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Impressionism Impressionism & &
Post Post ImpressionismImpressionism
Grade 11 Art HistoryGrade 11 Art History
Painting UnitPainting Unit
What is Impressionism?What is Impressionism?
• Impressionism is a style of painting that is intended Impressionism is a style of painting that is intended to show what is seen not necessary what it there. to show what is seen not necessary what it there.
• It concentrates on painting with colour and the light It concentrates on painting with colour and the light and atmosphere of a scene. and atmosphere of a scene.
• It focuses on movement, through the transient It focuses on movement, through the transient quality of light and colour. The passage of time.quality of light and colour. The passage of time.
• It has loose a free feeling and style. It is basically a It has loose a free feeling and style. It is basically a glimpse of a subject not a perfect recreation or glimpse of a subject not a perfect recreation or copy.copy.
• Subject matter was mostly focused on scenery, Subject matter was mostly focused on scenery, landscapes and everyday life.landscapes and everyday life.
Who were the Who were the Impressionists?Impressionists?• The impressionists worked closely together as a The impressionists worked closely together as a
group to and as a result they developed a similar group to and as a result they developed a similar their style. Many of their works are hard to tell their style. Many of their works are hard to tell apart.apart.
• They were originally rejected from the biggest art They were originally rejected from the biggest art exhibition of their time that took place in Paris exhibition of their time that took place in Paris called “le Salon”called “le Salon”
• They decided to have their own exhibition called They decided to have their own exhibition called “Le Salon des Refuses”“Le Salon des Refuses”CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926)
MARY CASSATT (1844-1926)
EDGAR DEGAS (1834-1917)
CAMILLE PISSARRO (1830-1903)
PIERRE-AUGUSTE RENOIR (1841-1919)
GEORGES SEURAT
What is Post-What is Post-Impressionism?Impressionism?• Post-impressionism isPost-impressionism is a movement that followed a movement that followed
impressionism. The subject matter is the same as impressionism. The subject matter is the same as it was for the impressionists but it was shown it was for the impressionists but it was shown using sharper, often outlined edges, bright and using sharper, often outlined edges, bright and bold (less realistic) colours and more texture was bold (less realistic) colours and more texture was evident in application of paint. They did not focus evident in application of paint. They did not focus on recording light and colour as it really on recording light and colour as it really appeared.appeared.
• Post-impressionism marks the start of the modern Post-impressionism marks the start of the modern era in art.era in art.
• Uses colour and shape that is bold, strong and Uses colour and shape that is bold, strong and powerful.powerful.
Who were the Post-Who were the Post-Impressionists?Impressionists?• The post-impressionists did not work as a group. The post-impressionists did not work as a group.
They were not a collaborative movement like the They were not a collaborative movement like the impressionists. They came up with their own impressionists. They came up with their own more unique techniques and aesthetics so it is more unique techniques and aesthetics so it is easier to distinguish one artist’s work from the easier to distinguish one artist’s work from the other then it is with the impressionists.other then it is with the impressionists.
VINCENT VAN GOGH
HENRI de TOULOUSE-LAUTREC
PAUL GAUGUIN
PAUL CEZANNE
EDOUARD MANET (1832-1883)
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• The Impressionists and the Post-Impressionists The Impressionists and the Post-Impressionists used similar and distinct techniques and styles to used similar and distinct techniques and styles to create their works of art. It is this technique and create their works of art. It is this technique and style, in addition to the subject matter that they style, in addition to the subject matter that they painted, that makes them so important and painted, that makes them so important and unique. unique.
• Here are the important methods they used….Here are the important methods they used….
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• Pure Colour focused on LightPure Colour focused on LightPure colour was applied to the canvas. It was always pre-Pure colour was applied to the canvas. It was always pre-mixed before being applied to the canvas. There is little mixed before being applied to the canvas. There is little blending. As a result, Colours were very blending. As a result, Colours were very vividvivid. Colours . Colours became bolder in post-impressionistic work. Small became bolder in post-impressionistic work. Small patches and changes in colour placed very closely patches and changes in colour placed very closely together were often used in impressionist paintings. (eg. together were often used in impressionist paintings. (eg. Monet and Cezanne)Monet and Cezanne)
Monet, ClaudeWater Lilies (The Clouds), 1903Oil on canvas, 74.6 x 105.3 cm (29 3/8 x 41 7/16 in.)Private collection
Cezanne, Paul Le Mont Sainte-Victoire,
1900 78 x 99 cm (31 x 39 in) Hermitage, St. Peter’sburg, Russia
Cezanne, Paul Le Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1900
Cezanne, Paul Un Coin de Table
Cezanne, Paul
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• Loose Brush StrokesLoose Brush StrokesLiberal and free brush strokes were used to apply the paint. Liberal and free brush strokes were used to apply the paint. Often you can see “brush marks” and where the artist Often you can see “brush marks” and where the artist stopped and started individual colours. Post Impressionists stopped and started individual colours. Post Impressionists sometimes used swirling brush work. (eg. Van Gogh)sometimes used swirling brush work. (eg. Van Gogh)
Renoir, Pierre Auguste On The Terrace, 1881
100.5 x 81 cm (39 1/2 x 31 7/8") Art Institute of Chicago
Van Gogh, Vincent Starry Night, 188972 x 92 cm (29 x 36 1/4 in) Museum of Modern Art, New York
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• Small or Broken Brush StrokesSmall or Broken Brush StrokesUsually small, broken brush work was used so that every Usually small, broken brush work was used so that every real detail of colour and changes in light was recorded. real detail of colour and changes in light was recorded. Sometimes entire paintings were done with all parallel or Sometimes entire paintings were done with all parallel or diagonal brush strokes. (eg. Renoir, Degas) Some were diagonal brush strokes. (eg. Renoir, Degas) Some were entirely completed using a technique called “Pointilism”. entirely completed using a technique called “Pointilism”. (eg. Seurat) (eg. Seurat)
• These techniques, much like the patches of colour These techniques, much like the patches of colour previously mentioned, were used to create form and previously mentioned, were used to create form and shadow and casue your eye to “mix” the colours as you shadow and casue your eye to “mix” the colours as you look at the painting because the colours are placed so look at the painting because the colours are placed so closely together and are so small.closely together and are so small.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir The Swing, 1876 Oil on canvas, 92 x 73 cm (36 1/4 x 28 3/4")
The Musee D’Orsay, Paris
Pierre-Auguste Renoir Boatign on the Scene
Oil on canvas
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• Pointilism TechniquePointilism TechniquePointilism (similar to stipple in pen and Pointilism (similar to stipple in pen and ink/pencil work) Tiny dots of paint. It takes the ink/pencil work) Tiny dots of paint. It takes the broken small and visible brush strokes one step broken small and visible brush strokes one step further.further.
Sometimes called “neo-impressionism” Sometimes called “neo-impressionism”
Seurat, Georges La Grande Jatte, a884-1886 81 3/4 x 121 1/4-inches or 207.5
x 308 cm Art Institute of Chicago
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• Defined EdgesDefined EdgesSome of the post impressionist work is Some of the post impressionist work is recognizable by the vivid strong colour and the recognizable by the vivid strong colour and the crisper more defined edges of the work. crisper more defined edges of the work.
• Feeling and EmotionFeeling and Emotion Some Post impressionists felt capturing feeling and Some Post impressionists felt capturing feeling and
emotion was most important to their work and rejected emotion was most important to their work and rejected how the Impressonists used colour. They chose to use how the Impressonists used colour. They chose to use colour to show the emotion associated with a subject and colour to show the emotion associated with a subject and not the effects of light on a subject .not the effects of light on a subject .
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
Au Salon du Rue des Moulins , 1894
Oil on Canvas
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
How Did They Paint?How Did They Paint?
• Themes/Subject Matter : Scenery, Themes/Subject Matter : Scenery, Landscapes & Everyday LifeLandscapes & Everyday LifeSince they lived and worked mostly in France, Since they lived and worked mostly in France, country sides, landscapes, the artist’s residence country sides, landscapes, the artist’s residence and the sites and everyday city scenes of Paris and the sites and everyday city scenes of Paris were most often depicted in their paintings.were most often depicted in their paintings.
Degas, Edward Les repasseuses (Women
Ironing), 1884 76 x 81 cm (29 7/8 x
31 7/8 in) Musee D’Orsay, Paris
Van Gogh, Vincent Café Terrace at Night, 1888 72 x 92 cm (29 x 36 1/4 in) Musee D’Orsay, Paris
Seurat, Georges The Eiffel Tower, 188972 x 92 cm (29 x 36 1/4 in) Museum of Fine Arts, San Fransisco
How Did They Sculpt?How Did They Sculpt?
It is interesting how the sculpture resembles the It is interesting how the sculpture resembles the stylistic attributes of the painted work from this stylistic attributes of the painted work from this time period. Sculpture was very focused on how time period. Sculpture was very focused on how ligth and shadow would interact with form ligth and shadow would interact with form rather than how light and colour were applied. rather than how light and colour were applied.
Emotion was also a very important focus of Emotion was also a very important focus of impressionistic/post impressionist sculpture. impressionistic/post impressionist sculpture. Capturing the moment was very much an Capturing the moment was very much an important aspect of sculpture in this time. Just important aspect of sculpture in this time. Just like it was for painting.like it was for painting.
Edgar Degas
The Little Dancer Aged 14
Bronze
(the only sculpture he chose to exhibit in his lifetime)
Edgar Degas
Dancer Fourth Position
Bronze Edgar Degas
Dancer Looking at the Sole of her Right Foot
Bronze
Edgar Degas
Bronze
Edgar Degas
Dancers in Pink
Oil on Canvas
Edgar Degas
The Dance Examination
Pastel
Denver Museum of Art
Auguste Rodin
The Thinker
Cast Bronze
Paris, France
Auguste Rodin
Burghers of Calais (Citizens of Calais)
Cast Bronze
Paris, France
Auguste Rodin
Stone
Paris, France
Auguste Rodin and Camille Claudel
How were the Influential and How were the Influential and what was accomplished?what was accomplished?They changed and rejected conventions in painting and sculpture. They changed and rejected conventions in painting and sculpture. --bold use of colour and shadow, often using complimentary colours for shadowsbold use of colour and shadow, often using complimentary colours for shadows
-spontaneous and bold technique., choppy distinct and visible brushwork-spontaneous and bold technique., choppy distinct and visible brushwork
-sacrificed fine detail for atmosphere and light.-sacrificed fine detail for atmosphere and light.
-concept of paint being “mixed with the eye” in their work.-concept of paint being “mixed with the eye” in their work.
-composition using unusual arrangements which emphasized shapes and forms at the-composition using unusual arrangements which emphasized shapes and forms at the
edge of the image. Asymmetry and partial view points. Drastic cropping.edge of the image. Asymmetry and partial view points. Drastic cropping.
-first to embrace “en plein air”-first to embrace “en plein air”
--Impressionism was the first movement of modern art and had a Impressionism was the first movement of modern art and had a
massive effect on the development of art in the 20th century. Like most massive effect on the development of art in the 20th century. Like most
revolutionary styles Impressionism was gradually absorbed into the revolutionary styles Impressionism was gradually absorbed into the
mainstream and its limitations became frustrating to the succeeding mainstream and its limitations became frustrating to the succeeding
generation. Post-Impressionism….which in turn gives us a plethora of other generation. Post-Impressionism….which in turn gives us a plethora of other
styles in the modern movement.styles in the modern movement.
How were they How were they Influential?Influential?We can clearly see the influence that the impressionistsWe can clearly see the influence that the impressionists
had on the Canadian artists: “The Group of Seven”had on the Canadian artists: “The Group of Seven”
Just like the impressionists, the Group of Seven were not Just like the impressionists, the Group of Seven were not
welcomed by critics and their work was quite controversial welcomed by critics and their work was quite controversial
and unaccepted at first.and unaccepted at first.
This is why the style of the artists in the Group of Seven is This is why the style of the artists in the Group of Seven is
often referred to as “often referred to as “Canadian ImpressionismCanadian Impressionism””
The Group of Seven:
Often referd to as CANADIAN IMPRESSIONISM!
The Group of Seven:
Often referd to as CANADIAN IMPRESSIONISM!
The Group of Seven:
Often referd to as CANADIAN IMPRESSIONISM!
