islander 74%
(Leiber, 2002; Snyder & Sickmund, 1995, 1999)
Our Children are Waiting…
What Can We Do?Take Action
• Early education: “Pre-K, starting at birth for
those who need it”*
• Inter-system coordination in early identification and mental health referral
(*Sam Meisels, 2006)
What Can We Do?Apply What We Know
• Early intervention is most cost-effective, regardless of immigration status
- school readiness: decreases in drop-out rates
- decreases in child abuse reports- decreases in unplanned pregnancies- increases in wage earnings- decreases in crime
(From Neurons to Neighborhoods, 2000; Karoly et al., 1998, 2005; Lynch, 2005; Olds, 2002)
What Can We Do?Adopt Helpful Public
Policies• Adopt policies that address the
educational and health disparities of minority children and their families, regardless of immigration status
• Fund to scale agencies and programs that address health, mental health childcare, education, family support, and child welfare regardless of immigration status
What Can We Do? Pursue Cultural
Competence• Community buy-in is crucial for success• Incorporate linguistic continuity• Understand the meaning of culturally
different childrearing practices• Hire staff that reflect the population
served• Fund training and leadership development• Include families/consumers from all
cultures in planning and implementation
What Can We Do?Begin at the Beginning
Babies can’t wait, regardless of immigration status!
Children aged birth-five are particularly vulnerable - 85% of child abuse victims- Majority of child abuse fatalities- Most frequent witnesses of domestic violence
What babies learn now can last a lifetime: Respect their culture to nourish their emotional health!