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IN5220
Introduction
Dag T. Wisland and Jørgen A. MichaelsenSpring 2021
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Outline
• Practical information• Curriculum overview
Source: "Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd."
Teaching and examination
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Lectures (2 hours)Problem solving classes (2 hours)Project lab (2 hours)
Final grade:Exam (60 %)Project (40 %)
Lectures
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Jørgen A. Michaelsen and Dag T. WislandRoom: 5406 (OJD, A, 5th floor)Mobile: 91367679 (Dag)Mobile: 93285523 (Jørgen)Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
Lectures Tuesdays 10.15-12.00 (Java – 2423 / Zoom)
Problem solving classes
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Pål Gunnar HogganvikRoom: 5110 (OJD, A, 5th floor)Email: [email protected] for each week Wednesdays 14.15-16.00 (Prolog - 2465)
6 out of 9 assignments must be handed in and approved- You select the ones you want to hand in
Project lab sesssions
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Weekly labs to learn design tools and work on the course project
Thursdays 12:15–14:00 (Limbo - 3418)
Course webpage
https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/ifi/IN5220/v21/
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Course content
«The course provides the know-how and skills needed to design advanced mixed-signal CMOS integrated circuits using modernEDA tools. Key focus will be on circuits and systems design involvingboth digital- and analog/RF components. The starting point will be to introduce sampled systems and how the sampling process affectssignals. Switched-capacitor design technique and circuit exampleswill be covered in detail. In addition, data converter methods/circuitsand phase-locked loops are key aspects. A central part of the coursewill be a design project where students will implement a mixed-signal system in CMOS using modern design tools.»
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Learning outcome
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The main learning outcome is the ability to understand and design advanced mixed-signal integrated circuit. In particular you will be able to:
• Understand the concept of sampling and how the sampling process affects the involved signals
• Implement filters and other circuit functions using switched-capacitor design methodology
• Understand and design data converters, both analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters includingoversampling and noise-shaping systems
• Understand and design phase-locked-loops (PLL) and its keybuilding blocks
• Design and implement mixed-signal circuits in CMOS from schematic to layout using state-of-the-art design tools and methods
What is expected from you
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• The course builds on– IN3170 Microelectronics– IN4180/5180 Analog Microelectronics– FYS3220 Linear Circuit Electronics– IN3190 Digital Signal Processing
• Knowledge on building blocks (Amplifiers etc.)– Important topics from recommended background will be repeated to get you up-
and-running
• Be active and ask questions / provide comments
Integrated Circuits
• Integrated circuits are the heart of any electronic system à IoT
• Key drivers– Cost per function (CPF) / Silicon area– More features on the same die (SoC)
• Feature size goes down à Moores law– New processor architectures
• Machine learning à Neural computing• Ex: https://www.apple.com/mac/m1/
– How about analog / RF circuits
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Mixed-signal circuits
• What are mixed-signal circuits?– Analog + Digital
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Why mixed-signal
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Digital circuits are more robust and can be designed more systematically. Usually, most of the system and signal processing will be digital content.
Still, we need to interface the real world. We need circuits for regulating supply voltage, clocking, digitizing audio and sensor outputs, communication circuits, etc.
Mixed-signal circuits
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• Digital content dominates. Process development is geared towards reducing cost-per-function (CPF).
• Analog and RF functions have to keep up (cost benefits of placing all functions on one die)
• → More than Moore, Through-silicon via, 3D
Mixed-signal circuits
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• New ideas to take advantage of new process technology, and new uses of integrated circuits.
• Important to have a good understanding of analog and mixed signal circuits. Understand how circuits can be improved and see new possibilities.
Mixed-signal circuits
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Example:Oslo, Mar. 27, 2018: Nordic Semiconductor today announces that its nRF52840™Bluetooth® Low Energy (Bluetooth LE) System-on-Chip (SoC)—the high-end variant of Nordic’s nRF52 Series of class-leading, high-performance Bluetooth 5-certified SoCs—is now available in production volume for customers across the world. ThenRF52840 SoC employs a 64MHz, 32-bit Arm® Cortex™ M4F processor which has ample generic processing power, Floating Point, and DSP performance to meet thedemands of even the most challenging wireless applications.The SoC features a new radio architecture with an +8 dBm on-chip PA; 1MB Flash and 256 kB RAM; full support for Bluetooth 5, 802.15.4 (including Thread), ANT, and proprietary 2.4GHz wireless technologies; a full speed USB 2.0 controller, and a host of peripherals (many with EasyDMA) including a quad-SPI interface. The nRF52840 can also operate from power supplies above 5V, such as re-chargeablebattery power sources.
Mixed-signal design flow
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• Top-down design• Specification + different levels of abstraction
– System level (block diagrams, MATLAB)– Schematics (SPICE)– Layout (CAD, DRC, ERC, LVS)
• Meeting specs across PVT with minimum power• Usually, big savings are in the architecture
– But layout is still very important
Curriculum
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Basic textbook:• Carusone, Johns, Martin: Analog Integrated Circuit Design,
2nd Edition International Student Version, Wiley– http://analogicdesign.com– “Second half” of the book.
Additional litterature:• Selected papers / supplements on certain topics• Slides / project
Layout techniques (Ch 2 + compendium)
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Sample-and-hold (Ch 11)
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Frontend required in many ADCs.
Important for ADC performance.
Discrete-time signals (Ch 13)
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Important to understand how sampling affects the signal.
z-transform to analyze sampled systems.
Switched-capacitor circuits (Ch 14)
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Discrete time analog signal processing
Why?
Data converters (Ch 15-18)
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Phase-locked loops – PLL (Ch 19)
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• Frequency multiplication
• Frequency synthesis• Clock deskew (PLL or
DLL)• Clock recovery (from
serial data)• Demodulation
Course project
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• Counts 40 % towards the final grade• Final report is very important
– Document what you have done and why• Focus is to learn good design practice as needed when
working in industry• Topic will be disclosed soon• Work in groups of two• Mandatory presentation
Obtaining literature
• Microelectronics is a very dynamic and fast-changing science– Always room for improvement relative to state-of-the-art
• Textbook provides knowledge on basic structures, methods and techniques
• Recent developments and state-of-the-art solutions are found in scientific papers– IEEE Xplore (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp )– Full-text articles through UiO VPN
• Also some methodology docs here:– https://designers-guide.com/documents.html
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Process design kit (PDK)
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TSMC 65 nm MS/RF LP 1.2 V with 2.5 V I/Ohttps://europractice-ic.com/mpw-prototyping/asics/tsmc/
• Simulation models• PCells for generating component layout• Rule decks for DRC, ERC, and LVS
• NDA is required to access the kit.
Exam
• Counts 60% towards the final grade– Most likely oral or home-exam
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