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Implementation of Community-based Poverty Monitoring System in Tanzania

byRangya Kyulu Muro,

For CBMS Team, Dodoma Municipal Council, TanzaniaCBMS Research Report Presented at the PEP Meeting,

June 11- 16, 2007, Lima, Peru.

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Background information: The United Republic Tanzania

The Population of Tanzania is 36,588,225The Land Area of Tanzania is 945,087 sq km

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Presentation Contents1. Rationale for CBMS Work

2. Design of the System- Institutional arrangements- Indicators, instruments and modules developed

3. Uses and Applications of CBMS

4. Status of Implementation

5. Next Steps

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1. Rationale for CBMS Work

a) CBMS Development Objectives in Tanzania- To develop a comprehensive municipal information

system that captures the municipal, ward and village level data and produces reports and analyses that facilitate good planning and decision-making for poverty alleviation.

- To promote participatory planning and budgeting through the use of CBMS

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Rationale cont’d

b) Importance of Local Monitoring System

To provide the grass root level communities with simple and easy tools to collect data on poverty indicators, to tell the impact of strategies and determine the trend of poverty by themselves

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Rationale cont’d

c) Expected results of the system

• Local capacity building

• Poverty profiles and maps

• Development plans

• Simple tools and core indicators (locally well-perceived)

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2. Design of the System2. Design of the System

a) Institutional Arrangements- Human resources in place (mtaa,ward to national

levels)- Involved other parties (NGO’s, CBO’s, SACCOS

groups) and Local community - Roles: development of indicators and tools, data

sharing/dissemination and initiation of entrepreneurship niche).

- Capacity building (on the approach, data collection and analysis): VEO, WEO, Extensionists, NGO’s, CBO’s, residents (retirees, local influential people).

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Design contDesign cont’’dd

b) Development of Indicators

i) Generation framework:Consultation of other actors and national policies:Vision 2025, MDG’s, LGRP, NSGPR and PMS Tanzania

- Factors considered: national policy standards, local perception and environment of application

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ii) CBMS Indicators: Initial and Added

Prevalence of micro-nutrition deficienciesFGM cases

Availability of malaria prevention facilities (MDG)

Health Services (skilled and local) (FT)Morbidity casesInfant mortality rate3. Health and NutritionSkilled folkLiteracy rate by gender (NSGPR)Completion of at least standard seven (FT)Primary school enrolment,2. EducationMarital status (FT)

Household size

Existing households

Age groups population1. Demography

INDICATORCOMPONENT

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ii) CBMS Indicators cont’d

Means of transport

2km Distance to passable road (NSGPR)

Passable road to services6. RoadsLivestock and crop diseasesNumber and type of livestockCrop storage facilitiesAvailability of backyard gardens

Availability of farming/livestock implements

Average yield per hectare (bags)

Major food and cash crops5. Agriculture and Livestock

Availability of solid waste disposal facility

30 minutes go-collect-return water source (NSGPR)

Access to latrineAccess to safe water 4. Water and Sanitation

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ii) CBMS Indicators cont’d

Begging attitude

Membership in Savings and credit co-operative societies (FT)

Expenditure for food and clothing

Proportion of working age population

Asset ownership (as proxy for income poverty)

8. Income and expenditureStatus (slum or planned area) (MDG)Land tenureHousing ownership

Housing type 7. Shelter

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ii) CBMS Indicators cont’d

Child labor (NSGPR)Inheritence of wives

Cases of beating of wives/husbands, children

Women emancipation

Violence rate around the neighborhood

Crime incidences 10. Peace and Order

Leadership in the community groups

Attendance to meetings

Registration to formal elections

Membership in community-based organizations9. Participation

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iv) Compatibility of Indicators with the national statistics

• Poverty Monitoring System

• Tanzania Socio-economic Development Data

• Linked through NSGPR (Mkukuta)

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c. Instruments and Training Modulesi) Data collection Approach

• Census: household and official questionnaires, Maps (courtesy of St. Albert City and REPOA)

• Coverage: Nala village with 2,478 householdsand K/Ndege Ward with 2,423 householdsUnit of analysis: Household (100%)

• Enumerators:ward/village workers, retirees, local leaders

• Criteria: residents, literacy with arithmetic basics• Training Module: as per CBMS document on

survey tools and results (interpreted in Kiswahili)

Design contDesign cont’’dd

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ii) Data Processing• Manual: tally sheets• Computerization: Ms Excel, SPSS, NRDB• Processors: 3 at each geopolitical level

(with analysis basics, computer literacy)• Mapping data: Capturing of data involved 2 local

people (conversant with the village/ward area)• Training on the tools and review of methods• On progress:

Generation of Poverty maps: MapInfo + GPSInstallation of databases at geopolitical levels

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iii) Data ValidationApproach:General meeting in the pilot areaPresentation of the findingsAudience:Council executives, Enumeratorsprocessors, local leaders and localCommunity.Input:Corrections and key issues (c.f. intro meeting)

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a) Access to CBMS Data- all households, community groups and

other development actorsb) Data Dissemination process (upcoming)

- organize workshop: ward, council, national- distribute copies of final report (institutions)- produce summaries at geopolitical levels

c) Use of the data (upcoming)- poverty maps, area profiles and dev. plans- resource allocation, targeting and impact

monitoring

3. Uses and Application

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d) Council’s role of disseminating the findings- approval of the findings (council’s committees) and related key issues- share data with other development actors

e) Capacity building on the use of CBMS findings- to the monitors (local level)- to the local community (for relevant data)

Uses Cont’d

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a) Expression of interest in adopting the CBMS - other wards and villages- other councils expected during and after dissemination

b) Other potential uses of CBMS in Tanzania- monitoring of land use changes- monitoring of spontaneous unplanned settlements (open spaces, marginal areas)

4. Status of Implementation

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c) Lessons learnt • Household survey should be during non-farming period

• There were more errors in rural area due to low and slow perception of the exercise

• People were not very willing to respond to the questionof income and expenditure; sometime they did not show their home belongings

Status cont’d

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d) Challenges encountered • NRDB programme could not be well conceived by most

of the data processors

• Dissatisfaction with interview fees especially for remote households

• No enough computers for training and data analysis by the processors.

Status cont’d

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1. Finalization of the analysis and improvement of the results.

2. Production of poverty maps, spot maps and study area profiles.

3. Preparation of development plans of the pilot areas.4. Presentation of the project results to the

stakeholders at local, council/regional and national levels.

5. Finalizing the Technical Report as per format and lobbying for scaling up of the system in other wards and councils in Tanzania.

5. Next Steps

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

END