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IMPERIALISM IN THE PACIFICSec. 22-2 Pages 644-648Define: Annexation – sphere of influence –
Open Door policy – provisional – Great White fleet
Identify: Midway Islands – Queen Liliuokalani - John Stevens – Grover Cleveland William McKinley – Samoa Islands – Boxer Rebellion - Sec. of State, John Hay Russo Japanese War – Teddy Roosevelt
HAWAII• 1820- Missionaries set up schools• 1867- Acquired Midway islands on route to China
– use for refueling – fresh water supplies• 1875- US allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter US
without tariff – American planters got wealthy• 1887- US pressured King Kalakaua to allow Pearl
Harbor for US naval base• 1890 – Congress revised tariff laws – no longer
exempt – American planters want to make Hawaii a territory.
HAWAII• 1891- Queen Liliuokalani on throne –
Hawaiians to regain control of island• 1891 – Amer. sugar planters surround
palace - chief diplomat, John Stevens had marines surround island – set up provisional (temporary) government – asked Pres. Harrison to annex – did not ratify before his term was up
• 1893- Pres. Cleveland withdrew treaty – did not support US interference
• 1898- Pres. McKinley agrees to annex territory in 1900 – became state in 1959
SUMMARIZE• What island area did the US gain on route to
China to be used for refueling?• What product in Hawaii did Americans want?• Who refused to allow Americans to influence
Hawaii?• Which president would not intervene?• Which president did?• How did we gain Hawaii?
SAMOA• Islands 3000 miles south of
Hawaii – on trade route to Australia and New Zealand
• 1878 – US got port of Pago Pago – competed for trading rights with Britain & Germany
• 1899 – US, Britain, & Germany met in Berlin, Germany – divided up islands without consulting Samoans. US & Germany split Samoa – Britain withdrew for rights on other Pacific Islands . US annexed Samoa in 1899
CHINA & JAPAN IN 19th CENTURY
CHINA• By 1890, Japan and other European countries had
carved out spheres of influences – sections of a country where one foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers.
• Japan – Formosa & parts of mainland• Germany – Shandong in east-central China• Britain & France – Hong Kong – southeast • Russia – Manchuria & northern China
SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
SUMMARIZE• What is a sphere of influence?
• What country had spheres of influence?
• What five countries were allowed to trade in this country?
• Which country didn’t have a sphere in this nation?
China• US had no sphere – Sec. of State, John Hay wanted to
expand trading rights – proposed Open Door Policy – each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations’ spheres of influence
• 1900- Boxer Rebellion – secret Chinese martial arts society led uprising against foreigners in Beijing (capital)
International army of 25,000 defeated Chinese• 2nd Open Door Policy – Nations will respect borders and
allow China to maintain independence• Note: Later Chinese will believe the only way to achieve
Chinese goals was to have a revolution. Sun Yat-sen will become leader in 1911 of Nationalist
Party
JAPAN
JAPAN• 1854 – Comm. Matthew Perry opened US trade
with Japan – US interested in coal• 1870 – Industrialized – reluctant to borrow
money – feared foreign takeovers• Late 1880s – economy growing – good work
force – cheap labor – new technology – strong army & navy
• Eager for power, Japan will try to get resources in Korea – clash with Russia over Manchuria – area rich in natural resources
JAPAN• 1904 – Russo-Japanese War – both sides eager
to make peace – resources exhausted – Pres. T. Roosevelt helped settle - wins Nobel
Peace Prize for treaty• Treaty of Portsmouth - Japan gains control of
Korea in return pledging to stop expansion• Japan will emerge stronger in naval power in
the Pacific.
JAPAN• Immigrants to US feel they are mistreated• 1906 – Gentlemen’s Agreement restricts
immigrants to US – US will not segregate Japanese in schools
Great White Fleet• 1907 – Pres. T. Roosevelt sends 16 new white
battleships on world tour – show US naval power to world – Japanese impressed – will resolve differences with US
SUMMARIZE• This country had a rebellion to force out
foreigners .• This idea said any nation can trade in a port in
China.• The Treaty of Portsmouth allowed Japan to
expand into this nearby territory• This was Pres. Roosevelt’s show of military
power to the world.