Upload
amber-mcnally
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
In-situ reportPrecipitation
Surface Temperature and humidity
Temperature and humidity profiles
AMDAR
GPS ZTD
Lidar
Bertrand Calpini with input from, Roger Saunders, Richard Assmann, Stewart Taylor, Gemma Bennitt
1. Rainfall Intensity
• Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage
Rain security network in the Alps / 2010
Rain security network in the Alps / 2013
2. Temperature and RH
Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring
Instruments (17*2 screens)
VEIG
LBOM
LLANLCOC
SCAE
SDAV
SSOCSYOUVDAV
VROT
VTHY VYOU
Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring
Instruments
- 1 .5
-1
-0 .5
0
0 .5
1
1 .5
ATH
I1
ATH
I2
LBO
M
LCAS
LLAN
1
LLAN
2
LSO
C
SDAV1
SDAV2
SSO
C1
SSO
C2
SVAI1
SVAI2
SWIN
1
SWIN
2
SYO
U1
SYO
U2
VD
AV1
VD
AV2
VEIG
11
VEIG
12
VEIG
21
VFIS
1
VFIS
2
VRO
T1
VTH
Y1
VTH
Y2
VYO
U1
VYO
U2
Tem
per
atu
re d
iffer
ence
s w
ith
VE
IG22
(°C
)
3292
06
5031
24
5031
24
5031
24
5031
24
5031
24
2397
93
5031
24
5031
24
5031
24
5031
24
5031
24
4995
31
1120
4
4457
0
N um ber o f cases
Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring
Instruments
- 1 8 0
-1 5 0
-1 2 0
-9 0
-6 0
-3 0
0
3 0
6 0
9 0
1 2 0
1 5 0
1 8 0
ATH
I1
ATH
I2
LBO
M
LCAS
LLAN
1
LLAN
2
LSO
C
SDAV1
SDAV2
SSO
C1
SSO
C2
SVAI1
SVAI2
SWIN
1
SWIN
2
SYO
U1
SYO
U2
VD
AV1
VD
AV2
VEIG
11
VEIG
12
VEIG
21
VFIS
1
VFIS
2
VRO
T1
VTH
Y1
VTH
Y2
VYO
U1
VYO
U2
Dai
ly T
x t
ime
diff
eren
ces
wit
h V
EIG
22 (
min
ute
s)
91 87 331
331
331
331
331
331
331
331
331
280
266
331
331
331
331
331
331
331
331
254
331
331
183
38 42 331
331
N um ber o f cases
Differences in the time of occurrence of daily maximum temperatures
Gardaia Results
• Even some low-cost screen appear with very good performance
• Consequences for climate services:– Maximum daily temperature delay: up to 3hrs – Maximum temperature error: up to 1.5deg
• Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage
8th WMO International Radiosonde Comparison.Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
12 July – 3 August 2010
Participants: 11 manufacturers from
China, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, South Africa, Switzerland, USA
3. Radiosonde
Tropical/subtropical moist conditions
Tropopause & 16kmTemperature >> -90deg
Temperature
Geopotential Height
Rel Humidity
Yangjiang Results
• Unprecedented performances achieved with QRS• No pressure sensor needed anymore for GPS radiosonde
with a direct impact on lowering the cost of radiosonde• Intercomparison results used to facilitate selection of
systems for national purposes, minimizing additional performance testing on a national level (WTO procedures).
• Recommendations on vendors to improve their operational radiosonde
>>> Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage
Met Office MODEM vs Vaisala
What is GRUAN?
GCOS Reference Upper Air Network
Network for ground-based reference observations for climate in the free atmosphere in the frame of GCOS
Initially 15 stations, envisaged to be a network of 30-40 sites across the globe
See www.gruan.org for more detail
GRUAN goals
Maintain observations over several decades for accurately estimating climate variability and change
Focus on characterizing observational biases, including complete estimates of measurement uncertainty
Ensure traceability of measurements by comprehensive metadata collection and documentation
Ensure long-term stability by managing instrumental changes
Tie measurements to SI units or internationally accepted standards
Measure a large suite of co-related climate variables with deliberate measurement redundancy
Priority 1: Water vapor, temperature, (pressure and wind)
Priority 2: Ozone, clouds, …
Monitoring with GPS-RO
Very small bias
Sonde’s understimatehumidity
Vaisala RS92: (COSMIC - RS92)/RS92
SIPPICAN (USA):(COSMIC – SIPP)/SIPP
Co-located COSMIC
and radiosonde
refractivity (3 hrs, 300 km)
AMDAR Coverage 13th June 11
E-AMDAR 13th June
E-AMDAR Europe 13th June
26
E-AMDAR: Network Developments 1.
• 1st Nov 2010 - EZY fleets providing data over UK domain and selected European airports.• Software installed on BAW A319 (LCY – SNN – JFK).But when a volcano erupts coverage
is reduced!
27
E-AMDAR: WVSS Programme 1.
28
US (NOAA): WVSS Programme 1.
Some stats
• AMDAR reports from Alaskan Airlines received from 25 March 2011 an extra 110 aircraft reporting ~10% increase in AMDAR reports globally
• 230 dropsonde reports over North Pacific during March 2011 – good quality
• 57% reduction of Canadian AMDARs over 2 years, but levelled-off recently
• New Canadian ADS data received from 4 March 2011 over western North Atlantic
Ground-based GPSObservations available from E-GVAP
http://egvap.dmi.dk
Ground-based GPS
NAE and UK models:
• ~18 000 zenith total delay (ZTD) observations assimilated into NAE model per day, ~1400 in UK models.
• Recent study focusing on heavy rainfall events with UK4 model showed 10.9% increase in ETS for 6 hour precip accumulation when ZTDs assimilated.
Global model:
• Trials of assimilating ZTD into global NWP model underway
• Met Office and Czech republic now produce global near real-time ZTD observations (not yet available on GTS)
Testbeds and Leadcenters
Met office Observation Monitoring – some notable events 2010/11
• Volcanic ash episode in April 2010: few AMDARs, but more TEMPs - looked for changes in temperature bias at TEMP stations (as biased AMDARs removed) - no significant changes seen
• Loss of ~40% Canadian sonde winds due to demise of Loran-C on 1/08/10 - impact minimised by CMC producing winds at either 00Z or 12Z at nearby stations
• Antarctic Concordiasi campaign Sep-Nov 2010 - 560 dropsondes received and assimilated at the Met Office - >50000 balloon winds + temps received/assimilated from 19 gondola balloons
• AMDAR data over UK increased by 65% on 1/11/10 due to EasyJet data (for a 6-month trial period) - quality similar to other E-AMDAR data
• E-AMDAR processing problems 28-29 Nov 2010 - few AMDARs on 28 Nov, but old data queued & sent on 29 Nov, resulting in rms o-b vector wind 50% higher (10% for assim’d data) than usual in 12UTC run & probable degradation in forecast
• 2 Greenland stations’ TEMP reports corrupted since January 2011 - - data missing 700-100hPa from stations 04220 & 04270 at Met Office (& MeteoFrance) due to coding errors in reports
• Winds from 102 European wind profilers/weather radars now assimilated at Met Office - Norwegian WRWP wind quality improved in spring 2010, but Spanish WRWP quality still poor (no Finnish winds assimilated 2 Nov – 8 Dec 2010, as profiles received in reverse height order)
Issues for NWP
• Transition to BUFR for radiosondes provide new opportunities
• Global GPS total zenith delay
• In-situ soil moisture and temp
• Common format for precip radar data
•To improve estimates of solid precipitation and develop guidance on the accuracy and temporal resolution of solid precipitation parameters
• New observations needed for mesoscale
There is increasing evidence based upon results from A-TREC, TPARC, AMMA (in the form of OSEs, adjoint-based observation impact studies, and analysis uncertainty estimates) to recommend, if feasible, increases in observations from:
• Commercial aircraft over the N. Pacific, N. Atlantic, and the S. Hemisphere in general.
• Additional soundings from certain coastal radiosondes, including those in eastern Siberia, and perhaps selected stations in polar regions, Africa, and South America.
to improve NWP forecasts in the 2-5 day timeframe.
DAOS-WG statement on need for DAOS-WG statement on need for additional in-situ observationsadditional in-situ observations