.Volume 218,o. 72

LETERS Los Alams: Ng Reason to "Rail": H. M. Agnew; W. J. Broad; Cotton Dust-Regulation: H. Wekll; M. Sun; Cancer and Environment: J. F. Morton;Satur's Rings: J. J. Lissauer; Cryptogrphy Research and Security:A. M. Gleason, Polish Scientist N-ot Intemned: S. Niewiarowski .5.

EDITOIAL Ocean Research in Hot Water: W. T. Burke, E. L. Miles, W. S. Wooster.53

ARTICLES Fast Ion Bombardment of Ices andIIts Astrophysical Implicaions: W. L Brown,L. J. Lanzerotti, R. E. Johnson.

AArCiL Enymes: R. Bresow. ...........................;....

Creatism in 20th-Century America: R. L. NuIbers .. ....

ULES AND 00 IERT Scientists Implicated in Atom Test Deception .5:Missisip Inc., Pesticide Manufacturer .

Shaing Credit for the Nobel.

Briefing: 1GM Votes Statementginst Nc Wa S Bcks Down onPortsmouth Study; Ramenabering the Bomb, 4 e Aftr;he-ed

REsEACH NEw Molecular Drive: How ReW, How Impo;t;t....... . . . :... 5 .

Physicists Try to Find Ordos . ... 5

Two New Routes to oI~Hy* -e ....- e

AAA" NEws Capitol Coferenfeo rceFo d Peopk: J. Wrather;Arcticivision 4DaedusDi, untd. for ......

BOOK REVIEWS Quantification of Occupational Cancer, reviewed by D. G. Hoel; The Psychologyof Music, C. L. Krumhansl; The Atlantic Barrier Reef Ecosystem at CarrieBow Cay, Belize, I, L. W. Buss; Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms,M. II. Chisholm; Books Received ........... ............................ 560

REPORTS Termites: A Potentially Large Source of Atmospheric Methane, Carbon Dioxide,and Molecular Hydrogen: P. R. Zimmerman et al. ...... .................. 563

Tin and Methyltin Species in Seawater: Concentrations and Fluxes: J. T. Byrd andM. 0. Andreae ......................................................... 565

Bronchial Hyperreactivity Associated with Tracheal Gangliosides:D. K. Banerjee ....................................................... 569

A New Subtype of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-II) Associated with a T-Cell Variant of Hairy Cell Leukemia: V. S. Kalyanaraman et al. ..... ...... 571

Receptors for Maleylated Proteins Regulate Secretion of Neutral Proteases byMurine Macrophages: W. J. Johnson et al. ....... ....................... 574

Coronary Vascular Reactivity After Acute Myocardial Ischemia: D. D. Ku ...... 576

A Pheromone Influences Larval Development in the Nematode Caenorhabditiselegans: J. W. Golden and D. L. Riddle ........ .......................... 578

Aggressive Signal in "Courtship" Chirps of a Gregarious Cricket: C. R. B. Boakeand R. R. Capranica ................................................... 580

Intracellular Recordings from Cochlear Outer Hair Cells: P. Dallos,J. Santos-Sacchi, A. Flock .............................................. 582

Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor from a Human Pancreatic Tumor That CausedAcromegaly: R. Guillemin et al. ........... ............................. 585

A New Perceptual Context-Superiority Effect: Line Segments Are More VisibleAgainst a Figure than Against a Ground: E. Wong and N. Weisstein .......... 587

Tetrodotoxin Blocks the Formation of Ocular Dominance Columns in Goldfish:R. L. Meyer ........................................................... 589

Technical Comments: Atmospheric Trace Gases: Linear Relation BetweenConcentration and Time: R. F. Mueller and R. Kretz; M. A. K. Khalil andR. A. Rasmussen; Naloxone and Ischemic Neurologic Deficits in the Gerbil:Is There an Effect?: J. W. Holaday and R. J. D'Amato; Y. Hosobuchi andD. S. Baskin .......................................................... 591

COVER

Male crickets (Gryllidae: Amphiacustamaya) fighting. They are chirping, hit-ting each other, and trying to bite. Afemale is in the background. In this

M ~~~~~~~~~~gregarious species, acoustic signals in-fluence male mating success throughintermale competition rather thanthrough female choice. Female choiceis a major component of sexual selec-tion in solitary cricket species. Seepage 580. [C. R. Boake, University ofChic'ago, Chicago, Illinois 60637]

5 November 1982, Volume 218, Number 4572

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR OcearnTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Presid

Science serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- U.S. apption and discussion of important issues related to theadvancement of science, including the presentation of countrie'minority or conflicting points of view, rather than by 30 Aprilpublishing only material op which a consensus has beenreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Sci- this Deccence-including editorials, news and comment, and It is wbook reviews-are signed and reflect the individualviews of the authors and not official points of view that aparadopted by the AAAS or the institutions with which theauthors are affiliated.

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801IE:NCEi Research in Hot Waterlent Reagan's recent decision not to sign has foreclosed, for now,proval of the Convention on the Law of the Sea. Only three others joined in opposition, while 130 countries approved the treaty on1982. After drafting changes, the treaty will be open for signatureember. Most nations are expected to ratify it.ridely agreed, and indeed has been acknowledged by the President,rt from the deep seabed mining provisions to which he objects, mostaty serves U.S.- interests. Despite earlier fears that treaty restraintstrch would be crippling, the research provisions are tolerable if;ered fairly. The new -regime requires the consent of coastal stateslrch in areas under their jurisdiction, including a 200-mile exclusiveiczone, and the treaty contains principles and procedures to governluct of research in such areas.iued access to this 200-mile zone is vital to oceanographers. Theon there is dominated by the coastal boundary and the shallowthe shelf. More than 95 percent of the wprld's marine fish catchrom within 200 miles of the shore. 'About one-fifth of the world'sand gas production is from this zone. Both the oceanic processesristic of the zone and the level of human activity there'place heavyients on scientific investigation. This is true for all countries, rich

iterests of U.S. oceanographers are not limited to domestic waters.nportant phenomena-for example, strong monsoons as in theSea-are not available for study nearby. More commonly, compar-idy of processes more sharply developed elsewhere gives insightxthey work; an example is the comparison of upwelling off Oregon,iia, and Peru. For such reasons, U.S. research vessels have spentas half their time working in regions that are now under the

ion of other countries.Lut U.S. approval of the treaty, the State Department has beeng to seek clearance from other governments beyond the unrealisti-rrow limits traditionally accepted by the United States. While thathas created difficulties for some research projects, heretofore ite understood as part of the negotiating process. But now theions on this part of the text are finished, and continuation of theplaces U.S. marine science in a most unfortunate predicament. Atate that follows procedures spelled out in the treaty will requireiests for research clearance'be processed through official channels.of those channels will'be denied to American scientists. Thus weindefinite period when the State Department may be as big antent to U.S. ocean research as restrictions imposed by others.

from a reversal of the U.S. position, it appears to be possible tothe situation. Adoption of national legislation subjecting foreignvto U.S. jurisdiction in a 200-mile zone would permit the Unitedrecognize similar jurisdiction elsewhere. Bilateral or multilateral

nts might secure access for U.S. research. The United States mighty accept the validity of coastal states' claims of jurisdiction overwithin the 200-mile zone, to the extent that the claims are

nt with the convention, and might then seek clearance for suchby U.S. nationals.st is by far the best approach. The first is overkill, establishing aover foreign science that we have never sought and do not need.tion of a myriad of special agreements would be awkward and time-rig. Simple acceptance of jurisdiction, however, would jeopardizeinterests and would free us to get on with studying this vital regionrorld ocean. Whatever action is taken, it will most effectively' fa-narine scientific research if it complies with the Convention on thethe Sea, which is now expected to become law for the rest of theWILLIAM T. BURKE, EDWARD L. MILES, and WARREN S. WOOS-titutefor Marine Studies, University of Washington, Seattle 98105