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Implications of Crossbreeding on Dairy Cattle Improvement. Paul VanRaden and Ashley Sanders Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD [email protected], [email protected]. Crossbreeding Theory Holstein Brown Swiss Protein Yield. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (1)
Implications of Crossbreeding Implications of Crossbreeding on Dairy Cattle Improvementon Dairy Cattle Improvement
Paul VanRaden and Ashley SandersPaul VanRaden and Ashley SandersAnimal Improvement Programs LaboratoryAgricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, [email protected]@aipl.arsusda.govgov, , asandersasanders@@aiplaipl..arsusdaarsusda..govgov
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (2)
00 2525 5050 7575 100100
0.880.88
0.900.90
0.920.92
0.940.94
0.960.96
Prot
ein
kg/d
Prot
ein
kg/d
% Holstein genes% Holstein genes
0.860.86
—— Holstein meanHolstein mean
Crossbreeding TheoryCrossbreeding Theory Holstein Holstein Brown Swiss Protein Yield Brown Swiss Protein Yield
——A+Dominance (D)A+Dominance (D) max heterosis (H)max heterosis (H)—— A+D min HA+D min H—— A+D+AA+D+AA max HA max H—— A+D+AA+D+AA min HA min H
—— Additive (A) onlyAdditive (A) only
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (3)
Crossbreeding ResearchCrossbreeding Research
Document current levels of crossbreeding in the US Document current levels of crossbreeding in the US from DHI data.from DHI data. 3500 parent-identified crossbreds cows born in 1997. 600,000 sire-identified Holsteins. 35,000 sire-identified Jerseys.
Determine if crossbreeding makes sense in dairy Determine if crossbreeding makes sense in dairy cattle.cattle.
If yes, advise breeders on possible selection and If yes, advise breeders on possible selection and mating systems across breeds.mating systems across breeds.
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (4)
Crossbred and Purebred DataCrossbred and Purebred Data
Yield and SCS dataYield and SCS data 572 herds each with at least 5 crossbred cows. 10,442 F1 crossbred cows born since 1990. 140,421 purebred herdmates (80% were Holstein).
Productive life dataProductive life data 41,131 crossbred cows born since 1960. 726,344 purebred herdmates.
Other traitsOther traits Body size breed means and heterosis from literature. Udder, feet and legs, calving ease, etc. values were 0.
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (5)
Breed Differences & Heterosis for Breed Differences & Heterosis for Economic Merit Economic Merit
BreedBreed Net Merit ($)Net Merit ($) Cheese Merit ($)Cheese Merit ($) Fluid Merit ($)Fluid Merit ($)
AyrshireAyrshire -510-510 -469-469 -728-728Brown SwissBrown Swiss -355-355 -256-256 -808-808
GuernseyGuernsey -761-761 -692-692 -1117-1117JerseyJersey -305-305 -186-186 -865-865
M. ShorthornM. Shorthorn -892-892 -862-862 -1073-1073HolsteinHolstein —— —— ——
HeterosisHeterosis $197$197 $207$207 $163$163
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (6)
Merit of FMerit of F11 Holstein Crossbreds Holstein Crossbreds
Second BreedSecond BreedNet Net
Merit ($)Merit ($)CheeseCheeseMerit ($)Merit ($)
FluidFluidMerit ($)Merit ($)
AyrshireAyrshire -58-58 -27-27 -201-201
Brown SwissBrown Swiss 1818 7979 -241-241
GuernseyGuernsey -184-184 -138-138 -395-395
JerseyJersey 4444 113113 -269-269
M. ShorthornM. Shorthorn -249-249 -223-223 -373-373
Compared to 2000 genetic base for Holstein
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (7)
Mates for Holstein CowsMates for Holstein Cows
Brown SwissBrown Swiss JerseyJersey
Top US SireTop US Sire RansomRansom Fan ClubFan Club
NM$ NM$ (breed scale)(breed scale) $519$519 $467$467Breed Difference Breed Difference (from HOL)(from HOL) - $178- $178 - $153- $153
Heterosis Heterosis (NM$)(NM$) + $197+ $197 + $197+ $197Adjusted NM$ Adjusted NM$ (HOL scale)(HOL scale) $538$538 $511$511
NM$ Rank (HOL scale) 2828 4040CM$ Rank (HOL scale) 1313 1212
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (8)
Separate or Combined Breed Separate or Combined Breed EvaluationsEvaluations
Separate data sets reduce bias in evaluations Separate data sets reduce bias in evaluations within breeds, but some information is lost:within breeds, but some information is lost: Crossbred cows evaluated inaccurately or not at all “Conversion formulas” to compare cows across breeds
New Zealand, Australia, and the Netherlands New Zealand, Australia, and the Netherlands include crossbreds and account for heterosis in include crossbreds and account for heterosis in evaluations.evaluations.
USDA-DHIA evaluations exclude crossbred cows USDA-DHIA evaluations exclude crossbred cows unless identified as part of a “grading-up” program.unless identified as part of a “grading-up” program.
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (9)
Sires with Many Crossbred Sires with Many Crossbred DaughtersDaughters
Sire nameSire nameSireSire
breedbreedPurebredPurebreddaughtersdaughters
DamDambreedbreed
CrossbredCrossbreddaughtersdaughters
J Pete RoseJ Pete Rose BSBS 20792079 HOHO 9090M-B-S BerrettaM-B-S Berretta JEJE 16,47416,474 HOHO 7474I Quiet RevolutionI Quiet Revolution MSMS 301301 HOHO 2121LL Bell HiltonLL Bell Hilton HOHO 28,98928,989 GUGU 1818V JS Bell BossV JS Bell Boss HOHO 22,99822,998 AYAY 1515
Only 113 sires had Only 113 sires had >> 10 crossbred daughters. 10 crossbred daughters.
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (10)
ConclusionsConclusions
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (11)
ConclusionsConclusions
CurrentlyCurrently < 0.5% < 0.5% of DHI cows are crossbred. of DHI cows are crossbred. Heterosis was about Heterosis was about 4%4% for yield traits, for yield traits, < 1%< 1%
(unfavorable) for SCS, and (unfavorable) for SCS, and 1%1% for PL. for PL. Profit from Jersey Profit from Jersey Holstein and Brown Swiss Holstein and Brown Swiss
Holstein crosses was higher than from Holsteins Holstein crosses was higher than from Holsteins when compared at PTA = 0.when compared at PTA = 0.
Fewer extreme PTA bulls are found in minor breeds.Fewer extreme PTA bulls are found in minor breeds. Matings with high additive merit and low inbreeding Matings with high additive merit and low inbreeding
make sense.make sense.
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (12)
Paul VanRaden 2001NAAB / S-284 Meeting, Baltimore, 2001 (13)
Complete Outcross Pedigree!Complete Outcross Pedigree!
Advertisement for Bullcrest Patron SabreAdvertisement for Bullcrest Patron Sabre SIRE: Patron = Blackstar x Ned Boy x Bell MGS: Roebuck = Mark x Bell x Sexation MGGS: Tong = Mars Tony x Chief x Astronaut MGGD = Chairman x Valiant x Elevation
Future daughter inbreeding = 5.6%Future daughter inbreeding = 5.6% Average for active AI Holsteins = 4.9%Average for active AI Holsteins = 4.9% Inbreeding when mated to Jerseys = 0.0%Inbreeding when mated to Jerseys = 0.0%