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INTEGRATED AIR CONDITIONER AND REFRIGERATORA MAJOR PROJECT REPORTSubmitted in partial fulfillment of theRequirement for the award of Diploma inMECHANICAL ENGINERINGSTATE BOARD OF TECHENICAL EDUCATIONHARYANA

Submitted to :- Submitted by:Mr. Rajender Tayal Aman Kumar 10011170011 Mr. Amit Kumar Rohit 10011170078 Mr. Taj Mohammad Abhilash Kumar 11011170001Ankit Sarma 11101170018Ankur Sukhija 11011170019 Himanshu 11011170036 Kajal Damri 11011170042Mandeep 11011170052Pankaj Kumar 11011170070 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGGOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SIRSASESSION-(2011-2014)

DECLARATIONI hereby that the work which is being presented in the Diploma major project report entitledINTEGRATED AIR CONDITIONER AND REFRIGERATOR in partial fulfillment of requirement of reward of DIPLOMAIN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING and submitted to department of mechanical Engineering of GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SIRSA is an authentic record of my work carried out during a period from January 2014 to May 2014 under the supervision ofMr. R.Tayal, Mr. Taj Mohamad, Mr. Amit Kumar, ME Department.

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Signature of Lect.(Mr. R.Tayal)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTTo the accomplished of any feat is required a medium of hard work, an optima of motivation& guidance the ocean, has to take up right course least it ends up in endure. Behind the succ--essful completion of our project there is no. of persons whom we like to thanks. We would like express our gratitude and sincere thanks providing us the necessary infrastructure and for which propelled us toward our destiny. We would like to thanks to Mr.Amit, Kumar Mr. Rajendar Tayal & Mr. Taj Mohamad who help us lot in this project. At least but not the least we would like to thanks all the members of the Mechanical Engg. Department fraternity for this co--operation.

Table of ContentDeclaration. Acknowledgment Table of Content. Theory of Refrigeration.. Theory Of Air ConditioningMaintenance of Air Conditioner.. Fabrication Details.. Estimating Costing...

INTRODUCTION:

Refrigeration is used to cool products. Our project is based on vapour absorption sys--tem. It is small and simple in the structure. The following fig. show about schematic diagram of the refrigeration system. Our project is efficient as well as less costly. The simple and main part of this system is condenser, evaporating coil, compressor & capillary tube. Main uses of our project are cooling of water with low load and minimum time uses. The refrigerant (water) evaporates at around 4^ o C under a high vacuum condition of 754 mm Hg in the evaporator. In this water cooler R-137 is used as refrigerant. The choice of refrigerant and the required cooling temperature and load determine the choice of compressor, as of compressor, as well as the design of the condenser, evaporator, and other auxiliaries.

FABRICATION DETAIL: Water comes from the tap goes into the aluminum drum. As the plug is switched on, comp-

-ressor starts. Due to movement of compressor the refrigerant gets flow which make coolwater in the drum.All parts are described in detail on their respective places.

PARTS DETAIL:

Metal Frame:The whole apparatus is mounted on a metal frame and the specifications of the frame arefollowing:

Metal Frame Height Platform is painted with silver colourVapor-compression refrigeration Vapor-compression refrigeration[1] is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, large-scale warehouses for chilled or frozen storage of foods and meats, refrigerated trucks and railroad cars, and a host of other commercial and industrial services. Oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical processing plants, and natural gas processing plants are among the many types of industrial plants that often utilize large vapor-compression refrigeration systems.Refrigeration may be defined as lowering the temperature of an enclosed space by removing heat from that space and transferring it elsewhere. A device that performs this function may also be called an air conditioner, refrigerator, air source heat pump, water source heat pump, geo thermal heat pump or chiller (heat pump) COMPRESSOR: A compressor is something or someone that compresses. In mechanics a compressor

is a pump or machine that is used to increase the pressure of a gas while in medicine a compressoris a device such as a forceps or clamp. In anatomy a compressor is a muscle that causes theCompressor of a body part. In Our Project we used hermetically sealed compressor. Hermetically Sealed Refrigeration CompressorsThe hermetically sealed reciprocating compressor is widely used for the refrigeration and air conditioning applications. In all the household refrigerators, deep freezers, window air conditioners, split air conditioners, most of the packaged air conditioners, the hermetically sealed reciprocating compressor is used. The hermetically sealed reciprocating compressor is very easy to handle, and requires low maintenance. They are used with motor power requirements from 1/20 to 71/2 hp.

What is Hermetically Sealed Compressor?In hermetically sealed compressor, the compressor and the motor are enclosed in the welded steel casing and the two are connected by a common shaft. This makes the whole compressor and the motor a single compact and portable unit that can be handled easily. The hermetically sealed compressor is very different from the traditional open type of

compressors in which the compressor and the motor are different entities and the compressor is connected to the motor by coupling or belt.

Sectional view of hermetically sealed compressor

EvaporatorAn evaporator is a device used to turn the liquid form of a chemical into its gaseous form. The liquid is evaporated, or vaporized, into a gas.Uses:-An evaporator is used in an air-conditioning system to allow a compressed cooling chemical, such as R-22 (a.k.a Freon) or R-410A, to evaporate from liquid to gas while absorbing heat in the process.[1] It can also be used to remove water or other liquids from mixtures. The process of evaporation is widely used to concentrate foods and chemicals as well as salvage solvents. In the concentration process, the goal of evaporation is to vaporize most of the water from a solution which contains the desired product. In the case of desalination of sea water or in Zero Liquid Discharge plants, the reverse purpose applies; evaporation removes the desirable drinking water from the undesired product, salt.One of the most important applications of evaporation is in the food and beverage industry. Foods or beverages that need to last for a considerable amount of time or need to have certain consistency, like coffee, go through an evaporation step during processing.

Another example of evaporation is in the recovery of sodium hydroxide in kraft pulping.[2] Cutting down waste-handling cost is another major reason for large companies to use evaporation applications. Legally, all producers of waste must dispose of waste using methods compatible with environmental guidelines; these methods are costly. By remving moisture through vaporization, industry can greatly reduce the amount of waste product that must be processed.

Evaporator Condenser A condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant. Condensers are typically heat exchangers which have various designs and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large industrial-scale units used in plant processes.

For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air.

Condenser

Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems. Use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers.

Filterthe evaporator transforms the coolant into gas and sends into compressor. now the conversion may not be complete ( liquid to gas) and from evaporator, some water particle mixed with gas may still go to the compressor. compressor has a rotating blade. it moves at a very high rpm. so the tiny water particles can hit them at high speed if they go into the compressor. that will damage the blade and the system. so the flow from evaporator to compressor must be fully dried and must not have any liquid particles. so the filter is used.

Filter

Refrigerantrefrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle. In most cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again. Many working fluids have been used for such purposes. Fluorocarbons, especially chlorofluorocarbons, became commonplace in the 20th century, but they are being phased out because of their ozone depletion effects. Other common refrigerants used in various applications are ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and non-halogenated hydrocarbons such as propane.[1]The ideal refrigerant would have favorable thermodynamic properties, be noncorrosive to mechanical components, and be safe, including free from toxicity and flammability. It would not cause ozone depletion or global warming. Since different fluids have the desired traits in different degree, choice is a matter of trade-off.

The desired thermodynamic properties are a boiling point somewhat below the target temperature, a high heat of vaporization, a moderate density in liquid form, a relatively high density in gaseous form, and a high critical temperature. Since boiling point and gas density are affected by pressure, refrigerants may be made more suitable for a particular application by choice of operating pressures.

R-134a: 1,1,1,2-tetra-fluoroethane CH2FCF3 R134a is a single hydrofluorocarbon or HFC compound. No chlorine content, no ozone depletion potential. Modest global warming potential. ODP = 0 and GWP = 1300 . Boiling point = 26.6 C (15.9 F). Density and phase 0.00425 g/cm, gas. Solubility in water Insoluble. Melting point -103.3C (169.85 K) . ISO 17584:2005 is applicable to the refrigerants R12, R22, R32, R123, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R717 (ammonia), and R744 (carbon dioxide) and to the refrigerant blends R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507. *1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is an inert gas used primarily as a "high-temperature" refrigerant for domestic refrigeration and automobile air conditioners. Other uses include plastic foam blowing, as a cleaning solvent and as a propellant for the delivery of pharmaceuticals (e.g. bronchodilators), canned air, and in air driers, i.e., for removing the moisture from compressed air.

Moisture present in compressed air has a harmful effect on pneumatic systems. Tetrafluoroethane has also been used to cool computers in some overclocking attempts. It is also commonly used as a power source for airsoft airguns.What is Capillary Tube in Refrigerators?Capillary tube is one of the most commonly used throttling devices in the refrigeration and the air conditioning systems. The capillary tube is a copper tube of very small internal diameter. It is of very long length and it is coiled to several turns so that it would occupy less space. The internal diameter of the capillary tube used for the refrigeration and air conditioning applications varies from 0.5 to 2.28 mm (0.020 to 0.09 inches). Capillary tube used as the throttling device in the domestic refrigerators, deep freezers, water coolers and air conditioners.Advantages of the Capillary Tube:Here are some of the advantages of using capillary tube as the throttling device in the refrigeration and the air conditioning systems:1) The capillary tube is a very simple device that can be manufactured easily and it is not very costly.2) The capillary tube limits the maximum amount of the refrigerant that can be charged in the refrigeration system due to which the receiver is not required in these systems.3) When the refrigeration plant stops the pressure across the capillary tube becomes same and also Thus when the compressor is restarted there is not much load on it since it does not have to overcome very high pressures.

Capillary Tube Due to this the compressor motor of smaller torque can be selected for driving the compressor, thus reducing the cost of the compressor. This along with the above two advantages helps reducing the overall cost of the refrigeration and the air conditioning systems.Thermostat:A thermostat is a component of a control system which senses the temperature of a system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint. The thermostat does this by switching heating or cooling standing".

ThermostatA thermostat may be a control unit for a heating or cooling system or a component part of a heater or air conditioner. Thermostats can be constructed in many ways and may use a variety of sensors to measure the temperature. The output of the sensor then controls the heating or cooling apparatus. A thermostat may switch on and off at temperatures either side of the setpoint the extent of the difference is known as hysteresis and prevents too frequent switching of the controlled equipment.Vapor-compression refrigeration:Vapor-compression refrigeration is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, large-scale warehouses for chilled or frozen storage of foods and meats, refrigerated trucks and railroad cars, and a host of other commercial and industrial services. Oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical processing plants, and natural gas processing plants are among the many types of industrial plants that often utilize large vapor-compression refrigeration systems. Vapor-compression refrigeration Refrigeration may be defined as lowering the temperature of an enclosed space by removing heat from that space and transferring it elsewhere. A device that performs this function may also be called an air conditioner, refrigerator, air source heat pump, water source heat pump, geo thermal heat pump or chiller (heat pump).

ESTIMATING Name of Items Price In Rs.1) Compressor Replacing 1500 2) Motor Winding 4003) Refrigerating Unit 12004) Capillary Tube 2505) Copper Pipe 5006) Wire & Thimble 200 7) Refrigerant Fill up 10008) Thermocoal 2009) Foam 16010) Cello Tape 3011) Drill Bits 5012) Nut &Bolts 10013) Welding Gas 18014) Name Plate 20015) Fevi Bond 15016) Filter 70 Total 7750 Rs.

COSTING Name of Items Price In Rs.1) Compressor Replacing 1200 2) Motor Winding 4503) Refrigerating Unit 12004) Capillary Tube 2505) Copper Pipe 5006) Wire & Thimble 200 7) Refrigerant Fill up 10008) Thermocol 2009) Foam 16010) Cello Tape 3011) Drill Bits 5012) Nut &Bolts 10013) Welding Gas 18014) Name Plate 20015) Fevi Bond 15016) Filter 70 Total 7500 Rs.