Immunity from Disease

What is a infectious disease?

• Pathogen causes A change that disrupts the homeostasis in the body.Main agents can be– Bacteria– Protozoans– Fungi– VirusesSources can be soil contaminated water and infected animals (that includes us)

Bacteria

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Two Protozoans (and a Sponge) for 4 Flutes

• The protozoans, of which there are over 30,000 species, are primitive, single-celled organisms, of which the best known example is probably the amoeba. Paramecium caudatum is one of the most common freshwater ciliates. The nasty-sounding Plasmodium virax is the malaria parasite; like many parasites it has a complex life-cycle involving several hosts, and exists in several forms. Sponges are the most primitive group of multi-cellular animals. The Bath Sponge Euspongia mollissima finds itself in this piece on the strength of it's mellow name.

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Fungi

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Pharmacology/dc-bits/fungi-pics1-04m.jpg

• The Kingdom Fungi are important organisms, both in terms of their ecological and economic roles.

• They breaking down dead organic material, • , most vascular plants could not grow

without the symbiotic fungi, or mycorrhizae, that inhabit their roots and supply essential nutrients

• . Other fungi provide numerous drugs (such as penicillin and other antibiotics), foods like mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer.Fungi also cause a number of plant and animal diseases:

• in humans, ringworm, athlete's foot, and several more serious diseases are caused by fungi.

• . Plant diseases caused by fungi include rusts, smuts, and leaf, root, and stem rots, and may cause severe damage to crops.

•http://www.microbe.org/microbes/fungi1.asp•http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0504.htm•http://waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm

Viruses• Made of protein coat• Are they living?

– What are the criteria for life?• Don’t respire• Don’t grow• Don’t develop• CAN make copies of themselves but only with hosts help

• Named after the illness or organ they infect.

From birth symbiotic relationships are

established• You are “inoculated” with microorganisms on your

• skin• upper respiratory system, • lower urinary and reproductive tracks

• Lower intestinal track

How they help• They maintain equilibrium within the body by keeping other microorganisms from growing

• Can become potential pathogens when– Conditions change and helpful organisms are eliminated

– Beneficial bacteria enter areas of the body where they are not normally found

– Body becomes weakened or injured

Infectious disease• Caused by the presence of pathogens

• Not all diseases caused by pathogens some are

• Inherited• Caused by wear and tear• Caused by exposure to chemicals (cirrhosis )

• Malnutrition (scurvy)

What do we use to figure out if it’s a

pathogen?• Koch’s postulates• 1• 2• 3• 4

How are Pathogens Spread

• Must have continual source of the pathogen– Living -

• Carriers human/ other animals– Incubation period- don’t show it yet

– Dead– Inanimate object soil/ water

• Fungi • botulism• Intestinal parasites from water

Transmission• Four ways

– Direct contact- Cold, STD’S– By an object- money, toys, towels– Through the air- Cough, sneezes..– By an intermediate organism (vector)

• West Nile virsus-• Lyme disease-• Bubonic plague

How do pathogens damage you

Patterms of diease

Treatment