Impact Assesment on Wheat Techenology Production in Nashik Distrct

8/22/2019 Impact Assesment on Wheat Techenology Production in Nashik Distrct

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OUTLINE OF RESEARCH WORK

Post-Graduate Research

On

IMPACT OF RECOOMONDED WHEAT PRODUCTION

TECHENOLOGY ON WHEAT PRODUCTION

IN NASHIK DISTRICT

Submitted by

Mr. DONDE JAGDISH PRAKASH

Reg. No: 12/221

Research Guide

Dr. R. R. SURYAWANSHI. Professor of Agricultural Economics

Division of Agricultural Economics,

College of Agriculture,

Kolhapur.

2012-2013


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c MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, KOLHAPUR-416004

DIVISION OF AGRIL. ECONOMICS.

O U TL I N E OF R ESE ARC H W O R K

1. Name of Student : Mr. Donde Jagdish Prakash

2. Registration Number : 12/221

3. Degree : M.Sc. (Agri.)

4. Centre of PG Education : College of Agriculture, Kolhapur

5. Department & Discipline : Agricultural Economics.

Major Field : Agricultural Economics.

Minor Field : Agril. Extension Education,

Statistics and Mathematics.6. Name of Research Guide &

Chairman, SAC : Dr. R. R. Suryawanshi

. Professor, Agril. Economics,

College of Agriculture, Kolhapur

7. Title of Research Works : Impact of recommended Wheat

production technology on production of

Wheat in Nashik district.

8. Objectives:

1. To study extent of adoption of Wheat production technologies on sample farms.

2. To study economics of production of Wheat under different level of adoption.

3. To study the contribution of recommended technology in yield.

4. To study constraints in adoption of recommended production technology.


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9. Introduction:

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is worlds most widely cultivated agronomic

cereal crop; about 40percent of worlds population depend upon wheat as staple

food. Wheat accounts for the greatest volume of international trade.

Production and productivity of Wheat crop were quite low up to

1964-65. Country used to import large quantity of Wheat for fulfilling the need of

peoples from many countries. Introduction of new technology and semi dwarf

varities during the fourth five year plan (1969-74) had changed share of Indian

agriculture particularly known as Green revolution. India achieved remarkable

progress in Wheat production during the last four decades.

The major Wheat producing states in India is placed in northern

region of country. Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana contributing nearly 80% of

total Wheat production. During year 2010-11 India has 29.25 million ha area under

Wheat crop while production of 85.93 million ton. and productivity 2938 kg /ha. In

India Uttar Pradesh rank first regarding to area and production of 19.32 million ha

and 43.20 million ton respectively however Punjab have highest productivity of

4144kg\ha. (agricoop.nic.in)

Wheat is one of the important rabi crop in Maharshtra. During year

2010-11 area under Wheat crop is 12.69 lakh ha, production of 22.58 lakh Metric

tons, and productivity is 1730. Area under high yielding varities is 12.53lakh ha. In

Maharashtra coverage under Wheat crop maximum in Ahemadnagar district

followed by Parbhani, Hingoli, Pune, Nashik district. While as production concern

Jalgoan district rank first tailed by Hingoli, Buldhana district. Nashik district rank

8th

. (Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2010-11)

Wheat research station at Niphad was established in 1932. Research

station have good reputation, it often comes in lime light. Varities releases by


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research station famous in Maharashtra. Favorable soil, cold climatic condition,

efficient irrigation systems due to Godavari river and canal, availability of credit

makes positives factors for farmers to adopt new technology for Wheat production.

Nashik district have 7, 42,400 ha. net sown area while area under

total Wheat crop is 45,872 ha. Production of Wheat 67,976 metric tons while

productivity 1,886. (District wise statistic, Nashik district 2011).

10. Review of literature:

1. Adoption of Wheat production technologies of Farmers field.

Anonymous (2007) studied on impact of crop production

technology of major food grains on farm productivity and income in Western

Maharashtra. They observed that, at overall level there is 100 % adoption of

requisite soil, harrowing and irrigation followed by nitrogenous fertilizers (99%),

deed use (88%), phosphorus fertilizer (83%), intercultureing (82%) and potassic

fertilizer (79%). More than 75% of sample farm adopted timely sowing of Wheat,

75% followed deep ploughing and 72% used seed drill for sowing. all Wheat

grower used improved varities of which 69% used HD-2189 remaining used

MACS-2496, Lokwon Engale , Narmada , Nirmal, western 496 etc. it was notice

that use of N and P fertilizers as per recommendation was followed by 20 % and

25 % growers respectively, but nobody has followed adoption of K as per

recommendation.

Rajesh R. and S. Varadarajan (2000) assess the extent of adoption

of new dry land farm technology. The attempt was made to measure technology

adoption with the help of the technology adoption index which was a summary

measure of adoption of technology. The study found that the average level of

adoption of technology was 51.29 per cent and the largest number of 102 farms

(33.33%) was seen in the class intervals of 51-66 % adoption. Faith in traditional


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farming, non-awareness and lack of knowledge were the major constraints in

adopting recommended level of technologies in case of low technology adopters

2. Economics of production of Wheat under different level of adoption.

Anonymous (2007) studied on impact of crop production

technology of major food grain on farm productivity and income in western

Maharashtra they observed that Per ha. Cost C of Wheat was ranged from Rs

16111.16 for up to 50 % to Rs 18398.14 for above 51 % level of adoption. The

productivity, gross return and net farm income were higher by 5.68 qtl/ha, Rs

6121.82 and 3834.84 for above 51 % adoption. The per ha cost of production

decline from Rs 647.59 to Rs 591.93 with adoption of above 51 % technology, the

increased productivity from 23.72 to 29.40 qt/ha the production cost declined

by55.66 per qtl. Therefore the B:C ratio showed an improvement from 1.37 to

15.53 with increase in technology

3. Contribution of recommended technology in yield

Vidya Sagar (1978) studied contribution of individual technological

factor in agricultural growth for study area i.e. Rajasthan and concluded that out of

the total increase in the overall level of agricultural productivity 97 per cent

increase is contributed by the yield increase alone and very large part of yield

growth in crops i.e. per cent change was by three technological factors viz.

fertilizer irrigation and high yielding varieties

Gaonkar (2000) attempted the study on extent of technology

adoption by farmer and also threw light on the factor affecting the use technology

in Canacona taluka of south Goa. She found that there was direct relationship

between education and technology adoption by farmer. The study further reveled

that credit was important factor which influencing the technology adoption.

Matuschke et al. (2007) they analyzes the adoption and impact of


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hybrid Wheat in India. Based on survey data that they were conducted, farmers can

benefit significantly from the exclusive technology. Neither farm size nor the

subsistence level influence the adoption decision, but access to information and

credit does matters. Hybrid seeds should be made cost-effective by decreasing the

seeding rate, increasing the yield levels and alteration in planting technologies.

Adoption levels would be higher if seed prices were reduced.

Dubey and Srivastava (2007) conducted study to determine the level

of knowledge and adoption behavior of the farmers with respect to Wheat

production technologies due to training imparted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra,

Allahabad. 25 trainees and 25 non-trainees were randomly selected making the

sample size of 50 farmers. There was a significant difference between trainees and

non-trainees regarding the knowledge about the package of practices of Wheat

crop. The study also revealed that most of the trainees (84%) had higher level of

adoption followed by medium level (16%) whereas, most of the non-trainees had

medium level of adoption (64%) followed by low level of adoption (32%). This

indicates that there had been a significant difference between trainees and non-trainees regarding the extent of adoption of package of practices of Wheat crop.

They concluded that the trainees had more knowledge and extent of adoption of

package of practices of Wheat crop than non-trainees. The KVK should organize

more number of training programmers for maximum benefit of the farmers

4. Constraints in adoption of recommended production technology

Joshi (2008) studied determinants of acerage response and production

constraints of Wheat in Maharashtra and evaluated that lack of knowledge, high

cost of seed, non availability of proper seed and fertilizer, fear of poor germination,

late harvesting of kharif crop have been major constrain in adoption of Wheat

production technology. He suggested that by making available the irrigation,


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positive price policy help to improvise the area and productivity of Wheat.

Demand-supply gap can be bridge up by increasing the adoption of improved

technology by expanding activates of KVKs, farmers scientist forum, RECs, DECs

and through extension work of department of agriculture.

Srivasrava et al., (2003) studied the influence of age and literacy level

of farmers on adoption of mint based crop rotations in the Indo-Gangetic plains has

suggested that educational status of the farmers was also found to be an important

factor in the adoption of improved cultural practices and high yielding varieties.

Anonymous (1995) study on constrains in cultivation of major crops

on tribal farm in Dhule district show that the lack of awareness regarding improved

varities, seed treatment, use of fertilizer to a greater extent in case of both the crops

viz, Paddy and rabi Jowar . The poor economic condition, high cost of certain

input like FYM, fertilizer and insecticide and pesticide were major constrains

pointed out by farmer in adoption of improved technology in area under study.

11. Programme of research work:

Sr.no. Work to be done Date

1. Review of literature August, 2013

2. Formulation and Testing of questionnaire Sept, 2013

3. Selection of sample and collection of data Oct-Nov, 2013

4. Compilation and analysis of data Jan, 2014

5. Interpretation of results and completion of thesis Feb-April, 2014


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12. Methodology:-

Selection of area

Nashik district is selected purposively for the present study. The

list of villages having maximum area under wheat will be prepared and arranged in

ascending order, the two tahsil will be selected having maximum area under wheat

from each tahsil then, five villages will be selected randomly thus, in all total

sample comprised of 90 sample cultivators spread over study area.The selected 90

sample farmers will be classified as small (up to 0.40 ha), medium (0.41 to 0.80

ha) and large (0.8 and above ha.).

Adoption technology

Adoption of Technology refers to actual practices adopted by

farmers for the cultivation of Wheat. The information on practices adopted by the

selected farmers will be collected.

Recommended technology

The term recommended technology refers to the cultivationpractices recommended by MPKV, Rahuri for Wheat crop. The university has

made recommendations about soil type, varieties, tillage practices, spacing, seed

rate, time of sowing, level of fertilizer, intercultural practices, irrigation etc. for

Wheat crop.

The recommended technology developed by MPKV, Rahuri for Wheat

Sr.No

Technology Recommendation

1 Type of soilwell drain deep black soil

2 Number of ploughingOne ploughing in two year is sufficient


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3 Number of harrowingAfter one ploughing two cross harrowing

4 Manures (CL/ha)20-25 CL FYM before ploughing

5 Nitrogen(kg/ha)120 kg nitrogen in split doses

6 Phosphorus(kg/ha) 60 kg phosphorus after first weeding

7 Potassium40 kg potassium after first wedding

8 Seed rate(kg/ha)

For drilling 120-125 kg seed is sufficient for optimum

plant population

9 VarietyNIPHAD 34(late) , NIAW-301 (Trambak) NIAW

(Tapowan), NIAW 295 (Godawari)

10 Time of sowing 15 October-15 November

( Krishidarshani 2011-12 MPKV, Rahuri)

Analytical Techniques:

As per the components of recommended technology for Wheat the level of

technology adopted by farmers will be assessed. The adoption score will be

developed for those components, whose value could not be measured in terms of

unit. Adoption index for each technology will developed.

Extent of adoption of technology

Actual level of adoption of each item of technology on farmers field willidentified using recommended technology developed by MPKV, Rahuri and

efficiency of each technology will be calculated with the help of following

formula.


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Practices actually adopted

Adoption of particular practices = ------------------------------------

Practices recommended

Methods used for estimating Adoption index:

The adoption index of ith

technology:

TAIJ= (ATIJ/Rti)

Where,

TAij = Adoption index of Ith

component for the jth

object

ATij = ith

component technology level adopted by jth

farmer

Rti = The recommended level of ith

component

Technology wise extent of adoption

Sr.No.

Practices Extent of adoption

1 PloughingNo. of ploughing actually done

EA = ----------------------------------------

Recommended ploughing

2 HarrowingNo. of harrowing actually done

EA = ---------------------------------------

Recommended harrowing

3 Farm yard manureQty. of FYM applied

EA = ---------------------------------------

Recommended FYM

4 Fertilizer

Nutrient applied by cultivator (N&P)

EA = --------------------------------------------Recommended nutrients


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5 Seed rateSeed rate used by cultivator

EA = ---------------------------------------

Recommended seed rate

6 Time of sowingNo. of days delayed for sowing

EA = -----------------------------------------

Recommended time for sowing

7Intercultural

operation

No. of weeding actually done

EA = ---------------------------------------

Recommended weeding

Composite index of adoption:

Composite index will be develop to study the extent of adoption of

technology by farmers. The index developed is as follows:

PTAj = (WiTAij)/100

Where,

PTAj = the composite adoption index package by jth

farmer

Wi = the weight assigned to ith

technology component

TAij = Adoption index of ith

component of technology adopted jth

farmer

After estimating the composite index of adoption of technology by

the farmers, then the farmers will stratified into three groups viz., low, medium and

high having up to 0.30, 0.31, to 0.50 and 0.50 and above composite adoption index

respectively. After estimating composite index, for estimating the effect of

composite index on yield.


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Functional Analysis:

Cobb-Douglas production function

Y=axn

In linear form

Logy=Loga+nLogx

Where,

Y=yield of Wheat /ha in qtl

x=input (composite index)

a =Efficiency parameter

n =Efficiency of parameter with respect to x

Economics of production

Economics of production of Wheat will be worked out on the basis of

different level of technologies by using standard cost concept.

Cost A

It is also called as paid out cost; this cost approximates the expenditure

incurred by the farmer in cash and kind in the cultivation of crop and includes the

following items. Hired human labour ,Owned and hired bullock labour ,Seeds,

manures ,fertilizers, Plant protection measures, machineries charges, Land revenue

and other cases, interest on working capital, Deprecation on implements and

machinery, Repairs of machineries and irrigation charges .

Cost B

It includes cost A plus imputed rental value of owned land and interest on fixed


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capital.

Cost C

It includes cost B plus imputed value of family human labour-the cost C represents

the total cost of production.

Factor share analysis:

For estimating the contribution of each factor in yield, the multiple linear

regression analysis was carried out by using the following equation.

Y= a + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b4x4 + b5x5 + b6x6 + b7x7 + b8x8 + b9x9 + U

Where,Y = Yield per hectare (dependent variable)

a = Constant

bi = Regression coefficient

x1 = Type of soil

x2 = Number of ploughing

x3 = Number of harrowings

x4 = Sowing time

x5 = Seed rate

x6 = Manures Cl/ha

x7 = Nitrogen kg/ha

x8 = Phosphorus kg/ha

x9 = Interculture operation

After fitting the multiple linear equation per cent contribution was estimated

by the following formula. Same values of it will used as weight for estimating

composite adoption index.

Per cent contribution = Bi x R2

Where,

Bi = Standard partial regression coefficient of ith

independent variablesR

2= Multiple correlation coefficient


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9. Factor affecting level of adoption

Factor affecting adoption of Wheat production technology will be

calculated by multiple regression analysis.

Y = a + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b4x4 + b5x5 + b6x6

Where,

Y = Adoption (percentage)

x1 = Age of Wheat grower

x2 = Education (year to schooling)

x3 = Area under Wheat cultivation (%)

x4 = Size of holding (ha)

x5 = Irrigated areas (ha)

x6 = Cropping intensity (%)

x1 to x6 = Independent variables

a = Constant

b1 to b6 = Regression coefficient

The dependent variable in the above equation will calculated with the

help of following formula.

eiwi

Adoption index = ---------------------- x 100

WxN

ei = Expenditure incurred on particular practices in Rs.

wi = Weightage of particular practices

W = Summation of weightage of all practices

N = Summation of expenditure for all practices as per recommendation


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13. References (Literature cited)

Anonymous, (1995) A study on constrain in output in adoption of recommended

crop production of pigeonpea, agresco report.

Anonymous (2007) Research review committee report, Department of Economics,

MPKV, Rahuri pp. 39

Dubey, A.K. and Srivastava J.P. (2007) Effect of Training Programmed on

Knowledge and Adoption Behavior of Farmers on Wheat Production

Technologies Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 7 (2&3) : 41

Gaonkar, R. 2000. Technology adoption and agril. productivity. A case study

Indian J. Agric. Res., 55 (3) : 551

Joshi,G. G . (2008) determinants of acerage response and production constrain of

Wheat in Maharashtra. A thesis submitted to MPKV, Rahuri,

Maharashtra

Hugar, L.V., K.B. Umesh and S. Suryaprakash, 1992. Extent of adoption of new

technology in different crops. Agril. Situation in India. 64:15-19

Matuschke, I., Mishra, R. R. & Qaim, M. (2007). Adoption and Impact of Hybrid

Wheat in India. World Development, 35,1422-1435


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Rajesh, R. and S. Varadarajan, (2000). Constraints in diffusion at new farm

technology in dry farming region. Indian J. Agril. Econ. 35(3):563-564

Srivasrava RK, Singh AK, Kalra A, Tomar VK-S, Bansal RP, Sushil-Kumar

(2003). Influence of age and literacy level of farmers on adoption of

mint based crop rotations in the Indo-Gangetic plains. (Central Institute

of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow - 226 015,

India.) Journal-of-Medicinal-and-Aromatic-Plant-Sci., 25(3): 689-697

Vidya Sagar, 1975. Contribution of individual technological factor in Agril

Growth. A case study of Rajasthan. Economics and political

weekly.A63-A67

14. Facilities required and their availability

All required facilities like computer for analysis, journals and periodicals for

references available at section of Agricultural Economics and central library of

College of Agriculture, Kolhapur will be used.

15. Place of research work

The research work will be conducted at the Section of Agricultural

Economics College of Agriculture, Kolhapur.

Place: Kolhapur Signature of StudentDate : 19 /06/2013 ( DONDE J. P.)


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PROPOSED BY THE STUDENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Name Signature

1.Chairman : Dr. R. R. Suryawanshi. Professor of Agril, Economics

College of Agriculture, Kolhapur.

2.Member : Prof. B. B. GawadeAssistant Professor of Agril, Economics


3.Member : Prof. M. R.Shewale

Assistant Professor of Statistics and MathematicsCollege of Agriculture, Kolhapur.

4.Member : Prof. A. B. Mohite

Assistant Professor of Agr onomy.



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Recommended by:

Professor of Agricultural Economics,

College of Agriculture,

Kolhapur.

This ORW has been approved by the Board of studies in Agril. Economics andStatistics in its 66

thmeeting held on 19-6-2013 at MPKV, Rahuri.

Head,

Department of Agricultural Economics,

MPKV, Rahuri

Approved by : Associate DeanCollege of Agriculture, Kolhapur.

Documents

Impact Assesment on Wheat Techenology Production in Nashik Distrct