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Photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are microstructured materials
which have periodic dielectric constant .
Comparison
Semiconductors
• Energy band gaps
• Periodic crystal potential
• Atomic length scales
• Control electron flow
Photonic crystals
• Photonic band gaps
• Periodic dielectric constant
• Length scale ~
• Control wave propagation
Holographic lithography
The light is bright
in the polymer make
that part insoluble.
In the dark regions
of the interference
pattern the polymer
remain unchanged.
3-D photonic crystal
The structure of polymer atoms connected by polymer bonds and surrounded by air voids.