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The immune system is a unique network of
specialized cells, tissue and organs that
protect the body from invading
microorganisms, neutralized foreign
substances, destroy malignant cells, and
dispose of cellular debris.
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Pathogens(such as bacteria,fungi, and viruses)
INNATE IMMUNITY
Rapid response
Recognition of traits sharedby broad ranges ofpathogens, using a small
set of receptors
Recognition of traitsspecific to particularpathogens, using a vastarray of receptors
Slower response
Barrier defenses:
SkinMucous membranesSecretions
Internal defenses:
Phagocytic cellsNatural killer cellsAntimicrobial proteinsInflammatory response
Humoral response:
Antibodies defend againstinfection in body fluids.
Cell-mediated response:
Cytotoxic cells defendagainst infection in body cells.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
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LIVE VACCINES
produce self-limiting non-clinical infections and
lead to subsequent immunity, both humoral and
cell-mediated
Live vaccines are used against a number of viral
infections (polio (Sabin vaccine), measles, mumps,
rubella, chicken pox, hepatitis A, yellow fever, etc.)
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Killed vaccines
Killed (heat, chemical or UV irradiation) viral
vaccines include those for polio (Salk vaccine),
influenza, rabies, influenza, rabies, etc.
Most bacterial vaccines are killed organisms (
typhoid, cholera, plague, pertussis, etc.)
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Y B b Fi t
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YourBabysFirst
Vaccines
Your baby will get these vaccines today:DTaP Polio BCGHib Rotavirus
Hepatitis B PCV
These vaccines protect yourbaby from 9 seriousdiseases:diphtheritet nuspertussis whooping cough)Haemophilus influenzae typeb Hib)hep titis Bpoliorot viruspneumococc l dise se tuberculosis TB).
What You Need to Know
about all of the routinebirth-6 monthvaccine
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Hepatitis B
The hepatitis B vaccine protects
against hepatitis B infection.
Hepatitis B infection is caused by
the hepatitis B virus.This is a
serious disease that damagesthe liver. HepB is one of the
recommended childhood
vaccines. HepB is given tochildren as a series of three
shots (doses).
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Side EffectCommon side effects following immunisation are usually mild
and temporary (occurring in the first few days aftervaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required.
There are a number of treatment options that can reduce the
side effects of the vaccine including:
giving extra fluids to drink and not overdressing if there is a
fever
although routine use of paracetamol after vaccination is not
recommended, if fever is present, paracetamol can be given
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Polio
Why we should get polio
vacccine??? Poliomyelitis (polio) is a serious
infectious disease caused by a
virus. Symptoms vary from
mild, flu-like symptoms to life-
threatening paralysis. Half of
those who survive will have
permanent paralysis. Polio can
be prevented with
immunisation
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Side Effect
soreness and redness at the injection site
mild fever
allergic reactions to a part of the vaccine
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BCG
Bacillus Calmette Guerrine Vaccine
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BCG vaccination isrecommended forbabies and adults atrisk of catchingtuberculosis TB).
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When baby gets it ?
One month after the baby was born
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Two to six weeks after the injection, a small spot mayappear at the site of the injection. It can grow into acircle up to 7mm in diameter and may becomecrusty where fluid has dried on the surface. It can be
painful and bruised for a few days, but willeventually heal. It usually leaves a small scar.
Possible side effects
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DTaPDiphtheria and Tetanus Toxoidsand Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
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This is a combination vaccine toprotect against diphtheria, tetanusand pertussis
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Diphtheria is acontagious bacterialinfection that mainlyaffects the nose andthroat
Diphtheria
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Tetanus is a seriousillness that causespainful tightening ofthe jaw muscles
Tetanus
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Pertussis is also knownas the whooping cough, ahighly contagiousrespiratory infection.
Pertusis
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When baby gets it?At 2 months, 4 months and 6 months, and
between 15 and 18 months and 4 to 6 years.
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Possible side effects Swelling Redness Fever loss of appetite within two days of receivingthe shot
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Rotavirous cause of
diarrhea in infant and
young children
Rotavirus is serious disease...So, make sure your child is protected
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Is my children at risk?
Yes, Rotavirus is verycommon disease in infants
and young children,expecialy if they are
unvaccinated
How do I know if my child hasrotavirus?
There are symptoms of that, includehigh fever, vomiting, abdominal
pain, and diarrhea..
The children often stop eating anddrinking and become dehydrate
Is Rotavirusserious?
Yes, That kills about a halfmillion infant and young
children every year
how can I protect my chid fromrotavirus?
With Vaccination, your childrenshould get 2-3 doses (dependingon the brand) of rotavirus vaccinestarting at 2 months of age. And
than at ages 4, and 6.
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HIB
WHAT THEMEAN OF
HIB????
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How does HI B spread?
Spread person to person by
the air
Is H I B serious?
YESS, its cause meningitis, lead
permanent deafness and brain
damage; peneumonia; blood
infection; severe sweling in the throat
Is my cihild at risk?
YES, H I B common throughout the
world, sicknes million of children and
kill many. Usually infect chidren
younger than 5 years old.
How can
I protect my child
from H I B?
With vaccination
HIB ( haemophilus
influenza type b)
is disease causeby bacteria.
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All children
should get 34doses of Hib withdoses at ages 2, 4,
and 6 months
given as an
injection into theanterolateralthigh muscle
Ask
your childs
healthcareprovider
if your child is
up to date for all
vaccines!
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What it
Pneumococcal disease is
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caused by bacteria that can
lead to serious infections in
the lungs (pneumonia),
blood, and brain
(meningitis).
from an infected person
who coughs or sneezes
around you.
The disease is hard to treat,
the bacterian have become
resistan to antibiotics, and
can cause pneumonia, blood
infections, and meningitis.
Such infections can lead to
deafness, brain damage, and
even death.
Yes, Anyone can get
pneumococcal disease.
Its most dangerous in
young children
Protect the child from
pneumococal disease
with vaccination
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All children should get 4 dosesof pneumococcal conjugatevaccine PCV), starting at 2months of age. Than at ages4, 6, and 12 month.If your child misses a dose orgets behind schedule, make surethey get the next dose as soonas possible.
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What is Measles? Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, the virus lives in
the mucus in the nose and throat of the infected person.
The symptoms of measles generally begin about 7-14 days after aperson is infected, and include:
Blotchy rash
Fever Cough
Runny nose
Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
Feeling run down, achy (malaise)
Tiny white spots with bluish-whitecenters found inside the mouth
(Kopliksspots)
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Measles vaccineis a highly effective vaccineused against measles. The measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combo vaccine has been
available since 2005. The vaccine acts by stimulating the innate
immune response and provides long termprotection against the disease. The onset of
the protection is slow but the effect
is long lasting.
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0.5 ml subcutaneously
Side effects:
Some children develop soreness in the local area of the
shot, and occasionally a low-grade fever. Also some children develop a mild, measles-like rash about
seven to 12 days after getting the measles vaccine
Contraindications:
Previous severe anaphylaxis following a measlesvaccination.
Patients with congenital immunodeficiency disorders
Leukaemia, lymphoma or serious malignant disease
Treatment with chemotherapy, therapeutic radiation, or
high dose corticosteroids Pregnant patients
HIV-infected persons
receipt of such blood products
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When children aged 9 months to 18 years, there
are still some immunization that should be given.
1. Measles (Campak)
2. Polio-4 and Polio-5
3. DTP-4 and DTP-54. HiB
5. PCV
6. Influenza
7. MMR
8. Typhoid
9. Hepatitis A10.Varicella
11.HPV
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1. Measles (Campak)
Measles immunizationprovide active immunity
against measles. This
immunization is given as 1
dose when the child was 9
months or more and is
given again when the
children were 6 years old.
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The vaccine is injected subcutaneously
as 0.5 mL
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2. Polio-4 and Polio-5
This is a continuation
of immunization. Polio-4
was given when the childis 18-24 months old and
Polio-5 is given when the
child was 5 years old.
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3. DTP-4 and DTP-5
This is a continuation
of immunization. DTP-4
was given when thechild is 18-24 months
old and DTP-5 is given
when the child was 5years old.
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4. HiB : Hib disease is caused by the bacteriaHaemophilus Influenza type B (Hib). Hib usually
attacks children under 5 years old. Childrenshould get Hib vaccine at age 2 months, 4
months, 6 months, 15-18 months.
5. PCV : PCV is an abbreviation of the
pneumococcal vaccine. PCV is a vaccine to
prevent the occurrence of IPD. Children getPCV vaccine at age 2 months, 4 months, 6
months, 12-15 months.
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6. Influenza : This immunization is given once a
year since the child is 6 months old, and is
recommended to be given to children aged18 years. The benefits of this vaccine is to
protect the body from some types of
influenza virus or to reduce or relievesymptoms caused by influenza symptoms.
Intramuscular spray of the respiratory tract
7 MMR : The measles mumps and rubella (MMR)
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7. MMR : The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
vaccine is one of the recommended childhood
vaccinations. The three-in-one vaccine protects
against three potentially serious illnesses. Childrenget MMR vaccine at age 15 months and 5-6 years
old.
8. Hepatitis A : Hepatitis A disease caused by the
hepatitis A virus, commonly transmitted through
food and drink that has been contaminated withdirt / feces of patients with hepatitis A (fecal-oral).
Children get this vaccine 2 times at age 2-18 years
old, intervals of 6-12 months.
9 T h id T h id i i i hi h
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9. Typhoid : Typhoid vaccine is a vaccine which
berfmanfaat to protect the body against
salmonella typhi bacteria that can causetyphoid fever (typhoid). The vaccine is
administered for the first time in children aged
24 months / 2 years later vaccine repeatedevery 3 years until the child is 18 years old.
10 V i ll Chi k i ll i l
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10. Varicella : Chicken pox or varicella simplex
due to varicella zoster virus. Immunization
(vaccination) varicella available for childrenover the age of 12 months. Varicella
immunization was given 2 times with an
interval of 1-2 months injection.
11. HPV : The HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
vaccine is a major breakthrough in cancerprevention. Help protect your daughter
from cervical cancer. This immunization was