In your new notebook, write STAND on the 1st page. Your name should also be on the cover of your notebook!S: ScienceT: Ms HilgefortA: Geology NotebookN: NameD: 2nd 9 weeks

If you need to purchase a new notebook, you can buy one for $1

11.18 Bell Ringer

Label next 2 pages “Mineral Warm-Ups”

Decide if the following statements are true. If not, correct them. (Take your best guess!)

1. Water and Ice are minerals.2. Minerals can be found in rocks.3. Minerals exist as liquid, gas, and solid.

11.18 Bell Ringer

Minerals and Rocks

Key Terms

Notes

Summary:

Mineral Properties Cornell Notes

Rock

The material that forms the Earth’s hard surface

Mineral

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure

Minerals make-up rocks.

They are the building blocks of rocks!

Minerals

1. Solid1. Cannot be a liquid or a gas

2. Naturally Occurring1. Found in nature, not man-made

3. Inorganic1. Is not alive and never was, non-living

4. Fixed composition1. Has a chemical formula, most are formed from

compounds of two or more elements, some minerals consist of one element ex. Au

5. Crystal Form1. A definite structure in which atoms are arranged

What is a mineral? Properties:

Inorganic Inorganic: NOT formed from living things or the remains of living things

Organic material: Material that comes from living or once-living things

ORGANIC! Fruits are grown on trees and are alive until picked!

ORGANIC. Horses are alive, breathing and active.

INORGANIC. Rocks are not alive and never were!

Formed by natural processes (Is not manufactured).Is glass a mineral?Is a diamond a mineral?

Formed in Nature

Granite- forms when molten rock coolsTalc (used to make baby powder)- forms from

high pressure and heat in the earthHalite- forms when water evaporates in hot,

shallow parts of the ocean (leaving behind the salt it contained).

Formed in Nature

Has definite volume and shape.

Volume=amount of space an object takes up. Basketball vs. Golf ball

Is water a mineral?Is ice a mineral?

Solid

Each mineral contains a specific combination (mixture) of atoms of certain elements. Element=A

substance that contains (has) one type of atom.

Has same chemical make up no matter where you break it.

.

Definite (the same) Chemical Composition

Crystal StructureAtoms are joined in a repeating, 3-D pattern

Each mineral has it’s own crystal structureDiamond and

graphite have same chemical makeup (carbon) but different crystal structures

Crystal StructureSome are visible

(you can see crystal structure) Diamonds and

quartzSome you need a

microscope to see crystals

7 groups of structures named by shapes and angles formed by imaginary lines through the center

Is It a Mineral? Classification

Number #1-13. Write the word and classify each picture as

“mineral (M)” or “non-mineral (NM).” If non-mineral, write the property that the object does not

meet.Example: Plastic- NM- Naturally made/ Sulfur- M

Wood

Gold

Fossil

Topaz

Bones

Granite

Quartz

Pearls

Talc

Icebergs

Diamond

Coal

Rock Salt

And the answers are…Minerals

a) Gold (2)b) Topaz (4)c) Quartz (7)d) Talc (9)e) Iceberg*

(10)f) Diamonds

(11)

Non-Minerals

a) Wood - Inorganic (1)b) Fossils – Inorganic (3)c) Bone - Inorganic (5)d) Granite – Definite chemical

composition (6)e) Pearls – Inorganic (8)f) Coal - Inorganic (12)g) Rock Salt – Definite chemical

composition (13)According to IMA – ice is listed as a mineral

A spelunker finds a crystal of a pink substance inside a cave. What 5 properties must this substance meet in order to be considered a mineral? 1. Naturally Occurring2. Inorganic3. Solid4. Definite Chemical Composition5. Crystal Structure

11.19 Bell Ringer

Look at the following minerals. Which do you think are the same types of minerals and which do you think are different?

They are examples of quartz!!

These are all the same type of mineral!

There are over 3000 types of minerals in the Earth’s crust

As you could see with the quartz, often times even the same kind of minerals can look very different

Therefore, geologists (scientists who study minerals and rocks) often use several different tests to determine type of a mineral they have found!

Why Is It So Difficult to Identify Minerals?

Key Word

Information/Definition

Memory Cue/ Picture

Color

Hardness

Moh’s Hardness Scale

Luster

Streak

Cleavage

Fracture

K.I.M: Mineral Identification

Color is one of the least reliable tests because a mineral will not always be the same color.The color of a mineral is often caused by tiny

amounts of other elements or compounds inside

For example, what people call amethyst is actually just quartz with iron in it!

Color

When a mineral is rubbed against a tile, it will leave behind a powdered streak on the tile (colorless, white, etc.)

Sometimes a mineral’s streak does not match the mineral’s external colorFor example, one way to tell

the difference between pyrite (Fool’s gold) and real gold is by streak. Pyrite leaves a greenish-black streak while real gold leaves a yellow streak.

Streak

The way a mineral shines (metallic, glassy, chalky, silky, pearly)

Metallic - Looks like metal or appears to have metal flakes

Glassy or vitreous - Shines like glassEarthy or chalky - Dull; does not reflect much lightWaxy, silky, or pearly - Has a muted shine; may

resemble shells or pearls

Luster

Metallic Luster

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

Minerals can only be scratched by other minerals that have the same hardness or are harder

Hardness

This gray mineral is bring scratched by the clear/white mineral; therefore, the clear/white mineral is harder than the gray mineral

Scale used to rate how hard a mineral is (1=softest-Talc, 10=hardest- Diamond).

Fingernail- 2Steel file-6.5

Mohs scaleHardn

essMineral

Associations and Uses

1 Talc Talcum powder.

2 Gypsum

Plaster of paris. Gypsum is formed when seawater evaporates from the Earth’s surface.

3 Calcite

Limestone and most shells contain calcite.

4 Fluorite

Fluorine in fluorite prevents tooth decay.

5 Apatite

When you are hungry you have a big "appetite".

6 Orthoclase

Orthoclase is a feldspar, and in German, "feld" means "field".

7 Quartz

 

8 Topaz The November birthstone. Emerald and aquamarine are varieties of beryl with a hardness of 8.

9 Corundum

Sapphire and ruby are varieties of corundum. Twice as hard as topaz.

10 Diamond

Used in jewelry and cutting tools. Four times as hard as corundum.

Minerals that break along smoother flat planes are said to have cleavage.

Cleavage

Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges are said to have fracture

Fracture

Some minerals have unique propertiesFor example, Iceland spar can create double

images

Calcite reacts with hydrochloric acid and releases carbon dioxide (bubbles)

Fluorescence property- glow when they are exposed to ultraviolet light

Some Other Special Properties

Suppose you find a yellow piece of metal in a stream. How could you tell if it is real gold?

In the city a street peddler offers to sell you a diamond ring for thirty bucks. How could you test if the rock in the ring is a real diamond?

11.20 Bell Ringer

Mineral Identification LabMineral Gizmo

Stations

Identifying Minerals Lab

With your table partner, answer the questions on the “Mineral Mystery” lab using the mystery mineral that your teacher gives you.

Use the Mineral Key on the back to determine which mineral you are examining to answer #6 and #13.

Lab Directions

Word DescriptionLuster Color of Powder

Streak Rough, jagged

Cleavage Smooth, flat

Fracture Shines

Color Not reliable

1. Match the definition to the word

Inorganic Organic Solid Liquid Gas

Artificial Natural Made of same

elements throughout

Made of Rocks

Crystal Structure

Mineral Review

2. Write down the words below that describe properties of minerals