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01.08.2012 Seite 1 Page 1 RAC NAMA Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and climate change GIZ Proklima Bangkok, 31st July 2012

Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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Page 1: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 1 Page 1

RAC NAMA

Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and climate change

GIZ Proklima

Bangkok, 31st July 2012

Page 2: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 2 Page 2

RAC NAMA

Agenda

NAMA Example: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC)

Towards a NAMA in the RAC&FB sector in Thailand

Rational for NAMAs in the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning & Foam Blowing sector

Page 3: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3

RAC NAMA

Agenda

NAMA Example: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC)

Towards a NAMA in the RAC&FB sector in Thailand

Rational for NAMAs in the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning & Foam Blowing sector

Page 4: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 4 Page 4

RAC NAMA

Background – Climate Impact Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Ref

riger

atio

n +

AC

Fo

ams

ODP

Direct Emissions

Indirect Emissions

15-20% of world electricity consumption!!*

CO2eq.

CO2

HFC

CFC, HCFC

*IIR, 2002

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01.08.2012 Seite 5 Page 5

RAC NAMA

Background – From CFC, HCFC to HFC U

NE

P/W

MO

Ozo

ne

Ass

essm

ent,

2006

(ODPs) (GWPs)

CO2 = 1 CFC-11 = 1

Climate Ozone

HFCs have no effect on the ozone layer, but are potent greenhouse gases.

HFCs have no effect on the ozone layer, but are potent greenhouse gases.

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RAC NAMA

There are climate-friendly alternatives! Refrigerant Group Atmospheric

life ODP GWP

R11 CFC 130 1 4000 R12 CFC 130 1 8500 R22 HCFC 15 .05 1500 R134a HFC 16 0 1300 R404a HFC 16 0 3260 R410a HFC 16 0 1720 R507 HFC 130 1 3300 R717 NH3 - 0 0 R744 CO2 - 0 1 R290 HC < 1 0 8 R600a HC < 1 0 8

High GWP “Drop-Ins” High GWP “Drop-Ins”

Low GWP Natural

Refrigerants

Low GWP Natural

Refrigerants

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RAC NAMA

Projected Emissions from ODS (Scenario without Montreal Protocol)

Total CO2 Emissions

Actual ODS Emissions

1987: Montreal Protocol

2010: Completion of CFC Phase-out

Maximum

Minimum

Abated Emissions

Global Warming Potential of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)

Magnitude of Kyoto Protocol Reduction Target (2012)

Source:

Projected Emissions from ODS (Scenario without Montreal Protocol)

Total CO2 Emissions

Actual ODS Emissions

1987: Montreal Protocol

2010: Completion of CFC Phase-out

Maximum

Minimum

Abated Emissions

Global Warming Potential of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)

Magnitude of Kyoto Protocol Reduction Target (2012)

Projected Emissions from ODS (Scenario without Montreal Protocol)

Total CO2 Emissions

Actual ODS Emissions

1987: Montreal Protocol

2010: Completion of CFC Phase-out

Maximum

Minimum

Abated Emissions

Global Warming Potential of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)

Magnitude of Kyoto Protocol Reduction Target (2012)

Magnitude of Kyoto Protocol Reduction Target (2012)

Source:Source:

GWP-weighted emission reductions through the Montreal Protocol

Page 8: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Fig A: Predicted Growth of HFCs without constraint Fig B: HFC share of global GHG-emissions (compare HFC high vs. 450 ppm stabilization szenario –> blue dotted line) Source: Velders, Guus J.M. et.al., 2009

Estimated HFC emissions till 2050

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01.08.2012 Seite 9 Page 9

RAC NAMA

Worldwide HFC-emissions projection till 2050

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Gt C

O2eq 

2050: 43,5% of total CO2eq emissions 2010: 1,3% of total  

CO2eq emissions 

total CO2 emissions target in order to achieve 450 ppm atmospheric concentration levels (IPCC 3rd Assessment Report)  

HFC‐emissions 

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RAC NAMA

CFC-, HCFC- and HFC-consumption in developing countries: Business as Usual

0

500

1,000

1,500

kt S

ubst

ance

FCKW HFCKW HFKW

Prognosis

CFC HCF HFC

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

Mt C

O2e

q.

FCKW HFCKW

Prognosis

CFC HCFC HFC

Source: UNEP and own projections

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01.08.2012 Seite 11 Page 11

RAC NAMA

01 08 20

Source: UN Dept. of Public Information, 2009

Total emission reduction potential including banks

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RAC NAMA

 ‐

 500

 1,000

 1,500

 2,000

 2,500

 3,000

 3,500

 4,000

 4,500

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Mt C

O2eq 

Other Foam

Stationary AC Mobile AC

Domestic refrigeration Commercial refrigeration

Refrigerated transport Industrial refrigeration

Global demand (mainly for AC) will drive demand for refrigerants (unabated) )

AC demand - more people - moving in cities - warm and humid climates - warmer world - more wealth - more ACs,.....

Similar drivers for - commercial refrigeration - industrial refrigeration - mobile AC and refrig.

Page 13: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 13 Page 13

RAC NAMA

There are alternatives for (nearly) all applications!

Mobile AC

HC HC

Domestic Ref.

CO2, HC

CO2, HC HC HC

AC

CO2/ HC

CO2/ HC

Foams

NH3 NH3

Industr. Ref.

CO2 CO2

Comm. Ref.

Page 14: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

AC Multi Split systems A5

AC Multi Split systems A5

AC Split systems A2

AC Split systems A2

AC Split systems A5 AC Split systems A5

Industrial A5

Industrial A5

Industrial A2

Industrial A2

… and often they make better economics!

World 2020 Scenario

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01.08.2012 Seite 15 Page 15

RAC NAMA

Strong reduction possible … to a large extent without additional costs to the society

 ‐

 500

 1.000

 1.500

 2.000

 2.500

 3.000

 3.500

2002 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027

Mt C

O2eq

 HFC c

onsump

tion

BAU t CO2e RED t CO2e

Page 16: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

 ‐

 500

 1,000

 1,500

 2,000

 2,500

 3,000

 3,500

 4,000

 4,500

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Mt C

O2eq 

• Room AC China/ India (HC R290)

• Central Chiller Mauritius (NH3) HPMP XPS Foam Sector Plan China (HC, CO2)

… addressing alternative solutions in key countries and subsectors ..

• Mobile AC – South Africa - trans. Refrigeration (CO2)

• Commercial Refrigeration – SA (NH3, CO2)

• Domestic Refrigeration – Swaziland (HC)

Page 17: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

NAMA Example: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC)

Towards a NAMA in the RAC&FB sector in Thailand

Rational for NAMAs in the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning & Foam Blowing sector

Agenda

Page 18: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Abatement options – supermarkets

Abatement Option Expected result

Reduction of leakages Reduction of direct emissions

Introduce Low-GWP refrigerant Reduction of direct emissions

Improvement of energy efficiency Reduction of indirect emissions

Conventional technology

Centralised pack concept, HCFC-22 High leakage rate, large refrigerant charge

Page 19: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Sample NAMA mitigation scenario

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Mt C

O2e

q

BAU NAMA

• BAU with direct and indirect emissions

• 1% growth of stores p.a.

• 5% of stores are

converted annually (app. 55 p.a.)

• 20% efficiency improvement compared to conv.

• 100% direct

emissions avoided

Page 20: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

NAMA Example: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC)

Towards a NAMA in the RAC&FB sector in Thailand

Rational for NAMAs in the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning & Foam Blowing sector

Agenda

Page 21: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 21 Page 21

RAC NAMA

0

50

100

150

200

250

Mt C

O2eqTotal emissions and Reduction potential 

BAU

DER

DEREE

RAC Emission pathways for Thailand (preliminary results!)

Page 22: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 22 Page 22

RAC NAMA

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35Mt C

O2 eqTotal Direct Emissions

BAUDER

RAC Emission pathways for Thailand (preliminary results!)

Page 23: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 23 Page 23

RAC NAMA

Working Plan: RAC&FB NAMA in Thailand

Part I: Inventory/ Stakeholder Engagement

Stakeholder (Industry) Engagement

Establishment of Inventory

Step 1

Step 2

Part II: Preparing NAMA Description Document (NAMA-DD)

Step 3 Defining Sector BAU and Mitigation Scenarios

Step 4 Identification of Subsectors for Mitigation Action

Step 5 Alternative Technologies + Barrier Removal

Step 6 Policy and Financing

Step 7 Roadmap

Step 8 Upload NAMA – DD for Registration

Part III: NAMA Implementation

Step 9 Enabling implementation of measures

Step 10 Step 11 NAMA Progress and verification of emission reductions

NAMA support framework

Institutional developm

ent and stakeholder engagem

ent

Page 24: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

01.08.2012 Seite 24 Page 24

RAC NAMA

Chemical Substances Manufacturers

Chemical Substances Importers

Car Manufacturers(A/C in Cars, Trucks, Refrigerated Vehicles)

Appliances Manufacturers

Garages (refilling services)

A/C Manufacturers(Chiller Type)

A/C Manufacturers(Packages, Split Types)

Refrigerants/Aerosols 

Dealers

Direct Sales

Dealers(Own 

Service)

Direct Sales

End users

Likely to have Substances Storages

End users• Retail store,• home• commercial buildings• industries• other general use

Dealers(Own 

Service)

Direct Sales

Services Companies (refilling services)

Refrigeration Manufacturers

Recycling Services Companies

Recycling Services Companies

Heat Pump Manufacturers

(Source: Bright Management)

Page 25: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Cell type Sub‐application Open cell type PU Flexible Foam Continuous

PU Flexible Foam Discontinuous PU Flexible Moulded Foam

  PU Integral Skin Foam Closed cell type PU Continuous Panel

PU Continuous Flexible panel PU Discontinuous Panel PU Appliance Foam PU Continuous Block PU Discontinuous Block PU Spray Foam PU Pipe‐in‐Pipe PU OCF (bottle foam) PU Rigid foam all other applications

  XPS Extruded Polystyrene boards

RAC categories

Foam categories

Sector Subsector Unitary air conditioning Self‐contained air conditioners

Split residential air conditioners Split commercial air conditioners Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial ducted splits Rooftop ducted

  Multi‐splits Chillers Air conditioning chillers   Process chillers Mobile AC Car air conditioning   Large vehicle air conditioning Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand‐alone equipment

Condensing units   Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Stand‐alone equipment

Condensing units   Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

(UNEP RTOC, 2010, modified)

Page 26: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Inventory: Appliance numbers (equipment) in Thailand Estimate of Bank, Demand and Emissions Production of appliances

(First Fill)Stock (=appliances in use)  Bank

ManufactureEmissions

ServiceEmissions (Refill)

DisposalEmissions

Total Emissions

Direct Emissions

Energy Consumption

Indirect EmissionsFill    Refill

Demand

Following the Tier 2a emission-factor approach (IPCC, 2006)

Page 27: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Sales figures Refrigerant DistributionSales figures

Stock figures Refrigerant DistributionStock figures

Sub‐sector Calculations 

Domestic Production

Imports & Exports

Initial charge Emission factors Growth rates Energy consumption

Emissions Demand per refrigerant

BankDemand

∑ Sub‐sectors

Total emssions Total Demand Total Bank UNFCCC CRF

Inpu

tCa

lculations

Results

Page 28: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Sales figures Refrigerant DistributionSales figures

Stock figures Refrigerant DistributionStock figures

Sub‐sector Calculations 

Domestic Production

Imports & Exports

Initial charge Emission factors Growth rates Energy consumption

Emissions Demand per refrigerant

BankDemand

∑ Sub‐sectors

Total emssions Total Demand Total Bank

Inpu

tCa

lculations

Results

Penetration Ratesof different abatement options

UNFCCC CRF

Page 29: Importance of RAC sector focusing on ozone depletion and …thai-german-cooperation.info/download/nama_tgo2.pdf · 01.08.2012 Seite 3 Page 3 RAC NAMA Agenda NAMA Example: Refrigeration

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RAC NAMA

Feed vintage bottom-up model with inventory data from Thailand How many units are produced in your country?    

Sector  Sub‐sector  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010 Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners                              Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners                              Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners                              Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners                              Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits                              Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted                              Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits                              Chillers  Air conditioning chillers                              Chillers  Process chillers                              Mobile AC  Car air conditioning                              Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning                              Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration                              Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment                              Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units                              Commercial Refrigeration  Centralised systems for supermarkets                              Industrial Refrigeration  Integral                              Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units                              Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems                              Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers                              

How many units are sold in your country?    Sector  Sub‐sector  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010 Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners                             Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners                             Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners                             Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners                             Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits                             Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted                             Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits                             Chillers  Air conditioning chillers                             Chillers  Process chillers                             Mobile AC  Car air conditioning                             Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning                             Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration                             Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment                             Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units                             

Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets                             

Industrial Refrigeration  Integral                             Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units                             Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems                             Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers                             

Refrigeration and air conditioning How many units are in operation (current use) in your country ?    Sector  Sub‐sector  2000  2001  2002  2003 Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners               Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners               Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners               Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners               Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits               Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted               Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits               Chillers  Air conditioning chillers               Chillers  Process chillers               Mobile AC  Car air conditioning               Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning               Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration               Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment               Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units               Commercial Refrigeration  Centralised systems for supermarkets               Industrial Refrigeration  Integral               Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units               Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems               Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers               

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RAC NAMA Technical parameters needed Refrigeration and air conditioning Inital Charge in New units [kg]                       

Sector  Sub‐sector 

Please choose the dominant refrigerantfrom the drop‐down list (Therefore clickon the cell below)  2000  2005  2010  2015  2020  2025  2030 

Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners                     Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners                     Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners                     Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners                     Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits                     Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted                     Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits                     Chillers  Air conditioning chillers                     Chillers  Process chillers                     Mobile AC  Car air conditioning                     Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning                     Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration                     Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment                     Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units                     Commercial Refrigeration  Centralised systems for supermarkets                     Industrial Refrigeration  Integral                     Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units                     Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems                     Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers                     

Manufacture  Emission  Factors  (% of Initial Charge)                       Sector  Sub‐sector  Refrigerant  2000  2005  2010  2015  2020  2025  2030 Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits  0                 Chillers  Air conditioning chillers  0                 Chillers  Process chillers  0                 Mobile AC  Car air conditioning  0                 Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning  0                 Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration  0                 Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment  0                 Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units  0                 Commercial Refrigeration  Centralised systems for supermarkets  0                 Industrial Refrigeration  Integral  0                 Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units  0                 Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems  0                 Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers  0                 

Servicing  Emission  Factors    (%  ofInitial Charge)                         Sector  Sub‐sector  Refrigerant  2000  2005  2010  2015  2020  2025  2030 Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners  0                  Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners  0                  Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners  0                  Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners  0                  Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits  0                  Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted  0                  Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits  0                  Chillers  Air conditioning chillers  0                  Chillers  Process chillers  0                  Mobile AC  Car air conditioning  0                  Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning  0                  Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration  0                  Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment  0                  Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units  0                  Commercial Refrigeration  Centralised systems for supermarkets  0                  Industrial Refrigeration  Integral  0                  Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units  0                  Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems  0                  Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers  0                  

Average  cooling  capacity  per  unit[kW]                         Sector  Sub‐sector  Refrigerant  2000  2005  2010  2015  2020  2025  203Unitary air conditioning  Self‐contained air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Split residential air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Split commercial air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Duct split residential air conditioners  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Commercial ducted splits  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Rooftop ducted  0                 Unitary air conditioning  Multi‐splits  0                 Chillers  Air conditioning chillers  0                 Chillers  Process chillers  0                 Mobile AC  Car air conditioning  0                 Mobile AC  Large vehicle air conditioning  0                 Domestic refrigeration  Domestic refrigeration  0                 Commercial Refrigeration  Stand‐alone equipment  0                 Commercial Refrigeration  Condensing units  0                 Commercial Refrigeration  Centralised systems for supermarkets  0                 Industrial Refrigeration  Integral  0                 Industrial Refrigeration  Condensing units  0                 Industrial Refrigeration  Centralised systems  0                 Transport Refrigeration  Refrigerated trucks/trailers  0                 

Initial charge

Manufacture Emission Factors

Servicing Emission Factors

Average cooling capacity

etc.

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RAC NAMA

Business as usual (BAU) simulations for Thailand (preliminary results!)

0

50

100

150

200

250

Mt C

O2 eq

Total Emissions (Direct + Indirect)

Transport Refrigeration

Industrial Refrigeration

Commercial Refrigeration

Domestic refrigeration

Mobile AC

Chillers

Unitary air conditioning

2010

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RAC NAMA

BAU Direct and Indirect Emissions: Commercial Refrigeration Stand alone units (e.g. bottle cooler and ice cream freezers)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

Mt C

O2eq

Direct emissions

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

Mt C

O2eq

Indirect emissions

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

Mt C

O2eq

Direct emissions

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Mt C

O2eq

Indirect emissions

Centralized systems (large supermarket)

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RAC NAMA

BAU and Mitigation Scenarios – Centralized Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Metric

 tonn

es

Demand BAU

Others

HFC

HCFC

CFC

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

Mt C

O2eq

Direct emissions

DER

BAU

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

Mt C

O2eq

Indirect emissions

DEREE

BAU

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Mt C

O2 eq

Demand (Fill + Refill)

DERTO

DEREE

BAU

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RAC NAMA

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

Mt C

O2eqTotal emissions

DER

DEREE

BAU

BAU and Mitigation Scenarios – Centralized Systems

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RAC NAMA

BAU and Mitigation Scenarios – Process Chillers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35Mt C

O2eqTotal emissions

DER

DEREE

BAU

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RAC NAMA

Reduce 50% of (direct) emissions at negative costs

‐40.0

‐20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

0 10 20 30 40

€/t C

O2 eq

Mt CO2eq

MACC 2030 ‐ Direct emissions

Multi splits Com. Refr.  ‐ Condensing Units

Process chiller

AC split residential

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RAC NAMA

0

50

100

150

200

250

Mt C

O2eqTotal emissions and Reduction potential 

BAU

DER

DEREE

RAC Emission pathways for Thailand (preliminary results!)

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RAC NAMA

Thank you for your kind attention!