VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD

Improved Flexibility of Coal Fired PowerImproved Flexibility of Coal Fired Power Plants Fulfilling the Future Requirements of Renewable Energy Systemof Renewable Energy System

11th ECCRIA11th ECCRIA7th September, 2016, SheffieldJouni Hämäläinen Timo Leino Matti TähtinenJouni Hämäläinen, Timo Leino, Matti Tähtinen Toni Pikkarainen and Hannu Mikkonen

ContentContent

Background and motivation

Development and design of future conceptsDevelopment and design of future concepts

Drivers and requirements

VTT’ t lVTT’s tools

Case examples of concepts

Summary

2

ContentContent

Background and motivation

Development and design of future conceptsDevelopment and design of future concepts

Drivers and requirements

VTT’ t lVTT’s tools

Case examples of concepts

Summary

3

After the Paris agreement the target is “ i i f ” i t“emission free” society

Need for strong reduction of CO2 emissionsNot only energy industry but also other industrial sectors

d t b d b i dneed to be decarbonised

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Transformation of the energy system

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As the share of renewables in the system incresesthere will be a big changes in energy system

”Traditional energy system”Traditional energy system

Future system –Future systemdistributed generation, lotof intermitted generationby wind and solarby wind and solar

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This is how the electricity production (currently) follows consumption in every second in February 2012 (Finland)

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Simulated situation if all the needed electricity would be ygenerated by wind and solar (based on available data of solar and wind conditions)

807/09/2016 8Consumption and production do not match at all

Electricity production prices andElectricity production, prices and import/export – example from Germany Solar 21 7 2013: 23 GW / 41 GW = 56 % Solar 21.7.2013: 23 GW / 41 GW = 56 % BUT: 6 % of total annual production

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ContentContent

Background and motivation

Development and design of future conceptsDevelopment and design of future concepts

Drivers and requirements

VTT’ t lVTT’s tools

Case examples of concepts

Summary

10

FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

ŁAGISZA 460 MW e supercritical OTU CFB Oxyfuel combustion developmentfor reduction of CO2 emissions(FlexiBurn, O2GEN projects)

NEW APPLICATIONS• Advanced flexibility for utility plants• Dynamic simulation of energy processes• Bio solar hybrid developmentDevelopment of high efficiency CFB • Bio-solar hybrid development• Solar applications – dynamic modelling of

CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) applications

2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 20182000 2021 20...

p g ytechnology (OTSC CFB design) to increase

Efficiency (HIPE, CLEFCO, CFB800)

• Apros Renewables development• PtG GtP and PtX concepts Control for ash chemistry:

CorroStop® and CINDY CFBC® development

11Source: http://kogansolarboost.com.au

Requirements and drivers for future fluidized bed combustion conceptsfluidized bed combustion concepts

Energy system transition calls for new features for the fluidized bed boilers

• Target 420-550 gCO2/kWh without CCS (~33% reduction) → wider fuel flexibility including gas, biomass and thermal solar→ wider fuel flexibility including gas, biomass and thermal solar

• Improved load following capability → design modifications, enhanced role of gaseous fuels etc.

• Gas/methane economy, shale gas boom, power to gas → gas combustion (superheating) could be an important option to improve plant dynamics and emission performancep

• Size optimization: lower load factor, higher share of biomass and solar in the design, load following capability → smaller unit size?

multifuel CFB solar- solar-gas-

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multifuel CFB boosted CFB g

boosted CFB

Tools for future combustion concept development:combine VTT’s expertise in modelling, measurements and process & material know how

Modelling of in-furnace behaviour

Dynamic process simulationsand optimization Pilot scale experiments

Characterize fuel behaviourin furnace behaviour Characterize fuel behaviourDeposit probes

Gas coolerBag house filter

Flue gas to stack

Deposit probes

Gas coolerBag house filter

Flue gas to stack

Fuel and additi e feed

RiserSolids circulation sample

Temperature, pressure and profile sampling along the combustor height

Primary cyclone

Secondary cyclone

Secondary and tertiary airs

Fuel and additi e feed

RiserSolids circulation sample

Temperature, pressure and profile sampling along the combustor height

Primary cyclone

Secondary cyclone

Secondary and tertiary airs

Development and design of concepts and processes

additive feed

Flue gas

Gas tanks (air, N2, CO2, O2)

Loop seal material sample Primary air

and grid

additive feed

Flue gas

Gas tanks (air, N2, CO2, O2)

Loop seal material sample Primary air

and grid p pBottom ash

grecirculation Bottom ash

grecirculation

Condition and life

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management of boilermaterials (modelling & experimentals)

Techno-economicalassessments Performance analyses and

in-furnace plant measurements

ContentContent

Background and motivation

Development and design of future conceptsDevelopment and design of future concepts

Drivers and requirements

VTT’ t lVTT’s tools

Case examples of concepts

Summary

14

“EFFLEX Concept”Highly Flexible and Efficient Fossil Fuel Base Load Power Plants to ProvideHighly Flexible and Efficient Fossil Fuel Base Load Power Plants to Provide

Fluctuating Back-up Power with High Share of Intermittent Renewable Energy

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Flue gas

“EFFLEX Concept” developmentDeposit probesFlue gas

to stack Integration of gas combustion capabilities into CFB pilot to support the development of new

Gas cooler Bag house filter

support the development of new concepts • Improvement in minimum load

ti d ffi i ( i i

Riser Solids circulation sample

Primary cyclone

Secondary cycloneoperation and efficiency (minimum load down to 10-20%)

• Improvement in fast load changes Temperature,

pressure and profile sampling along the combustor height

Secondary and tertiary airs

p gand start-ups (load gradient up to 10-15%/min)

• Steam cycle stabilization andFuel and additive feed

Gas tanks (air, N2, CO2, O2)

combustor height • Steam cycle stabilization and improvement in steam parameters with low quality fuels or in hybrid concepts (gas fired superheaters)

Loop seal material sample Primary air

concepts (gas fired superheaters)• Possibilities to emissions reduction

in dynamic operation (e.g. CO, NOx)

1607/09/2016 16Bottom ash

Flue gas recirculation

and grid • Improved capabilities for phenomena research

Integration of solar energy into g gyconventional power plant

Solar energy will have globally a predominant role in energy system –VTT is developing concept to integrate solar into “conventional”integrate solar into “conventional” biomass boiler

Solar energy intermitted energy source (as well as wind power) insource (as well as wind power) in our concept biomass has a role as a energy storage

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Coal fired power plant as a part of gas economyImprovement of carbon efficiencyImprovement of carbon efficiency

H2O

Natural gas grid & Distribution

Electricity

H2OElectrolysis

Hy

grid

O2

H2

Methanation

Solar & Wind power CO2

CH4,LNG

Ai

LNG market

BiogasAir

Natural gas fired power

stationCoal fired

power plant Bio-CO2power plant

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CCSDAC

Summary

Transformation of energy system set new requirements for Transformation of energy system set new requirements for “conventional” power plants CO2 and other emissions2

Load following capability Development of future power plant concept needs combination of

t ltools Experimental work Modelling and simulation Modelling and simulation Techno-economical assessments

Flexibility of coal fired power plants can be improved by integration ofy p p p y g solar energy gas combustion capabilities

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coal fired power plant as a part of gas economy

Thank you!Q ti ?Questions?