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Abstract—A workshop was developed to determine a

roadmap for the implementation of smart grids in Colombia. More than 125 participants from different companies, universities, government, etc. took part of this process. According with previously established focus areas, workgroups voted two matrices: Pertinence and Relevance. The results were analyzed to construct an initial roadmap of the Colombian electrical sector in three phases. This road map is a key element to organize the efforts of the electrical sector towards a Smart Grid implementation. Among other possibilities the Carnegie Mellon University Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM) will be used to track the progress of the Smart Grids technologies implementation of the country and of participant utilities in this important program.

Index Terms— Workshop, Smart Grids, Roadmap.

I. INTRODUCTION HE workshop – Technology and Implementation of Smart Grids in the Colombian Electrical Sector– held

in Medellin - Colombia, was developed between November 22 and 24, of 2010. The workshop had participation of representatives of several companies, industry, universities and government, related to the electrical sector and business. The objective of the workshop was to identify the state of the art of Smart Grids development in the country and to collect basic information for initiating the construction of a Smart Grids Road Map, based on the experience and knowledge of the participants. This paper summarizes the methodology, main topics, results and conclusions of the workshop. First, an introduction of the basic considerations and the components of the workshop and roadmap are presented. Then, an example of the methodology and its development is described, and finally the road map with the conclusions of the almost 120 participation is presented. This work is one of the initial tasks of several needed for the implementation

R. Cespedes is partner of RConsulting Group SAS and associate

professor of Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia. renato.cespedes@rcgsas.com.

E. Parra is Associate Professor at the National University of Colombia and Senior Consultant of RConsulting Group SAS, estrella.parra@rcgsas.com.

A. Aldana is MSc student at the National University of Colombia and consultant engineer f RConsulting Group SAS, aaldanami@unal.edu.co

R. Lopez is with XM SA. ESP, Colombia, relopez@xm.com.co M. E. Ruiz is with XM SA. ESP, Colombia, meruiz@xm.com.co

of smart grids in Colombia. Finally, the Colombia Inteligente initiative is introduced as the relationship between the Smart Grid Maturity Model and the roadmap.

II. MOTIVATION Worldwide the electric power systems are changing, they are evolving. There are many achievements in different areas that make you wonder which next steps are in future developments of the electrical sector. Each country facing this question realizes that something needs to be done. But what tasks and in which order need to be addressed and when? The Smart Grids concept is of broad scope, with several approaches depending on each country or region and with different paths that certainly may lead to different results and at different paces. In consequence it is mandatory to evaluate the framework for the implementation of Smart Grids in the specific situation of Colombia. Once a base point and the expected future milestones are established, a path connecting them can be established. The path is a roadmap, a tool for organizing the milestones, activities, projects, requirements, etc, in line with the desired future target or targets. The roadmap´s elements are organized chronologically according with the expectations of each phase. It is useful also to determine what benefits are expected, based on trends and on international experiences. The main actors of the Colombian electrical sector realized the importance of Smart Grids and decided to build a roadmap. The form to discuss the different opinions and points of those actors of view for building the roadmap was developing a workshop. The result of the workshop is the first version of the Colombian Smart Grid roadmap.

III. WORKSHOP

A. Basic Considerations For studying the subjects/topics of the electrical business, the workgroup proposed five main focus areas, according to the value chain: Transmission, Generation, Distribution, Consumer and Support Areas (regulations and standards, telecom-systems, human resources). Each group included sub-groups and the so called elements which are components of the Smart Grids. Each element was defined to be addressed separately, and they were defined in order to reach a common understanding in subjects that are rather new to the audience; this common base was set in a document that defines the elements which

Implementation of Smart Grids in the Colombian Electrical Sector

T

A. Aldana Universidad Nacional

Bogota, Colombia Student Member

R. Cespedes RConsulting Group

Universidad Nacional SM-IEEE

E. Parra Universidad Nacional

Bogota, Colombia Member

R. Lopez XM SA ESP

Medellin, Colombia

M.E. Ruiz XM SA ESP

Medellin, Colombia

978-1-4577-1801-4/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

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was made available to participants. Elements used were about 76 which were part of the following sub-groups:

• Consumer Home Area Networks Demand Side Management Energetic Efficiency Electric Vehicles

• Distribution Infrastructure development Flexible network Smart Operation

• Generation Generation with renewable Centralized generation Market

• Transmission PMUs infrastructure Flexible network with power electronics Asset technologies Advanced operation

• Regulatory and Standards Support Regulation Environmental regulation Standardization

• Human Resources Support Future company Training I+d+i

• ICT Support Communication IT

B. Initial Roadmap According with similar exercises and international experience, the workgroup structured a proposal for the road map, based on five main components: 1) Initial situation: Diagnostic of the present system, using indicators such as efficiency, energy security, fuels, AMI penetration, etc. All indicators are included in the project Metrics. Three Support Areas are defined: Regulatory, Human Resources and ICT. A support area helps the development of all the electrical sector activities. Based in the initial analysis, ten Challenges for the Smart Grids in Colombia are identified: • Service Quality • NIZ (Non-Interconnected

Zones) coverage • Reliability • Industrial and technological

development • Energetic efficiency

• Market structure • Commercial management • Asset Management • Demand Side Management • Energy security

2) Vision: Global concept that includes all the elements of the road map and what is expected to achieve. 3) Objectives: Aligned with the challenges and the vision. The final objectives are a result from the analysis of the workshop.

4) Focus areas: For better understanding of the electrical business, the workgroup uses the typical stages as focus areas: Transmission, Generation, Distribution, Costumer and the support areas. 5) Development phase: Each element has relative priority due many factors. Not all elements can be achieved at the same time. The defined phases are: • Conceptualization (2011-2012): Colombia realizes the

importance of looking towards smart and efficient energy systems. Fundamental basic theory and international experience are studied. Roadmap and vision is consolidated. Projects are formulated.

• Development (2012-2025): New, efficient and smart technologies become part of the Colombian system. International trends are adopted with specific projects.

• Consolidation (2026-…): The energetic culture of the country is oriented to efficient and environmental-friendly systems. New technologies are established as part of the grid.

C. Pertinence Matrix: Designed with the objective to identify:

• Subgroup’s and area pertinence • Challenges without or with few elements • Elements with negative effects • Dependence between subgroups and supports

Fig. 1 presents the components of the Pertinence Matrix.

Fig. 1. Pertinence Matrix structure

Fig. 2 shows the voting criteria.

Fig. 2. Criteria for voting the Pertinence Matrix Components

D. Relevance Matrix: Designed with the following objectives:

• Organize by phases the identified elements • Determine the relative complexity of elements • Determine the priority of elements

Fig. 3 shows the components of the Relevance Matrix.

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Fig. 3. Relevance Matrix structure

Fig. 4 shows the criteria for filling the matrix.

IV. METHODOLOGY Fig. 5 shows the main steps in the workshop.

Fig. 5. Workshop methodology activities

1) Introduction of the workshop’s stages; Day and a half activities included in the program: Brief introduction to Smart Grid concept. Several presentations, group voting, individual voting, workgroup, challenges selection and results description. 2) Wireless voting to general questions about: International and Colombian electrical sector, smart grids deployment, energy trends, drivers for implementation, communications, AMI, Distributed Generation, etc., about 30 questions for setting up the current state and potential of the smart grids. The end of the group voting was the selection of the five main challenges, between the ten challenges initially considered. 3) As part of the presentations, two manufacturers showed their experience on Smart Grids topics. This was good for

having participant’s understanding of international real experiences. 4) Presentation of Roadmap activities; Description of the road map elements, structure, objectives, selected challenges, definition of the composition of workgroups integrating different views of the electrical sector. 5) Explanation of the Pertinence and Relevance Matrix (Section III.C and III.D). 6) Explanation of the use of the Pertinence Matrix, an example with the Transmission group was done using the wireless voting. 7) Eleven workgroups were conformed: Transmission (2), Distribution (3), Generation (2), Consumer (1), Regulation (1), ICTs (1) and Human Resources (1). At each workgroup, everyone voted individually and later they decided as a group, to consolidate the two used matrices. 8) Each workgroup designated a member to present the results and the main conclusions of their work. 9) The workshop was ended.

V. RESULTS The result of the workshop is the roadmap for the implementation of Smart Grids in the electrical sector in Colombia. At the beginning a preliminary/empty roadmap was introduced to the audience. The Metrics and Support Areas remains the same, but the challenges were focused in five main: Asset Management, Energetic Efficiency, Energy Security, Demand Response and Reliability. Those challenges were selected at the second step of the methodology. The vision of the Colombian electrical sector was defined as: The objectives, aligned with the selected challenges, are: • Take infrastructure decisions according with the Asset

Management criteria to ensure a correct use of the assets conditions maximizing their capabilities.

• Improve the efficiency in the entire value chain

Fig. 4. Criteria for the Relevance Matrix

Develop, operate and maintain an electric power and energy system in a more secure, efficient, reliable, economic and environment-friendly form, taking care of the requirements – defining quantitatively and by quality - the electric energy supply of an active demand.

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• To plan, develop, operate and maintain the electric power system based on high reliability criteria, implementing the technological developments

• Evolve the consumer to a proactive participant in the electrical business, be aware of his characteristics and allowing for them to have a structured decision power

• Ensure the energy security for the country development The main results obtained for of each area are summarized next.

A. Transmission The Asset Management is fundamental for the correct use of the elements. That is why an AM culture is needed to change the current processes and methodologies. The digital substation although not completely new shall be more aligned with standards (IEC61850), needing more studies and wide adoption. This is one area that could be of obligatory compliance in the future regulation. The standardization effort is progressing well but needs more time to be properly developed. There are many elements that are going to benefit the system, but they need more research and development time, including advanced materials and system restoration functions. (Fig. 6)

B. Generation The Distributed Generation is a form to increase de demand participation. The electric energy is needed everywhere, so is highly important to take the service to all corners of the country. The improvement of the Non-Interconnected Zones is an urgent project. The renewable energy is not an urgent project given that enough conventional energy is available. The generation structure of the electric energy is considered adequate. For the future, the renewals are going to be more important. Several studies are needed to choose the best alternative for installing new generation.

C. Distribution The Distribution system is the one with more identified objectives. The elements of the Smart operation are required to have a stronger system. The conclusion is that there are many options with successful experience. The Asset Management is also a source information. The difficult part is to utilize that information in the correct form. The remuneration of the new and advanced assets is

one option to foster the evolution of the network, based on ICT systems. The AMI is necessary but need more development, field experience and changes in the local regulation. The electric vehicles are slowly entering the country. In a few years this share may become an important load and challenge the distribution system. Efforts in automation, for many situations in the distribution systems, shall be explored in depth.

D. Consumer New technologies to increase the consumer participation are available at the market. The constant evolution and new vendors, facilitate the creation of a culture of gadgets that shall be evaluated carefully before adopting them. The education of the consumer is very important; it is necessary to improve the “relationship” between the electric energy/utility and the consumer. The topics of energetic efficiency shall gain more and more importance in the use of electrical energy and the consumer participation.

E. Supports In general, the current state is not bad, but a renovation is necessary. Each support is fine for the old power system, but the challenges presented by the Smart Grids needs an integral engineer, with excellent technical knowledge. As example, Fig. 6 shows the Transmission Area Results. The initial list of elements is sorted according with the final voting. Each element was classified in the phases by the Relevance Matrix criteria. Each focus area has a similar structure. Fig. 7 is the first part of the roadmap. For the complete results, please download the executive summary at Colombia Inteligente website. [1]

VI. “COLOMBIA INTELIGENTE” Colombia Inteligente (CI), or Smart Colombia, is an initiative for the development of the new technologies and trends by the implementation of a countrywide program of projects. It is the evolution of the electric system in Colombia together with other main sectors that are closely related because of their influence on or the influence by the electrical sector. In that strategic framework, there are 5 main sectors: Energy, Electrical, Consumer, Transport and Construction. The principal objective of the initiative is to achieve that Colombia reaches an overall good efficiency

Fig. 6. Transmission Results

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by implementing best practices of energetic use and technological efficient solutions in the five sectors. CI is a future vision with work progressing in specific projects to bring many benefits to the country. As such, CI is the inter-sectorial strategic framework that defines the main goals, direction and metrics of the road towards a sustainable and efficient electrical system, with reliable and secure operation. The promoters of this initiative are XM (Power System and Market Operator), CIDET (Electrical Sector Research Center), COCIER (Colombian branch of CIER), CNO (National Operation Council), CAC (Commercialization Advisor Committee) and CINTEL (Communications Research Center). Together these institutions are developing the proposal to jointly – with several companies of the electrical sector- develop the necessary tasks and projects. This initiative is the result of previous meetings and workshops where the necessity to work together to maximize the benefits, was placed as a key requirement. The National Program of Smart Grids (PRIC) is the development of projects inside the framework defined by CI. The program has an independent structure, with efforts to achieve concrete short-term objectives but aligned with the long term goals of the strategic framework. Both, CI and PRIC, have common actors, objectives, action plans, etc. For further information refer to www.colombiainteligente.com.co

VII. SMART GRID MATURITY MODEL The Smart Grid Maturity Model [2] is a management

tool, developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. The model provides a framework for understanding the current state of smart grid deployment and capability. It is composed of eight model domains with six defined levels of maturity.

Domains are logical groupings of smart grid related

capabilities and characteristics. The six levels of maturity represent defined stages of an organization’s progress toward achieving its smart grid vision. The SGMM Compass assessment is the tool for the maturity rating of an electric utility.

The link between the roadmap and the SGMM is the

establishment of the future strategy plan. Once an utility knows where it is, and has clues of the possible future achievements, is much easier to set up a strategic plan aligned with the corporative vision. The SGMM was adopted to follow up the progress in the roadmap route of this country wide initiative.

VIII. CONCLUSION As Smart Grids are progressing worldwide, Colombia

cannot be outside this progress. The “Colombia Inteligente” initiative provides a countrywide strategic framework for related works. As part of this analysis of the framework of

the Smart Grids, a roadmap was structured to align works in order to obtain all the expected benefits and milestones of the electric power system evolution. The participation of all the actors in the electrical business in this roadmap ensures an solid base with consolidated results. The SGMM will be a useful tool to determine the progress with a worldwide framework.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Specials thanks to all the participants from the electrical sector in the Smart Grid Workshop and the organizing entities, including XM, Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM) and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB). Also to Universidad de los Andes for the technological support (wireless voting) and logistical help.

REFERENCES

[1] Colombia Inteligente. http://www.colombiainteligente.com.co

[2] Smart Grid Maturity Model. Model Definition. A framework for smart grid transformation. The SGMM Team. October 2010.

Renato Cespedes G. graduated as Electrical Engineer (1972) from the University of the Andes (Colombia) and obtained a Doctor in Electrical Engineering (1976) degree from the National Polytechnique Institute of Grenoble, France. He is associate professor at the National University of Colombia. Dr. Cespedes is presently partner and CEO of RCONSULTING GROUP, a consulting company based in Bogotá with interest in automation, technology and Smart Grid concepts. Dr. Cespedes retired in 2009 from KEMA Inc. where he held the position of Director of the Latin America operations. Estrella Parra. Eng. Parra was born in Bogotá, Colombia. She finished her undergraduate and postgraduate studies in the Department of Electrical Engineering of the National University of Colombia. She is Specialist in Power Systems, she has been teaching in the National University of Colombia since 1980 and has been awarded of the medal to the university merit and in numerous occasions she has received the distinction of Exceptional Teacher. Mrs. Parra has participated in various consulting studies and is a recognized professional in her subjects of interest. Andres Aldana (S’10) was born in Bogota, Colombia, in 1988. He received his electrical engineering degree from the National University of Colombia, Bogota, in 2010. He is doing his M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering at the same university. Currently he is consultant engineer at RConsulting Group. He has experience in illumination: commercial and street lighting, and Smart Grids projects. Mr. Aldana has special interest in Environmental Impact Assessment applied to the electrical infrastructure (subject of his master thesis), Smart Grids and control centers. Maria Elena Ruiz. Eng. Ruiz is electrical engineer of the University of Antioquia. She is with XM SA ESP, as specialist, where she develops many projects including Smart Grids, electrical market and others. Raul Lopez. Eng. Lopez received his degree of Computer Engineering of the University Antonio Nariño at Medellin. He is responsible for the XM technological group for innovation project development including smart grids, control systems for electricity and mobility. Wide international experience in projects at Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia, etc.

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Fig. 7. Electrical Sector Roadmap