IMPROVING MEMPHIS CITY

SCHOOL LUNCHES

How the Memphis City School systems can prevent childhood obesity through better nutrition in schools

Bridgette Reed, MPH StudentWalden University

PH 6165-4 Instructor: Dr. Jalal Ghaemghami

Fall Quarter 2009

WHAT IS OBESITY? Obesity is defined as having a body

mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.

It is based on a person height and weight.

Those with higher BMI’s are at risk for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.

1998

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 1998, 2007

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

2007

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

HOW OBESITY AFFECTS CHILDREN Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Disease

Fatty Liver

Asthma

BEHAVIORAL FACTORS THAT CAN PREVENT OBESITY

Consuming more nutrient rich foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)

Increase Physical Activity

Reduce time spent watching television and other sedentary behaviors

SERVINGS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES NEEDED

GirlsAges 4 - 83 – 3 1/2 cups total:1 1/2 cups fruit1 1/2 - 2 cups vegetablesAges 9 - 133 1/2 – 4 1/2 cups total:11/2 - 2 cups fruit2 – 2 1/2 cups vegetablesAges 14 - 184 - 5 cups total:1 1/2 - 2 cups fruit2 1/2 - 3 cups vegetables

BoysAges 4 - 83 – 3 1/2 cups total:1 1/2 cups fruit1 1/2 - 2 cups vegetablesAges 9 - 134 - 5 cups total:1 1/2 - 2 cups fruit2 1/2 - 3 cups vegetablesAges 14 - 185 - 6 cups total:2 – 2 1/2 cups fruit3 – 3 1/2 cups vegetables

HOW SCHOOLS CAN PLAY A POSITION IN PREVENTING OBESITY Ensure that school breakfast and lunch

programs meet nutrition standards

Provide food options that are low in fat, calories and added sugars

Physical Activity for at least 30 minutes daily

THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION POSITION

STATEMENT

“Nutrition services shall be integrated with a coordinated,

comprehensive school program and implemented through a school nutrition

policy.”(ADA 2003).

The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 requires all school districts across the country to develop wellness policies.

THE CHILD NUTRITION ACT 2009

Is renewed every 5 years

Provides an outline for the National School Lunch and Breakfast Program

Eliminates Barriers so all children can participate in nutrition programs

Improves quality of meals

THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR NUTRITION AND ACTIVITY

Advocates for national policies and programs to promote healthy eating and physical activity

Used as a model for wellness that can be used by school districts

It is made up of 300 organizations

Primary goal: “cultivate champions for nutrition, physical activity, and obesity prevention in Congress and federal agencies”

Nutrition Policy 2007

THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR NUTRITION AND ACTIVITY (CONT’D)National Alliance for Nutrition and Activity

(NANA) Policies: 1. School Health Councils2. Nutritional Quality of Foods and

Beverages Sold and Served on Campus3. Nutrition and Physical Activity

Promotion and Food Marketing4. Physical Activity Opportunities and

Physical Education5. Monitoring and Policy Review

RESEARCH STUDIES AND PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE CHILDHOOD OBESITY

KANDIAH AND JONES (2002) SCHOOL STUDY A study using 2 separate schools of 5th

graders School A received no nutrition education School B received 45 minutes nutrition

education for 4 days for 3 weeks Topics covered: food guide pyramid,

food sources and their functions, healthy snacks, vegetarianism, etc.

Post test scores and diets improved in school B

Kandiah and Jones 2002

FARM TO SCHOOLS Connects with schools with local farms to

help improve student nutrition

Provide health and nutrition education

Helps to serve healthy meals by using produce from local farmers

Supports regional and local farmers

Farm to School 2006

FARM TO SCHOOLS CONT’D

2,051 Farm to School Programs in the U.S. (estimated)*

8,943 Number of schools involved

2,065 districts involved

48 States involved (including Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico)

Farm to School 2006

OVERALL INTENDED OUTCOMES

HEALTHY KIDS=HEALTHIER AMERICA

QUESTIONS?

REFERENCES American Dietetic Association: Nutrition Services: An Essential Component

of Comprehensive School Health Programs — Joint Position of ADA, Society for Nutrition Education and American School Food Service Association. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:505-514. http://www.eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/advocacy_1729_ENU_HTML.htm. Retrieved May 10, 2009.

Bottemiller, H. Vilsack Previews Child Nutrition Act (2009). Food Politics. http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2009/10/vilsack-previews-child-nutrition-priorities-1/

Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Overweight and Obesity (2009). http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/childhood/consequences.htm. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

Center for Disease Control: National Center for Health Statistics. Data 2010: the Healthy People 2010 Database (2007). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hpdata2010/abouthp.htm. Retrieved April 18, 2009.

Farm to School Website. http://www.farmtoschool.org/index.php Retrieved October 24, 2009.

REFERENCES Johnson, B., Pilkington, L., Lamb, C., He, J., Deeb, C., (2009). Parent

Reactions to School-based body mass index screening program. J Sch Health. 79: 216-223 http://wf2dnvr1.webfeat.org/0VyxL13676/url=http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=3&hid=7&sid=3aabf69a-e414-4414-af36-a1df8089fa00%40sessionmgr108. Accessed (April 26, 2009)

Kandiah, J. & Jones, C. (2002). Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices of Elementary School Children. Early Child Development and Care, 172(3), 269–273. Retrieved May 10, 2009.

Wellness Policy Brochure: Promoting Fruits and Vegetables in Schools: Wellness Policy Opportunities. http://www.pbhfoundation.org/pdfs/pulse/policy/programs/wellnesspolicybrochure666_1205Hires.pdf Retrieved October 24, 2009.

Yancey, A MD, MPH, McCarthy WJ, PhD, Sielgel JM, PhD, MsHyg, Wong, WK PhD, Ward, A MD, MPH, Leslie, J, ScD, and Gonzalez E, MD, MPH. Correlation of Obesity With Elevated Blood Pressure Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Children in Two Los Angeles Middle Schools. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 April; 5(2): A46. Published online 2008 March 15.