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Women During the Progressive Era
In the late 1800’s more women began to obtain higher education by attending college
Most women who attended college were part of the middle or upper class
However, after graduating many women still found themselves shut out of many high prestige careers
Women worked as teachers, nurses, journalists, and in industry
Opportunities for Women
Women became some of the most important leaders of the Progressive Era
Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement to tend to the needs of poor children in New York City
Women were particularly active in the prohibition movement – called for a ban on making, selling, and distributing alcohol
Groups like the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and leaders like Cary Nation (who went into saloons in Kansas with a hatchet and a bible) fought to eliminate alcohol in America
Prohibitionists eventually won when the 18th Amendment was passed in 1919. However, it was so unpopular that the amendment was repealed in 1933 when the 21st Amendment was passed.
Political Experience
African-American women also fought for civil rights
Many African-American women joined the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). The NACW campaigned against lynchings, segregation, and poverty.
Civil Rights
Women had been campaigning for suffrage since the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
Many women were especially angered that the 15th Amendment did not include women
In 1869 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). The NWSA pushed for a constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote.
In 1872 many NWSA women supported Victoria Woodhull, the first female candidate for President
Women’s Suffrage
In 1869 the Wyoming territory became the first to grant women suffrage
Susan B. Anthony fought tirelessly for women’s suffrage In 1872 she led a small group of women in a protest.
The women registered to vote and actually voted on Election day.
Two weeks later she was arrested for unlawfully votingAt her trial the judge refused to allow Anthony to testify
on her own behalfIn 1875 the Supreme Court ruled that women were
citizens, but that citizenship did not grant the right to vote
Women’s Suffrage
Many people were against women’s suffrage for several different reasons
Women’s Suffrage
There were disagreements among women about how to obtain suffrage.One group wanted to work state by state, while others
wanted immediate suffrageIn 1913 Alice Paul and Lucy Burns broke away from the
NWSA and founded the National Woman’s Party (NWP).This group focused on passage of a constitutional
amendment to give women the right to vote In 1917 the NWP picketed the White House and chained
themselves to the railings Iron Jawed AngelsMany of the women were arrested. Some went on hunger
strikes and there was much violence Iron Jawed Angels
Women’s Suffrage
In 1917 the United States entered World War I. During the war women worked for the war effort which led to a weakening in the opposition to suffrage
Under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt, the NWSA campaigned for women’s suffrage on the state and national level
In 1920 the 19th Amendment was passed finally giving women the right to vote.
Unfortunately Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and many of the other suffrage fighters were not alive to see passage of the 19th amendment.
Women get the Vote