Importance of a Healthy Breakfast on a Daily Basis

Amanda BadgleyShanwyon Bradley

Mary DuncanLaura Maclam

Kimberly MillerSara Tonder

Introduction

Breakfast is said to be the most important meal of the day. But why does it have this title?

This presentation will explain this by looking at the School aged children Relevance of a healthy breakfast Effects on health Health effects of skipping breakfast Social determinants to eating breakfast Effects on the community

Goals will be established, a plan of action will be made, measured and evaluated

Relevance of Healthy Breakfast

Providing school-aged children with an appropriate healthy breakfast promotes a healthy lifestyle

Eating a healthy breakfast is important for children to have healthier bodies and minds

Introducing good eating habits to school-aged children teaches healthy habits

(Hoyland, et al, 2009)

Health effects of skipping breakfast

Children who eat a healthy breakfast are more likely to: Meet daily nutrient requirements Concentrate better Have better problem-solving skills Have better hand-eye coordination Be more alert Be more creative Miss fewer days of school Be more physically active Eat more vitamins and minerals Reduce the risk of childhood obesity

(Hoyland, et al, 2009)

Health effects of skipping breakfast

Breakfast contributes to daily energy and nutrient intake for school-aged children

Missing breakfast can have negative effects on children “Children who miss breakfast have significantly worse daily nutrient intakes,

including higher intakes of total fat, and lower intakes of dietary fiber and micronutrients than those who eat breakfast” (Mhurchu, 2010).

Because breakfast provides a large amount of both vitamin D and calcium, children that skip it will be below the level of recommended intake of calcium (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012).

Children will consume less daily energy, vitamins, and minerals which they are not able to make up for at other meals (Miller, Forgac, Cline, McBean, 1998). “Breakfast provides 16% of children's daily energy intake, around one-third of

calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin and folate intakes, and one-fifth of zinc intake” (Mhurchu, 2010).

Health effects of skipping breakfast

People believe that skipping breakfast helps with weight loss when in actuality it causes weight gain A study done in 2008 showed that those who ate a daily breakfast had a

lower BMI then those who did not eat a daily breakfast (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012).

Decreases students concentration and they have less energy when at school Studies show that kids who eat breakfast function better overall (Miller,

Forgac, Cline, McBean, 1998). “Hungry children may lack the energy and motivation to become involved

in classroom activities, while malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies have been shown to impact physical, mental, and social health, and reduce cognitive functioning” (Mhurchu, 2010).

Eating a healthy breakfast effects children’s mental functioning as well as physical functioning “School breakfast programs have benefits in relation to nutrition, school

attendance, academic performance and psychosocial function” (Mhurchu, 2010).

Health effects of skipping breakfast

By skipping breakfast children have greater levels of hunger later on in the day which leads to overeating (Kral, Whiteford, Heo, Faith, 2011).

Studies have shown that those that skip breakfast as children and adults tend to have higher fasting insulin levels, increased triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL levels, and increase in waist circumference (Smith, Gall, McNaughton, Blizzard, Dwyer, Venn, 2010).

Since skipping breakfast leads to overeating, this could lead to obesity and result in diabetes and heart disease

Demographics

• 8-12% of all schooled aged children skip breakfast

• By adolescence 20-30% have completely given up eating breakfast in the morning

• 17% of adolescents aged 12-19 years old are overweight or obese which is causing future health problems

• Studies preformed showed that between 1965-1991 there was a decrease of breakfast consumption between 5% of preschoolers, 9% of 8-10 year olds and 13-20% of adolescents

• Of 11-15 year olds only 54% of boys and 42% of

girls ate a daily breakfast

Social Determinants

Too busy to make a breakfast in the morning

Up too late which means they would prefer to sleep in longer then get up to eat breakfast

Way to lose weight

Social Determinants of Diet

Knowledge and attitudesSkillsSocial supportSocietal and cultural normsFood and agricultural policiesFood assistance programsEconomic price systems

Physical Determinants of Diet

Access to and availability of healthier foodsPlaces where people eatMarketing’s influence on food choices

Effects on the Community

Promoting healthy breakfast consumption for children creates a positive impact on a community

Having a healthy breakfast program in schools provides a positive role model for children for healthier eating (Tanaka & Miyoshi, 2012).

Having higher academic outcomes and school attendance is important to most communities “Breakfast consumption is associated with a range of

positive outcomes, including better school attendance, academic performance, nutrient intake, fitness, and healthier body weight” (Mhurchu, 2010).

Statistics related to skipping breakfast and obesity

A greater number of eating episodes each day was associated with a lower risk of obesity

Skipping breakfast was associated with increased prevalence of obesity , as was greater frequency of eating breakfast or dinner away from home.

Several characteristics of dietary behavior such as eating frequency, the temporal distribution of eating events across the day, breakfast skipping, and the frequency of meals eaten away from home, together referred to as “eating patterns,” may influence body weight.

Skipping breakfast was associated with a significantly higher risk of obesity. Subjects who regularly skipped breakfast had 4.5 times the risk of obesity as those who regularly consumed breakfast.

(Ma et al., 2003)

Healthy People Goals 2020

Increase the proportion of schools with a school breakfast program• Currently 68.6 percent of schools overall had a school breakfast program in

2006.• The target goal for 2020 is that 75.5 percent of school have a breakfast

program

Increase the proportion of physician visits made by all child or adult patients that include counseling about nutrition and diet• Currently 12.2 percent of all physician office visits include counseling about

either nutrition or diet as of 2007• The target goal for 2020 is 15.2 percent of physician office visits include

counseling about nutrition or diet

Increase the proportion of students in grade 9 through 12 who get sufficient sleep• Currently 30.9 percent of students in grades 9 through 12 get sufficient

sleep which is considered 8 or more hours• The target goals for 2020 is 33.2 percent of student in grade 9 through 12

get sufficient sleep

Nutrition and Weight Status for Healthy People 2020

Reflects strong science supporting the health benefits of eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy body weight.

Objective: Change to a healthy diet and weight while including individual behaviors while encompassing the policies and environments that support an individuals behaviors. Examples: schools, work settings, and communities.

Nutrition and Weight Status for Health People 2020

Goal:Promote healthy diet and healthy weightIncrease household food securityEliminate hungerPromote growth and development of childrenReduce risk for many health conditions including:

obesity, malnutrition, iron-deficiency anemia, heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis.

(U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2013)

Educating the Public

Despite the wide availability of school breakfast programs and the preponderance of evidence that breakfast consumption has positive effects on the students ability to learn and function in the school setting, many students do not eat breakfast.

A survey of students at a large Midwestern high school identified the main barriers to breakfast consumption as not having enough time in the morning to eat and not feeling hungry before school (Olsta, 2013).

Goals

Ways to Achieve the Goals One way to achieve the goal of every student eating breakfast, is to make it free or reduced cost regardless of what the parents income is.Some children in the US today are even missing lunch because they do not qualify for reduced lunch because of their parents income, but the parents can not afford lunch. Another way to accomplish this goal would be to allow students to eat their breakfast in class.

Support

How to get Community Support

One way to get community support is to organize school fundraisers.

A proven way to get community support is to get the schools to participate in Box Tops for Education.

Another way to promote Box Tops for Education is to advertise in the community news papers that your particular school is participating in this program to raise money for the School Breakfast Program.

Measuring Success

Measuring success of school breakfast programs involves the accumulation and evaluation of contributing factors that have resulted in an outcome, either positive or negative.

Some factors worth considering include: how many students participate in the program, changes in attendance, improvement in grades, and changes noted in behavior patterns.

Participation hurdles such as cost to schools and families have been found significant. (Klienman, Hall, Green, Korzac-Ramirez, Patton, Pagano & Murphy, 2002)

Evaluation

Information should be obtained from school staff and shared with parents.

Self evaluation by students is a valuable tool in assessing individual perspective.

Improvements may be made based on the results of surveys that have been distributed to staff and family members. Feedback from staff, parents and administrators is imperative for evaluation.

Quarterly and then yearly reviews will be beneficial when implementing ongoing improvements to the program.

School BreakfastEvaluationPART 1Administrators/PrincipalsGeneral Information1) Where is School Breakfast served? Cafeteria _______ Classroom _______Other _______ If other, please describe location: _______________________2) Has school attendance improved since implementing the School BreakfastProgram (SBP)?Yes ______ No ______ If yes, by what percentage: _____________________3) How would you rate your overall satisfaction of the SBP?1 2 3 4 5Poor Below Average Average Above Average ExcellentTardiness4) What was your school’s tardiness percentage before you started the SBP (prior 3months)? ________5) What is your school’s tardiness percentage now? ________Discipline Referrals6) Did you have any discipline referrals before you started the SBP (prior 3months)? Yes _____ No _____ If yes, how many? ________7) Did you have any discipline referrals during the three months the SBP wasoperating? Yes _____ No _____ If yes, how many? ________Program Evaluation - 4School BreakfastEvaluation (USDA)

Conclusion

• Breakfast is the most important meal of the day because it gives us the energy and nutrients to start the day out right

• To help children decrease their risk for health complications related to not eating breakfast it is important for us to provide them with the tools to do so

• Providing a breakfast based school program for all schools will make a huge dent in meeting the Healthy People 2020 Goals

• As always funding is an issue but the use of the BoxTops program and getting the community involved will help tremendously

• By providing education to the public and giving these children the resources they need we will be able to make eating a healthy breakfast a part of every kids day.

References

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References

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Mhurchu, C. N., Turley, M., Gorton, D., Jiang, Y., Michie, J., Maddison, R., & Hattie, J. (2010). Effects of a free school breakfast programme on school attendance, achievement,

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References

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Reference

Smith, K. J., Gall, S. L., McNaughton, S. A., Blizzard, L., Dwyer, T., & Venn, A. J. (2010, December). Skipping breakfast: Longitudinal associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the childhood determinants of adult health study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92(6), 1316-1325. Retrieved from http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/92/6/1316.long

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Reference

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