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2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 15
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Jan 19th 2016 1524 BY THE DATA TEAM
In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela
Venezuela a nation in a state
OF ALL the unflattering words used to describe the state of the country he governsdisaster is the one Venezuelas president Nicolaacutes Maduro dislikes the most Perhaps thatis because it is so apt Under his watch the nation has entered a steep decline MrMaduro has restricted the publication of official economic figures Those that have beendivulged confirm that 2015 was a very bad year And 2016 is going to be worse
A global oil boom which provided Hugo Chaacutevez Mr Maduros populist predecessor moneyto lavish on Venezuelas once neglected poor is over Mr Maduro has failed to persuadevoters that he is a worthy heir In a parliamentary election on December 6th 2015 theopposition Democratic Unity alliance (MUD) won twoshythirds of the seats the first time it haswon a national election since Chaacutevez came to power in 1999 Mr Madurorsquos approval rating
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2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 25
is not much above 20 The new National Assembly is now engaged in a power strugglewith the regime Venezuelas Supreme Court which can be counted on to side with thegovernment has ruled that three opposition MPs cannot be sworn in depriving the MUD ofits supermajority
The price of oil which provides 95 of Venezuelarsquos foreignshyexchange earnings has longdictated the popularity of its leaders The governments income from oil in the year toNovember 2015 was twoshythirds lower than during the same period the year before The oilprice has fallen further since then With less money coming in and demand for imports stillstrong the value of Venezuelas foreignshyexchange reserves has dropped alarmingly A fallduring 2015 in the price of gold of which Venezuela has substantial holdings hascontributed to the decline in reserves
The current oil slump would be painful whoever was in power The regime has greatlycompounded the damage with policies that though designed to favour the poor end upimpoverishing them and the state Price controlsmdashalong with the shortage of foreignexchangemdashhave led to acute shortages of basic goods forcing people to queue for hoursto buy necessities Inflation is officially running at 141 as of September last year (the latestavailable figure) Analysts believe the true figure is at least 200 a year some predicthyperinflation in 2016 The massive budget deficit which the Central Bank finances byprinting money contributes to that risk
The government has tried to hold down prices with a Rube Goldberg system of exchangecontrols Venezuela has three legal exchange rates including one that values the boliacutevar at635$ Venezuelans with connections in the government can obtain dollars at thisridiculously cheap rate a major source of corruption But in the unofficial market the boliacutevaris worth around 130 times less The market dollar value of most Venezuelans pay is thus
Videographics
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Latest updates raquo
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The road ahead Is Islamic State comingto IsraelMiddle East and Africa | 1 hour 6 mins ago
Guessing game A new type of predictionmarketBusiness and finance | 3 hours 16 mins ago
The digital music industry New andinteresting music is harder to findProspero | Jan 20th 1156
Daily dispatches Chinarsquos market messGraphic detail | Jan 20th 1153
Easy on the ears Podcasts are gainingaudience but have yet to attractBusiness and finance | Jan 20th 1035
The Economist explains How relationsbetween Catholics and Jews haveThe Economist explains | Jan 20th 0539
More latest updates raquo
Most commented
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 35
pitifully low Although the official price of goods is correspondingly cheap many areavailable only at inflated prices in the black market
To date Venezuela has given priority to paying its foreign debts The government hasapparently decided that default however tempting would be too costly Many ofVenezuelas assets outside the country (including refineries and oil tankers) could beseized by creditors Venezuelas restricted access to credit would be diminished evenfurther if it defaulted Although a series of multlshybillion dollar loans from China repaid in oilare helping stave off a crisis a default may be unavoidable if oil prices do not recover in2016 The IMF estimates that Venezuelas GDP shrank by about 10 in 2015 making it theworlds worst performing economy The government admits the contraction was 71 up tothe third quarter of 2015 Whatever the true figure the sharp recession is undermining oneof the regimes proudest claims that under its rule Venezuelas poverty has fallen Extremepoverty has indeed declined under chavismo (as it has done worldwide) but not as muchas the government contends Peru has made greater progress than Venezuela whereoverall (rather than extreme) poverty has stayed stubbornly static since 2000
In January 2016 Mr Maduro appointed a neweconomics team but there are doubts aboutits willingness to tackle the nations troublesThe minister in overall charge of theeconomy Luis Salas is a leftshywingsociologist who like others in thegovernment attributes the countrysproblems to an economic war He rejectssome basic tenets of conventionaleconomics for example that printing toomuch money causes inflation The newfinance minister Rodolfo Medina is thoughtto be more pragmatic Recent surveys haveshown that alongside the economy andshortages security is a major concern Thegovernment stopped publishingcomprehensive crime statistics in 2005though it does admit there is a problem Theattorneyshygeneral has said that Venezuelasmurder rate last year was 62 per 100000people ten times the global average The Venezuelan Violence Observatory anindependent research institute says the rate is higher The murder rate in Caracas is thehighest in the region for a countrys biggest city Countrywide 90 of murders gounpunished
The government tries to keep ordinaryVenezuelans ignorant of such demoralisingfacts through its domination of the mediaChaacutevez began the process of shutting downthe free press Mr Maduro has continued itOnly one national newspaper is relativelyindependent State television is filled withhours of proshygovernment propaganda MrMaduro his wife Cilia Flores and the formerhead of the National Assembly DiosdadoCabello all have their own weekly televisionshows Opposition politicians several ofwhom have been imprisoned depend uponsocial media to get their message out
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1
23
4
5
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 45
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View all comments (22) Add your comment
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
The Economist explainsHow relations betweenCatholics and Jews haveimproved
Guessing game A newtype of prediction market
Although the regime has made that asdifficult as it can the oppositionrsquos election victory in December shows that democracy is stillalive
More from the Economist
Previous
Safeguarding nuclearmaterials from theft and
cybershysabotage How safeare countriesrsquo nuclear
Next
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
Share 66 10
Immigration policy Obamarsquosimmigration orders to be scrutinised bythe Supreme Court
bull The Economist explains The worriesabout Chinarsquos slowing growth
bull
The Economist explains Whathappened in the Thirty Years War
bull Tidying up The lifeshychanging magic ofsimplistic solutions to complex problems
bull
Easy on the ears Podcasts are gainingaudience but have yet to attract thebiggest advertisers
bull The origin of coal The rock that rockedthe world
bull
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 55
Senior Analyst(Humanitarian)
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Associate DirectorDeputy Head of hellip
Jobseconomistcom
CHIEFUNDERWRITINGOFFICER
Jobseconomistcom
Special Tribunal forLebanon
Chief PublicInformation andCommuhellip
Jobseconomistcom
Copyright copy The Economist Newspaper Limited 2016 All rights reserved
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Bagehots notebookButtonwoods notebookDemocracy in AmericaErasmusFree exchangeGame theoryGraphic detailGulliverProsperoThe Economist explains
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2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 25
is not much above 20 The new National Assembly is now engaged in a power strugglewith the regime Venezuelas Supreme Court which can be counted on to side with thegovernment has ruled that three opposition MPs cannot be sworn in depriving the MUD ofits supermajority
The price of oil which provides 95 of Venezuelarsquos foreignshyexchange earnings has longdictated the popularity of its leaders The governments income from oil in the year toNovember 2015 was twoshythirds lower than during the same period the year before The oilprice has fallen further since then With less money coming in and demand for imports stillstrong the value of Venezuelas foreignshyexchange reserves has dropped alarmingly A fallduring 2015 in the price of gold of which Venezuela has substantial holdings hascontributed to the decline in reserves
The current oil slump would be painful whoever was in power The regime has greatlycompounded the damage with policies that though designed to favour the poor end upimpoverishing them and the state Price controlsmdashalong with the shortage of foreignexchangemdashhave led to acute shortages of basic goods forcing people to queue for hoursto buy necessities Inflation is officially running at 141 as of September last year (the latestavailable figure) Analysts believe the true figure is at least 200 a year some predicthyperinflation in 2016 The massive budget deficit which the Central Bank finances byprinting money contributes to that risk
The government has tried to hold down prices with a Rube Goldberg system of exchangecontrols Venezuela has three legal exchange rates including one that values the boliacutevar at635$ Venezuelans with connections in the government can obtain dollars at thisridiculously cheap rate a major source of corruption But in the unofficial market the boliacutevaris worth around 130 times less The market dollar value of most Venezuelans pay is thus
Videographics
Follow The Economist
Latest updates raquo
Rifts in the Rift Election tensions arealready rattling Kenyarsquos mostMiddle East and Africa | 26 mins ago
The road ahead Is Islamic State comingto IsraelMiddle East and Africa | 1 hour 6 mins ago
Guessing game A new type of predictionmarketBusiness and finance | 3 hours 16 mins ago
The digital music industry New andinteresting music is harder to findProspero | Jan 20th 1156
Daily dispatches Chinarsquos market messGraphic detail | Jan 20th 1153
Easy on the ears Podcasts are gainingaudience but have yet to attractBusiness and finance | Jan 20th 1035
The Economist explains How relationsbetween Catholics and Jews haveThe Economist explains | Jan 20th 0539
More latest updates raquo
Most commented
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 35
pitifully low Although the official price of goods is correspondingly cheap many areavailable only at inflated prices in the black market
To date Venezuela has given priority to paying its foreign debts The government hasapparently decided that default however tempting would be too costly Many ofVenezuelas assets outside the country (including refineries and oil tankers) could beseized by creditors Venezuelas restricted access to credit would be diminished evenfurther if it defaulted Although a series of multlshybillion dollar loans from China repaid in oilare helping stave off a crisis a default may be unavoidable if oil prices do not recover in2016 The IMF estimates that Venezuelas GDP shrank by about 10 in 2015 making it theworlds worst performing economy The government admits the contraction was 71 up tothe third quarter of 2015 Whatever the true figure the sharp recession is undermining oneof the regimes proudest claims that under its rule Venezuelas poverty has fallen Extremepoverty has indeed declined under chavismo (as it has done worldwide) but not as muchas the government contends Peru has made greater progress than Venezuela whereoverall (rather than extreme) poverty has stayed stubbornly static since 2000
In January 2016 Mr Maduro appointed a neweconomics team but there are doubts aboutits willingness to tackle the nations troublesThe minister in overall charge of theeconomy Luis Salas is a leftshywingsociologist who like others in thegovernment attributes the countrysproblems to an economic war He rejectssome basic tenets of conventionaleconomics for example that printing toomuch money causes inflation The newfinance minister Rodolfo Medina is thoughtto be more pragmatic Recent surveys haveshown that alongside the economy andshortages security is a major concern Thegovernment stopped publishingcomprehensive crime statistics in 2005though it does admit there is a problem Theattorneyshygeneral has said that Venezuelasmurder rate last year was 62 per 100000people ten times the global average The Venezuelan Violence Observatory anindependent research institute says the rate is higher The murder rate in Caracas is thehighest in the region for a countrys biggest city Countrywide 90 of murders gounpunished
The government tries to keep ordinaryVenezuelans ignorant of such demoralisingfacts through its domination of the mediaChaacutevez began the process of shutting downthe free press Mr Maduro has continued itOnly one national newspaper is relativelyindependent State television is filled withhours of proshygovernment propaganda MrMaduro his wife Cilia Flores and the formerhead of the National Assembly DiosdadoCabello all have their own weekly televisionshows Opposition politicians several ofwhom have been imprisoned depend uponsocial media to get their message out
Advertisement
Economist blogsBagehots notebook | British politicsButtonwoods notebook | Financial marketsDemocracy in America | American politicsErasmus | Religion and public policyFree exchange | EconomicsGame theory | SportsGraphic detail | Charts maps and infographicsGulliver | Business travelProspero | Books arts and cultureThe Economist explains | Explaining the world daily
Products and events
Test your EQTake our weekly news quiz to stay on top of theheadlines
Want more from The EconomistVisit The Economist eshystore and yoursquoll find a rangeof carefully selected products for business andpleasure Economist books and diaries and muchmore
Advertisement
Immigration andasylumMigrant men andEuropean women
Refugees in Germany Colognersquos aftershocksTaiwans presidential election The formidablechallenge facing Taiwans first female presidentThe Republican contest A wasted vote for JebBushSquabbling Democrats Hillary Clintonharangues the Bern at the fourth Democraticdebate
1
23
4
5
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 45
Classified ads
View all comments (22) Add your comment
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
The Economist explainsHow relations betweenCatholics and Jews haveimproved
Guessing game A newtype of prediction market
Although the regime has made that asdifficult as it can the oppositionrsquos election victory in December shows that democracy is stillalive
More from the Economist
Previous
Safeguarding nuclearmaterials from theft and
cybershysabotage How safeare countriesrsquo nuclear
Next
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
Share 66 10
Immigration policy Obamarsquosimmigration orders to be scrutinised bythe Supreme Court
bull The Economist explains The worriesabout Chinarsquos slowing growth
bull
The Economist explains Whathappened in the Thirty Years War
bull Tidying up The lifeshychanging magic ofsimplistic solutions to complex problems
bull
Easy on the ears Podcasts are gainingaudience but have yet to attract thebiggest advertisers
bull The origin of coal The rock that rockedthe world
bull
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 55
Senior Analyst(Humanitarian)
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Associate DirectorDeputy Head of hellip
Jobseconomistcom
CHIEFUNDERWRITINGOFFICER
Jobseconomistcom
Special Tribunal forLebanon
Chief PublicInformation andCommuhellip
Jobseconomistcom
Copyright copy The Economist Newspaper Limited 2016 All rights reserved
Sections
Debate and discussion
Blogs Research and insights
Contact us
Help
My account
Subscribe
Print edition
Digital editions
Events
JobsEconomistcom
Timekeeper saved articles
United StatesBritainEuropeChinaAsiaAmericasMiddle East amp AfricaInternationalBusiness amp financeEconomicsMarkets amp dataScience amp technologySpecial reportsCultureMultimedia library
The Economist debatesLetters to the editorThe Economist Quiz
Bagehots notebookButtonwoods notebookDemocracy in AmericaErasmusFree exchangeGame theoryGraphic detailGulliverProsperoThe Economist explains
TopicsEconomics AshyZStyle guideThe World in 2016Which MBAMBA ServicesThe Economist GMAT TutorExecutive Education NavigatorReprints and permissions
The Economist Group raquoThe Economist Intelligence UnitThe Economist Intelligence UnitStoreThe Economist Corporate NetworkIdeas People MediaIntelligent Life magazineRoll CallCQEuroFinanceThe Economist Store
View complete site index raquo
Contact us Help About us Advertise with us Staff Books Careers Site index
Accessibility Privacy policy Cookies info Terms of use
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 35
pitifully low Although the official price of goods is correspondingly cheap many areavailable only at inflated prices in the black market
To date Venezuela has given priority to paying its foreign debts The government hasapparently decided that default however tempting would be too costly Many ofVenezuelas assets outside the country (including refineries and oil tankers) could beseized by creditors Venezuelas restricted access to credit would be diminished evenfurther if it defaulted Although a series of multlshybillion dollar loans from China repaid in oilare helping stave off a crisis a default may be unavoidable if oil prices do not recover in2016 The IMF estimates that Venezuelas GDP shrank by about 10 in 2015 making it theworlds worst performing economy The government admits the contraction was 71 up tothe third quarter of 2015 Whatever the true figure the sharp recession is undermining oneof the regimes proudest claims that under its rule Venezuelas poverty has fallen Extremepoverty has indeed declined under chavismo (as it has done worldwide) but not as muchas the government contends Peru has made greater progress than Venezuela whereoverall (rather than extreme) poverty has stayed stubbornly static since 2000
In January 2016 Mr Maduro appointed a neweconomics team but there are doubts aboutits willingness to tackle the nations troublesThe minister in overall charge of theeconomy Luis Salas is a leftshywingsociologist who like others in thegovernment attributes the countrysproblems to an economic war He rejectssome basic tenets of conventionaleconomics for example that printing toomuch money causes inflation The newfinance minister Rodolfo Medina is thoughtto be more pragmatic Recent surveys haveshown that alongside the economy andshortages security is a major concern Thegovernment stopped publishingcomprehensive crime statistics in 2005though it does admit there is a problem Theattorneyshygeneral has said that Venezuelasmurder rate last year was 62 per 100000people ten times the global average The Venezuelan Violence Observatory anindependent research institute says the rate is higher The murder rate in Caracas is thehighest in the region for a countrys biggest city Countrywide 90 of murders gounpunished
The government tries to keep ordinaryVenezuelans ignorant of such demoralisingfacts through its domination of the mediaChaacutevez began the process of shutting downthe free press Mr Maduro has continued itOnly one national newspaper is relativelyindependent State television is filled withhours of proshygovernment propaganda MrMaduro his wife Cilia Flores and the formerhead of the National Assembly DiosdadoCabello all have their own weekly televisionshows Opposition politicians several ofwhom have been imprisoned depend uponsocial media to get their message out
Advertisement
Economist blogsBagehots notebook | British politicsButtonwoods notebook | Financial marketsDemocracy in America | American politicsErasmus | Religion and public policyFree exchange | EconomicsGame theory | SportsGraphic detail | Charts maps and infographicsGulliver | Business travelProspero | Books arts and cultureThe Economist explains | Explaining the world daily
Products and events
Test your EQTake our weekly news quiz to stay on top of theheadlines
Want more from The EconomistVisit The Economist eshystore and yoursquoll find a rangeof carefully selected products for business andpleasure Economist books and diaries and muchmore
Advertisement
Immigration andasylumMigrant men andEuropean women
Refugees in Germany Colognersquos aftershocksTaiwans presidential election The formidablechallenge facing Taiwans first female presidentThe Republican contest A wasted vote for JebBushSquabbling Democrats Hillary Clintonharangues the Bern at the fourth Democraticdebate
1
23
4
5
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 45
Classified ads
View all comments (22) Add your comment
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
The Economist explainsHow relations betweenCatholics and Jews haveimproved
Guessing game A newtype of prediction market
Although the regime has made that asdifficult as it can the oppositionrsquos election victory in December shows that democracy is stillalive
More from the Economist
Previous
Safeguarding nuclearmaterials from theft and
cybershysabotage How safeare countriesrsquo nuclear
Next
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
Share 66 10
Immigration policy Obamarsquosimmigration orders to be scrutinised bythe Supreme Court
bull The Economist explains The worriesabout Chinarsquos slowing growth
bull
The Economist explains Whathappened in the Thirty Years War
bull Tidying up The lifeshychanging magic ofsimplistic solutions to complex problems
bull
Easy on the ears Podcasts are gainingaudience but have yet to attract thebiggest advertisers
bull The origin of coal The rock that rockedthe world
bull
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 55
Senior Analyst(Humanitarian)
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Associate DirectorDeputy Head of hellip
Jobseconomistcom
CHIEFUNDERWRITINGOFFICER
Jobseconomistcom
Special Tribunal forLebanon
Chief PublicInformation andCommuhellip
Jobseconomistcom
Copyright copy The Economist Newspaper Limited 2016 All rights reserved
Sections
Debate and discussion
Blogs Research and insights
Contact us
Help
My account
Subscribe
Print edition
Digital editions
Events
JobsEconomistcom
Timekeeper saved articles
United StatesBritainEuropeChinaAsiaAmericasMiddle East amp AfricaInternationalBusiness amp financeEconomicsMarkets amp dataScience amp technologySpecial reportsCultureMultimedia library
The Economist debatesLetters to the editorThe Economist Quiz
Bagehots notebookButtonwoods notebookDemocracy in AmericaErasmusFree exchangeGame theoryGraphic detailGulliverProsperoThe Economist explains
TopicsEconomics AshyZStyle guideThe World in 2016Which MBAMBA ServicesThe Economist GMAT TutorExecutive Education NavigatorReprints and permissions
The Economist Group raquoThe Economist Intelligence UnitThe Economist Intelligence UnitStoreThe Economist Corporate NetworkIdeas People MediaIntelligent Life magazineRoll CallCQEuroFinanceThe Economist Store
View complete site index raquo
Contact us Help About us Advertise with us Staff Books Careers Site index
Accessibility Privacy policy Cookies info Terms of use
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 45
Classified ads
View all comments (22) Add your comment
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
The Economist explainsHow relations betweenCatholics and Jews haveimproved
Guessing game A newtype of prediction market
Although the regime has made that asdifficult as it can the oppositionrsquos election victory in December shows that democracy is stillalive
More from the Economist
Previous
Safeguarding nuclearmaterials from theft and
cybershysabotage How safeare countriesrsquo nuclear
Next
Daily dispatches Chinarsquosmarket mess
Share 66 10
Immigration policy Obamarsquosimmigration orders to be scrutinised bythe Supreme Court
bull The Economist explains The worriesabout Chinarsquos slowing growth
bull
The Economist explains Whathappened in the Thirty Years War
bull Tidying up The lifeshychanging magic ofsimplistic solutions to complex problems
bull
Easy on the ears Podcasts are gainingaudience but have yet to attract thebiggest advertisers
bull The origin of coal The rock that rockedthe world
bull
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 55
Senior Analyst(Humanitarian)
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Associate DirectorDeputy Head of hellip
Jobseconomistcom
CHIEFUNDERWRITINGOFFICER
Jobseconomistcom
Special Tribunal forLebanon
Chief PublicInformation andCommuhellip
Jobseconomistcom
Copyright copy The Economist Newspaper Limited 2016 All rights reserved
Sections
Debate and discussion
Blogs Research and insights
Contact us
Help
My account
Subscribe
Print edition
Digital editions
Events
JobsEconomistcom
Timekeeper saved articles
United StatesBritainEuropeChinaAsiaAmericasMiddle East amp AfricaInternationalBusiness amp financeEconomicsMarkets amp dataScience amp technologySpecial reportsCultureMultimedia library
The Economist debatesLetters to the editorThe Economist Quiz
Bagehots notebookButtonwoods notebookDemocracy in AmericaErasmusFree exchangeGame theoryGraphic detailGulliverProsperoThe Economist explains
TopicsEconomics AshyZStyle guideThe World in 2016Which MBAMBA ServicesThe Economist GMAT TutorExecutive Education NavigatorReprints and permissions
The Economist Group raquoThe Economist Intelligence UnitThe Economist Intelligence UnitStoreThe Economist Corporate NetworkIdeas People MediaIntelligent Life magazineRoll CallCQEuroFinanceThe Economist Store
View complete site index raquo
Contact us Help About us Advertise with us Staff Books Careers Site index
Accessibility Privacy policy Cookies info Terms of use
2012016 In graphics a political and economic guide to Venezuela Venezuela a nation in a state | The Economist
httpwwweconomistcomblogsgraphicdetail201601graphicsshypoliticalshyandshyeconomicshyguideshyvenezuela 55
Senior Analyst(Humanitarian)
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Director ofCorporateServices
Jobseconomistcom
Associate DirectorDeputy Head of hellip
Jobseconomistcom
CHIEFUNDERWRITINGOFFICER
Jobseconomistcom
Special Tribunal forLebanon
Chief PublicInformation andCommuhellip
Jobseconomistcom
Copyright copy The Economist Newspaper Limited 2016 All rights reserved
Sections
Debate and discussion
Blogs Research and insights
Contact us
Help
My account
Subscribe
Print edition
Digital editions
Events
JobsEconomistcom
Timekeeper saved articles
United StatesBritainEuropeChinaAsiaAmericasMiddle East amp AfricaInternationalBusiness amp financeEconomicsMarkets amp dataScience amp technologySpecial reportsCultureMultimedia library
The Economist debatesLetters to the editorThe Economist Quiz
Bagehots notebookButtonwoods notebookDemocracy in AmericaErasmusFree exchangeGame theoryGraphic detailGulliverProsperoThe Economist explains
TopicsEconomics AshyZStyle guideThe World in 2016Which MBAMBA ServicesThe Economist GMAT TutorExecutive Education NavigatorReprints and permissions
The Economist Group raquoThe Economist Intelligence UnitThe Economist Intelligence UnitStoreThe Economist Corporate NetworkIdeas People MediaIntelligent Life magazineRoll CallCQEuroFinanceThe Economist Store
View complete site index raquo
Contact us Help About us Advertise with us Staff Books Careers Site index
Accessibility Privacy policy Cookies info Terms of use
![[Cat] _ Radiografía de La Economía de Venezuela_ Inversiones en Desarrollo](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/56d6bf2b1a28ab3016952b11/cat-radiografia-de-la-economia-de-venezuela-inversiones-en-desarrollo.jpg)
