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• In lexical semantics, opposites are words that lie in
an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in
the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up :
down, and precede : follow. The notion of
incompatibility here refers to fact that one word in an
opposite pair entails that it is not the othera pair
member.
• Antonyms, from the Greek anti ("opposite") and
onoma ("name") are gradable opposites. Gradable
opposites lie at opposite ends of a continuous
spectrum of meanings; examples are hot and cold,
slow and fast, and fat and skinny. Words may have
several different antonyms, depending on the
meaning: both long and tall can be antonyms of
short.
WORDAbundance
Adversity
Affection
Analysis
Attack
Behaviour
Belief
Blame
Bravery
Bustle
Care
Darth, want, scarcity
Prosperity
Aversion, coldness
Synthesis
Defence
Misconduct
Disbelief
Praise
Cowardice
Quiet
Indifference,
negligence
ANTONYM
WORD
Danger
Death
Decay
Decision
Discipline
Disease
Earnest
Enemy
Evil
Falsehood
Fame
Folly
Safety
Life
Growth
Indecision,
uncertainty
Indiscipline
Health
Jest
Friend
Good
Truth
Disgrace, infamy
Wisdom
ANTONYM
WORD
Fondness
Fortune
Grief
Happiness
Hatred
Heaven
Honesty
Honour
Ill-will
Justice
Knowledge
Likeness
Dislike
Misfortune
Joy
Sorrow
Love
Hell
Dishonesty
Dishonour
Good-will
Injustice
Ignorance
Difference
ANTONYM
WORD
Marriage
Miser
Motion
Native
Noise
Optimist
Please
Pleasant
Pleasure
Play
Poetry
Poverty
Divorce
Spendthrift
Rest
Foreign
Silence
Pessimist
Displease
Unpleasant
Pain
Toil
Prose
Wealth
ANTONYM
WORD
Smile
Top
Union
Use
Work
Frown
Bottom
Disunion
Abuse
Play
ANTONYM
WORD
Absent
Accurate
Adequate
Agreeable
Adverse
Ample
Artful
Awkward
Beneficial
Brittle
Calm
Capable
Present
Inaccurate
Inadequate
Disagreeable
Favourable
Scanty, meager
Straight, forward
Graceful
Injurious
Tough
Stormy
Incompetent
ANTONYM
WORD
Careful
Cautious
Certain
Cheap
Cheerful
Clever
Coarse
Cold
Cool
Crooked
Cruel
Different
Careless
Reckless
Uncertain, doubtful
Dear
Gloomy, cheerless
Stupid, dull
Fine
Hot
Warm
Straight
Kind
Similar
ADJECTIVE
WORD
Dry
Ebb
Equal
Even
Fair
Flat
First
Fit
Foolish
Foul
Friendly
Fully
Wet
Flow
Unequal
Uneven
Unfair
Hilly
Last
Unfit
Wise
Fair
Unfriendly
Partly
ANTONYM
WORD
Gay
Genuine
Grateful
Happy
Hearty
Heavy
Holy
Ill
Illiterate
Insane
Late
Lean
Dismal
Spurious, artificial
Ungrateful
Miserable
Insincere
Light
Unholy
Well
Learned, educated
Sane
Punctual
Stout, fat
ANTONYM
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1. Alien :- A person residing in a country of which he is not a
citizen.
2. Amateur :- One who pursues some art or sport as hobby.
3. Anarchy :- Absence of government.
4. Animate :- Object having life.
5. Annual :- Which takes place every year.
6. Anonymous :- Which does not bear the name of its writer.
7. Antidote :- Medicine to counteract the effect of a poison.
8. Antiseptic :- That which counteracts putrefaction.
9. Aquatic :- Living in (or near) water.
10. Arsenal :- A place for storage of weapons and ammunition.
11. Atheist :- One who does not believe in the existence of God.
12. Audience :- An assembly of listeners.
13. Autobiography :- Life-history of a person written by himself.
14. Autograph :- signature of some important person in his own
hand-writing.
15. Bankrupt (or insolvent) :- One who cannot pay off his debt.
16. Barometer :- An instrument of measuring atmospheric
pressure.
17. Biography :- Life story of a person.
18. Blonde :- A beautiful lady of fair complexion and golden hair.
19. Botany :- The science of vegetable life.
20. Brittle :- Apt to break.
21. Cantonment :- Temporary quarters made for military men.
22. Catalogue :- A list of books.
23. Century :- One hundred years.
24. Colleagues :- Persons working together in the same institution.
25. Combustible :- Liable to catch fire easily.
26. Contagious :- A disease communicable by contact.
27. Contemporary :- Person living at the same time as one.
28. Cosmopolitan :- One who is free from national prejudices.
29. Credulous :- A person too ready to believe.
30. Dead letter :- A letter which is not claimed by anyone.
31. Dead language :- A language which is no longer spoken.
32. Democracy :- Government of people by the people and for the
people.
33. Dictionary :- A book which tells what various word mean.
34. Dispensary :- A place fitted up for making medicines.
35. Drawn :- A battle or a match in which neither party wins.
36. Edible :- Fit to be eaten.
37. Egoist :- A person who always thinks of himself.
38. Eligible :- One who is fit to be elected or selected.
39. Extempore :- A speech made without previous preparation.
40. Fantastic :- One who enjoys everything carelessly.
41. Fastidious :- Hard to please.
42. Fatal :- A disease (or accident) which ends in death.
43. Fatalist :- One who believes in fate.
44. Fiend :- A most wicked and cruel man.
45. Finger-post :- A guide-post pointing out the way for a place.
46. Germicide :- Substance having power to destroy germs.
47. Gratis :- Without payment or recompense.
48. Hades :- Lower world beneath the earth.
49. Harvest-moon :- Full moon about autumnal equinox.
50. Hearse :- Vehicle to carry dead body.
51. Holdall :- A canvas bag to hold bedding etc.
52. Honeymoon :- The first night of newly married couple.
53. Honorary :- Office for which no salary is paid.
54. Hospitable :- One who entertains his guests.
55. Hoyden :- A very romping girl.
56. Hydra :- An imaginary serpent with many heads.
57. Hypnotism :- A science of hypnosis by which a hypnotist can
induce an artificial sleep on others.
58. Ignorant :- One who lacks knowledge.
59. Illegal :- That which is contrary to law.
60. Illegible :- That which cannot be easily read.
61. Illiterate :- One who is unable to read and write.
62. Immigrant :- One who comes to settle in a country.
63. Immovable :- That which cannot be moved.
64. Impassable :- That cannot be passed through.
65. Impracticable :- That which cannot be put in practice.
66. Inaccessible :- That which cannot be approached or reached.
67. Inaudible :- That which cannot be heard.
68. Incredible :- That which cannot be believed.
69. Incorrigible :- That which cannot be corrected.
70. Incurable :- That which cannot be cured.
71. Indelible :- That which cannot be blotted out.
72. Indefatigable :- One who does not tire.
73. Indescribable :- That which cannot be described.
74. Indispensable :- That which cannot be dispensed with.
75. Ineligible :- Not fit to be elected or selected.
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An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to
form a new word. Affixes may be derivational, like English -
ness and pre-, or inflectional, like English plural -s and past
tense -ed.
They are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and
suffixes may be separable affixes.
Affixation is, thus, the linguistic process speakers use to
form new words (neologisms) by adding sounds (affixes) at
the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the
end (suffixation) of words.
AFFIXES
Prefixes are affixes (i.e., bound morphemes that provide lexical meaning) that are
added before either simple roots or complex bases (or operands) consisting of
(a) a root and other affixes,
(b) multiple roots, or
(c) multiple roots and other affixes.
Examples of these follow:
1. undo (consisting of prefix un- and root do)
2. untouchable (consisting of prefix un-, root touch, and suffix -able)
3. non-childproof (consisting of prefix non-, root child, and root proof)
4. non-childproofable (consisting of prefix non-, root child, root proof, and suffix -
able)
English words may consist of multiple prefixes: anti-pseudo-classicism
(containing both an anti- prefix and a pseudo- prefix).
In English, all prefixes are derivational. This contrasts with English suffixes,
which may be either derivational or inflectional.
PREFIX
7. ADDING PREFIXES -BE
Cloud
Calm
Dew
Fool
Friend
Guile
Head
Little
Night
Siege
Witch
Becloud
Becalm
Bedew
Befool
Befriend
Beguile
Behead
Belittle
Benight
Besiege
Bewitch
WORD VERB
8. ADDING PREFIXES -EN
Able
Cage
Camp
Circle
Courage
Danger
Dear
Force
Joy
Large
Rich
Snare
Slave
Sure
Enable
Encage
Encamp
Encircle
Encourage
Endanger
Endear
Enforce
Enjoy
Enlarge
Enrich
Ensnare
Enslave
Ensure
WORD VERB
..CONT
Tomb
Title
Throne
Entomb
Entitle
Enthrone
WORD VERB
1. ADDING SUFFIXES -CY
Accurate
Agent
Brilliant
Bankrupt
Constant
Frequent
Intimate
Infant
Private
Pregnant
Secret
Urgent
Vacant
Accuracy
Agency
Brilliancy
Bankruptcy
Constancy
Frequency
Intimacy
Infancy
Privacy
Pregnancy
Secrecy
Urgency
Vacancy
WORD NOUN
2. ADDING SUFFIXES -AGE
Break
Broker
Bond
Cart
Carry
Coin
Leak
Marry
Orphan
Post
Pass
Pilgrim
Short
Stop
Use
Waste
Breakage
Brokerage
Bondage
Cartage
Carriage
Coinage
Leakage
Marriage
Orphanage
Postage
Passage
Pilgrimage
Shortage
Stoppage
Usage
Wastage
WORD NOUN
3. ADDING SUFFIXES -AL
Approve
Arrive
Bury
Betray
Deny
Dispose
Dismiss
Propose
Refuse
Remove
Try
Withdraw
Approval
Arrival
Burial
Betrayal
Denial
Disposal
Dismissal
Proposal
Refusal
Removal
Trial
Withdrawal
WORD NOUN
4. ADDING SUFFIXES -ANCE
Accept
Abound
Annoy
Assist
Appear
Allow
Assure
Attend
Comply
Disturb
Guide
Ignore
Important
Acceptance
Abundance
Annoyance
Assistance
Appearance
Allowance
Assurance
Attendance
Compliance
Disturbance
Guidance
Ignorance
Importance
WORD NOUN
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