Imperialism

SWBAT

• Explain arguments for and against imperialism

Imperialism

• Read the quotes from George Washington’s Farewell Address and Teddy Roosevelt’s Inauguration speeches

• Answer Questions with a partner

• Review as a class

Imperialism

• Imperialism- a larger, stronger country taking over a smaller/weaker country

• Imperialism increased greatly from 1890-1913

• First started in Europe, then expanded to the US

Imperialism

• What factors contributed to the rise of imperialism in Europe?

1. Economic- need for new markets & natural resources

2. Humanitarian- spread of Western civilization, Christianity

3. Nationalism

4. Military- new weapons & technology

Imperialism

• Despite Washington’s advice (stay neutral) and the Monroe Doctrine (we’ll stay out of European affairs), Americans began to expand land holdings overseas

Knowledge Check! 1. The Monroe Doctrine declared the United

States would: A. prevent the establishment of new European

colonies anywhere in the world B. help colonies in North and South America

adopt a democratic form of government C. view European interference in the Americas

as a threat to the national interest of the United States

D. prevent other nations from trading with South American nations

Imperialism

• The contrast between Washington & Roosevelt’s foreign policy led to major debate/controversy in the US

VS

Pro-Imperialist Arguments

Anti-Imperialist Arguments

We produce too much & need new markets/raw materials

Imperialism contradicts our democratic values

We need a strong navy to protect our economic interests

Too difficult to maintain an empire economically

Imperialism will restore our spirit since “the frontier was closed”

Manifest Destiny is racist

We have an obligation to spread Christianity & Anglo-Saxon civilization

Have enough problems at “home” (*Progressive issues)

Imperialism

• Pro-Imperialism Supporters:

Henry Cabot Lodge (Senator- Mass), Teddy Roosevelt, Rev. Josiah Strong

• Anti-Imperialism Supporters:

William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, & Anti-Imperialist League

Imperialism: Discussion Questions

1. Does American imperialism more often help other nations or hurt them? Explain your response.

2. Do world superpowers have a responsibility to interfere in the affairs of other nations if human rights are being violated in those nations?

Wrap Up

• Read the excerpts and be prepared to justify the reasoning for/against imperialism…

Imperialism

• American Imperialism Video

Spanish American War & Open Door Policy

SWBAT • Describe the causes and results of the

Spanish American War

Do Now:

• Identify one pro-imperialist argument and one anti-imperialist argument

Spanish American War

• Causes of the War:

A. Economic- US has $50 million invested in Cuba Cuban Revolution of 1895 endangers these investments

Spanish American War B. Humanitarian-

Americans sympathized with Cuban rebels; Americans upset by the tactics of a Spanish General (Cubans were imprisoned & forced into camps where many died of starvation & disease)

Spanish American War C. Expansionist- Saw an opportunity to

get land from a weakened Spanish government

Spanish American War

• Immediate Causes of the War:

A. Yellow Journalism- William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer exaggerated & distorted events to create an emotional effect

Yellow Journalism

Spanish American War

B. The de Lôme Letter- a letter from the Spanish ambassador was intercepted & in it, he called the President of the US (McKinley) a “weak coward”

Spanish American War

C. Sinking of the USS Maine- an explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor killed 266 Americans

- American public blamed Spain, but no cause or responsibility was ever determined

Spanish American War

Yellow Journalism

Spanish American War

D. Jingoism- super patriotism & demand for aggressive action

- term was used in reference to TR’s foreign policy

Spanish American War • War & Results:

- War is declared in 1898, only lasts 4 months

- 2,446 Americans died, mostly from disease & infection

A. Teller Amendment- When US declared war, agreed not to annex Cuba & leave power to the people

Spanish American War

B. Treaty of Paris (1898)

1. Cuba gains independence

2. US pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines

3. Spain gives U.S., Puerto Rico & Guam

Spanish American War

C. Platt Amendment- Cuban independence came with “strings attached”: US has the right to lease land for naval base (Guantanamo Bay) & intervene in Cuba to maintain peace & order

Spanish American War • The war starts a major debate in the

U.S. over imperialism

• U.S. is recognized as a world power

Open Door Note • Americans were fearful their economic

opportunities in China would be limited

• To ensure economic opportunity, Secretary of State, John Hay, proposed a policy with other European nations that would keep an open door to China for the U.S.

• Review “The Open Door Note” you completed for homework.

Open Door Note

Proposed Policy:

1. Do not blockade or interfere with any port; keep ports open to everyone in China

2. Show no favors to your own ships when charging harbor dues/railroad rates

Open Door Note 3. Allow Chinese officials to collect

taxes on an equal basis- each nation pays the same

Open Door Note • GOAL: Keep China “open” for US

economic opportunity, so the US can have fair access to Chinese markets

Open Door Note

Response to the Note

• Europeans politely reject it (they ignored it)

• Chinese not happy with foreign interference started the Boxer Rebellion

• Rebellion led by Chinese secret society known as the “boxers”

Boxer Rebellion • Goal: overthrow imperial dynasty, but

changed to kick foreigners out of China • Result: - foreign countries (incl. the US) sent troops to crush the rebellion - China forced to pay reparations to Western nations

What does Uncle Sam mean by saying, “I

occasionally do a little

boxing myself?

Wrap Up

• What the difference between jingoism and nationalism?

• How was the Spanish American War a turning point in US history?

• Complete Imperialism DBQ Practice #1 & #2

Boxer Rebellion

• Read “The Boxer Rebellion: 1900” and answer questions 1 & 2 at the end of the reading Review answers & discuss as a class

Foreign Policy in Latin America:

Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson

SWBAT

• Explain TR and Wilson’s Foreign Policy

Do Now: analyze quotes as a class, & complete the analysis questions on your notesheet

Teddy Roosevelt • Do Now:

1. What do you think TR is trying to accomplish according to these 2 quotes?

2. Do you believe that a country should be able to intervene or interfere in another country’s domestic affairs in order to protect its own interest?

Teddy Roosevelt

• A letter by Teddy Roosevelt

• Date: 26 January 1900

Teddy Roosevelt "If I had followed traditional, conservative

methods I would have submitted a dignified State paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would have still been going on; but I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on the Canal does also.“

- Theodore Roosevelt

Teddy Roosevelt President from 1901-1908

1. Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine, 1904

- Reason: Venezuela & Dominican Republic having debt problems with European countries Europeans threatened to return to Ven. and DR

Teddy Roosevelt

- US Response: US has the right to

intervene in any country in the Western Hemisphere, to stabilize the economic affairs of that nation US will restore order WORLD’S POLICEMEN

Roosevelt Corollary

Teddy Roosevelt 2. Big Stick Policy

(TR’s Foreign Policy) - US would try to

use peaceful means, but would use military force if necessary to protect interests

Teddy Roosevelt

3. Panama Canal (1904-1914)

- Advantages: faster trade, faster navigation

- Background: US wanted to build in Panama, but Columbia (colonizers of Panama) was resistant

Teddy Roosevelt - we blockaded Panama from Columbians

& encouraged Panama to revolt - we quickly signed a treaty with new

Panama government

Panama Canal

US Interventions in Latin America

William Howard Taft President from 1908-1912

1.Policy toward imperialism in Latin America known as Dollar Diplomacy

- the US heavily invests in the economies of Latin America giving us an excuse to intervene in order to protect our investments

Woodrow Wilson

President from 1912-1920

1. Policy toward Latin America known as Watchful Waiting

- he claimed he would not intervene as much as Roosevelt & Taft ends up intervening more!

Woodrow Wilson

2. Intervention in Mexico

- After the Mexican Revolution, Wilson refused to recognize the new President Huerta

- Wilson sends troops to Mexico to stop an arms shipment from Germany

Woodrow Wilson

- Sends more troops to find Mexican outlaw, Pancho Villa, who attacked a town in New Mexico & killed several Americans troops never found Pancho Villa

Wrap Up • Were United States’ actions in Latin

America during this period a continuation of or a departure from previous American foreign policy? Explain.

• How was Social Darwinism reflected in United States foreign policy from 1890 to 1914?

Foreign Policy Cartoons • Directions- Choose 3 of the cartoons

and with a partner, write a brief description AND analysis of the cartoon.

Your Task • Complete the DBQ’s & a detailed

OUTLINE your DBQ essay

• Due at the end of class