Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost … · Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI 1, R.V.KRISHNAIAH 2 1PG Scholar, Dept

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ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.02,Issue.18,

December-2013,

Pages:2151-2160

Copyright @ 2013 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI

1, R.V.KRISHNAIAH

2

1PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, DRK Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, AP-NDIA, E-mail: [email protected].

2Principal, Dept of ECE, DRK Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, AP-NDIA, E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract: The concept of intelligent homes has attracted the attention of a number of researchers and practitioners during the

last years. Most of these recent techniques focus on exploiting wireless communications to communicate with the devices. The

idea of using Bluetooth as a cable replacement for home automation. However, no implementation details are given. Based on

RF modules an automation system was developed. A cost-effective solution that uses a Field Programmable Gate Array

(FPGA) controller at the core of the system to provide the intelligence for the home system. The controller interfaces to a

receiver device through the RF modules communications port to allow monitoring, configuration, and switching of devices.

This allows the user to set the home environment according to the personal needs. The hardware inside the FPGA was

developed using the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL). A modular

approach was taken such that the design and test phases are simplified and scalability is facilitated. Most of the modules were

developed using Finite State Machines (FSM).our project is implemented with the RF modules to increase the Range of

communication. In this all modules coded in VHDL and demonstrated on the FPGA Board.

Keywords: Processing Element (PE), Motion Estimation (ME), Residue-and-Quotient Code Generation (RQCG), Test Code

Generator (TCG).

I. INTRODUCTION

Home automation is the residential extension of building

automation. It is automation of the home, housework or

household activity. Home automation may include

centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation

and air conditioning), appliances, security locks of gates

and doors and other systems, to provide improved

convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security.

Home automation for the elderly and disabled can provide

increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise

require caregivers or institutional care. The popularity of

home automation has been increasing greatly in recent

years due to much higher affordability and simplicity

through Smartphone and tablet connectivity. The concept

of the "Internet of Things" has tied in closely with the

popularization of home automation.

A home automation system integrates electrical devices

in a house with each other. The techniques employed in

home automation include those in building automation as

well as the control of domestic activities, such as home

entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet

feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different

events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic

robots. Devices may be connected through a computer

network to allow control by a personal computer, and may

allow remote access from the internet. Through the

integration of information technologies with the home

environment, systems and appliances are able to

communicate in an integrated manner which results in

convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.

Automated homes of the future have been staple exhibits

for World's Fairs and popular backgrounds in science

fiction. However, problems with complexity, competition

between vendors, multiple incompatible standards, and the

resulting expense have limited the penetration of home

automation to homes of the wealthy or ambitious

hobbyists. Possibly the first "home computer" was an

experimental home automation system in 1966.

Home appliances are electrical/mechanical machines

which accomplish some household functions, such as

cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified

into:

1. Major appliances or White goods

2. Small appliances or Brown goods

3. Consumer electronics or Shiny goods

II. ABOUT HOME AUTOMATION

Home automation refers to the use of computer and

information technology to control home appliances and

features (such as windows or lighting). Systems can range

from simple remote control of lighting through to complex

computer/micro-controller based networks with varying

degrees of intelligence and automation. Home automation

is adopted for reasons of ease, security and energy

mailto:[email protected]

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CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI, R.V.KRISHNAIAH

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.02, IssueNo.18, December-2013, Pages:2151-2160

efficiency. In modern construction in industrialized

nations, most homes have been wired for electrical power,

telephones, TV outlets (cable or antenna), and a doorbell.

Many household tasks were automated by the development

of specialized appliances. For instance, automatic washing

machines were developed to reduce the manual labor of

cleaning clothes, and water heaters reduced the labor

necessary for bathing. Other traditional household tasks,

like food preservation and preparation have been

automated in large extent by moving them into factory

settings, with the development of pre-made, pre-packaged

foods, and in some countries, such as the United States,

increased reliance on commercial food preparation

services, such as fast food restaurants. Volume production

and the factory setting allow forms of automation that

would be impractical or too costly in a home setting.

Standardized foods enable possible further automation of

handling the food within the home.

The use of gaseous or liquid fuels, and later the use of

electricity enabled increased automation in heating,

reducing the labor necessary to manually refuel heaters and

stoves. Development of thermostats allowed more

automated control of heating, and later cooling. As the

number of controllable devices in the home rises,

interconnection and communication becomes a useful and

desirable feature. For example, a furnace can send an alert

message when it needs cleaning or a refrigerator when it

needs service. Rooms will become "intelligent" and will

send signals to the controller when someone enters. If no

one is supposed to be home and the alarm system is set, the

system could call the owner, or the neighbors, or an

emergency number.

A. SYSTEM ELEMENTS

Elements of a home automation system include sensors

(such as temperature, daylight, or motion detection),

controllers (such as a general-purpose personal computer

or a dedicated automation controller) and actuators, such as

motorized valves, light switches, motors, and others. One

or more human-machine interface devices are required, so

that the residents of the home can interact with the system

for monitoring and control; this may be a specialized

terminal or, increasingly, may be an application running on

a smart phone or tablet computer. Devices may

communicate over dedicated wiring, or over a wired

network, or wirelessly using one or more protocols.

Building automation networks developed for institutional

or commercial buildings may be adapted to control in

individual residences. A centralized controller can be used,

or multiple intelligent devices can be distributed around the

home.

B. Tasks

1 HVAC

2 Lighting

3 Audio-visual

4 Shading

5 Securities

6 Intercoms

7 Domestic robotics (domestics)

8 Other systems

Home automation technologies are viewed as integral

additions to the Smart grid. The ability to control lighting,

appliances, HVAC as well as Smart Grid applications (load

shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and

price reporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives

are rolled out. Green Automation is the term coined to

describe energy management strategies in home

automation when data from smart grids is combined with

home automation systems to use resources at either their

lowest prices or highest availability, taking advantage, for

instance, of high solar panel output in the middle of the day

to automatically run washing machines.

The requirement for a suitable technology that enhances

the quality of life in homes has always been at the center of

research. User needs that a home must satisfy can vary

from basic requirements to external and internal aesthetics

to comfort within the home. With the advancements in

technology, electrical appliances are filling the homes,

Providing more comfort to the dwellers and improved

entertainment systems. However, their proliferation and

costs related to electricity consumption are increasing user

demands for home automation systems. Yet, commercially

available solutions are still limited and most of the time

they are tailor-made for a customer, resulting in high costs.

III. IMPLEMENTATION

A. BLOCK DIAGRAM

(a) Home Automation Transmitter

(b) Home Automation-Receiver

Fig1. Home Automation Architecture

Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA



B. Modules:

RF MODULE-TRANSMITTER

RF MODULE –RECEIVER

FPGA (Control and Monitoring Devices)

TERMINAL SOFTWARE

APPLIANCES.

1. RF MODULE-TRANSMITTER - RECEIVER:

An RF module (radio frequency module) is a (usually)

small electronic circuit used to transmit and/or receive

radio signals on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF

modules are widely used in electronic design owing to the

difficulty of designing radio circuitry. Good electronic

radio design is notoriously complex because of the

sensitivity of radio circuits and the accuracy of components

and layouts required achieving operation on a specific

frequency. Design engineers will design a circuit for an

application which requires radio communication and then

"drop in" a radio module rather than attempt a discrete

design, saving time and money on development. RF

modules are most often used in medium and low volume

products for consumer applications such as garage door

openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial remote

controls, smart sensor applications, and wireless home

automation systems. They are often used to replace older

infra red radio communication designs as they have the

advantage of not requiring line-of-sight operation.

A. Module application

Module has two modes: communication mode and

configure mode, it is determined by the status of CONFIG

pin when power on:

CONFIG=LOW. It enter communication mode for data

transmission

CONFIG=HIGH. It enter configure mode to setup work

parameters

B. Communication mode

If CONFIG pin is low when powering on, the module

will enter into communication mode. The module provides

RS232 connector to connect with PC or TLL level with

MCU directly.

Fig2. Communication Diagram

It can work properly with the default configuration

(default configure is 9600, 8N, 1. the module work

parameters can be set up via HM-TR setup tool. When the

serial data rate is below 9600bps HM-TR module supports

continuous Transmission and the maximum data stream

can reach 1000000bytes; however, the data transmitted

each time should not exceed 32bytes in high-speed

applications>9600bps. HM-TR module work in half-

duplex mode. When receiving 32 Bytes from the serial

port, it will send data out at once. If the data package

received is below 32 Bytes, the module will wait for about

30 ms and then send it. In order to send data immediately,

32 Bytes data per transmission is necessary. After each

transmission, HM-TR module will be switched to receiver

mode automatically. The switch time is about 5ms.

ENABLE pin is used to control the power consumption.

Once this pin is pulled down, the module will enter into

sleep mode immediately. Users can use this pin to control

the receiving duty circle.

C. Configuration mode

If the CONFIG pin is in high level when powering on,

the module will enter into configuration mode

automatically. In this mode the module communicates with

the host in fixed serial format 96008N.

Fig3. Configure mode connection

2. FPAG (Control and Monitoring Devices)

The number of control and monitoring devices attached

to the FPGA depend on the number of free input/output

ports available on the FPGA. Furthermore, the system can

be further expanded by cascading FPGAs or by

multiplexing data coming from different sensors. This

makes the system scalable. The devices connected to the

FPGA can use either a wired connection or a wireless one,

such as RF module or Infra-red. In this work wired

solutions were used, however, the interface can be easily

replaced by a wireless solution.

D. TERMINAL SOFTWARE

Terminal is a simple serial port (COM) terminal

emulation program. It can be used for communication with

different devices such as modems, routers, embedded

microcontroller or FPGA devices, C systems, GSM

phones, GPS modules... It is very useful debugging tool for

serial communication applications.




Fig4. Terminal Software

E. TCP/IP remote control

Terminal can also act like telnet server and listen on

selected TCP port. You can connect to it with any telnet

client program from another computer in network (or over

internet from different location) and see what's going on in

terminal and send commands etc. Implementing with

terminal emulator by sending the commands like a,b,c and

d. For ex: If send the command “a” it will send through

wireless by RF module transmitter. And received by FPGA

and RF module receiver and results will displayed as “61”.

That means ASCII value of “a” is 61 so that what the

command is passed by terminal software is which is

displayed in chipscope software. Now by receiving the

commands use to light on and off or fan on and off like

home appliances. This way by using terminal through RF

module doing the home automation appliances. Here

connected “a” with light1 accordingly switches on and off.

Likely all commands are connected to remaining switches.

By sending the “a” command light1 is on and send another

command “b” then light2 is on position and send another

command “c” then fan1 is on again send the commands “a”

it will show light1 off position likely all command are

resending it will take on and off position.

TABLE1:

IV. RESULTS

Fig5. Simulation Results




Fig6. RF module receiver with FPGA

Fig7. RF Module Transmitter

V. SYNTHESIS REPORT

Timing Summary:

---------------

Speed Grade: -5

Minimum period: 8.191ns (Maximum Frequency:

122.084MHz)

Minimum input arrival time before clock: 1.731ns

Maximum output required time after clock: 7.995ns

Maximum combinational path delay: 2.191ns

VI. CHIPSCOPE RESULTS

A. CHIPSCOPE PRO ANALYSIS

The Xilinx ChipScope tools package has several

modules that can be added to the VHDL design to capture

input and output directly from the FPGA hardware.

ChipScope Pro Core Generator: Provides full

design generation capability for the IBERT core.

The user chooses the MGTs and parameters

governing the design, and the Core Generator uses

the Xilinx ISE toolset to produce a configuration

file.ChipScope.

Pro Analyzer: Provides device configuration,

project management, monitoring status and

controlling variables.

JTAG Scripting: JTAG scriptable command

interface makes it possible to interact with devices

in a JTAG chain from a Tcl shell .Tcl stands for

Tool Command Language. A Tcl shell is a shell

program that is used to run Tcl scripts. Tcl/JTAG

requires the Tcl shell that is included in the Xilinx

ISE 8.1i tool installation.

The Chip Scope Pro Analyzer tool supports the

following download cables for communication

between the PC and the devices in the JTAG

Boundary Scan chain:

Platform Cable USB

Parallel Cable IV

Parallel Cable III

MultiPRO (JTAG mode only)

Users can place the ICON, ILA cores (collectively

called the ChipScope Pro cores) into the design by

generating the cores with the ChipScope Pro Core

Generator and instantiating them into the HDL source

code. The design is then placed and routed using the Xilinx

ISE implementation tools. Next, the bit stream is

downloaded into the device under test and analysis of the

design is done with the ChipScope Pro Analyzer software.

Fig8. ChipScope Pro Systems

VII. IMPLEMENTATION WITH FPGA BY WITH

RF MODULE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER BY

TERMINAL IN CHIPSCOPE SIMULATION

First open Terminal command software and connect or

check for available com port. After connecting com port

click on connect command.




Now send the commands for

a= light_1=> it will sends the ASCII value as 61.

b =light_2 => it will sends the ASCII value as 62.

c= fan_1 => it will sends the ASCII value as 63.

d=fan_2 => it will sends the ASCII value as 64.




A. CHIPSCOPE RESULTS

Here I send the command “a” which is equals light_1

equals “on” position if u send command “a” again an it

will indication of off. Similarly command b, c and d

commands.

You are going to see the light on and off in FPGA

BOARD.




Fig9. This is for command a so observe the signal as light1 is on position.

Fig10. This is again sending the command a it will shows the light signal as off position.




Fig11. This is sending the all commands like a,b,c,d, and any bits the it will shows the all signal are in HIGH position

and error flag also high. These are the chipscope simulation results.

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

An implementation of a home automation system using

an FPGA central controller was presented. The FPGA was

selected as, compared to microcontrollers, it provides a

larger number of input/output ports and the parallel

implementation of hardware results in faster algorithm

execution. The user interface on the RF module

communicates with the FPGA using the RF module

interface. This leads to a low cost system that can be easily

scaled up. Furthermore, pairing allows some level of

security to avoid network intrusion. Modelsim Xilinx

Edition will be used for functional simulation and

verification of results. Xilinx ISE will be used for

synthesis. The Xilinx’s chip scope tool will be used for

verifying the results on Spartan 3E FPGA.

In this paper home automation or appliances are done

by Using RF module through a Central FPGA

Controller.In future this can be implemented to control all

electronic appliances and mechanical appliances to make

digitized house.

VIII. REFERENCES

[1] A. Alheraish, “Design and Implementation of Home

Automation System” IEEE Transactions on Consumer

Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 1087-1092, November

2004.

[2] Theodoros Giannakopoulos, Nicolas - Alexander

Tatlas, Todor Ganchev and Ilyas Potamitis, “A Practical,

Real-Time Speech-Driven Home Automation Front-end”

IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No.

2, pp. 514-523, May 2005.

[3] A. R. Al-Ali and M. AL-Rousan, “Java-Based Home

Automation System”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer

Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 498-594, May 2004.

[4] Ali Ziya Alkar and Umit Buhur, “An Internet Based

Wireless Home Automation System for Multifunctional

Devices”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,

Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 1169-1174, November 2005.

[5] A. R. Al-Ali and M. AL-Rousan, “Java-Based Home

Automation System” , IEEE Transactions on Consumer

Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 498-594, May 2004.

[6] Juing-Huei Su, Chyi-Shyong Lee, and Wei-Chen Wu,

“The design and implementation of a low-cost and

programmable home automation module,” IEEE Trans.

Consumer Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 1239-1244, Nov

2006.

[7] Ali Ziya Alkar and Umit Buhur, “An Internet Based

Wireless Home Automation System for Multifunctional

Devices”, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No.

4, pp. 1169-1174, Nov 2005.

[8] Baris Yuksekkaya, A. Alper Kayalar, M. Bilgehan

Tosun, M. Kaan Ozcan, and Ali Ziya Alkar, K. Elissa, “A

GSM, internet and speech controlled wireless interactive

home automation system”, IEEE Trans. Consumer

Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 837-843, Aug 2006.




Author’s Profile:

Chandra Sekhar Rayi, has

completed B.Tech (E.C.E) from

Kakinada Institute of Engineering &

Technology, pursuing M.Tech in

DRK institute of science and

technology, JNTUH, Hyderabad,

Andhra Pradesh, India. Her main

research interest includes in

Electronics, Embedded & VLSI Systems.

Dr.R.V.Krishnaiah, did M.Tech

(EIE) from NIT Waranagal, MTech

(CSE) form JNTU, Ph.D, from

JNTU Ananthapur, He has

memberships in professional bodies

MIE, MIETE, MISTE. His main

research interests include Image

Processing, Security systems,

Sensors, Intelligent Systems, Computer networks, Data

mining, Software Engineering, network protection and

security control. He has published many papers and

Editorial Member and Reviewer for some national and

international journals.

Documents

Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost … · Implementation of Home Automation System with Low Cost FPGA CHANDRA SEKHAR RAYI 1, R.V.KRISHNAIAH 2 1PG Scholar, Dept