Upload
dinhanh
View
216
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Minutes of Focused Group Discussion on “Use of Resource Efficient Bricks
in Construction” (held at TERI, New Delhi on 9th November 2010)
The purpose of the meeting was to engage key stakeholder groups viz. public sector organizations
through a focused group discussion, to raise awareness and increase uptake of resource efficient
bricks (REBs) in northern India. At the outset, Mr Girish Sethi, Director, TERI welcomed the
participants and briefly outlined the project “Energy Efficiency Improvements in Indian Brick
Industry”. After brief introduction of the participants (see Annexure 1 for agenda and
Annexure 2 for list of participants), Mr N Vasudevan, Fellow, TERI made a detailed
presentation about the aforementioned project and its objective; activities undertaken by the
project etc (copy of the presentation attached as Annexure 3). Mr Sushant Baliga, Additional
Director General, CPWD moderated the discussions that followed.
Salient Discussion Points
(1) Regarding introduction of REBs in the Indian market
Mr Baliga in his opening remarks pointed out that mechanization is increasing in the brick sector
and different types of products are being used for construction now. He mentioned that green
concerns have also come forth with the ECBC (Energy Conservation Building Code). With the
possibility of ECBC becoming mandatory in the future , REBs can be advantageous and play an
important role as they have better insulation properties. He suggested that for promoting REBs,
one needs to take into account the cost of construction and the reduction in the load on air
conditioning. From the point of view of entrepreneur – it needs to be cost effective and for the
user – it needs to be the lesser fixed cost (construction cost). The challenge is to match both the
needs.
Since clay is required for agriculture and is becoming scarce, the example of Europe and USA was
cited by Mr. Pritpal Singh where with decreasing resources and increasing fuel cost, alternate
building material have become viable options. It was pointed out by Mr. Deepak Bansal that in
Europe and USA, the architecture is modular and standardized. But Indian situation is different
due to traditional construction practices in laying services and facilities. Following cases were
mentioned where the REBs have been used for construction:
Some builders, such as Three C Universal Developers Pvt Ltd, SPIRE Tech Park Pvt. Ltd
etc, are using hollow blocks in their buildings in NCR region and are able to sell their
properties at premium with a tag of environment friendly building.
Mr. J.K. Oberoi mentioned that Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority has
included perforated bricks in their tender document for construction of about 924 EWS
houses in Greater Noida. These bricks are being supplied mainly by M/s Sai Nath Tiles and
Bricks Pvt. Ltd.
Page 1 of 3
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) have
constructed boundary walls of their compounds in NCR with REBs and could realize
savings both in terms of cost and time for construction.
Mr. R.S. Prasad informed that CPWD had also successfully used FaLG (fly ash-lime-
gypsum) bricks in Vizag Steel Plant as load bearing walls.
(2) Regarding increased use of REBs
The discussions highlighted the fact that REBs need to compete with traditional hand moulded
bricks, mainly in terms of costs. To increase its use in general, vigorous marketing of this product
vis-à-vis traditional bricks needs to be undertaken. The group agreed on the advantages of using
REBs such as in many cases, plastering need not be done thus reducing usage of cement/mortar
and REBs give more carpet area as compared to solid bricks.
It was pointed out that main concern REBs are that (1) these are not readily available in the
market and (2) high initial cost. However, creating higher demand for REBs will help in reducing
the cost of production and hence the selling price. In order to build up the confidence level of
architects and contractors, it was suggested that CPWD may like to specify REBs as one of the
materials in its specifications for some new construction sites. The Additional Director General,
CPWD, Mr Baliga was supportive of this approach and suggested the project to approach them
along with test reports of REBs and other related material specifications, including the BIS norms
that are being followed. It was mentioned that CPWD in general take up products which are BIS
certified.
It was also agreed that capacity building is an important aspect for promoting REBs. In this
regard, TERI informed that the project is working out strategy with Weinerberger (one of the
largest manufacturers of REB products in South India) for training of masons.
Specific suggestions related to structural/civil engineering characteristics for promoting use or
REBs were made:
Work towards inclusion of use of different REBs for building constructions in the related
BIS codes (Mr. Adarsh Kumar)
Knowledge sharing on structural safety and mortar applicability aspects (e.g. IS 1905 : 1987
Code of Practice for Structural Use of Unreinforced Masonry) (Mr. Deepak Bansal).
Developing standards and guidelines for laying servicing/facilities like electric and
plumbing works in walls constructed using REBs (Mr. Deepak Bansal, Mr. Anshul Sharma).
Specific guidelines on use of REBs for non-load bearing boundary walls and their suitability
under load bearing structures (Mr. Deepak Bansal).
Suitability of REBs in zones susceptible to earthquakes (Mr. S.Baliga).
Page 2 of 3
(3) Next Steps
1. The group agreed that adopting resource efficient products will help in addressing climate
change issues as well as conservation of top soil. It was recommended that advantages of
these new products should be documented and disseminated. TERI will work with a few
manufacturers and users of REBs and prepare case studies documenting the advantages of
use of REBs in different construction sites.
2. Establish the use and stability of REBs in load bearing and non-load bearing structures/
walls. Institutes like CBRI (Central Building Research Institute) may be contacted for this
purpose.
3. It was pointed out that the next steps for market development of REBs in India should also
include working along with BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) for inclusion of different
REBs for building constructions in their codes that would further help in standardization of
REB production.
4. Undertake capacity building programs for masons for use of REBs.
Mr. S. Baliga summerised the discussions and Col. Rakesh Johri while proposing vote of thanks
assured the participants that the project will act upon the various suggestions that have been
made during the discussions.
Page 3 of 3
ANNEXURES
Annexure 1
Focused Group Discussion on Use of resource efficient bricks in construction sector
Date: Venue: November 09, 2010 11:00 AM to 01:00 PM
The Energy and Resources Institute Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110003 Telephone : 011-24682100, 2468 2111 Fax : 011-2468 2144, 24682145
AGENDA
11:00 – 11:10 Welcome and Introductory remarks Mr. Girish Sethi, Director, TERI
11:10 – 11:40 Background presentation Mr. N Vasudevan, Fellow, TERI
11:40 – 12:50 PM Focused Group Discussion
• Views of the Participants
To be chaired by Mr. Sushant Baliga, Additional Director General,
CPWD
12:50 PM – 1:00 PM Next Steps and Vote of thanks Mr. Rakesh Johri, Senior Fellow, TERI
1:00 PM – 1:45 PM
Lunch
Annexure 2
List of participants (in alphabetical order as name of organization)
Sr No. Organization Name Designation
1. Builders' Association of India, New Delhi
Mr S S Arora Executive Officer
2. CPWD Training Institute, New Delhi Mr Sushant Baliga Additional Director General
3. CPWD Training Institute, New Delhi Mr Adarsh Kumar SE (Training)
4. CPWD Training Institute, New Delhi
Mr Manohar Lal EE (Training)
5. Dadoo Brick Kilns Pvt Ltd, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Mr Sanjay Kumar Dadoo Owner
6. Dadoo Brick Kilns Pvt Ltd, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Ms Mihika Dadoo Owner
7. Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited, New Delhi
Mr Deepak Bansal
Assistant Chief (Projects)
8. Military Engineer Services, New Delhi Mr Ravi Sinha Director (Design)
9. Military Engineer Services, New Delhi Mr Anshul Sharma
Asst. Architect (AAO) Arch.
10. Punjab State Council for Science and Technology Chandigarh
Mr Pritpal Singh
Senior Engineer Consultancy Cell
11. Punjab State Council for Science and Technology Chandigarh
Mr Abhishek
Assistant Process Engineer
12. Sai Nath Tiles & Bricks Pvt. Ltd Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Mr J K Oberoi
General Manager
13. TERI, New Delhi Mr Girish Sethi
Director, IEE
14. TERI, New Delhi Col Rakesh Johri
Senior Fellow
15. TERI, New Delhi Mr R S Prasad
Consultant
16. TERI, New Delhi Mr Sachin Kumar
Fellow
17. TERI, New Delhi Mr Ananda Mohan Ghosh
Fellow
18. TERI, New Delhi Mr N Vasudevan
Fellow
19. TERI, New Delhi Mr Arupendra Nath Mullick
Research Associate
Annexure 3
Presentation by Mr N Vasudevan, Fellow, TERI
Focused Group DiscussionOn
Promoting Resource Efficient Brick Products
Energy Efficiency Improvements in Indian Brick Industry
N. VasudevanTERI
New Delhi
About TERI
An independent, not-for-profit research organization established in 1974
Pursuing activities related to energy, environment, and sustainable development
Staff strength of over 900 drawn from multidisciplinary and highly specialized fields
Great emphasis on capacity building and education. Set up TERI university in 1999 offering doctoral and master programmes
Based in New Delhi; regional centres in southern; western and north-eastern India; and staff presence in Japan and Moscow
Affiliate: TERI-NA in Washington DC, TERI-Europe in London, TERI-Gulf in Dubai
Indian brick industry
• Most popular building material
• Brick production : > 14,000 crore/year (2nd only to China)
• Annual turnover: > Rs 10,000 crore
• No of units: > 1.0 lakhs
• Employment: 80 to 100 lakh people directly linked
• Energy and Environment– Coal : 24 million tons (3rd largest in the country after power
and steel)– Biomass : 5-10 million tons– CO2 generation – 42 million tons– Top Soil: 350 million tonnes
• Main Product : Solid brick
Project summary• Project objective:
To make India’s major brick producing clusters more energy efficient
• Executing Agency – UNDP; Implementing Agency –MoEF, Responsible Partner –TERI
• Project focusing major brick producing clusters in different regions – East, West, North, South and North-East
• Project being implemented through 5 Local Resource Centres in each region
Local Resource Centres (LRCs)
PSCST
Varanasi
INP
Bangalore
TERI
Agartala
TSCST
Chandigarh
Ahmedabad
CEPT
Present scenario – demand side
• Indian construction industry is expanding with changed construction practices in and around urban areas– Bricks are increasingly
being used as screening material
• Niche market for value added products (facing bricks, brick pavers, hollow blocks, split tiles, etc.)
• Buyers expectation: supply better quality product in time
• Initiatives by Government of India to encourage green construction
Energy Conservation Act 2001 enacted
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)2007 launched
Star rating of existing buildings launched
Ministry of Power/Bureau of Energy Efficiency empowered to mandate ECBC
Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests/State Environment Impact Assessment Authority mandatory for all large constructions
Resource(energy,water) efficiency integral part of clearance
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources incentivises energy efficient buildings through its solar buildings program
National green building rating system “GRIHA” launched
National Action Plan on Climate Change
Mission on Sustainable Habitat
Convergence is crucial to implementation and mainstreaming
Policies/programs to mainstream green construction
Present scenario – demand side
• ECBC ( minimum efficiency standards for external walls ( ‘U’ values) for commercial buildings in all five climatic zones of country)– Initially implementation of the codes will be
voluntary but it will soon be made mandatory under the ‘Energy Conservation Act 2001’ forbuildings having connected load ≥ 500 KW
• Market is growing for these products but it needs policy back-up support
– Inclusion of REBs in the departmental specifications for future construction activities
– Inclusion of non-modular size products in the present specifications for perforated bricks (IS 2222:1989)
Present scenario – supply side
• Changed mindset of brick kiln entrepreneurs– Started adopting mechanisation– Investing in better green brick
making and firing technologies
• Production of Resource Efficient brick products (perforated bricks, hollow blocks, fly-ash products)
– However the perforations in the perforated bricks are not as per the BIS specifications
• Entry of international technology providers (e.g. Ceratec, De Boer, Verdes, Keramischer Ofenbau, Baoshang, etc.)
• Entry of Multinational brick producers e.g. Weinerberger
BIS specificationsSolid brick Perforated brick Hollow brick
BIS code IS: 1077 – 1992 IS: 2222 – 1989 IS:3952 – 1988
Size Modular 190 x 90 x 90
Non- modular230 x 110 x 70
190 x 90 x 90
290 x 90 x 90
190 x 190 x 90
290 x 90 x 90
Compressive strength
Class designation 3.5 – 35
Not less than 7.5 on net area
Not les than 3.5
Water absorption
Not more than 20 % Upto class 12.5 Not more than 15 % for higher classes
Not more than 15 % Not more than 20 %
Area of each perforation should not be more than 500 mm2Area of perforation should be between 30 – 45 % of corresponding face of brick
Web and shell should not be less than 10 mm and 15 mm respectively
Product DetailsSolid brick (Hand made)
Perforated brick Hollow block
BIS code IS: 1077 – 1992 Non - BIS IS: 2222 –1989
IS:3952 –1988
Non - BIS
Size 230 x 110x 70 230 x 110x 70 190 x 90 x 90 190 x 190 x 94
200 x 200 x 100
Perforation (%)
3 holes @ 1 “ dia(6 % )
3 holes @ 1 “ dia - 9 % (15 %)
3 holes @ 35 x 55 mm –32 %(Max 63 %)
8 holes @ 30 x 30 mm(36 % )
Weight (kg)
2.7 3 2.9 4.75 4.75
Comp. St.(N / mm2)
16.9( 3.5 - 35)
34 28.6 ( Min. 7.5)
6 ( Min. 3.5)
6.7
Water abs. (%)
13.3 (Min 15 / 20)
7 7.6 (Max 15)
10 (Max 20)
7.5
Rate (per piece)
2.8 4 4.3 12 10.5
Advantages of REBs• Producer
– Energy savings upto 20%– Reduced top soil consumption of about 30%
• User– Improved crushing strength – Reduced water absorption (< 10%)– Better finishing of fired bricks– Reduction in construction costs (5-7%)– Reduced cooling/ heating load requirements
(~5% in energy bills)– Building envelope optimisation can
result in 12 % reduction in energy consumption
– Better insulation of wallsU - value of hollow brick walls are 25
% lower than common solid brick
Energy saving by use of hollow bricks*
3 room air-conditioners of 1.5 ton (operating 6 hrs. / day for 200 days)
3 room air-conditioners of 1.5 ton (operating 12 hrs. / day for 200 days)
Annual electricity consumption
7200 kWh / year 14400 kWh / year
5 % savings by use of hollow brick walls
360 kWh / year 720 kWh / year
Annual CO2 savings (EF 0.84 kg of Co2 / kWh)
302 kg CO2 / year 604 kg CO2 / year
•Simulation results extrapolated for composite climate of Delhi
(Nayak and Prajapati, 2006)
Future Scenario• Brick industry (in the vicinity of urban areas) is
expected to undergo a major transition
– Up gradation in process technology
• Moulding (semi-mechanized)• Drying (under shed, artificial)• Firing (better annular kilns, Tunnel kilns etc.)
– Large capital investments
– Organised, permanent, year round operation
– Diversification of products
– Partial substitution of manual labour with mechanical power/electricity
Issues for Discussion
• Have REBs been included in the departmental specifications?
• If these are not included, are you interested to include these in departmental specifications?
• Procedure for inclusion of these products in the departmental specifications
• Steps you would recommend to project for promotion of these products
• What kind of support of policy interventions do you envisage that can promote sustainable use of REBs in India
Indian Institute of Management - Lucknow Perforated BricksPerforated Bricks
Dr. Manmohan SahaiMaidagin, Varanasi
Extruded Clay hollow blocks
Extruded clay Hollow Blocks
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Dr. Manmohan SahaiMaidagin, Varanasi
WATER PIPE LINE DUCTING
ELECTRIC Ducting in hollow blocks
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
Source: JAISIMFOUNTAINHEAD
THANK YOU