No. 2~-VOL.-L1

FRIDA\',

29TII MAY, 1953

l ..4ltn11 .t 11, C1'.O• • t a &w.,.,.,

Price 6d.

IN 0IA--NOPINION

Founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1903

The Challel1geWhite SOllt11

FacingAfrica

He who has trllth at his

l!Car! 7lud 11cvcr fear tire

.' tuanl of persuasion fll his

!onguc~John Ruskin.

Since fuars bc;;ill III tile

.millds of mal, il is 111 Ille

millds 0/ mell tile de/cllccs

.of peace tIlust be (011­

strlteted..!..Conltitution Of United

Nations.

*

6 6eIVI LIZATIONS come to birth and proceed to grow by sUc·cessfully responding to successi\'c challenges, and the \Vhitepeople of South Africa are facinR such a challenge at the

present time, co~fronted by a racial situation probably unique in humanhistory," Prof. J. H. "'ellington, of the University of the \Vitwatcr~rand,

said at Founders' Day at the \Vilberforc~ Institute, Johannesburg, lastweek.

Professor \Vellington s.lid lh:lt nobody could say what course evolu·tion would take in the Continent of Africa. If, however, civilization failedto meet n challenge with which it was confronted, it would br.lke down andgo to pieces.

"There :lre some who feel that the great civilization of \VesternEurope must be maintained at all costs, even perhaps at the cost of tryingto hold in check the progress of the African.

"One might as well try to stop the progress of a mighty railroadtrain by throwing one's body across the track as to try to stop the growthof the world in the direction of giving mankind more iutelligence, moreskilJ, more liberty, and in the direction of e;~tending more sympathy andmore brotherlr kindness.

"\Vhen we try to stop the progress of any individual or any humangroup we arc fighting against the sun, the moon, th~ stars and the wholecreation but when we seck in active goodwilJ to further the prog-ress,even of those we perhaps have some re<l~on to fear, we work with theCreator Himself."

As a member of the European racial group, he rea/ired thata great responsibility rested upon the \Vhite people of SouthAfrica.

"At the moment in a dominant position, we are all too liable tobe filled with pride in our achievements, forgetting that in the courseof evolution the great, massive creatures of by-gone times who seemedto tower abo\'c their more lowly fellow reptil.es were passed by in thescheme of creation."

One of the great obstacles to racial understanding and harmonyin South Africa was the lack of knowledge of each otht:r as humanbeings.

"To know one another' as human Leings with feelings, aspirations,hopes, fears, sins and all tht: other concomitants of human nature,requires something more than casual contact," he said.

FRIDAY. 29TH MAY. 1953

INDIAN

long Live The Queen

INDIANOPINION

29th Hay, ItsJ

orders served by the Minis·ter of Justice on Dr. Naick­er and other leaders in tbeTransvaal both of tbe In­dian community and tbeAfrican community, prac­tically all the leaders havebeen deprived of their (ree­dom of speech and move­ment. There is also a banon public meetings when­ever such meetings are pro·posed to be held. So phy­sically the GoveJnment feelscontented in having incapa­citated us. One thing theGovernment has not suc­ceeded in doing and willnever succeed in doing is toban the people's soul. Thisphysical ban will give peoplean opportunity to acquirea knowledge of the soulwhich mankind is sorelyin need of. Mankind hassucceeded in gaining victoryover all material things.It has discovered the Atombomb and the Hydrogenbomb and now almost suc­ceeded in reaching the uptill­now unsurmountable height3of Mount Everest. Howvery wonderful J But whatshall be gained when theseheights have been reached?Just empty space; not theKingdom of Heaven. Andthat which is within our­selves no scientists bavesucceeded in dj,caverin,nor aided humanity to doso. "What shall it profita man who gains the whole.world but loseth his ownsoul?"

\Ve non-Europeans inSouth Africa who baveplaced our faith in Truthand Non-violence and haveaccepted those as ourweapons h~ve no reason tobe disheartened. If ourfaith remains unshakenthose divine weapons willwork in inscruitable waysand baffle their deadliestopponent. One thing ,theyneed to remember is that todiscover the soul and allowit to work they will have toundergo a c1eansinJr pro-,;

the up.bringing of theirchildren. To bc courteousto all was among the Vl:ryfir9t lessons the child usedto be taught. In the pre­9cnt generation unfortunate­iy there is a hopeless lackof it. That is why a thingthat should be natural-inborn in all human beings-isnow thought of once in awhile. Recently it has be·come a prclctise to think ofit and to take particular careabout practicing it just fora week and then to forgetit the rest of the 51 weeks.What utter sham and hypo·cricy? And in Apartheid­ridden South Alric'j onc.finds apartheid even in thepractic.e of Courtesy. These

'advocates of Courtesy \Neekshould know that this super­ficial observance of Courtesyfor a we~k will take usnowwhere. \Ve are livingin an age in which discour­tesy is abounding. It carrieswith it the seed of War. Itis a deadl}' germ which re­quires drastic means to rootout of soci~ty, It rCCluiresto be treated from the topdownwards. Let the legis­lators examine the lawsthey have enacted. Apart­heid laws are the height ofdiscourtesy to a whole na­tion, If we were all reallycourteous to one another. asindeed we should always be,the present discontent inthe country would not bethere and all would be livingin peace and happiness.This Courtesy Week is apositive proof .of how un­civilised, unculture~ and de·generated we have become.To our utter shame it willonly serve as a record inhi:story for our future gene.ration to see how discour­teous their forefathers were.

Ban or Leaders

W ith ~he AppellateCOUrt's decisionin'the case of Dr.

Moroka. Dr, Dadoo andothers and with the banning'

OPINION

that the Europeans Coln en·joy. They may do justwhat the privileged Euro·peans bid them do. Thosewhom the)' look upon astheir respected leaders andguides arc tl eated as pri.soners. A ban has becnplaced on thcir freedom ofspeech and movement forthe only crime of notbcing Europeans. They aretherefore rather in mourningthan anything else. Theirsoul is deeply woundedowing to this wanton assaulton it. They cannot in thecircumstances be expectedto be jubilant much as theyshould like to be. It doesnot therefore however meanthat the}' are lacking inthei r lo}'alty and affectionfor the QiJeen. If they can·llotexprcss it outwardly Hermajest), can be aSSLI red of itexisting in their innermosthearts.

Courtesy Week~HIS is supposed toU be Courtesy Week,

Courtesy has becomesuch' a rare commodity thatwe can think of it and prac­tice it only once in a while.'There were times whencourtesy was taught whenthe child was }'et in itsmother's womb. The mothermay not do evil nor eventhink evil lest the child mayget its j impress on it.Perhaps that is going a bit1(\0 far, though among usIndiulls it is a commonb~lief and it has a greatdeal of truth In it. But thismuch is undeniable that theparents at one time used totake parlicular care OlboUl

:Ua

JJ UNE 2 will b:: a greatday [or Great Britainand the Comlllon·

wealth. There will be lin·precedelltcd jubilation inhonour of the Coronationof Queen ElizalH.:th. AsIndians we feel proud offact that rndia for the I'll sttime in her two hundrecycars' histor}' will participatein the celebrations not asBritish El1lpire'~ hand·maidbut as a free and independ·ent nation. As part of IndiaIndians throughout SouthAfrica and the world willpay homage to the Queenand pra}' that the mercifulGod mw showcl' I lis bless·ing upoh her th.lt she maylive long and that her reignmay bring re,11 peace andhappiness to Britain and tothe world for which human·ity has been yearning fornearly half a CCntlll y. Thepr~}'er of eyer)' Indian man,Woman and child will goout to her gracious l\Iajtst}.

~ As wc have already s~at~din a previous issue we In­dians in South Africa standin a peculiarlr unhappyposition of not being ableto express our jo}' outward.Iy as we would h:t~c.: Iihdto as we arc deniell theright :lnd privilege todo so unsistenl1)' with Ournational honour and self.respect. Man)' will parti­cipate in the celebrationsnot with an inner feeling ofjoy and happiness as theywould have liked to. Forin this country all non·Euru­peans are treated under theState laws as semi· humanbeings. They rna}' not cn­joy the rights and privileges

29th May, 195~ fNblAN OPINION J19

MORAL RE-ARMAMENT

cess. Their hearts must becleansed of :..11 evils. Tht:ymust become pure III

thou~ht word and deed.These are not empt}' wor,ds.The worldly weapons willnor avail them. It is onl}'the spiritual wcapon whichwill help them and that

requires absolutc purity ofmind alllI he,ll t which canbe achicved by renouncingall material things and bycomplete dedication to God.One who fears God fearsno m:ln. Unless we culti­,'ate that Icarlcssncss wc

'shall ncver succeed.

maining forces o!'Empire domlna­t:oo, but those who keep in closetouch Wilh world affairs can seethei, approachin~ end.

One of the greatest founders ofthe new world was MahatmaGandhi, who, like his formerteacher Tolstoi of Russia, wasnot allowed to see the great worldtransformation that is 10 comebased on the policy of non-via.lence and the resources of theworld enjoyed by aII its people.

If tbat is what Moral Re-Arma-

ment means surely they are weicome in S:>uth Africa where su:ha policy at tbe mOment is in gre Il

need. Coming from the \VesternWorld lbe populJr enemy No I Iis of course Communism which isnon-existent as an octive forc<: inSoulb Africa. But, as we lJaveindicated, lh<:re still exists:I much m"re formidable forcein this country which shouldreceive their altention-to betaught moral principles rathertbat such wicked deeds.

By WILFRED H. HARRISON

BLOEMFONTEIN, Friday, May 22.

APPEAL BY MOROKA, DADOO AND'18 OTHERS DISMISSED

On the facts of the present case,it was argued, the scheme in whichthe appellanls took part aimedonly at the repeal of ccrtainselected laws by bwful processand was n H, therdore an objectof Communi,m as defined by theAct.

Rejecting these contentions, theAppeal Courl confirmed theappellants' conviction and the sus­pended sentence of nine months'imprisonment with compulsorylabour imposed on each of them

The Dames of the other appel­lants are:

Walter Max Sisulu, secre:ary.general of the African NationalCongress; David Wilcox Bopape,secretary of the TunsvJal bra ncbof the African National Congress.

Rissik H. Desai, editor of'Spark' and joinl secretary of theTransvaal IndIan Youth Can'gress.

James George Phillips, Chair­man of thc non European sectionof the Garment Workers' Union.

N. S. ThaDdray, joinl secretaryof the Transvaal Indian Congress'

Stephen Emphraim Sello, secre­tary of the African National Con.gress and Isiah MacD':lDaldMaseko, chairman of tbe Orlandobranch of the African NltionalCongress Youth League.-S A.Press Association.

THE app:al of Dr. James S.S. Moroh, Dr. Y. M. Dadoo

and 18 others, wbo were convictedin the Supreme Court, johallnes.burg, on ~ cbarge of contraveningthe Suppression of CommunismAct, was dismissed by the AppealCourt today.

It was allegpd that the accusedadvocated a scheme which aimedat hringing about political, in­dustrial, social or economiccb~nges witbin the Union byroeans wbicb included unlawfulacts or omissions.

Tbe unlawful acts, omissionsand threats relied on by the pro­secution were contraventions byNatives, Asiatics and Colouredpeople of Union laws nr regula­tions or municipal by-laws re­Iatine to the carrying of passesand permits by Native" the enter­ing of Native locations under theconlrol of municipalities withoutpermits, the limitation of slock inNative areas, tbe entry of Asia ticsinto certain provinces withoutpermission, tbe sepu3te facilitiesprovided for the exclusive usc ofEuropeans and non-Europeans ontrains, r3ilway st3tions and inpost offic:s, the eSlablishment ofGroup Areas, the registration ofthe population of the Union, andthe suppression of Commun·ism.

Ir had been conlended for theaccused on appeal that tbe objectof the legislature in tbe Suppres­sion of Communism Ace was tosuppress the Communist P3:ty ofSoutb Africa and to prohibitCommunistic activities carried onby adherents of the doclrine ofMarxian socialism Or related formsof that doctrine.

The legislature could neverhave intended, it was maintained,to apply the drastic penalties pre­scrib:d by the Act 10 personsengaeed in a wide varIety ofaClivities which bad nothing what­ever in Commun with the doctrineof Marx13n socialism or with anyrelated form of that doctrine.

This all seems 10 indicate andalso to deliberately show, thaIthere is much more scope andreal necessilY for cor.version ofthe man-of the people-who callthemselves Christians, who are ingreater need of social and moralprinciples tbe Moral Re-Arma­ment people claim 11 is theirpurpose, they say, to lap our socialconscience and make us good,klDd people to our fellow beings.The world now abounds withsuch people, most of our politi­ticuns who help in all the mur­derous war, and grant funds forthat purpose, are often the mostpious people who atlend thdrchurch and kneel in pious prayer.They are also often ideal husbandsand kindly £athert. Our livesand our actions l:re dominated byour malerial surroundIng.

War has become more brutaland murderous because it is:lcccpted as the traditional way ofsettling international disputes ornalional rivalrY-Who allow theirprofessional military forces, anyinbuman tactics, to obtain con.quest, while the suffering in­habirants nf the various countrieslook complacently and stupidlyon. During the conflicts peoplebecome more piau>, churchesmultiply, as also do the commonpeople in their prayers. Many ofwhom often pray tbat their ownforces will conquer tbeir Cbris­tian brotbers, now their enemies,and their parsons aid them asadvisers or combatants to do so.

Good kind people line thebattle fronts on botb sid es. Thegreat beroes are they who cangain an advance even at the costof many lives for which this arcoften decorated "For Valour" indoing so. We are all victims ofa vicious system which has beenallowed to drift into such inhumandevices for national supremacy ormalerul gain. Empires who haverisen and fallen in various parIsof tbe globe are now a spentforce. The world is now awareof its gruesome hislory. Thereforeits dictators are now being bstoverthtown. We ar: at themoment still suffering tbe re-

THERE h~s recently ~rrived inSouth Afric~ an International

School calling themselves thethe "Moral Re·Armament TaskF.lrce." Their chief purpose is:• To convert the Communists"­Communism me~ns according tothe Marxi~n thesis-"The Com­mon or Social o~ nership andcontrol of all the necessaries oflife, to be usrd jn the interest andfor the service of the whole com­munit)·." 'Vhat virtues then havethey for Communists to acquire,or wh~t evils must they eradicateto make possible that noble pur·pose '(

There are, we know manyschools of people who call them­selves Communists, who adopttactics' of a milit~nt character,quite contrary to the moral andethica"l standards that purposemuns. Therefore corrupting itsreal meaning.

Likew;se the Christians whosemottn is the Golden Rule: "Dounto others, as you would theyabould do unto you." .Yet mostof the EuropuQS of South Africacall themselves Christians, Evennur Prime Minister is a Doctorof Divinity a supposed mostreverend person.

Recently the good Doctor at­t~nded the opening ceremony,with other mining magoates, oftbe plant for tbe production ofuunium in Johannesburg, atwbich he spoke in glowing termsof our new hun-J industry. Yetbe must bave known that uraniumis used for no other purpose thancruting atomic bombs for modernwarfare of inhuman destructiC'n ofinnocent people.

Also our Government, of whichhe is the head, has graoted a loanof £40.000,000 for armament in apossible third world war Theseare the cruel and murderoustactics of the professed Christians"ho claim as their molto theGolden Rule. In £act it is morewicked than anytbing we haveyet heard from any type of Com·l1Iunists. These same Christiansluve adopted a pohcy of segrega­tion. Yet their Christ !ays Hcwill svccour all men:

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2'th May, 1953 INDIAN OPINION 331

THE WIDER WORLDBy JOHN GILD

THE FRANCHISE

. HANNOr~'S DETECTLVE AGENCY (PTY.) LTD.Man.t;;ln~ Dltedor: O. HANNON, <enntcen }CBrS Royal Irisb Conslllbolary

lod OimlnAl In.estl~UonDep:>tlmenl, S.A. PoUee.i\fallOl1": ~tlN~EN PLIDILEY., esc.Hendon Pollee College lUld CrimInal

In'ntigsl!oo Depnrlmmt, Ne" Scotland Yard, Lon~on.Olmla.I, CommercIAl lUld I\btrlmonlal lnnstll:3liollJ CArrleil 001

In Stric:lest Confidence.

- 11 IZ Pu'r•• CU..l"n. Jrppr SIr«t; P.O. Bo. 5199 Joh,.."harr'nc...;- Ollie<: 22·1771. Mltrh••,,: 24.4544.

CAUSE OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

upon in order to provide the fut!story. And hc will be ablc tocompare the fate of Soulh AfricanIndians with that w!:ich befellotbers in v:lrious British color.ie~

in Africa. :md in Asia, Whetherbe is discussins; legal disa.1:'- ': .. iesor politica.l slalUs or economicopportunitics, Mr. Kondapi :li",ayskeeps :l~ alert eye on the realitiesof the mailer. He writes in asober style all the more lellin~

because bc does not aim to pro­duce emotional eITeets. The lastchapler, devoted to "suggestionsfor the future." IS ralhcr dis­:lppointing, H:lvin~ shown howthe insatiable demand for cheaphbour encouraged Indian immi­gration, the author might h3,'econsidered more fullv whatchangcs in the prevJilinf, systemof econ,)mic production :lre re·quired before Indbns can enjoysocial justice in their :ldoptedcountrier. None the lese, this isa great book worthy of its tre·mendous subject. It must find apbce in evcry public library.

ever, tbat it must not t>c for­gotton that otber fcclors mayfnvour development of highblood prcssure. Amonf: themarc nn unbalanced diet nneIover indulaence in certain foods.Then cerlain di~cascs of thebeart and kidneys m"y brinf:on high blood pr~ssuro as eneffect ratber tban a Cluse.

"Tbe tesl remedy for hiJlhb100u pressure," oLsern' thewrilers, "is nn adju;lmcnt of tbepntienl's outlool: on life sothat he or she may escapepe,sisleDt emotiooal SlrCl5eSand Dn:deties which :lre ifqmnin causer. A re~sollalle

amount of relazntion is rs·scntial, taking real holidaysfrom tbe warrie, of bu~ines;

or profession or other occupa.tion. It is also neceHary toobse:ve moderation in dietSummed up we must try t~altaio a ceeleiD degrec of calmand cquanimity of outlook.

"II suitable remet arllapplied in time," conclude thedoctors, "tbere is no need fClrundue worry nbout tbis dreadeddisease of high t:lood pressure."

:It last begun 10 :lSsert a foreignpolicy of her own, America mayfind itself isobled and witboutreal :lilies if its present course ismaintained.

A Great BookIndian! "ligrated from India

to a do:::en different countries inthe course of the last century. Acomprebensive survey of howthese emigr~nts fared b:ls recentlybeeD published in a large :lndnotable work, "Indians Overse:ls,1838-1949" by C. Kondapi (Ox­ford University Press, 35s.) The~uthor, who is assistant seerelaryof the Indian Council of WorldAffairs in New Drlhi, has takenimmense p3ins to make his studycomplete and accurate, and hedeserves to be complimented onthe result.

A South African reader natural·ly turns to tbose pages that recordwhat happened 10 Indians inNatal and the Transvaal. He willlind that ~1I lhe blue book> andother records have been drawn

H IGH blooc! pressure is theprice which rich industrial·

ists often pay for their director­ships aod the r" .alty whichworried sa-Iesmen POlY for theirhigh commission, says DoctorCorneille Hermans, professorof pharmacolo;;:y at the Uni.venity or Ghent. and DoctorP. RatDi\swami, professor ofsocial medicine. Madras MedicalCollege, in n joiot article in tbecurrent issue of the Worll!Health Organisation Newsletterstates the 'Natal Daily Ne ;vs'London Corrcspondent,. Blood pressurp.. say thewriters, is also an ajded bur­den to the clerk. wbo feelslbat be canoot hold down hisjob, Of the former who iswo: ried nhout tbe failure ofhis o;rop' aDd bis rising tice01 debt.

"It is true everywhere inEurope anit America," obser\'etbe writers, "Ih'lt bil?h 1,loodpressure bas become ODe of Ihemajor kilJioll: disease9, and tbatI his disease is cenerally as.sociated ",i'h tbe emotional~tresses anil anxieties of modernl:vir·c."

Doclor Tl'ymans and DoclorR~tna~.. pmi point out, bow-

the actual constitution :md hoI\' itworks. South Africa could be­come a republic :lnd yet remainin the Commonwealtb, 3S Indiadid in 19~9. Indeed, that mightwell be :I sensible ~olution of thequestion iD a country with repub­lican as well as rOy31 traditions toconsider. No doubt when thetime is ripe; Mr. Strydom will,beshrewd enough to take this stepof declaring a republic but re­maining \'lithin the Common­wealth, thus taking the wind outof his opponent's sails. WhetherMr. Strydom will a:;;lJ let theUnion remain as much of :1 demo­cracy as it still is-that is quiteanother mallcr. Those who want'to defend demoer3tic forms ofgovernment ought not to getinvolved in issues tbat are purelysentimental.

The Dirty WarFrance's "dirty war" in Indo­

China may yet replace Korea asthe limited local w:lr kept going inthe interests of the armamentsand other heavy industries. Thiswar is seven years old'and every­one knows that sooner or bterFrance, hke Britain, will be drivenout of Asia. The war has alreadycost Ft3nce more than three anda half billion dollars and the livesor 30,000 French soldiers. TheUnited States is, of course, pay­ing half tbe cost of the war.Without American ~id, Francewould have long ago been defeat.ed and puce restored to tbeseunhappy puts. Among otherAsian counlries, such as India,the cause of the Viet Minh ispopubr aod (hat of tbe Frenchdetested as an attempt to revivea discredited colonialism. Thereluctant steps taken by theFrench to transfer some at.tborityto regimes of tbeir own creationin Cambodia and Laos weresbarply criliCised in Asia andlndia bas refused to recogni::etbese puppet governments.

China and Russia, on the otherbaod, bave bOfh recogni::ed theGovernment of Ho Chi·minh astbe legitim 'e regime i:l Indo.China :lOd they have excbangeddiplomatic representation withtbat Go,'ernment. There is thusaD open breach between tbe Westand the Rest over the queslion ofIndo·Cbina.

Durio!} bis e1eclion campaignlast year, President Eisenhowerdeclared tbat part of his policywould be to "let Asians fightAsians." This cynical remarkbas dOD: tbe United States end.less barm. Now tbat Britain has

THE problem of :1 suit~bk :1ndequitable fr~nchise Jaw for

sOuth Afrio is now uDder dis­cussion in some circles. Yet itseems to me an :1cademic issuemore likely to divide friends thanto strengthen their friendship.In the first ph~, it would requirea two·thirds majority in parlia­ment to make any-change in theprClent francbise hw affectingAfric:1os. This is true whelberthe cbange was towards :1 com­moo roll or simply to increasefrom three to, say, six or ten tbenumber of members speciallyelected by AfriQns to the Houseof Assembly. Now the oDly pur·pose for which a two·thirdsmajority is likely to be obtain~ble

in tbe foreseeable future is todiminisb, not to enbrge, Africanpolitical rights. Neither of themajor political p'arties has thesligbtest intention of even dis­cussing witb Congrug leaders theproblem of tbe franchise. Thatis wby Cocgress need not nowdewre whether it would be will·ing to accept a franchise lo~:led

al:ainst noc-Europeans by meansohn educ:llion lesl (I bope thai noone on our side will ever considera property test, ,...hich is whollyunccason3ble and un-demoCt"atic).What Congress must assert isthat new francbise laws shouldDot be based on race; that is, tbeyshould apply equally to all regard·less of race or sex. If Ihat gre.. tprinciple is kept firmly in mind,it can become a great unifyingforce. It is tbe "ital principle onwbicb the Charter of the UnitedNatioos was established, andwhich is accepted, at least intbeory, by the sixty nations th~t

belong to the organisation.

Whose Republic?There is a good deal of woolli­

ness when tbe question of 3

ccpublic is argued. N.lulians are,of coursr, notorious for theirsentimental attachment to tbemagic of monarchy. No doubttbis sentiment also affects otberEnglisb-speaking people in ourcountry. But nowadays I findmany people ready to oppose tbeidea of a republic !imply beCausetbe • N~tionalisls are known tow~nt it. Such people bave gotconfused in their own mindsabout tbe relation of a republic toa dictatorship. Tbe fact is thattbe establishment of a republicwould not nece!suily and of itselfbring us nurer to dictatorship.Conversely, 3 1L0narcbical formof government is no guarantee ofdemncracy. What is important is

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OP.INIONINDIAN332

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Published as 5p~iBl Number of !~DlA~hOl'INtON to coa:­memorate the altainmrnt of Freedom by India.

Printed Oil lIrt pllper nnd profusely illustrated.With historic pictult's conoected wil b Iodia's struggle foFreedom and with photos of Ihe late Dadabhai Naoroji, Tilal­GokhBII', Subash Bo-;e and many otbers who have 5acrificedtbeir lives in 6~htinl: for freedom aDd of Mahatma GandhiPaodit lawBbarJal Nehru and ma'oy othels who bave lived

to ~e tbe fruils o( their labour.

'Iso ronl~in;n2' 11 hrief SUn"fY 01 I~e ""or' 01 tbe IndianNtltionlll Congrrss frrm tbe lime of its inception.

]9th May, 1953 INDIAN OPINION ~ 33

WRITING: in tbe ·.,atd differeoce il ob~:· ~a!Jle u be>"Daily New,' about rree tween Maori aDd P"kehoj dIffer.

relations in New Zealand Mr. eDce in ,kill aLI! dlli~ence isMaurice Webb .tates: State belwe~n individual a&d indl­Ichools Are attenlled by Maori vidual. The only general state­and Pakeha (\\'h\te) children, ment I heard was that Maorisaltbough in lome Breall where write belter EDglish.Maoris predominate tbere are New Zealand con!ro1s the dis.scboolll that have only Maori tlibution of Hs Dational incomepupils. partly by >'lace regulations,

Manri. are employed lIS teact:· partly by its far-rellching socialen in tbe State scboolll on tbe security me~sures. In all oflame terms and under the same tbese Maori and Pakeba patti.conditions ab Pakeba. A Pakeha cipate without dtlIereotiation.prolenor in one of Ne" Zec· I visited a pleasant cottage,land's university Colleges told nel"ly built, in which lived an:e tbat his cbildren, attending Maori widow, one of the oldthe local State school, bad both Maoris with tattooed cbin. SheMaori and Pakeha lteachers but Will able to live in her pleasantthey liked the MaorI .:eacherll Cotta ge nnil to purchase it bybetter. instalments out of ber old.age

New Zealand has wage and pension.employment ttgulatious that The Maori is subject to noensure all worker. a minimum c010ur bar as we know it inwage for a 4o-hour week. All Sooth Africa. He can and doesluch regulatioos apply equally enter aU the ski1led trade~ andto Maori p~d Pakeba. professions, he can enter aod

I visil . clothing factory rise in the public selvice OD theelIlp10yio~ .nut equal numberl same terms as tbe Pakeha."f Maori ~ d Pakeha; also a This principle of equality ofrelephone excbange where there opportunity appears to be firmlywere abollt equal numl:ers of entrenched in New Zealand Weswitchboard operators. and thougbt. Knowing that in

In each case I was told by lome places there had been eJ;:­the persons in charge tbat tee- pr~,ions of anti- Yaori feeling,sian between Maori and Pakeha however .light and unrepru~r:­

is unknown. Such dfvisions or tative, t asktd if thele were notjealousies .that.do occur do' not a datlger of this feeling beingfollow raclalline'l Itimulated and exploited for

All emp10yeel receive the· ·political ends.same wage when they start AI Adherents of bo h politicallel-rnen. Promotion is ,trictly partie. Ilssured me that aLyaccording to ability; in this no political party that attempted

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By Mr. C. Rpiagol'alach:trl

T:lles from the great epic toldwilb an artistry which preservesthe charm of tb e original epic.

Pages 400. Price 17 6

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'Indian Opinion,'P. Bag, Phoenix.

Natal.

to mat':e diffrrenlialion Again'ttbe Maori a platform would beswept from public life by tbee1eclorn te.

In the politicnl field tbere i.a measure of separation tbat ilsuhject to criticism and maypresently disappear. Fun Maorislife registered 00 B separate rolland elect four members to theHouse of Representatives.

This was DO douht designedto ensure tbat at least fourMaoris would sit in Parliameot.

Half Maoris can choose wbet.her to /to on the Moari or thePokeha roll. The cboice is eo­tirely theirs :lnd is subject to DOelectoral officer.

In nddition, any Maori canstand for election in PatebacOllstituencies. Maoris havebecD elected in predominantlyPokehn constituencies against0ppoDents. Maoris have playeda lull part ill the political lifeof New Zealand, have beenCabinet Ministers, aDd, in thecase of Sir Jomes Carroll, heli'the ('ffice of Acting Pnme Min­ister.

The position of tbe Maoribeiog what it is, a South Afri~

can, havin:: in mind his ownNative AlIe irs Department, asks,"Why should therl.' be a Depart­ment of ?lhori Aiiairs]" 'theanswer Cl'nlrrs on land.

By selliD~ land to Pakebl1col,·\ iSI~ or speculaton or bepcause "f Mllr>ri .ribal CUstOlD ofland ioherllnnce uoder wbich,in tim.., a Maori became partowner of a piece of laud toosmall to be of economic use, tbltMaori was threateoed withlandlessness. He had to beprotecte,1 from the unscrupu!O\l1Pakeba.

Aha it becRme necessary thatland shoule! he held in trust andu~ed for lho benefit of Maoriowners too numerous for theland to bo divided and useI'!individu3l1y.

MAHABHARATA

BLACKS ANDZEALAND

toms although no one desired areturD or continuance of tbe bar·baric practices, pagan beliefs andsuperstitious fears of the primi.tive Zulu.

The discipline inculcated in theyoun~, however, was particularlyadapted to their needs and filledthem mu••• beller into the socia1str~cture than the tbin veneerof Westernisation they had beenable to acquire.

Courtesy was hammered intothe child by all and sundry untilhe bebme one of those admiredand respected by White andBlack, a Zulu gentleman of theold school. Not many of thesewere found today becau3e thelaw of the European convicted aman of assault if be beat another'schild.

Courtesy was f:lr more thanrefraining from discourtesy, as itwas as important to acknowledgeit as to practise it. If we boretbis in mind in dealing with non·Europeans they would show acorresponding increase in tbesense of responsibility towardsthe White man.-'Natal Mercury.!

ON

the White man received thosebenefits.

Mr. Biebuyck said the Zulu waspll%ded and did not know bowto lit into European society. Heattempted to be polite and well­mannered after tbe ways of his,ace and was accused of beillginsolvent. He began to feel thatcourtesy was a one sided affair.He found European i~eas ofconrtesy comple lely contr:ldictoryto those practised by his ownpeople at borne. If he fell be­twten the two standards of be·haviour be becamc a "tsolSi," arough creature who lived animal·like, pleying on bis fe!!t ws anddisliked by :Ill, botb White andBlack:

The cry of "Let us get backro'tbe good old da. , and cast out:311 non Zulu customs," wasspreading among tbe Africans, Mr.Biebuyck continued. Thtre wasmuch to commeDd in those cus-

DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONCOURTESY WEEK

Defining courtesy to tbe CityParli.ment Debating Socierywben he moved th:1t tbe de­terioration in South Afric:ln ucerelations was due to 3 de­cerioution in courtesy, Mr. L.T. J. Biebuyck, Chief Inspectorof Indun Education in Natal,Jlreued tbe imporlance of under­IUndinlt tbe otber persons's feel­ings and aspirations, outlook and

idWs.Where this courtesy and under­

It:lnliing bad been lacking tbeareatest misunderstandings hadoccurred, resulting in wars, riots,vio1ent enmity, batred and in­

tolerance."From tbe bigbest to the low­

ett in the land we sbould realiseDIU obligations, mo:e particubrlyto tbose wbo bave not risen to afIill appreciation, of tbose advan­

tales," be said."If the African appears ungrate·

fu1 for the privileges be enjoys,if be uku fuch tbings as freehOlpiulisation and sub-economichouses for granted and ungraci­ously asks for more, let us bearin mind that he is not aware tbat

•it iJ only a reV' ,bort years since

SPEAKING at tb. DurbanRotary Club luncbron, Mr.

C. Munay BJoysen, Natal'.Director of Education, whoorganiKd Courtesy Week tbisyrar, stated tbat ignorance was attbe root of a lot of discourtesy."Soutb Africa has received scantcourtesy at UN, wbere most oftbe criticism levelled against u.s,and tbe bitter attacks bunched.punt us, have been due to awilful distortion and misrepre­notation of tbe true bcts, or toiron ignorance of the true posi­tion.

"Such action, no matter wbattbe motives may be, is extremelydiscourteous and on :10 inter­national plane, cannot make forpeace and goodwill.

"Allbough we all resent whath» uken place at the meetingsof UN, we ourselves are not en­tirely blameless of simiLar con·duct in our own country:'

Mr. Booysen said: "Neverbefore bas materialism played aIlrester role in tbe lives of mentban today. In 311 past-warperiods it will be found thatfIl3terialism pbys an importantp3rt in tbe bebaviour of ind'vi­~uals and of nations.

"As materialism flourishes, sodeu idealism fade and die."

334 INDIAN 'OPINION 2ith May, ItsJ

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Se~ondly. tbe new Pnrty hasreceived a "ery favoarable PreBsreaotlon praotloally from allover the worlil. The Malanllolknow the rlanltere or an adverseworld opinion from experlenoe.The Omlltl~enOe or tbe LiberalParty will be helll hofore theworld I1S proor that Sonth Africadoes not. In taol, oppres~ theman of oolonr to the exlent thatoutsltlen mll:ht beliove It does.The Liberal Puly. wbloh balopenell Its doors to everybody.w1l1 bo heM tip liS being In thei1lreolllno or 8uooe88ion to powerIIko every otber Psrly. It Hoan oonvlnoe tho eleotorate thntIII policies lire snnnd. tbe Ma·lanltes will say. it oan have lIllown Governmeut and aboliah thecolour bar any time it wants.Theoretloally, this appears to betbe situlllion and tbese tbe pros­peols before tbe Liberal Party.

The Malanltes will tell tbeworld lbat It Is up to the LiberalParly to work bard enonRb, likeevery demooratio party and winenonRb voles to Ilel to power andcarry ant Its polloies. This linewill definitely confuse verymany people oversea. on tbllreal danRers of hInlaoism. TboMalanitc•• in torn. will exploittbis confuaion to ailopt moretY13noous policies towards lberoan or colour. They Ret a belt!!rname abroad aod remaIn In tbepoeilion to be worse tyrants athomo.

Thirdly, now tbal lbe liberalwing of tho Ualted Party hashived off, the ohances are mtlcbbrighter of a toenaderinlo': bet­ween tba United anil NssioDalsParties on tbe baeia of a whiteracial front. ny sbakiul: off theLiberals. the Uoitell Party basshown tbat It does not-mindoomlng to terms wltb Malan­following tho example or Ba­veoga. If tbls toenaderlng evercomes about. It will strictly be00 terms dictated by tho slrongergroup-lhe Na~looale Party_

00 tbo debll /lid!', the onlyheadache WOrth considering ietbal tbe United Parly ia now"purified" enooRh to be In theposition to converl a tew moreNselonsle Parly "moderates" toit, sIde· Bnt the poeslbillty atthis bappsnlnR Is very rernote.if the results of tile Iasl twaRenersl eleotiollS ara any RtIldetar lbe Immediate future. Onbotb occ18ions the wblte volerebowed unml'lakably tbal ontbe clear-cnt le.ns of raoe. heprOfera the uncompromlBlog ra­cial tyrauny of the ~alaolles

aoil not the balf-baked equivo­cations of the Uolted Party.

29th May. 1953

AFRICAN VIEWPOINT

To the outside worM it BeemsIroolo thet the heaviest fire

Wlnlt the Liberal PartS" 80 farhu eomt, not trom the Mnlnolteebat from the non-Europeans.

Thrte faotou SMm to lie be­blod thl.. Tho Bonth Afrloans,u. rulp. Ilre oonservatlve people.1:0 msller to which sIde of thoraloDr lIuo they belonll. Wel:nB acoDstome,l onraalvel BS nuUon to think of probleml Bnll"Illlda Ideu BRalual the over'all backsrronnd of nce. Whena new IUnatlon nrls('P. whlohthmtena to take os ont of thisnt, we reoot violently. This Iscol peollllar to any ono race.Alltbe peoples of Sonth Afrlcnh1Te It.

A clore Iltlldy of tho violentdenollOlallons of the UberalParly from non' white le~ders .0far hu revealoll thom I in thernle of men who have rcactedv;\lh their hearts more than withtheir minds to the emergenoe oftbd Llbel':11 Parly. For yearathe,. have olamoured for racialequlIll)' and ",hen at last a sco'lion of ,tho white people comeforward with a basis on wblcb toutsbllsh racial eqnality. tbeytIIoaway from Il and hilla bebinllnolent and Irrational denuncia­thol. A bumorous c:lttoculBtwould depicl thom In fligbt fromtheir own goal I

Fortunatoly. tbls is a temporaryp!lue. When both the leaders ofthe Liberal Parly and the non­wbl~a elt down 10 find basea onwbloh to 00 opernt!', tbe "Iolen trt:Icllons will be Been to bavet..!en no more tban a cbaracter­Utlo Bonlb African altitnde ontbree maltera· Thl!. bowever.d'>el not mear. tbat tho non­"bile peoples have no genuinecrltlclnnl to make again Bt lllll

Liberal Party. We ahall cometo tbue loon.

In tbe meanlime lhe Africanlnlcbes wllh keen Inlerelt tberrutlona ot the hIalanlle! to thofonnsUon or the new Party. TheCOlt elgnlBlnot tbing in the~e

Ialhst the Malanlles bave b!'enriogularly rellralned in lbeirh?l\l1llr to tbe formation of thePulr. They are shrewd polill­ciU.I; as ,brewd u any on theoon'wblte Ilde. On balance thelmergenee of tbe Liberal PartyII a bleaelng to lhem.

Firatlr, the Liberal Party willdn1l' lome of lis supportershrEel:v from tboee who wouldUTe voted United Parly. Tothe Ulent that this will mtan atOlllerlcsl weakening of lherolled Party, Il Ie a Itaia for tbellahnltu.

3J5

Samp to tbe oonoloslon thatevery Afrloan who has donbtsabont the Parly hall oome tindertho lcflnt'noe of nndergroundaOn'lmunlsm-for, III I ha'l"eehf)wn. lhh Is not tbe ouo.

Tbe Atrloan wants to be:tIreured that tbe Liberal Parly,Is not out to perpetullte the IlatnB.guo In a new guise. Dnt at,the same time I think II wonld\be as tlnreasonable for the Afrl..oan National Congrees to reject,co· operation on anylhlng len,than a 100 per oent IIcoeptanllO.of 1111 own terms as it woald bennreallstla for tbe Llberel Pllrtyto u'peot that lis tormatlon Is,somethlnll whloh the AfrloanJOUBt anlomBtioally aocepl DS

nolhlng but 0 blessing.At the momont. of ootlrst'. tho

Afrlo:1D hRS the wblp·boni!. Ifhe refuses to 00 operate wilbthe Liberal Parly. he will de­alroy lis main JusliBoatlon­namely, that it Is II bridge bo­tween Dlaok Bnd Wbile; Butagalnet this the Atrl03n moelremember thllt nnreasonllblerejeotlon of the extended wbltehaoll or co operlltion might beinterpreted SB proor oC Africaninsincerity in laklOR or raelaloo·operatlon or proof of AfricanIntentions to llomlnate tbe olherminority gronps. Somehow. wemnst strike Ibe middlo course.

Personalities sometimes oountfor muoh, Bometimse for Iittloin politloal movemenls. Dot Ithink a reasonable attitnile forthe African to take tip is that themen lind women who haveformed tbe Li!>eral Parly arehonest people with enoogh"isloc to grapple witb theColour problem In Ibe onlyrealistio manner possible In tbeolrcumstances; mon lind womenwbo look forward to lheir ownsincerHy of purpose 10 makenp for their obvious laok ofpolitioal experience.

I believe thiB is a matnroatlitnde 10 take tip towards tbeLiberal Party. The violAotdennnoiation. wbich have eomefrom the non-wblte side so farare all so mucb smoke Bnd fllry.I think we sbonld come downfrom tbere clonds and grapplereallstloally with a situation inwbloh we and the white liberalsare oalled npon to evolve Bbaais for raoial peace In SoothAfrica. Let us rpject oo.opera­tlon with tbem afler glviogthem a fair bearing-for wesball never acoept IInylblOI(wbloh prepetuat~s tho slatusQuo.oue way or tbe otber. BUlIt la quite possible tbat wbeowe elt down wllb them am]talk tblDRa OVllr we mlgbledocate tbem ioto eef'I02 tbelrotb partly In onr light.

Aaslnat Ihl. baoklll'onnd, theMaIanltes etand to gain by theformation ot the Liberal Party.botb on tho homeCront andabroad. They woul~ be fools tooreate dlffioaltles for B Partiwbloh mIRht-wheth&r It IIkssIt or not do 10 maob tor tbemand their name hore and over­lens. And the Malanltes are('artaInly not tooll.

It moat be r!!allsed that· theAfrloan h8ll bad to oonalder thisaide of his relation. with tbeLibersl Party as well. Nobodywill do him the In}ostloo to denyhis rIght 10 make oertaln that hewlll not plaoe hlmlelf In theposition to 8ubserve MalsnlteInteresls. We hate Malanlam:we believe It II an tln·SoulhAfrloan evil and will not cometo terms with it. The AfrloannUltnlle to tbe Liberal Partymiaht, If seen In thIs light. bebettor appreoiated,

On tho other hand tbero Is a.genuIne t1no:ulneu on the non·wblle lide abont the vaguenessor tbe PartY'1I real intentionPiAt tbe Darban meeling held inmemory or tbe late RbeinalltJonee. Mr. Alan Paton, one ofthe Ruldlng spirits of theLlheral Party, In effeot oonfessedtbat lbe Party still has II some­what hszy Idea of lis programme.Now, I tblnk lhe non-whilepeople have every right to saythai tbe Parly bad no bnslnp89to galeorll8b into tbo politicalscene before Its own mind wa!!quite olear on the foolety it Isont to build. Bat IIgainlt thisthe Llbllrals can argue that Buoha programme can only beworked ont by Blaok and WbiteIn lbe Parly sittloR together lalleqnals.

. The Arricln, In parlioular,is extremely snspiolons of lender·goals on Ihe politio]l front. Hehllll made np bis mind to leea new South African society inwhich colour will be no oriterlonby whioh to assess htlman"aluu. He does not waut any·bJdy to come to him with olIerswhloh might prepetuate tbe.tattll qao-~ven it that is donewith new symbols of mIxedcolour. He wm not co-operatewith the Liberal Parly if It Itlrnsout to be nolhlnR more lban apolitloal leader-goat. The Afri­can who makes all tbese reolenatioDs doell that in aUIIDcarity and he shonld be lakenfor whal be I••

Tbe-e Is another torce at workIn the non· while commnnlty,however. wblah dreadll a sellie.ment or tbe race problem on aliberal buls. Tbat II tlnder-_gronad Clommunllm. In so tar8lI it lies within lis power toInflaenoe evenI., It will do every.thing possible to coofu.e thereal I!lues at stake and makeracial 00 operation difficult. Itrust the Liberal Parly wlll....not

OP-INION

PARTY

INDIAN

LIBERALFORWEATHERHEAVY

336 INorAN OPINrON 29th May. 1953

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337

Things In GeneralBan On Mr. Yusu( CachalJa

Mr. Yusuf Cachalia, the jointhonorary ~ccrelary of the SouthAfrican Indian CongreS5, re­ceived two banning orders fromthe Minister of Justice Mr' C. R.Sw~rt, prohibiting him under IheRiotous Assemblies and CriminalLaw Amendment Act fromattending any pubFc gatheringand from being in certain mages­lerial districts of the country.Mr. C:tcbalia is prohibitedfor a peried of twelve monthsfrom being in tbe magi~terial dis­tricts of Durban, Pietermarir:1;­burg, Newcastle, r undee, PorIElizabeth, East London, TheCape, Pretoria, Benoni, Krugers.drop, Germiston and Boksburg.

Ban On A.N.C. Leader

Two notices from the Minister

of Justice, Mr. C. R. Swart, under

the Riolous Assemblies and Cri·

minal Law Amendment Acts,

have been served on Mr. M. B.Yengwa, Secretary of the Natal

Division of the African National

Congress. The first notice pro­

hibits him, for a period of 12monlhs from next Tuesday, from

beinl: in :lny 0f the Magisterial

districts of Mari.::burg. New­

castle, Dundee, JohannelOburg,

Bloemfontein, Port Elizabeth and

tbe C:lpe. The socond prohibits

him from :ltlending any public

gathering, in any place in theUnion, to which the public have

access for :l period of 12 months

from the date the notice wasserved.

A Nation Builrler A L Work-fly PynHbl l!i)

Why Prol,ibilioll-B} KOIT'nrnPI a 1/.

S:llrn~rabll Tn S.'.-By \~. K. ihndbi Ir./-

Bapoo's Lettrr. To A~broffi Si~trr8

-By Kala K .t,·lkar 2 G

Which WRy Litl He're-!'J It. n Orrgg 2/-

Gondhi "pd Marx-fly K. G. ~1aBhml\'8la 2/3

Econo'1l} or Permaoence-By KaffiarapPII 3/.

The Wit t ntl WiEdotll or Gllndbi-By H( mtr \. Jack 22/-

A OllcdLi . ntbolo~l-By V. G. Desai 9"

Obl.linab 'e from:

'INOl ~~~ OPl~ION'

PIBag, PiJeonix. Natal.

RANKBUSevils, neverlbeless the slllng ofthe lerminus in this thickly usedschool area is most unsatisfactory:lnd we must lodge our prolestagainst the decision.

"We ace sure the Committeecan fied other :lllernative silesjust as suitable but far le!~

daegH6us. We feel tbat theproper solution to this prob­lem is the extension of theVictoria Street bus terminusby the use of the present Muni·cipal tcsting grounds. We mustadmit that we h:lVe not beeoconvinced that this should not beused for this purpose, despiteproposals to house the CityPolice and licensing offices t}-.ere.The bus rank is certainly themost urgent and ccncer:;s thelargest number of citi::ens inrrgard to user.

"In our submission decentrali­sation is not necessary if a largeenough terminu~ witb propercoovenienc~scan be found. Westrongly (eel tbat the testinggroua"s together with Ihe presentbus rank in Victoria Street willmeet tbis need.

·"Even at, Ihis latest stage weappeal to the City Councilthrougb you and your Committeeto rec:lnsider this matter and calloff the scheme to use the scheolaea for bus terminals andloutes,"

channelised threugh a centralbody, 00 subjects to be decidedupon at tbis Conference.The Conference and the Dinner

are being organised and arrangedby tbe Council of Indians Abroad.But as a sincere gesture of good­will and tbeir regard for 311the Indians from overseas, anumber of prominent Indiansresident io England have re adilyassociated themselver witb theConference and the welcome tofriends from abroad.

Member of the Executive Com­mitteeare: G. J. Cbhangur anJ S.Misir (B. Guiana), J. A. Kirpal(FijI), Dev. Kumar and NarendraKumar (India), Miss AhilyaVarma (Jamaica), S. Buckory andR. Sewgobind (Mauritius), InderPrasad (Trinidad), Dr. GaneshSawh (B. Guiana and Loodon),Hon. Treasurer: Mr. L. Shi,"prasad; Hon. General Secretary:Dr. K. D. Kumria.

The Conference will be heldon Saturday and Sunday, 13th.:znd 14tb June, 1953 at 87, WestCromwell Road, London, S. W.5(Earls Court Station). The Con­ference will last two who!e days.

OPINION

a generous and humane spiritby the country of their sojourn.

3. To consider ways andmeans of sitting UlJ singlesocial orl:anisations in re­spective Overseas countries inorder to improve the sociallife and status of the com­munity as a wbole and forfostering its contacts with theotber racial groups residingin the respective Overseasterritories, with a view tocementing the spirit of friendship .1nd brotherbood witbtbem.

4. To devise ways and meaDSto put an rnd to the spiritof communalism which is morcor less r~mpant among Over­!eas Indians, because of reoligious, class, carte ;lDd pro­vincial diffeunces.

5. To consider the advisa­bility of exch~nging half-yearlyprogress reports between tbeconferring ·Overseas countries

INDIAN

OVERSEAS INDIANS CONFERENCEIN LONDON

29th May, 1953

FOR the first time in the historyof emigration and settlement

of Indians oversras, a Conferenceis being held in London todiscuss ;and consider matters ofmutual interest to our peopleever)·where.

Prime Minister Jawal13rblNehru gove the following liguresin the Indian P.trli~menl abc>utthe number of Indians in theBritish colonies:

Aden, 9,456; Brunei, 436,British North Borneo, 1,298;British S'Jmaliland, 550; BritishGuiana, 190,888; Cyprus 40,Fiji, 148,802; Gibraltar, .\1; GoldCoast, 250, Hong Kong, 1,500,Jamaica, 25,000; Keny", 90,528,Malaya, 577,000; M~lta, 37;Mauritius, 271,636: Nigeria, 50;Northern Rhodesia, 2,300: SierraLeone, 50; Singapor~, 72,000:Southern Rhodesia, 4,150; Tan·ganyika, 56,499: Uganda, 33,767;Zanzibae and Pemba,! 15,812:British West Indies, 227,390.

The Council of Indians Ab­road, a newly formed organisationin London, has been activelypreparing plans and details C'fIhe Conference for .1 number ofmonths. THE Natal Indian Congre" bas

In this the Council h3~ received written to Councillor Forsdick,enthusiastic ~upport from prac· Chairman of the General Pur­tically all the Indian organis:l\ions. poses Committee 10 reconsiderand 3 large numbu of prominent the plans 10 decentr:llise theIndia!)s overseas. bus rank. Congress urges tbatTh~ main agenda for Ihe Can· the Tesrinl; GrCJund site be

ference is ~s follows: utilised to extend Ihe present busOther subjects for discussion raok and to avoid using the school

will be included, at the reque,t ~rea for bus terminals. The letterof tbe dtlega\(s. Slates:

I. Discussions On rrports "We wisb to reiterate that ourreceived from Indian Organisa. objections still sund in regard 10tions in Overs~as territories. the siting of Ihe terminals for

2. Discussions with a view north and west bound bust! in10 adoption of the following the sch:ol ~rea Your Committeetwo objectives for Oversea In- h~s agreed to cbange the rJutedians: (2) All Iedian stltlers from Carlisle Street to Lornein Overseas c('un'ries \\ ho Street and has agreed not to aller1001: upon the country of their the siting in Winterton Walk.3doptioo as their bomeland You will recall that the objectionand sole object c,f tbdr loyalty, of Congress was to the choice ofshould be prepared to :tccept the school area for bus termina13,the duties and responslbilities and the altered scheme does notof full citi:enship and in return meet this objection. The dangerbe j:;uaranteed cqual rights :nd to cbildren traversing thi~ areaprivileges with all orhrr citi:eos on their way to and from theof that country, ard also setk schools concerned still remains.for-and obtain reasonable terms The children will still have toand conditicns of naluralisa. pass through Winterton Walk,tion wbere\'er ~uch Laws are Mansfield Road, Centenary Road,necesury for attainicg II at Carlisle Street .:znd Lorne Streetcountry's citi::enship. (b)'o .:znd with the alteration now sug·dian settlers in O\'erseas coun- gested buses will pa~s alongsidetries who desire to retain the. yet another ~chool-the Kalbia­nationality of the country of wad G:vernment Aided Indiantbeir orgin, should be prepared Scbool, in Loroe Street wbichto accept tbe Sl.1tus of friendly w.:zs unaffecled by tbe previouslyaliens, wbic)1 means t:l say .suggested loute of north boundtbat tbey shall oot claim civic buses.rigbts but shall be a~sured of "We reilaate tbat whIlst weequality before the Law and are nC't opposed to decentralisa­enjoy ~afe~y of person and pro tion on prindple, and tbat Lorneperty and should be treated in Street is the les~er of the two

INDIAN OPINION 19th Hay, 1953

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19th May. 19S1 INDIAN OPINION ~39

From Our Own Correspondent

LETTER

Bombay, May J5.

to present any serious obstacles,it. satisfactory C<lnclusion basnever(heless led to optimismthat n new chapter in tbe rela­tionl between the two countriesis about to begin.

L3ter, Mr. Nehru, whilemaking a statement on foreignrelations in the House of thePeople, said that during recentweeks there has been a markedimprovement in Indo· Pakistanrelations and many friendlyceltures have becn made to usfrom Pakistlln which we wel.come Rod reciprocate. We shallmake every endeavour to dbpelthe cloud. that have darkenedour respective horizons andcaused unhappiness to so manypeople.

••Tbe last fortnight witnessed

a keen tusscl for power betweenthe House of tbe People andthe Council of State, reminis­cient of the early days of BritishDemocracy when similar tus.elifor power were going on be.tween the House of Commonsand the House of Lords. Butultimately good sense prevailedon both sides and what appear­ed to be a major' constitutionalcrisis provod to be a Itorm in ateacup.

According to· the presentConstitution of India, the Houseof the Pepple is directly electedhy the voters, while the electionfor the Council is indirect,through the State Legislatures.Cnbinet of Ministen is respon­at ble to the I10use of the Peopleand all Money Bills must beinitiated in Bnd paned hy the

gramme nho lays considerableemphasia on the formation ofco.operative and village com­mittees.

The programme will also openout considerable potentialitielof employment for skilled work­ers. For the next three yeara itwill need OTer 85,Q99 technicalp~rsonnel.

The Extension Services pro·gramme will concern it,ellprimarily with improvement inagriculture and the breeding oflivestock. It is hoped to carrythe programme to J29,9<;>9villages comprising n populationof 89 millions during the nextthree years.

Side by side, more intensivecommunity development willbe attempted in select areal tocover housing, health snd edu­cation. The location of theseselected arellS will dependprimarily on the voluntarjlelIort that ia forthcoming,though considerationa such asthe availability of resources,internal nnd external, muat nlsoprevail.

This is how the procrommewill worl:l. During the nextthree years the Extension Ser­vice will reach out to J209 nrealeach consisting of 199 vi1!ageswith lin approximate popula­tion of 66,999. Of these 399areal will be selected for in­tensive developmenl under thecommunity projects already inoperation, Of tbe remaining999, 189 will be taken up in thefirst year, 279 in the 5ccond yearand 459 in the third. Fourbundred more will ultimatelycome under intensive develop.ment,

Of the totd cost of Hs. lQICrores on the programme, theCentral Government will bear75 per cent of the non-recurringexpenditure. The Jest will haveto come from the States.

•

•

•

•

The Natiooal Extension Serevice programme is scheduled togo into operation on Octoher 3,almost exactly a year after thecommunity -development pro.gramme was law.ched in S5project areas all over the coun­try. The service will costR" J919 millions and "Whencompleted in the next threeyeau, will reach a quarter ofthe countries rural population.

This programme is consideredto be the boldest step yet under­taken towards the crea tion ofthe Welfare State. It constitutesthw the first major change inthe approach of the Govern.ment towards the people in thata bro~der and a more activeresponsibility is now beingenvisaged in providing theinitiative for a mass movementof self.help.

Under the programme, a per­manent machinery will becreated in the rural arealthrough which the developmentwork will be finalised. As atpresent planned the programmewill cover the entire countrywithin the next ten years.Through thi\; macbinery thespare lime energies o[ tbe ruralpopulation will be harnessed to·wards development woik suchas road.building, clearing offieldl, traioing of waterwaysand digging well.. Tbe pro·

The Government of India hasapproved a plan for rural de­velopment, known as NationalExtenlion Service, whicb willimprove agriculture and breed­ing of livestock and will utilisethe spare time energy of therural population in extendingand implementing tho pro­gramme of health, housing Bndeducation.

uled as 11 lawyer in SouthAfrica. Apart from his owncollection, more than 4 mbooks have been added to thelibrary, written nbout him orconcerning some Dspects of thepolitical movemllnt led by bim.

The pathetic portilln of theMuseum would be the onewhere his few personal belong·ings would be preserved. Hispocket watch and the Burmese5un hat catch the eye first.~mong the personal belongingsare three bullets that took hislife now handed over by thepolice to tbe Museum. Hispersonal diaries nnd the bam­boo quill.holder, and casketpresented to him by his nd·mirers in Capetown are ahaincluded in this portion,

The plan for the bie buildingincludes n public hall to acco­modate 1999 people, n hall forstatues and another hall forMahatmaji's photographs.

••Mahatma Gandhi Memorial

Museum which is now tem­porarily lodged in Kotah House,New Delhi, will be shifted to anew large building that will bebuilt near Rajghat, where theFather of the Nation was creemated. Plans arc nfoot to erectthe building. According toavailable reports, the buildingwould be befitting the uniqueposition which Mahatma Gandhioccupied in the political andcultural spheres 01 the countryfor over half a century and thepart he played in the emlloci.pation of the people of thiscountry.

Tbe colh:ctioos now kept inthe Kotah House are obviouslybut a nucleus for the enormousquantity 01 exhibits intended tobe bouse1 in their permanentabode.

A curioulllnd lively.portion-of the museum would be theone earmarked for MahatmaGandhi,'s letters. A large num­ber 01 those letters were ad­-dressed to friends abroad. Ma·hatmaji often wrote with hisleft hand wh~n his rightband was tired of writing. It iscurious that his handwriting ~as

far more legible wb~o writtenwith the left hand. Theseletters mostly in Gujarati,Hindi amd English throw, lighton the working of Mahatmaji'smind, faced as he was with thestupendous taslil of liberation onthe national front.

Photostat copies of about18.999 Iheets of Sabarmati havealready been made. Anotherlike number has been micro­filmed. It will take tome yearsto complete this gigantic tuk.

The museum would house tbebock' that Mahatma Gandhi

INDIA

PAKISTAN leems to hllve.tarted a viKorous "peace

olrensive" agninst India. Asthe Western nalions nre barnedby a similar "peace offensive"by RuuiB and could not mnkeout whether the cbange on theput of tho Communist countriesit genuine or n make-believe,.imilarly India feel. barned bythe recent. declarations of thePakistan Premier Dnd otb,(leaden, suggesting a change ofheart on their part and wantingto have friendliest relationswith Indio and solve 1111 out·.tandiog problem. in Il give.and.take .piri!. Pakistlln radioIJId Pakistani Press hEl. vechanged their tone lind .toppedmalicious propaganda ngainstIndia aDd the Indian lee-den.

The Pakistan GoV::rnmenthave banned a dramn that wasItaged in Pakistan since thelast two or three yeau, ridi­culing Mr. Nenru and incitingthe people 01 Pakistan agninstIndia. The Government of Indiabad vainly protested severaltimes against staging thildrama. Now Pakistan hasblnned this drama of her OlVnaccord.

The Pakstani Governmentbad refused to hand over Bhu­pat the notorious dacoit ofSa;rashtra, and the PakistaniPress had gone to the extent ofglorifyiog this dacoit as a 'herowho had committed over 8<?murders aDd 29 dacoities ,nIndia. Now, according to NewDelhi reports. the Pakistan Gov­ernment will hand over Bbupatto India. These gestures ofPakistan are regarded as aus.picous for the coming talks be­tween the two Prime Ministers.

Now the Pallistani delegationconsisting of Mr. Akhtar Husainand Mr. Aza Hilaly, secretaryand joint secretary resp~cliTely

01 Pakiltan Foreign Ministry,hu arrived in New Delhi andhave .tarted talks with theircounterparts in India to pavethe way for further talh on aaectetariat level and then be­tween the two Prime Ministersto saive all the outstandingproblems between the twocountries. Their mission hasproved ,ur:cessful and an agree'ment "'81 reached in regard toitcmt of di.cussion at the nextphase of negotiatiolls at .eere·lariat level and t~ntative pro­cedUlc to .be foUowtd. Thetalk. were throughout conductedIn a most friendly atmospberer

Though this preliminary talbos .~enda wal hardly upected

INDIAN

R. VITHALBookkeeper, Writing up Set. ofBookl!. BaIIl.DOO Sheete, InoomeTax Returns. Appli:

9 Adame Arcade,40 Market Sireet.

JohAbnelburg.~

Arter returning to Delhi fromthe tour of famloe Itricken areasof Mabara,blrll, Mr. Nebru CJ:'

pressed his rellret at this in­cident and declared that boththe Hnuses had the lame privi­lelles and one should Dot 100.to the House of Commonl ofBritain (or precedence aod rule.(;5 unlilee Britain tndi:a walbound by the Constitution. Heasked tbe members to regardtbil incident as closed. Mr.Binval aho expressed his regretat the incident io the lIoule.

As Pdr. Nehru did Dot clarifyClxactly what the relations be·tween the Houses oUilht to beand there beio~ no .pecificclarification in the Indian Co,,­stitution, the tustle between thetwo H lUses might go on.

NATAL.

SALE

4. Newspaper reportwl wenkepr away from rhe delegates 2ndcould only move :lround tbe con­ference room ac.companied bycommunis, guards.

5. The ma02gers of the COtl·

terence held in Vienna-tbe so­called Interoational Conferencefor the Defence of Rights ofYouth-got their orders directlyfrom the Comioform and did notallow any opinions other thantbeir 0'Wtl.

Singb said his invit;rtion to theconference had ·come to bim ioIodia :lnd he bad been assuredth;rt every deleg:lte would havethe opportunity to express him·self.

Singh said he was not allowed tospeak at tbe meeting.-U.S.I.S.

BOOKS FOR

SARNIA,

UPANISHADS FOR THE LAY READER-0. R.j lROP.1lllobllrl 6 0

VEDANTA THE BASIO OULTURE OF INDIA·-0. R'J~goPBlaobB,i 5 6

BHAGAVAD GITA-Abricilled and eJ:plBlnedby C. R I) Igopalaobari 4 0

THE OONSTiTUTION OF INDIA-Ii: S"nthanBm 18 6'MAHABHARATA-O. RaIJgopataobul 17 6 I

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INDIAN OPINION,P. Bag, Pboenix. Natal

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V,e002, Al1.!Itri2.AN Indi20 delegate to the com-

munist-spoluored youth can·ference held here io March uidthe international meeting wasstrictly "a propaganda device"for the Cominform.

Shatrugan Prasad Singh, Geo·eral Secreury for the BiharInstitute for Cultural Relations,told bow tbe communists l1.!Iedtbe following devicts to controltbe meeting:

I. Delegates b2d to presenttheir speeches in writing in ad­V.:lnce and w2it for two days forpermission to deliver them.

2. There was DO discussionduring tbe conference•

3. Frequently tbe rume. ofspe.akers were not aonouoced tothe delegates.

o PIN' 0 N 29th May, itS]

INDIAN DELEGATE BLASTS COMMUNISTYOUTH CONFERENCE

••D... Shyampra5.ld MookerJi

WAI arrested while enteringJammu without permit. He walltaken to Sree NIARal for deteo­tioo. Dr. Mookerji reluled tot Ike a permit on the gtound tbatJammu and Kashmir 6:atc wallpart Bnd parcel 01 India aodIndian citizenl should not re­quire permitl to enter that State.He was goin~ there to investi­Rate the conditions in J ammawhere Praja Parisbad bulaunched 8:ltyagraba, demand­ing application of Indian Con.stitution to that 6tate. In themeanwhile Jan 5angb agitationcontinues in :North India in

,support of the demand, of PraJaParishad.

B Jundary dispute betweenBengal and Bihar has agaioflared up after passage of a re­solution demanding certainBreBS of Blbar to be incorporatedin Bllngal, by the West BengalState Anembly. Bihar Assembfybal reacted strongly and, itseems, this verbal duel betweenthe two States will continue till'the formation of States onlinguistic bases.

Allahabad High Oo~rt hasdismissed the application filedby Mr. RajnuaiosiDgb, leaderof the Opposition in UttarPradesh State Assembly, again,tthe order of the Speaker IUS­pendiog him Irom the Assemblyfor the rest of the current sit­tings. Tbe Court declared thatit bad DO right to interfere inthe proceediDgl of the Assembly.where the. authority of theSpeaker is lupreme.

340

Hou~e 01 the P~ople ooly. NoBill need be sent to tho Councilprovided tho Speaker certifieslame IlS Money BiI/.

Income Tax Amendment Bill,which was palled by the Houseof the People, was certified IlS

Money Bill by tbe Speaker,coo.equeotly it was not sent tothe Upper House.

Some members 01 tbe OJuncilof State took strong objection.to tbe certification of this Billal Money B II by the Speaker.During the discussion 00 thisque.tion Mr, C. C. Bilwas, tbeL'lw Minister and the leader 01the Council 01 State doubtedwhether tho Speaker had apeplied hIs mind fully belorecertifying the Bill Ilnd madecertain remarks which were reogarded as derogntory and show­ing "distinct disrespect" to theSpeaker by Pandit TbakurdasBbargava who raised tbis ques­tion as Il maHer of privilege illthe House 01 tbe I'eople. M t.Bbargava declared in tbe Houseof the People that he was goiogto introduca privilege motionon thil qutlstion in the HoJuleand requellted the DeputySpeaker, Mr. AoaotllayanamAyangar, to direct Mr. Biswlllto be prescot in the House toanlwer the charges when themotion was taken up. TheDeputy Speaker thought therewas 'prima facie' a case in­volviog, tbe digoity of theSpeaker 10d directed Mr. Biswasto be present next day toaDswerthe chargeli.

But 00 the next day theCouncil of State rOlle as oneman, giving a go.by to partyaffiliations, to defend its privi·leges and directed Mr. BiswasDot to appear before the Houseof the People when that matterwall taken up. The coostitu·tional pundits dug up the factthat tbe Council of S/,He andthe House of the People bothwere sovereign bodies havingthe same powers in regard topriVileges as the House of Com­monl.

Heated attacks were made ontbe members of the House ofthe People who were trying tolower the dignity of the Coun­cil.

When the House of the Peopleto01ll up this matter next day.Mr. Biswas, who was present inthe House, stlll:ed a walkoutsaying that he would obey theorders of the Council, MaulanllAzad's efforts to prevent himfrom leaving the lIouse provedfutile. Members of the Housewere angry at tbe attitude ofthe Council. nut thank; to tbeROod offices of the DJputySpeaker, the motion whichI'lAndit BhluRava sought to railein the Houlie was dropped andMr. Biswas returned to theHouse.

29th May, Its] INDIAN OPINIONb'

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OPINION II," INDIAN

~UNDlIIANA-D. G Deahpaode-(A Bibliography ofGandhilUl Lit~mtnrc) e. 0

PILGRHJAOE FOR PEACE-Pyorelal 12 6SELECTIONS FROM QANDllI-Nimor Komar Doee 10 0

GANDHIAN ETIIICS-Bcnoy Oops! Ray 2 0

BAPU-1IImy F. Darr 4 0COMMUNAL UNITY-M K Gandhi 2[, 0

FAMOUS PARSIB 7 6CIV.ITANYA TO VIYEKANAND."" S :lSTORt OF SATARA-Major B, D. Baso, (I.M.S.) 16 0

SEVEN MONTliB WITH GANDHI-Kriaoadas 12 6

STORY OF THE DIllLE-S. K. George 6 0

DELIII DIARY-GolldLiji )0 G

A R1GllTEOUS STRUOGI.E-Mabadlv Deeni :4:1

THE POLITIS!I. PlIlLOSOPHY OF MAHATMAGAN DllI-Gupinath DhewRo 17 9GANDHlJI AS WE KNOW HIM-Intimate and

delightfnl incidenl.B by nrions writer! tl 0

NON.VlOLENOE IN PEACE AND WARVol. 1.-1>1. K. Gandhi Ie. 0

NON VlOl,BNCE IN PEACE ANI) WARYol ll-~l. K Gandhi 14 0

THE STORY OF BARDOI~I-Mabadcv De!ai 6 0FROM YEn~VDA M!1;OIR-~I. K. Gandbi J 0

MAUADEV llESAl'S E .... RLY I,a·E~-Dy Namhari D. Parikh 2 6

BOOKS FOR SALEINDIAN JUDGES (BiogrllphiCllland critical sketches

with rortraitll) 7 6

8MNIENT AMBR1CAN~ WHOM INDIA

SHOULD KNOW-Jaba T. Snnderland 7 6

THE BHAGAVAD GITA_The Lord's Song-

(AD English TraIlBlation)-Annie Beaant 0

WHAT IS WRONG WITH INDIAN ECONOMIC LIFE'

-Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao 3- 0OUR INDIA (Ohildren's !toriee b] Vllrioll8 writel'!, iIlnstrated)

-Minco M6!ani 2 6

COTTAGE INDUSTRIES AND THEIR ROLE'IN

INDIAN ECONOMY-Prof. RAo 2 6

GOLDEN NUMBER OF "INDIAN OPINION", 1914

(Sonvenir of the Pwire Reaistllnce Movement

in S.A., 1906.191') 0

THE DELlnRA~CR(A pictore of tbe palpitllting lifeof the joint famil]) 4 {;

PUBLIC FINANOE AND OUR POVERTY

-J. C. Knmarapp" 3 6

INDIAlJ STATES' PROBLEM (Gandhiji's Writings lnd

Utteranccs}-M. K. GlUldbi 10 (j

FOUNDATIONS OF PEACE (OritiCllI stndy of the

oolditiotl! whioh prceipitllt.ed two world wan-K. T. Shah Ii 0

INDIA SPEAKING (Various oontributionsoQ eoooomic,

political, oultnralanc! llOCial problems of modIra India) 16 0

SOVIET ATTITUOE ToWARDS OlllNA

Pacl.B And Facl.B-Btanley Powell CJ

AMONG THI:: GREAT {Conversntion with Romain Rolland,

Mahatma Gandhi, Bertrand Ruaeell, Rabindranath

Tagore lind Sri Anroblndo)-Dilip Kumar Roy 23

TWO HISTORICAL TRIALS IN RED FORT-An acco\lnto! the trial of the Officc!'ll oftbe I.N.-\. 14

WHY CRIPPS FAILED (Docnmented accoDntfrom the

IndilUl NationalisL point of viell')-M. Snbrahmanyan 2

G,\NDRI-JINNArI TAT,KS (Text of Correspondence

and other televant matter) 2

THE STORY OF MY EXPERIMENTS WITrr TRUTH

.......M. K. Gandhi 15

OHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA

(Their place in India)_M. K. Oandhi •

RAMANAMA-~f. K. Goodhi 2

TOWARDS RON·VIOLENT SOOIALISM

-],f, K Gandbi [j

REBUILDING OUR VILI.-\GFS-\f. K. Gandhi 3

AN ATHEIST WITH O~NDHI-OoraG. R. Rno 2

Obtainable from:

'Indian Opinion,'

P.Bag, Phoenix, Natal.

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INtJlAN oPINIoN i9th May, ItO

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