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Implications of soy-cattle integration and multiple property use for
zero-deforestation soy in Brazil
Lisa Rausch & Holly Gibbs
Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE)University of Wisconsin
2006 Soy Moratorium –> zero-defor soy in Amazon
2Gibbs, Rausch, et al. Science. 2015
Amazon deforestation for soy stopped during Soy Moratorium,
Cerrado clearing continued
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Gibbs, Rausch, et al. Science. 2015SM
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Moratorium vs. Forest Codecompliance on properties
Soy properties 5x more likely to
deforest illegally than to violate the
Soy Moratorium
Gibbs, Rausch, et al. Science. 2015
Producers, properties, and zero-defor soy
• Why did producers remain compliant with SM but continue deforesting?
• Does this deforestation pose any risk for future of zero-deforestation soy?
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MunicipalityProducers Surveyed
(n)
Est. % of producers
in muni surveyed
Feliz Natal 15 32
Nova Ubirata 14 9
Gaucha do Norte
36 50
SFA 15 100
Querencia key informants only
TOTAL 88
over 100 interviews, incl. 28 key informants
Field Sample and Study Area
Rausch & Gibbs, under review
Soy-cattle integration
• 19% had soy and cattle integrated on same farm
• 27% integrated soy and cattle in their production system (among total properties they own and rent)
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Ongoing defor on soy props
• Deforestation verified for soy fields only
– problems may abound on rest of property
• Soy-cattle integration leads to “on-property displacement”? More efficient land use?
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Soy producers’ property holdings are complex
MunicipalityAverage number
of properties used
Feliz Natal (n=15) 2.1
Nova Ubirata(n=14)
2.2
Gaucha do Norte (n=36)
>3.03
Sao Felix (n=14) 3
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63%of producers had multiple properties
40% used a rental property
for soy
Complex property holdings pose risks for zero-defor soy?
Traders check blacklists, but…– Often only for one property
– Mismatches between blacklists and current property owners; add’l mismatches from rentals
– Traders limit soy purchases, but producers can still launder by selling to multiple traders
So far satellite data show little possibility of defor leaking into supply chain but increasing
deforestation rates may raise risk
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Bringing it all together
• Deforestation rates way down since mid-2000s– Amazon soy zero-defor since 2006 Soy Moratorium
• Land use trends of multiple props, rentals & soy-cattle integration reveal vulnerabilities in current soy sector governance, especially at verification
• Recommended improvements to ensure durability of zero-defor soy:– Verifying defor for whole property– greater transparency about soy sourcing– continued improvements in government forest protection
efforts to complement and support
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Thank you!
[email protected]://www.gibbs-lab.com/
Gibbs, H. K., Rausch, L. et al. "Brazil’s Soy Moratorium." Science 347.6220 (2015): 377-378.
Rausch, L. and Gibbs, H.K. Property Arrangements and Soy Governance in the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso: Implications for Deforestation-Free Production. Under Review.
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