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6/4/2010
1
Dr Kelvin Chong (D.V.M.)
Regional Technical Sales Manager
Meriden Animal Health Limited
Improving Sow’s Colostrum Quality
with Phytobiotic
CONTENTS
PHYTOBIOTIC
CONCLUSION
CLAUDIA J. ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
SOW COLOSTRUM/MILK QUALITY
THAILAND FIELD TRIAL
6/4/2010
2
PHYTOBIOTIC
CONCLUSION
CLAUDIA J. ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
SOW COLOSTRUM/MILK QUALITY
THAILAND FIELD TRIAL
• Sow’s milk quality sparked
interest among researcher
as early as 1940’s
• B.E. Sheffy et. al., 1952
sited the correlation of sow’s
milk quality with feed ration
and stage of lactation
Introduction
6/4/2010
3
• Improvement in genetic which produce more live born piglets as the
driving force
• Increasing the growth rate of piglets prior to weaning has a marked
possitive effect both on lifetime performance and on the profitability of
the pig enterprise (Mahan and Lepine, 1991)
• Much studies on milk quality and production had be taken place since
Introduction – Con’t
• J. Bujcukova et.al,.2006, sited that lysine and threonine level
in feed ration has positive influence on the sow’s colostrum
and milk quality
6/4/2010
4
PHYOBIOTIC
CONCLUSION
CLAUDIA J. ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
SOW’S COLOSTRUM/MILK QUALITY
THAILAND FIELD TRIAL
ANCIENT TIME
the Greeks knew that certain herb like
oregano had certain medicinal properties.
Hippocrates (5th Cent. B.C.), the Father of
Medicine, used oregano for curing various
diseases, such as stomach pain, respiratory
diseases, etc.
Mediterranean people used oregano as a
preservative of meat.
6/4/2010
5
Background of Plant Extract Research
• Antibiotic Residue Antibiotic Resistance
• Human Health Hazard
– Increasing reliance on vancomycin has led to the emergence of
vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections. According to CDC,
prior to 1989, no U.S. hospital had reported any vancomycin-
resistant enterococci but subsequently, such microbes have
become common in U.S. hospitals.
– In 2004, the third reported case of vancomycin-resistant S.
aureus (VRSA) in the United States was reported in New York.
– Strains of S. aureus resistant to methicillin are endemic in
hospitals and are increasing in non-hospital settings
( Source: National Institute of health, US Department of Health &
Human Services, 2000)
Antimicrobial agent (µg)Diffusion zone
breakpoint (mm)Avian isolates (n = 34) Human isolates (n = 48)
R R
Aminoglycosides
Kanamycin (30) ≤ 13 91.2 43.8
β-lactams
Ampicillin (10) ≤ 13 20.6 35.4
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin (5) ≤ 15 8.8 10.4
Enrofloxacin (5) ≤ 17 29.4 10.4
Nalidixic acid (30) ≤ 13 85.3 10.4
Norfloxacin (5) ≤ 12 20.6 6.3
Ofloxacin (5) ≤ 12 11.8 8.3
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline (30) ≤ 14 82.4 43.8
Miles et al. BMC Veterinary Research 2006 2:7 doi:10.1186/1746-6148-2-7
Percentage of E.coli isolate from avian and human
resistance to antimicrobial agent by NCCLS disc
diffusion method
Miles et al. BMC
Veterinary
Research 2006
6/4/2010
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• Pathogen resistance
– Statistic shown 50-60%
drug resistance in
China
– Misuse of antibiotics,
overuse of antibiotics
– Consequences:
• Dampen immune
system
• Secondary bacterial
infection
• Antibiotic residue
Background of Plant Extract Research
Source: Zhang Xiuying, Lu Xiumei (2003)China Veterinary Drug Control Centre,
Hebei Livestock & Veterinary No. 19, Ed. 5
Statistical Analysis from Shandong Province
• Consumer pressure
– Improvement in standard of living
– Demand for better quality
• Food safety
• Green line
• Environmental friendly
Background of Plant Extract Research
6/4/2010
7
Overview of plant extracts worldwide
• To stimulate immunomodulatory responses (Middleton and
Kandaswami, 1992)
• To stimulate enzyme activity (Platel and Srinivasan, 1996)
• antioxidant (Arouma et al.,1996) and
• antitoxin (Azumi et al., 1997).
• Antimicrobial (Cowan, 1999, Dorman and Deans, 2000; Chang et
al., 2001)
• antiviral (Garcia et al.,2003),
• To improve digestive physiology
• To modify microbial populations in the piglet (Manzanilla et al.,
2004) and the broiler chicken (Jamroz et al., 2003).
• flavor enhancers (Lee et al., 2004a).
– To be advantageous in standardizing tastes and smells of the
diet if the diet ingredients are changed such as during the
weaning transition of piglets (Anonymous, 1998).
OREGO-STIM
Published studies demonstrate the significant and wide
ranging effects of Orego-Stim® on various microbes that
affect the intestinal microbiota of livestock animals, thus
enhancing performance and boosting productivity.
6/4/2010
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Active Components of Orego-Stim®
α-Thujene/α-Pinene Trans-Sabinene hydrate
α-Thujene α-Bourbonene
α-Pinene Linalool
Camphine Cis-Sabinene hydrate
β-Pinene Terpinen-4-ol
Sabinene Carvacrol methyl ether
Myrecene β-Caryophyllene
α-Phellandrene Dihydrocarvone
α-Terpinene α-Humulene
Limonene α-Terpineol
1,8-Cineole (+β-Phellandrene) Borneol
1,8-Cineole β-Bisabolene
β-Phellandrene Caryophyllene oxide
β-Ocimene γ-Terpinene
Terpinolene ρ-Cymene
3-Octanol Thymol
1-Octen-3-ol Carvacrol
Dimethyl styrene
Aristotle University, 1995
PHYTOBIOTIC
CONCLUSION
CLAUDIA J.ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
SOW’S COLOSTRUM/MILK QUALITY
THAILAND TRIAL
6/4/2010
9
How does Orego-Stim® work?
• Orego-Stim® works by improving gut health, but how?
a) Direct antibacterial property
- Physical action
- E.coli, Salmonella sp. Clostridium sp., Stretococcus sp.,
staphylococcus sp.
a) Indirect antibacterial/anticoccidial property
- Disruption of the coccidia life cycle
b) Appetizer
- Stimulation of cranial nerve
d) Improved Digestion & Absorption
- Increase villus length & crypt depth ration
How does Orego-Stim® work?
Ctrl OEO
Source: C. Ariza-Nieto, M. Bandrick, T.W. Molitor, S.K.
Baidoo (2006) University of Minnesota (Ph.D. Thesis)
6/4/2010
10
e) Anti-Oxidant Property
- Carvacrol & Thymol
f) No Residues
How does Orego-Stim® work?
Free Description Test (TES-S-011)
Pig Meat - University of Leeds (U.K.), Centre of Animal Sciences
Chicken Meat – SLU, Sweden
No Residues Within Livestock Products
INTRODUCTION TO OREGO-STIM
INCLUSION RATES
CLAUDIA J.ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
INTRODUCTION TO MERIDEN
TRIALS - SWINE
6/4/2010
11
C. Ariza-Nieto1, M. Bandrick2, T.W. Molitor2, S.K. Baidoo3
1 University of Minnesota, Animal Science, St Paul, MN
2 University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN
3 University of Minnesota, Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca, MN
2006
Effect of dietary supplementation of Oregano
Essential Oils (Orego-Stim®) to sow on
colostrum quality
Objective of the study
To investigate the influence of Oregano Essential Oil
(Orego-Stim Powder®) supplementation on:
� Colostrum Quality
� Immune Status of piglet
� Litter performance
6/4/2010
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Within 24 hours after service
Materials and Method
12 sows12 sows
119 Piglets 118 Piglets
Colostrum Colostrum
IGF, T-Lymphocyte, γδ, CD4 & CD8 Analysis
Blood T-lymphocyte count before and after suckling
Piglet weight at Day 1,5, 9,12,16, &19 for grow rate
Control OSP 250ppm
150 SOWs
Effect of dietary supplementation
of Oregano Essential Oil (OSP) sow’s IGF-1 and
T-lymphocytes in colostrum
Source: C. Ariza-Nieto, M. Bandrick, T.W. Molitor, S.K.
Baidoo (2006) University of Minnesota (Ph.D. Thesis)
Treatments
Control OSP
No. of sows 12 12
IGF-1, ng/ml 429.9 541.0 (↑ 26%)
No. T-lymphocytes 3.6 5.4 (↑ 50%)
γδ, % 45.9 49.7
CD4, % 7.0 10.1
CD8, % 13.1 12.2
CD4/CD8 0.6 0.7
6/4/2010
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Effect of dietary supplementation
of Oregano Essential Oil (OSP) sow’s on T-
lymphocytes of piglet before and after suckling
Source: C. Ariza-Nieto, M. Bandrick, T.W. Molitor, S.K.
Baidoo (2006) University of Minnesota (Ph.D. Thesis)
Treatments
Control OSP
Number Piglet 119 118
No. of T-Lymphocytes
Before Suckling 4.4 3.9
After Suckling 8.2 9.4a
Difference In Number 3.8 5.5
Difference in % ↑44.7%
Effect of dietary supplementation
of Oregano Essential Oil (OSP) sow’s on the
performance of the piglet
Source: C. Ariza-Nieto, M. Bandrick, T.W. Molitor, S.K.
Baidoo (2006) University of Minnesota (Ph.D. Thesis)
Treatments
Control OSP
Number Piglet 119 118
Body weight (kg)
Day 1 1.6 1.5
Day 19 6.0b 6.2a↑
Average Growth Rate g/d 247b 262a↑
6/4/2010
14
Conclusion• It is shown that the Lymphocyte count in the colostrum of sow
with Oregano Essential Oil (OSP) treated significantly higher
than control group
• The T-Lymphocyte count in the colostrum also influence the T-
lymphocyte count in the piglet after suckling which is
significant higher in Oregano Essential Oil OSP treated group
• The IGF-1 in the colostrum is also significantly higher in
Oregano Essential Oil (OSP) treated group
• This is consistent with the observation where Oregano
Essential Oil (OSP) treated group, the piglet showed increase
in pre-weaning growth rate.
PYTOBIOTIC
CONCLUSION
CLAUDIA J. ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
SOW ‘S COLOSTRUM/MILK QUALITY
THAILAND TRIAL
6/4/2010
15
Trial conducted in Unit 3 where 2,000 sows had PED outbreak
The Use of Orego-Stim® in Controlling Porcine
Epidemic Diarrhoea in a Commercial Pig Farm
Commercial Pig Farm In Thailand with 6,000 Sows
Source: LIC, Thailand 2009
Trial Design
• Sows
– Orego-Stim® Powder.
– Inclusion rate at 500g/t
of feed.
– Started 1 week before
farrowing until 25 days
after farrowing.
• Piglets
– Oral drenching with
Orego-Stim® Liquid.
– Mixture:
• Dilute 1ml OSL : 3ml
clean water.
– Inclusion:
• Give 2ml of the
preparation per piglet
for 3 times at Day 1,
Day 3 & Day 5.
Source: LIC, Thailand 2009
6/4/2010
16
Unit 3: Pre-weaning Mortality Rate and Sow
Culling Rate
0
5
10
15
20
25
%
3/1
1/2
008
17/1
1/0
8
1/1
2/2
008
15/1
2/0
8
29/1
2/0
8
12/1
/2009
26/0
1/0
9
9/2
/2009
23/0
2/0
9
9/3
/2009
23/3
/2009
6/4
/2009
Week
Piglet Mortality
Sow Culling Rate
Start OS
Source: LIC, Thailand 2009
PED Challenge
Unit 3: No of Piglet Weaned, Average Weaning
Weight & Average Birth Weight
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
%
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Week
Birth weight
Weaning weight
Ave. no of piglets
weaned
Start OS
Source: LIC, Thailand 2009
PED Challenge
6/4/2010
17
Unit 3: Litter Weight at Weaning
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
kg
3/1
1/2
008
17
/11/0
81/1
2/2
008
15
/12/0
829
/12/0
812
/1/2
009
26
/1/0
99/2
/20
09
23
/2/0
99/3
/20
09
23
/3/0
96/4
/20
09
Week
Start OS
Source: LIC, Thailand 2009
PED Challenge
Conclusion
• Orego-Stim® effectively improved the PED cases in this
commercial pig farm.
• There was a reduction in pre-weaning mortality rate after
the use Orego-Stim.
• There was also an increase in weaning weight of piglets
after using Orego-Stim®.
6/4/2010
18
PHYTOBIOTIC
CONCLUSION
CLAUDIA J. ARIZA-NIETO’S STUDY
MODE OF ACTION
SOW’S COLOSTRUM/MILK QUALITY
THAILAND TRIAL
Conclusion
• Improving colostrum/milk quality is challenging task
considering improvement of genetic which more piglet born
per litter and to ensure the survival of the piglet during the
suckling period.
• It is found that Oregano Essential Oil (Orego-Stim® )help not
only to improve the quality of colostrum but also the growth
rate of suckling piglet.
• It is important to put experimental finding into commercial
practice and in this case, the commercial farm trial in Thailand
proved that supplementation of Orego-Stim® help in the case
of controlling Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea
6/4/2010
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Healthy AnimalsHealthy Animals
Healthy PeopleHealthy People
NaturallyNaturally