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Implement the PlanImplement the Plan
ImplementationImplementation
Implementation bridges plan development and operations
Implementation is the cornerstone of plan success
Need for Plan
Quality of Plan
Implementation
Link to the Planning ProcessLink to the Planning Process
The strategy for implementing a plan is part of the plan
A plan’s implementation strategy will influences design will influence how it can be implemented
Policies are not just made & implemented, rather policy, planning, design & implementation are iterative, and interlinked (Alexander 1986)
AvoidAvoid
DO NOT develop plans that require enormous
efforts to be sold and that become obsolete
before they are implemented
Implementation of a Water Resources Plan Requires
Implementation of a Water Resources Plan Requires
Commitment to succeed Plans that are technically and politically viable A clear definition of policies, roles and
responsibilities Reasonable Formal endorsement
Obstacles to Effective ImplementationObstacles to Effective Implementation
Lack of a clear mandate Plan ambiguity False assumptions Reliance on “wished-for” conditions or behavior “Passive aggression” Resistance to change Lack of inter-agency coordination Personnel changes Insufficient resources
For Successful Plan ImplementationFor Successful Plan Implementation
Plans must be developed with implementation in mind
The planning process must be viewed as fair Links to formal channels of decision making must
be established Broad-based endorsement must be obtained Implementation plans must be developed Plans should be tested prior to implementation Political analysis must be incorporated into plan
development
If Plans are not ImplementedIf Plans are not Implemented
Changes in political or administrative leadership may erode its infrastructure
The credibility of the planning process will suffer
Trust among managers, stakeholders and decision makers may deteriorate
The status quo will prevail
Resources will be lost
Parties may be reluctant to participate in future planning efforts
The DPS Planning Process Provides a Strong Foundation for Plan Implementation
The DPS Planning Process Provides a Strong Foundation for Plan Implementation
Links with decision makers are created through circles of influence
Managers and stakeholders develop a shared interest in plan outcomes
A broad-base of support is generated prior to implementation
Shared vision models enhance plan communication
Virtual droughts are used for plan testing, evaluation & maintenance
Implementation Plans ContainImplementation Plans Contain
Descriptions of the tasks required to implement reach recommendationons for inter-agency coordination
Provisions for adequate resources and training
Public relations strategies
Timetables for implementation
Securing Commitment From Decision Makers
Securing Commitment From Decision Makers
Make the bottom line clear
Communication is essential
Tools for Plan CommunicationTools for Plan Communication
The Shared Vision Model
Decision matrices
Other comparative displays
Partnering Agreements Partnering Agreements
Establish a continuing collaborative process
Support the maintenance and use of the Shared Vision Model
Identify roles, relationships and responsibilities of water managers
Establish the legal bounds on the agreement
Specify when virtual drought exercises will be held
When Resources are Limited When Resources are Limited
Consider
1. Can the agency be enhanced with new resources?
2. Can existing resources be betterng goals?
3. What is the organizational capacity to carry out various functions?
Is the Planning Effort Complete?Is the Planning Effort Complete?
Plan implementation is not the end of the planning process
Long-term effectiveness must be sought
Provisions for plan maintenance must be established
Institutional commitment to this process must be obtained
SummarySummary
Planning is an essential activity. Water Resources Planning is a complex activity,
requiring cooperation among a wide variety of managers and stakeholders.
Federal water planning has a long history, which has led to the development of Principles and Guidelines.
The DPS planning paradigm makes use of federal guidance, new technology, and conflict resolution.
ExerciseExercise
Typical Tasks in Plan Implementation
Typical Tasks in Plan Implementation
When no Alternative Reduces Impacts Enough
When no Alternative Reduces Impacts Enough
Accept the status quo
Push for a strategic solution
Pursue the plan that helps most stakeholders
Pursue the plan that helps most stakeholders, but with payments to those who are hurt
Accept a plan principle, but agree to proceed with it during a drought only if possible losses do not materialize
Changes in Law and RegulationChanges in Law and Regulation
Can be very difficult; post-study funding source?
Environmental ReviewEnvironmental Review
NEPA - EA/EIS for changes in federal operating policies
JurisdictionJurisdiction
Institutionalization is greatly simplifies if the are of concern lies in a single state, or if it is encompassed by a River Basin Commission
Otherwise, interstate agreements or memoranda of understanding will be necessary
The danger in not formalizing the plan is that a change in political or administrative leadership may lead to decay of the plan’s infrastructure. It must be emphasized that political interest in drought quickly wanes when the crisis is over.
Donald A Wilhite
Decision MatrixDecision Matrix