Imperialism and ChinaImperialism and China

ChinaChina

Africa was divided into Colonies and Africa was divided into Colonies and ruled directly by Europeans.ruled directly by Europeans.

China came under Imperialist China came under Imperialist control by using Spheres of control by using Spheres of Influence.Influence.

Europeans used leases and Europeans used leases and concessions to gain control of China.concessions to gain control of China.

ChinaChina

In the 1790’s China was not In the 1790’s China was not interested in western influence.interested in western influence.

China refused western technology.China refused western technology.China was self-sufficient.China was self-sufficient.

Good agricultureGood agricultureExtensive mining and manufacturingExtensive mining and manufacturingFinely produced goodsFinely produced goods

Porcelain, cottons, and silkPorcelain, cottons, and silkChina wanted to remain isolated China wanted to remain isolated

ChinaChina The Chinese did allow the The Chinese did allow the

rest of the world (Europe) to rest of the world (Europe) to trade in one port city trade in one port city (Canton)(Canton)

The Chinese had strict The Chinese had strict guidelines on what could be guidelines on what could be bought and sold in Cantonbought and sold in Canton

Europeans powers (The Europeans powers (The British) saw China as a British) saw China as a place of vast wealth (Raw place of vast wealth (Raw materials and markets)materials and markets)

Soon not only were British Soon not only were British trade ships sailing into trade ships sailing into Canton harbor but also Canton harbor but also British warships British warships

The British were going to The British were going to open up trade one way or open up trade one way or anotheranother

The Opium WarsThe Opium Wars The British had to find The British had to find

something that the something that the Chinese wanted.Chinese wanted.

In the late 18In the late 18thth century the British century the British stated importing stated importing opium from India.opium from India.

By 1836 Britain was By 1836 Britain was making 16 million making 16 million dollars off the sale of dollars off the sale of opium to China. opium to China.

Opium WarsOpium Wars

Opium is highly addictive and by 1836 about Opium is highly addictive and by 1836 about 12 million people were addicted to the drug.12 million people were addicted to the drug.

The drug caused moral and social problems in The drug caused moral and social problems in China.China.

The Chinese government tried to outlaw the The Chinese government tried to outlaw the sale of opium.sale of opium.

When Britain refused China seized the opium When Britain refused China seized the opium in Canton in 1839in Canton in 1839

The British became angry that the Chinese had The British became angry that the Chinese had taken their goods and both countries went to taken their goods and both countries went to warwar

Opium WarsOpium Wars The wars lasted from 1839 The wars lasted from 1839

to 1841.to 1841. The British won easily The British won easily

because of their military because of their military and naval power.and naval power.

Britain forced China to Britain forced China to harsh treaties.harsh treaties.

The treaties were seen as The treaties were seen as the “unequal treaties” the “unequal treaties”

The British were now The British were now given rights to trade given rights to trade anywhere in Chinaanywhere in China

And the right to create And the right to create more opium addictsmore opium addicts

Opium WarsOpium Wars

Treaty of NanjingTreaty of Nanjing Britain forced China Britain forced China

toto Pay for all war cost.Pay for all war cost. Open all ports to Open all ports to

British trade.British trade. Give Britain the Give Britain the

island of Hong Kong.island of Hong Kong. British citizens living British citizens living

in China lived under in China lived under British law and not British law and not Chinese law.Chinese law.

Opium WarsOpium Wars

The Chinese resented the British.The Chinese resented the British.The opium trade continued.The opium trade continued.Britain now had a sphere of Britain now had a sphere of

influence in China.influence in China.

The Taiping RebellionThe Taiping Rebellion

By 1850 China’s population had grown by By 1850 China’s population had grown by 30% however food production had dropped 30% however food production had dropped off.off.

The people of China were starving.The people of China were starving.The Chinese Government had become The Chinese Government had become

corrupt.corrupt.Many were upset at the lack of morals and Many were upset at the lack of morals and

the opium addiction in China.the opium addiction in China.The population began to rebel against the The population began to rebel against the

ruling Quig Dynasty.ruling Quig Dynasty.

ChinaChina

Hong XiuguanHong Xiuguan Believed that his Believed that his

own personal vision own personal vision of Christianity of Christianity would save China.would save China.

Believed if the Believed if the people followed people followed him all would share him all would share in China’s wealth.in China’s wealth.

Taiping = Great Taiping = Great PeacePeace

ChinaChina Hong’s army was made up of most Hong’s army was made up of most

peasants.peasants. By 1853 he controlled the city of Nanjing By 1853 he controlled the city of Nanjing

and later large areas of southern China.and later large areas of southern China. Finally in 1864 the French and British Finally in 1864 the French and British

armies put down the rebellion.armies put down the rebellion. At least 20 million people were killed.At least 20 million people were killed. Large amounts of farm land were Large amounts of farm land were

destroyed.destroyed. The rebellion weakened China and the The rebellion weakened China and the

Chinese government.Chinese government.

ChinaChina

By the 1870’s China hadBy the 1870’s China hada weak military.a weak military.a government that was seen as a government that was seen as

corrupt and unable to rule.corrupt and unable to rule.Lacked technology to keep up with Lacked technology to keep up with

western nations now trading with western nations now trading with China.China.

American InterventionAmerican Intervention The U.S. was trading with The U.S. was trading with

China.China. The U.S. was worried that The U.S. was worried that

western powers would cut western powers would cut up China like Africa.up China like Africa.

If this happened there If this happened there would be restrictions on would be restrictions on trade.trade.

The U.S. started the Open The U.S. started the Open Door Policy.Door Policy.

China should be open to China should be open to trading by all countries in trading by all countries in the world.the world.

It kept China from being It kept China from being colonized and gave the U.S. colonized and gave the U.S. rights to trade with China.rights to trade with China.

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion Some Chinese became Some Chinese became

upset with foreign upset with foreign intervention in China.intervention in China.

Poor Chinese resented Poor Chinese resented special privileges special privileges given to foreigners.given to foreigners.

Many Chinese disliked Many Chinese disliked Christian Chinese.Christian Chinese.

Many felt that the Many felt that the ruling Empress ruling Empress Dowager needed to be Dowager needed to be removed from powerremoved from power

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

A society called A society called the Boxers began the Boxers began to call for reforms to call for reforms in China.in China.

In 1900 in Perking In 1900 in Perking Shouting “Death to Shouting “Death to foreign devils” foreign devils” Boxers began to Boxers began to attack foreigners.attack foreigners.

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

The Boxer rebellion The Boxer rebellion which began in the which began in the spring of 1900 spring of 1900 ended in August ended in August 1900 when a 1900 when a combined army of combined army of American, American, Japanese, Japanese, Germans, Italians, Germans, Italians, and British put and British put down the revolt.down the revolt.

China’s NeedsChina’s Needs

While the Boxer rebellion was a While the Boxer rebellion was a failure it did spark nationalism in failure it did spark nationalism in China.China.

China needed to resist foreign China needed to resist foreign interventionintervention

The Chinese government needed to The Chinese government needed to protect the needs of Chinese and not protect the needs of Chinese and not foreign governments.foreign governments.

China’s NeedsChina’s Needs Sun Yixian a Chinese nationalist called for Sun Yixian a Chinese nationalist called for

the replacement of the Qing dynastythe replacement of the Qing dynasty Sun Yixian wanted three things.Sun Yixian wanted three things.

End to foreign dominationEnd to foreign domination A representative governmentA representative government Economic security for the Chinese people.Economic security for the Chinese people.

In 1911 workers, peasants, students and In 1911 workers, peasants, students and warlords overthrew the monarchy and warlords overthrew the monarchy and China became a republic.China became a republic.