IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT SBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars packed at the Basement may be blocked. If your vehicle is parked in the Basement

IMPORTANT IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENTANNOUNCEMENTSBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars packed SBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars packed

at the Basement may be blocked.at the Basement may be blocked.

If your vehicle is parked in the Basement If your vehicle is parked in the Basement Carpark, kindly move it to the Canal Carpark Carpark, kindly move it to the Canal Carpark

during the BREAK.during the BREAK.

Psalm 95 : 1 - 6Psalm 95 : 1 - 6

1 1 Come, let us sing for joy to the LORD; Come, let us sing for joy to the LORD;

let us shout aloud to the Rock of our let us shout aloud to the Rock of our

salvation.salvation.

2 2 Let us come before him with Let us come before him with

thanksgivingthanksgiving

and extol him with music and song. and extol him with music and song.

3 3 For the LORD is the great God,For the LORD is the great God,

the great King above all gods. the great King above all gods.

Psalm 95 : 1 - 6Psalm 95 : 1 - 6

4 4 In his hand are the depths of the In his hand are the depths of the

earth,earth,

and the mountain peaks belong to and the mountain peaks belong to

him.him.

5 5 The sea is his, for he made it,The sea is his, for he made it,

and his hands formed the dry land. and his hands formed the dry land.

6 6 Come, let us bow down in worship,Come, let us bow down in worship,

let us kneel before the LORD our let us kneel before the LORD our

MakerMaker

1 Chronicles 29 : 10b - 131 Chronicles 29 : 10b - 13

Praise be to you, LORD, the God of our Praise be to you, LORD, the God of our

father Israel, from everlasting to father Israel, from everlasting to

everlasting.everlasting.

11 11 Yours, LORD, is the greatness and the Yours, LORD, is the greatness and the

powerpower

and the glory and the majesty and the and the glory and the majesty and the

splendor, for everything in heaven and splendor, for everything in heaven and

earth is yours. Yours, LORD, is the earth is yours. Yours, LORD, is the

kingdom; you are exalted as head over kingdom; you are exalted as head over

all.all.

1 Chronicles 29 : 10b - 131 Chronicles 29 : 10b - 13

12 12 Wealth and honor come from you;Wealth and honor come from you;

you are the ruler of all things. you are the ruler of all things.

In your hands are strength and powerIn your hands are strength and power

to exalt and give strength to all. to exalt and give strength to all.

13 13 Now, our God, we give you thanks,Now, our God, we give you thanks,

and praise your glorious name. and praise your glorious name.

CROWN HIM WITH CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNSMANY CROWNS

Crown Him with many crownsCrown Him with many crowns

The Lamb upon the throneThe Lamb upon the throne

Hark how the heav’nly anthem Hark how the heav’nly anthem

drownsdrowns

All music but its ownAll music but its own


Awake my soul and singAwake my soul and sing

Of Him who died for meOf Him who died for me

And hail Him as thy matchless And hail Him as thy matchless

KingKing

Through all eternityThrough all eternity


Crown Him the Lord of lifeCrown Him the Lord of life

Who triumphed o’er the graveWho triumphed o’er the grave

And rose victorious in the strifeAnd rose victorious in the strife

For those who came to saveFor those who came to save


His glories now we singHis glories now we sing

Who died and rose on highWho died and rose on high

Who died eternal life to bringWho died eternal life to bring

And lives that death may dieAnd lives that death may die


Crown Him the Lord of peaceCrown Him the Lord of peace

Behold His hands and sideBehold His hands and side

Rich wounds yet visible aboveRich wounds yet visible above

In beauty glorifiedIn beauty glorified


No angel in the skyNo angel in the sky

Can fully bear that sightCan fully bear that sight

But downward bends his burning But downward bends his burning

eyeeye

At mysteries so brightAt mysteries so bright


Crown Him the Lord of yearsCrown Him the Lord of years

Whose power the sceptre swaysWhose power the sceptre sways

From pole to pole that wars may From pole to pole that wars may

ceasecease

And all be prayer and praiseAnd all be prayer and praise


His reign shall know no endHis reign shall know no end

And round His pierced feetAnd round His pierced feet

Fair flowers of paradise extendFair flowers of paradise extend

Their fragrance ever so sweetTheir fragrance ever so sweet


Crown Him the Lord of yearsCrown Him the Lord of years

The potentate of timeThe potentate of time

Creator of the rolling spheresCreator of the rolling spheres

Ineffably sublimeIneffably sublime


All hail Redeemer hailAll hail Redeemer hail

For Thou hast died for meFor Thou hast died for me

Thy grace shall never, never failThy grace shall never, never fail

Throughout eternityThroughout eternity

THIS KINGDOMTHIS KINGDOM

Jesus, God’s righteousness Jesus, God’s righteousness

revealedrevealed

The Son of Man, the Son of GodThe Son of Man, the Son of God

His Kingdom comesHis Kingdom comes


Jesus, redemption’s sacrificeJesus, redemption’s sacrifice

Now glorified, we’re justifiedNow glorified, we’re justified

His kingdom comesHis kingdom comes


And this Kingdom will know no And this Kingdom will know no

endend

And its glories shall know no And its glories shall know no

boundbound

For the majesty and powerFor the majesty and power

Of the Kingdom’s King has comeOf the Kingdom’s King has come


And this Kingdom’s reignAnd this Kingdom’s reign

And this Kingdom’s ruleAnd this Kingdom’s rule

And this Kingdom’s power and And this Kingdom’s power and

authorityauthority


revealedrevealed


Jesus, the expression of God’s loveJesus, the expression of God’s love

The Grace of God, the Word of GodThe Grace of God, the Word of God

Revealed to usRevealed to us


Jesus, God’s holiness displayedJesus, God’s holiness displayed

Now glorified, we’re justifiedNow glorified, we’re justified

His Kingdom comesHis Kingdom comes



endend


boundbound







authorityauthority


revealedrevealed



endend


boundbound







authorityauthority


revealedrevealed

FEED 210/213 Mentoring Through The OT/

Poetical Books

Session 5A: introduction to

THE POETICAL books

Law Narrative PoetryProphetic

Major Minor

Genesis Job Isaiah Hosea

Exodus Joshua Psalms Jeremiah Joel

Leviticus Judges Proverbs Amos

Numbers Ruth Ecclesiastes Ezekiel Obadiah

Deuteronomy I Samuel Song of Songs Daniel Jonah

II Samuel Lamentations Micah

I Kings Nahum

II Kings Habakkuk

I Chronicles Zephaniah

II Chronicles Haggai

Ezra Zechariah

Nehemiah Malachi

Esther

1d) Common Features

i. They are poetical in nature (in the Hebrew sense of it).

ii. They are mainly written as responses to God rather than as Word from God (as in Law and Prophets) or works of God (as in the narrative).i. As such, they are often more examples and

inspirations for our response to God rather than direct commandment or instruction from God.

iii. They are mainly the voices of humans.i. We have to differentiate the speeches which

are God’s and that which are from humans.

1d) Common Features“Because the Bible is God’s word, many Christians automatically assume that all it contains are words from God to people. Thus they fail to recognize that the Bible also contains words spoken to God or about God—which is what the psalms do—and that these words, too, are God’s Word. That is, because psalms are basically prayers and hymns, by their very nature they are addressed to God or express truth about God in song.” FAIW 212

1e) Further Division of the Poetical Books

HEBREW POETRY/POETICAL BOOKS

Sub-Genre Style

Songs/PoetryWisdom

ProverbialSpeculativ

eLyric

(Originally accompanied by music & possessing strong emotions.) Psalms

Didactic (Teaches principles about life by means of proverbs or maxims.)

ProverbsEcclesiaste

s

Dramatic(Dialogue between people in

poetical form.)Song of Songs Job

Lament(Poetical expression of sorrow or

lamentations.)Lamentations

2) HEBREW POETRY

A) Extent of Poetry/Wisdom in the OT: About 1/4 to 1/3 of the OT is poetry.

3b) The Nature of Hebrew Poetry

a. Rhyme is not a fundamental element of Hebrew poetry although occasionally, they are employed very effectively.

i) Terseness/Compact:

(1) Few conjunctions.(2) Parallelism (with an equal or near equal number

of syllables in parallel lines).

6) Hebrew Parallelism

a. This is the dominant feature of Hebrew poetry. This feature involves the repetition of the same idea in the first colon in a way that further develops the idea, i.e., it expresses a progression of thought.

i) Terseness/Compact:

(1) Few conjunctions.(2) Parallelism (with an equal or near equal number

of syllables in parallel lines).(3) Chiasm

(a) In contrast to parallelism, the parallel stich reverses the order of units found in the initial stich. If connected with lines, the parallel members would form an X (Greek chi), hence the name chiasm.

(4) Imagery

Tip the Waiter

ii) Stylistic Devices

1) Acrostics

Our Core ValuesBelieving PrayerAccountable RelationshipsReaching Out to the NationsTeaching the WordLoving FamiliesExercising StewardshipYielding to the Spirit

ii) Stylistic Devices

1) Acrostics

2) Play on sound

3) Graded numbers

3c Implications of Hebrew Poetryi) Poetry is more self-conscious language requiring more thought than prose.

(1) Poetry requires careful consideration how something is said as well as what is said.

“Poetry has an intensified and heightened use of imagery, parallelism, and other literary devises.”

Longman, Guide to OT Theology 111-12

ii) It is meant to be sung, heard and memorized and not just read, studied and analyzed.

(1) Hebrew Poetry is music without notes.

“Psalms are poems, and poems intended to be sung: not doctrinal treatises, nor even sermons…. Most

emphatically the Psalms must be read as poems; as lyrics, with all the licenses and all the formalities, the

hyperboles, the emotional rather than logical connections, which are proper to lyric poetry.” CS Lewis,

Reflections on Psalms 2-3.

3c Implications of Hebrew Poetry“…there is no better way to express devotion to God

than through song. Much of the poetry of the Old Testament was originally performed as music. Rather

than a source of theological doctrines, it was the expression of deep faith, whether that of the individual singer or of the community. It has maintained its appeal through centuries because the believing community can join in the song to express its own faith and devotion. Today, the musical score has been lost, but the potent poetic words still provide not only a way to know God,

but even more, a way to voice praise for God who alone is worthy of it.” Lasor, OT Survey, 242.(2) Poetry is to be spoken aloud to elicit the emotional response intended by the author.

“Poetry is to be felt…. Our reaction in reading ought to be such that we feel so intensely with the psalmists that

we cannot think of their words without some form of response.” Allen, Praise! 46.

(3) They therefore “preserve” stories better.

3c Implications of Hebrew Poetry

iii) It is experiential.(1)Poetry communicates the

experience of the author.iv) It tends to be exaggerated.

“Poetry might be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than does ordinary

language.” Perrine, Sound and Sense, 4.

v) They are best read in their respective historical contexts.

5) WISDOM LITERATURE5) WISDOM LITERATURE

5a GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WISDOM LITERATURE

i. Akin to popular sayings.ii. Observations in life in made in

terms of down-to-earth objects, creatures, and experiences, with little abstraction or theorizing.

iii. Practical.iv. Didactic in nature: contains an

admonition or moral.v. Short ones are brief, crisp

maxims, usually found in series but yet mutually independent.

vi. Longer ones resemble fables.

5b. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT AND

SPREAD

a) Oral Transmissionb) Connected to religious and magical practices c) Connected to different aspects of life

I) Besides cultic practices, the development of wisdom sayings is also linked to

(1) Politics(2) Child-training(3) Trade(4) Agriculture(5) Commerce

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/Ancient%20Egyptian%20Literature

5bi Origin

I) Biblical wisdom literature had its formal beginnings in the 10th century B.C. Noticeably, it was bolstered from the time of Solomon.

III. 2) Establishment of schools

The continuation of an office for the

wiseman can be attested:

(1) Later, Hezekiah served as a patron of the sages (Prov. 25:1).

(2) Jeremiah admonished the wisemen for turning away from God’s word (Jer. 8:9) and that their counsels will perish (Jer. 18:18).

(3) The first actual mention of a school in Jewish literature is in the time of Sirach (ca 180 B.C.; Sir. 51:23).

5bii Contributors of Biblical Wisdom Literature

I) The wise men or sages (Prov. 1:6; 24:23; 22:17)

(1) The most prominent contributor to the wisdom literature would be Solomon, the patron of Wisdom (1 Kings 3–11)

(2) Other contributors to biblical wisdom literature includesa. Agur (Prov. 30:1–4)

b. Lemuel (Prov. 31:1–9)

c. The authors of Job and Ecclesiastes

II) Ultimately inspired by God.

5c. TYPES OF WISDOM GENRE IN THE BIBLE

Biblical wisdom literature is similar to other ANE wisdom literature in characteristics and form. This could broadly be divided into 2 types:i.Proverbial Wisdomii.Contemplative/speculative Wisdom

5d. Location in the Bible

I) We see glimpses of wisdom literature or the importance of wisdom in many places in the Old Testament.

(1) People who use wisdom and proverbsI) Goliath questioned David with a proverb (1 Sam. 17:43).II) David recited a proverb in defending his innocence to Saul

(1 Sam. 24:13).III) Nathan used a parable to confront David about his sin with

Bathsheba (2 Sam. 12).IV) King Ahab reminds Ben-hadad by way of a proverb not to

prematurely assume victory in battle (1Ki. 20:11).V) Joash rebuffed Amaziah with a proverb (2 Ki. 14:9).VI) Isaiah employs an allegory of the farmer to explain to Israel

that God will not judge them forever (Isa. 28:23ff.).

(2) People who were known as wise

(a) Men(i) Jonadab was known as a shrewd man, even

though he gave evil counsel to Amnon (2 Sam. 13:33-35).

(ii) Ahithophel and his rival, Hushai, were considered to be professional counselors (2 Sam. 15:12–17:23).

(iii) David was known as a man with a God-given ability to discern good and evil (2 Sam. 14:17).

(iv) In addition to Solomon, four people were held

up as wise sages (1 Ki. 4:31).

6b. Location of Wisdom Literature

I) In the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes

6b. Location of Wisdom Literature

I) In the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes

II) The Wisdom Psalms (1, 19, 32, 34, 37, 49, 73, 78, 112, 119, 127, 128, 133).

III) In the Apocrypha

5e. OTHER DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF BIBLICAL WISDOM

i. Wisdom literature makes no mention of the Patriarchs, the Exodus, Moses, the Sinai Covenant, of the Davidic covenant (i.e., redemptive history).

ii. Wisdom literature focuses attention on how individuals can find God rather than on success as the nation of Israel.

iii. Wisdom literature is applicable to all people at any period in history (e.g., not limited by a particular historical context).

iv. Wisdom literature is very practical dealing with everyday issues and very practical examples. It is far from abstraction, mysticism and philosophy.

v. It differs from other ANE wisdom literature because it is not secular. Underlining each the general layout of each of the wisdom literature in the Bible is the notation that above all, the fear of God is the beginning of all wisdom.

i. The theme of “the fear of the Lord” can be seen in all three books (Prov. 1:7; 9:10; cf. Job 28:28; Eccl. 12:13).

APPENDIX A

Types of Hebrew Parallelism

The Lord is my light and my salvation—whom shall I fear?The Lord is the stronghold of my life—of whom shall I be afraid?

APPENDIX BMajor Figures of Speech in Hebrew Poetry

IMPORTANT IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENTANNOUNCEMENTSBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars packed SBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars packed

at the Basement may be blocked.at the Basement may be blocked.

If your vehicle is parked in the Basement If your vehicle is parked in the Basement Carpark, kindly move it to the Canal Carpark Carpark, kindly move it to the Canal Carpark

during the BREAK.during the BREAK.

Documents

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT SBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars packed at the Basement may be blocked. If your vehicle is parked in the Basement