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International Monetary FundFiscal Affairs Department

How Large are Global Energy Subsidies?Country-level Subsidy EstimatesJune 29, 2015

Tables

1. Global energy subsidies by energy product, 2013 (Billions of nominal US$; percent of GDP; nominal US$ per capita)A. Billions of nominal US$B. Percent of GDPC. Nominal US$ per capita

2. Global energy subsidies by subsidy component, 2013 (Billions of nominal US$; percent of GDP; nominal US$ per capita)A. Billions of nominal US$B. Percent of GDPC. Nominal US$ per capita

3. Global energy subsidies by energy product, 2015 (Billions of nominal US$; percent of GDP; nominal US$ per capita)A. Billions of nominal US$B. Percent of GDPC. Nominal US$ per capita

4. Global energy subsidies by subsidy component, 2015 (Billions of nominal US$; percent of GDP; nominal US$ per capita)A. Billions of nominal US$B. Percent of GDPC. Nominal US$ per capita

Comments/suggestions: Please contact Yue Liu at YLiu2@IMF.org or Amyra Asamoah at Aasamoah@IMF.org

Note: The energy subsidy estimates reported here are based on the broad notion of post-tax subsidies, which arise when consumer prices are below supply costs plus a tax to reflect environmental damage and an additional tax applied to all consumption goods to raise government revenues. Pre-tax subsidies, which arise when consumer prices are below supply costs, are also reported as a component of post-tax subsidies. These subsidies will not necessarily coincide with definitions used by governments or with their reported subsidy numbers.

The energy subsidy estimates are not available for the following countries in 2013: Bhutan, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Eritrea, Fiji, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kiribati, Kosovo, Lao P.D.R., Liberia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Niger, Palau, Samoa, San Marino, So Tom and Prncipe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Swaziland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. In 2015, estimates are not available for two addtional countries: Burundi and Togo.

By product (2013)Post-tax subsidies in US$ billions (nominal)Post-tax subsidies as a percent of GDPPost-tax subsidies in US$ per capita (nominal)CountryNominal GDP US$, billionsPopulation, millionsPetroleumCoalNatural GasElectricityTotalPetroleumCoalNatural GasElectricityTotalPetroleumCoalNatural GasElectricityTotal

AdvancedAustralia1505.9223.3112.049.053.5024.600.800.600.231.63516.67388.34150.251055.26Austria416.068.481.231.010.933.160.300.240.220.76144.96118.49109.29372.74Belgium508.2711.164.832.382.029.220.950.470.401.81432.31212.89180.86826.06Canada1826.7735.1024.564.329.5238.411.340.240.522.10699.66123.21271.371094.23Cyprus21.920.880.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.060.000.06Czech Republic198.4510.520.6813.371.0915.150.346.740.557.6364.801271.84104.121440.76Denmark330.615.603.800.730.645.171.150.220.191.56677.96130.63113.36921.95Estonia24.891.320.000.020.090.110.000.080.370.450.0015.1170.5585.65Finland267.415.450.021.050.291.360.010.390.110.514.14192.4252.99249.55France2807.3163.6513.806.466.3326.590.490.230.230.95216.85101.4299.41417.68Germany3635.9680.771.9037.1511.2450.290.051.020.311.3823.48460.02139.19622.68Greece241.8011.060.235.280.405.910.102.190.162.4520.89477.6135.92534.41Hong Kong SAR274.037.221.046.690.598.330.382.440.223.04144.55926.5581.811152.91Iceland14.620.320.000.040.000.040.000.300.000.300.00137.160.00137.16Ireland232.154.590.000.540.551.090.000.230.240.470.00117.66119.11236.77Israel290.648.060.007.560.718.270.002.600.242.850.00938.5788.161026.73Italy2071.9559.690.003.739.0612.790.000.180.440.620.0062.46151.80214.26Japan4898.53127.3491.5231.0319.29141.841.870.630.392.90718.73243.65151.491113.88Korea1304.4750.2224.0029.807.820.0061.621.842.280.600.004.72477.97593.35155.760.001227.08Luxembourg60.400.551.710.020.161.892.830.040.263.133137.4239.93291.073468.42Malta9.650.420.010.000.000.010.090.000.000.0921.480.000.0021.48Netherlands853.8116.802.262.465.179.890.260.290.611.16134.50146.16307.77588.43New Zealand181.574.451.520.250.412.180.840.140.231.20341.7956.5292.16490.46Norway512.585.103.010.360.603.970.590.070.120.77590.1270.15118.37778.64Portugal220.0610.460.630.850.431.910.290.380.200.8760.4680.9141.43182.79Singapore297.945.405.670.151.106.921.900.050.372.321049.9127.62204.361281.89Slovak Republic95.815.410.161.950.702.820.172.030.732.9430.42360.28129.85520.55Slovenia48.002.060.001.000.081.090.002.090.182.270.00487.9241.23529.15Spain1358.6946.5911.485.663.5320.670.840.420.261.52246.39121.4975.74443.62Sweden558.959.640.630.470.151.250.110.080.030.2265.4548.7015.44129.60Switzerland650.438.040.670.070.561.310.100.010.090.2083.938.4270.02162.36Taiwan Province of China489.0923.3710.3112.272.811.1726.572.112.510.580.245.43441.29525.05120.3950.221136.96United Kingdom2523.2264.090.2625.0711.3736.700.010.990.451.454.07391.13177.45572.64United States16768.05316.74349.29178.3978.22605.902.081.060.473.611102.75563.20246.961912.91Commonwealth of Independent StatesArmenia10.433.290.170.000.260.070.501.670.012.450.664.8053.050.4177.8820.81152.16Azerbaijan73.549.313.660.002.031.076.764.980.002.761.469.20393.030.20218.06115.17726.46Belarus71.719.464.280.312.160.577.335.970.443.020.8010.22452.6233.10228.5060.45774.67Georgia16.134.480.390.140.220.752.420.881.354.6486.9231.7048.43167.04Kazakhstan231.8817.177.4412.093.121.0023.663.215.221.350.4310.20433.57704.59182.0658.121378.33Kyrgyz Republic7.225.641.390.300.050.792.5219.184.150.6410.8834.84245.5253.088.18139.28446.06Moldova7.973.560.030.040.290.360.390.493.624.508.7811.0880.96100.81Russia2096.77143.70127.5689.3067.7433.22317.836.084.263.231.5815.16887.70621.45471.43231.182211.76Tajikistan8.508.130.100.080.020.350.541.120.920.194.176.4011.739.652.0143.5366.92Turkmenistan40.835.705.010.006.400.3811.7912.280.0015.690.9228.89878.750.001122.8066.122067.67Ukraine178.3142.900.3574.0611.155.5191.070.2041.536.253.0951.088.161726.19259.93128.492122.77Uzbekistan56.8130.241.840.6214.652.3219.433.241.1025.794.0834.2160.9020.64484.3576.63642.52Emerging and Developing AsiaBangladesh161.76156.592.890.384.283.1910.741.790.242.651.976.6418.482.4427.3320.3468.59Brunei Darussalam16.110.410.680.000.380.101.164.210.002.350.657.211669.080.00932.69256.632858.40Cambodia15.5115.090.450.000.000.452.880.000.002.8829.620.000.0029.62China9469.121360.72167.301630.4321.4024.881844.001.7717.220.230.2619.47122.951198.2115.7318.281355.16India1876.811243.3494.73155.169.389.45268.725.058.270.500.5014.3276.19124.807.557.60216.13Indonesia870.28247.9572.949.123.6811.1296.868.381.050.421.2811.13294.1536.7714.8644.87390.65Malaysia313.1629.9520.484.113.721.0929.406.541.311.190.359.39683.81137.29124.2136.41981.72Mongolia11.522.880.601.100.001.695.189.540.0014.72206.88381.130.00588.01Myanmar56.7650.980.930.260.181.361.630.460.312.4018.155.133.4626.74Nepal19.2427.790.280.170.000.451.450.860.002.3110.065.960.0016.02Papua New Guinea15.417.350.000.020.020.000.110.110.002.252.25Philippines272.0797.482.652.950.350.005.950.971.080.130.002.1927.2130.243.630.0061.08Sri Lanka66.7220.822.660.220.000.193.073.990.330.000.284.61127.9810.640.009.04147.67Thailand387.2568.3010.369.014.130.9024.412.672.331.070.236.30151.65131.9860.4913.22357.34Vietnam170.5689.690.001.304.155.450.000.762.443.200.0014.4946.3260.81Emerging EuropeAlbania12.722.790.000.050.000.370.420.000.380.012.883.270.0017.240.65131.33149.23Bosnia and Herzegovina17.913.880.006.750.036.790.0237.680.1837.891.131740.888.351750.35Bulgaria53.057.242.2815.690.2618.224.2929.580.4834.36314.602167.9135.292517.79Croatia57.374.260.541.040.331.910.951.810.583.33127.85243.6777.55449.07FYR Macedonia 10.212.070.101.720.021.830.9516.810.1517.9147.01830.987.44885.44Hungary132.269.910.192.851.534.570.142.151.163.4518.96287.14154.74460.83Latvia30.962.040.050.050.220.320.150.170.721.0422.2025.68109.96157.85Lithuania46.512.961.090.350.521.962.350.761.114.22370.05119.71174.20663.96Montenegro, Rep. of4.430.620.050.680.000.731.1415.340.0016.4881.391090.690.001172.08Poland517.7038.062.7641.032.9446.730.537.930.579.0372.601077.9977.121227.71Romania188.8921.292.979.531.6114.111.575.040.857.47139.71447.4975.60662.81Serbia42.497.160.0014.240.2214.460.0033.500.5334.030.001987.0431.262018.30Turkey819.9976.064.7921.464.9131.160.582.620.603.8062.96282.1964.54409.69Latin America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda1.200.090.000.000.010.010.000.001.231.230.000.00168.69168.69Argentina610.2941.497.720.799.869.7228.081.260.131.621.594.60186.0119.04237.57234.20676.82Bahamas, The8.420.360.000.000.040.040.000.000.500.500.000.00118.20118.20Barbados4.230.280.000.000.020.030.000.050.570.620.006.8887.2494.12Belize1.620.350.000.000.050.050.000.003.353.350.000.00154.95154.95Bolivia30.8211.042.530.000.510.283.328.200.001.650.9010.76229.150.0046.2025.15300.50Brazil2246.04201.0349.754.312.6910.0166.762.210.190.120.452.97247.4721.4213.4049.81332.10Chile276.9717.636.261.450.400.008.112.260.520.140.002.93354.9482.4622.550.00459.94Colombia378.4247.126.931.060.861.6810.541.830.280.230.452.78147.1222.5718.2035.75223.64Costa Rica49.624.710.650.030.000.681.310.050.001.37138.395.670.00144.06Dominica0.500.070.000.000.000.000.000.000.380.380.000.0026.6026.60Dominican Republic61.2610.412.190.180.101.333.803.580.290.172.176.20210.3317.039.78127.60364.74Ecuador93.7515.777.660.000.050.778.498.170.000.050.829.05485.810.003.1848.97537.96El Salvador24.266.330.690.000.000.571.262.840.000.002.345.18108.800.030.0089.84198.67Grenada0.810.110.000.000.010.010.000.000.860.860.000.0066.2466.24Guatemala53.8015.481.190.110.000.311.612.220.200.000.583.0077.136.790.0020.18104.11Guyana2.990.800.000.000.050.050.000.001.721.720.000.0064.4864.48Haiti8.4610.320.250.000.000.240.492.960.000.002.895.8524.280.000.0023.6947.97Honduras18.498.100.510.000.000.240.752.760.000.001.324.0863.020.000.0030.0893.11Jamaica14.202.780.420.020.000.070.512.920.130.000.523.57149.106.450.0026.58182.12Mexico1260.92118.4046.612.285.383.6957.963.700.180.430.294.60393.7119.2445.4231.19489.55Nicaragua11.266.150.230.000.000.290.522.020.000.002.624.6336.950.000.0047.9084.84Panama40.473.851.110.000.000.261.362.730.000.000.643.37287.010.000.0067.16354.17Paraguay29.056.790.760.000.000.120.882.610.000.000.403.02111.740.000.0017.34129.08Peru202.4230.951.880.140.690.002.720.930.070.340.001.3460.844.6622.250.0087.76St. Kitts and Nevis0.780.060.000.000.010.010.000.000.820.820.000.00108.97108.97Suriname5.040.550.000.000.110.110.000.002.112.110.000.00194.03194.03Trinidad and Tobago27.721.341.610.031.720.603.965.820.136.202.1514.291199.6925.981278.87443.192947.72Uruguay55.713.390.180.000.010.190.330.000.010.3554.460.262.1456.86Venezuela227.1829.9943.460.117.678.9060.1419.130.053.373.9226.471449.383.60255.64296.932005.55Middle East, North Africa, and PakistanAfghanistan20.7330.550.000.030.060.090.000.130.290.420.000.861.992.84Algeria212.4537.9019.360.086.533.3529.329.110.043.071.5713.80510.882.18172.3388.27773.66Bahrain32.791.171.400.001.271.804.474.260.003.875.5013.641190.660.001080.881536.243807.77Djibouti1.460.910.000.000.010.010.000.000.550.550.000.008.738.73Egypt271.4384.7030.950.076.607.5445.1511.400.032.432.7816.64365.430.8177.8888.96533.09Iran367.1076.9862.960.1939.5015.53118.1817.150.0510.764.2332.19817.852.52513.10201.771535.23Iraq229.3334.780.000.191.641.830.000.080.720.800.005.4647.2152.67Jordan33.866.532.100.040.081.363.576.200.100.224.0010.53321.545.4011.53207.64546.11Kuwait175.793.8912.770.042.525.5720.907.270.021.433.1711.893283.4011.16647.661431.215373.44Lebanon45.024.472.950.050.032.045.066.550.100.064.5311.23659.9510.205.64456.131131.93Libya65.526.129.760.000.501.3311.6014.900.000.772.0317.701594.980.0082.27217.311894.56Mauritania4.193.540.000.000.050.050.000.001.261.260.000.0014.8814.88Morocco103.8232.853.910.610.134.643.760.590.124.47118.9518.503.81141.26Oman77.123.596.340.002.130.999.468.220.002.761.2812.261764.210.00591.64275.632631.48Pakistan232.76182.596.711.188.763.4920.132.880.513.761.508.6536.726.4847.9519.11110.26Qatar202.452.058.420.005.292.2715.984.160.002.611.127.894114.860.002588.441108.097811.40Saudi Arabia748.4529.99101.770.008.0319.11128.9013.600.001.072.5517.223392.920.00267.57636.984297.46Sudan66.7536.161.660.000.001.662.490.000.002.4946.010.000.0046.01Tunisia46.9910.890.970.010.531.392.902.070.011.132.956.1689.280.6248.69127.37265.97United Arab Emirates402.349.0310.170.4418.285.7034.592.530.114.541.428.601126.6448.182024.44630.883830.14Yemen40.4226.662.250.000.070.572.895.570.000.161.427.1584.490.002.4721.47108.43Sub-Saharan AfricaAngola124.1823.677.300.000.060.557.915.880.000.050.446.37308.240.002.6023.13333.97Benin8.3110.320.280.000.000.000.283.340.000.000.003.3426.900.000.000.0026.90Botswana14.802.080.520.170.000.100.793.531.130.000.695.35251.0780.410.0049.28380.76Burkina Faso12.0416.940.000.000.180.180.000.001.501.500.000.0010.6410.64Burundi2.728.990.010.000.000.010.460.000.000.461.410.000.001.41Cameroon29.2721.990.080.000.030.850.950.270.000.092.893.263.620.001.2538.5143.38Cape Verde1.860.510.000.000.060.060.000.003.203.200.000.00116.11116.11Congo, Republic of13.484.180.090.000.100.660.840.650.000.744.866.2621.020.0023.98156.66201.66Cte d'Ivoire32.0622.140.060.000.141.051.240.170.000.453.263.882.490.006.4947.2156.19Democratic Republic of the Congo29.9076.990.000.000.000.670.670.000.000.002.252.250.000.000.018.738.73Equatorial Guinea15.600.760.000.160.160.001.011.010.00208.92208.92Ethiopia46.0088.851.080.020.000.531.632.350.050.001.153.5512.190.250.005.9418.38Gabon19.271.560.170.000.030.050.250.900.000.160.251.31110.800.0019.5731.10161.47Ghana47.8325.560.310.000.030.000.340.640.010.070.000.7211.940.151.370.0013.46Kenya54.9941.800.730.040.000.190.951.320.060.000.341.7317.420.850.004.5022.78Lesotho2.271.910.000.000.040.040.000.001.881.880.000.0022.3722.37Madagascar10.6522.930.000.000.140.140.000.001.321.320.000.006.156.15Malawi3.8217.110.000.000.140.140.000.003.623.620.000.008.088.08Mali10.8815.300.000.000.150.150.000.001.351.350.000.009.609.60Mozambique15.3125.830.090.000.070.941.100.610.010.446.137.193.620.082.6236.3142.63Namibia12.252.170.320.000.000.150.472.610.020.001.233.86147.371.150.0069.19217.71Nigeria521.81169.286.650.001.700.528.871.270.000.330.101.7039.260.0310.073.0652.41Rwanda7.6010.800.000.000.040.040.000.000.480.480.000.003.373.37Senegal14.8014.120.000.040.000.490.540.020.250.013.353.630.212.630.1535.0438.03South Africa350.8053.1616.2321.550.384.2942.454.636.140.111.2212.10305.39405.447.1680.63798.62Tanzania33.2946.280.510.010.080.771.371.520.040.242.324.1210.940.261.7416.6729.60Togo4.346.820.090.000.000.092.160.000.002.1613.760.000.0013.76Uganda22.9336.820.000.000.380.380.000.001.641.640.000.0010.2210.22Zambia26.8314.540.070.040.002.082.190.260.140.007.748.154.872.630.00142.86150.35Zimbabwe13.2113.120.000.360.002.773.130.002.760.0020.9823.740.0027.790.00211.19238.99

By component (2013)Post-tax subsidies in US$ billions (nominal)Post-tax subsidies as a percent of GDPPost-tax subsidies in US$ per capita (nominal)CountryNominal GDP US$, billionsPopulation, millionsPre-tax subsidiesGlobal warmingLocal air pollutionCongestionAccidentsRoad damageForegone consumption tax revenueTotal post-tax subsidiesPre-tax subsidiesGlobal warmingLocal air pollutionCongestionAccidentsRoad damageForegone consumption tax revenueTotal post-tax subsidiesPre-tax subsidiesGlobal warmingLocal air pollutionCongestionAccidentsRoad damageForegone consumption tax revenueTotal post-tax subsidies

AdvancedAustralia1505.9223.310.7711.423.593.710.660.793.6624.600.050.760.240.250.040.050.241.6333.19489.90153.90158.9828.4533.80157.041055.26Austria416.068.480.141.260.700.260.080.020.703.160.030.300.170.060.020.010.170.7615.96148.5182.7330.769.572.8382.38372.74Belgium508.2711.162.961.762.180.170.040.022.109.220.580.350.430.030.010.000.411.81265.55157.46194.9315.453.201.72187.75826.06Canada1826.7735.101.3414.385.1111.271.550.724.0338.410.070.790.280.620.080.040.222.1038.11409.62145.67321.1744.2320.62114.821094.23Cyprus21.920.880.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.020.040.000.000.000.010.06Czech Republic198.4510.520.003.3010.920.210.120.050.5415.150.001.665.500.110.060.020.277.630.00314.001038.7720.3011.774.6851.231440.76Denmark330.615.600.001.030.601.900.150.071.425.170.000.310.180.570.050.020.431.560.00183.46107.09339.0826.6812.53253.11921.95Estonia24.891.320.000.060.040.000.000.000.010.110.000.230.170.000.000.000.050.450.0043.1232.450.000.000.0010.0985.66Finland267.415.450.000.870.460.000.000.000.031.360.000.330.170.000.000.000.010.510.00159.7683.920.000.000.005.86249.55France2807.3163.650.156.997.174.811.240.475.7626.590.010.250.260.170.040.020.210.952.29109.77112.5975.5819.547.4590.46417.68Germany3635.9680.773.1719.4022.530.000.000.005.2050.290.090.530.620.000.000.000.141.3839.25240.17278.940.000.000.0064.33622.68Greece241.8011.060.241.464.150.000.000.000.065.910.100.601.720.000.000.000.022.4521.51132.21375.500.000.000.005.19534.41Hong Kong SAR274.037.220.001.675.860.420.090.050.238.330.000.612.140.150.030.020.093.040.00231.54811.1358.2313.056.6732.291152.91Iceland14.620.320.000.010.030.000.000.000.000.040.000.100.200.000.000.000.000.300.0045.2490.650.000.000.001.28137.16Ireland232.154.590.110.580.240.000.000.000.161.090.050.250.110.000.000.000.070.4723.11126.3253.260.000.000.0034.09236.77Israel290.648.060.011.656.490.000.000.000.128.270.000.572.230.000.000.000.042.851.07205.25805.550.000.000.0014.861026.73Italy2071.9559.690.007.452.200.000.000.003.1412.790.000.360.110.000.000.000.150.620.00124.8536.800.000.000.0052.61214.26Japan4898.53127.340.1337.3244.8142.604.522.2510.20141.840.000.760.910.870.090.050.212.901.03293.11351.93334.5235.5317.6880.081113.88Korea1304.4750.220.1818.5226.685.435.321.024.4861.620.011.422.050.420.410.080.344.723.59368.86531.30108.04105.8820.2989.121227.08Luxembourg60.400.550.000.240.341.010.050.000.251.890.000.400.561.670.080.000.413.130.00444.49617.671853.1589.644.60458.873468.42Malta9.650.420.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.090.090.000.230.450.700.240.2119.6521.48Netherlands853.8116.800.004.572.051.250.210.031.779.890.000.540.240.150.020.000.211.160.00272.06122.1274.5812.431.91105.34588.43New Zealand181.574.450.000.900.300.510.140.270.072.180.000.490.170.280.080.150.041.200.00201.1068.40115.0030.8659.7015.41490.46Norway512.585.100.120.811.171.400.150.140.183.970.020.160.230.270.030.030.040.7723.99159.63229.22274.0028.7326.8236.25778.64Portugal220.0610.460.010.860.540.210.140.030.131.910.000.390.240.090.070.010.060.870.7482.6651.1919.7213.832.6412.02182.79Singapore297.945.400.001.032.852.230.350.190.286.920.000.350.960.750.120.060.092.320.00191.05527.08412.2163.9435.4052.211281.89Slovak Republic95.815.410.011.001.480.050.040.010.232.820.011.051.550.050.040.010.242.941.21185.11273.569.267.431.0442.94520.55Slovenia48.002.060.010.270.790.000.000.000.021.090.020.571.650.000.000.000.032.274.62133.04383.610.000.000.007.88529.15Spain1358.6946.590.405.406.894.431.100.382.0720.670.030.400.510.330.080.030.151.528.62115.81147.7995.1223.578.2244.48443.62Sweden558.959.640.000.460.280.240.020.020.231.250.000.080.050.040.000.000.040.220.0047.5628.9724.982.081.6824.34129.60Switzerland650.438.040.000.310.240.040.000.000.721.310.000.050.040.010.000.000.110.200.0038.6129.234.640.610.0089.26162.36Taiwan Province of China489.0923.370.319.018.275.391.450.231.9126.570.061.841.691.100.300.050.395.4313.47385.52353.71230.4961.919.9781.891136.96United Kingdom2523.2264.090.4611.8020.560.000.000.003.8836.700.020.470.810.000.000.000.151.457.17184.17320.830.000.000.0060.47572.64United States16768.05316.7410.94185.66180.10120.9447.847.9052.53605.900.071.111.070.720.290.050.313.6134.54586.15568.61381.81151.0224.93165.841912.91Commonwealth of Independent StatesArmenia10.433.290.010.200.100.000.010.000.190.500.061.950.940.010.060.011.784.801.8261.8229.840.181.880.2656.37152.16Azerbaijan73.549.312.271.271.060.350.720.031.076.763.081.731.440.480.970.031.469.20243.54136.33113.8638.1276.842.70115.07726.46Belarus71.719.460.272.063.240.070.660.130.907.330.382.884.520.090.920.181.2610.2228.96217.93342.407.0869.7013.2695.35774.67Georgia16.134.480.000.220.220.000.090.000.220.750.001.391.340.010.560.011.344.640.0050.0448.090.4020.060.3848.09167.04Kazakhstan231.8817.171.899.218.190.192.480.061.6223.660.823.973.530.081.070.030.7010.20110.25536.51477.4011.24144.623.6894.631378.33Kyrgyz Republic7.225.641.070.400.200.050.320.000.482.5214.765.492.820.714.440.026.5934.84189.0170.3336.169.1356.810.2884.34446.06Moldova7.973.560.000.240.030.000.000.000.090.360.003.040.320.000.000.001.144.500.0068.137.180.000.000.0025.51100.81Russia2096.77143.7043.6962.30150.123.5025.050.9832.19317.832.082.977.160.171.190.051.5415.16304.07433.541044.6524.33174.356.82224.012211.76Tajikistan8.508.130.280.060.030.000.050.000.120.543.340.710.400.010.590.001.366.4034.857.414.210.066.160.0014.2466.92Turkmenistan40.835.706.632.460.730.100.710.021.1611.7916.236.031.800.241.730.042.8328.891161.72431.36128.4717.01123.832.70202.582067.67Ukraine178.3142.908.8511.0666.850.000.000.004.3191.074.966.2037.490.000.000.002.4251.08206.27257.701558.260.000.000.00100.542122.77Uzbekistan56.8130.2410.344.870.500.040.740.002.9419.4318.218.570.880.071.300.005.1834.21342.00160.9816.551.2524.350.0397.35642.52Emerging and Developing AsiaBangladesh161.76156.594.292.481.340.030.510.042.0410.742.651.530.830.020.320.031.266.6427.4015.868.590.183.260.2813.0368.59Brunei Darussalam16.110.410.440.370.160.050.060.000.091.162.722.280.970.300.340.020.587.211077.04904.52382.81119.95135.907.75230.432858.40Cambodia15.5115.090.000.060.030.000.280.020.050.450.000.390.230.021.830.100.312.880.004.012.320.2318.821.023.2229.62China9469.121360.727.21355.961328.8643.4235.292.0271.231844.000.083.7614.030.460.370.020.7519.475.30261.60976.5931.9125.941.4852.351355.16India1876.811243.3431.9973.73109.772.5739.011.2910.36268.721.703.935.850.142.080.070.5514.3225.7359.3088.292.0631.371.048.33216.13Indonesia870.28247.9546.1216.5313.875.008.180.486.6996.865.301.901.590.570.940.060.7711.13186.0166.6555.9220.1632.991.9426.97390.65Malaysia313.1629.953.558.265.282.735.740.143.7129.401.132.641.690.871.830.041.189.39118.52275.79176.3491.18191.604.55123.74981.72Mongolia11.522.880.000.540.810.040.190.000.111.690.004.707.050.331.620.030.9814.720.00187.95281.5613.1764.801.3039.24588.01Myanmar56.7650.980.010.470.210.040.400.010.241.360.010.820.370.070.710.010.422.400.119.134.080.767.900.134.6326.74Nepal19.2427.790.000.140.100.020.120.010.070.450.000.720.500.080.620.050.342.310.005.013.460.554.290.322.3916.02Papua New Guinea15.417.350.000.020.000.000.000.000.000.020.000.100.010.000.000.000.000.110.002.070.110.000.000.000.072.25Philippines272.0797.480.002.812.010.640.170.100.225.950.001.030.740.240.060.040.082.190.0028.8420.676.591.721.052.2261.08Sri Lanka66.7220.820.300.570.270.011.510.000.413.070.460.850.400.022.260.010.624.6114.6427.3312.730.5172.450.2119.80147.67Thailand387.2568.301.058.458.921.462.780.261.4924.410.272.182.300.380.720.070.396.3015.40123.68130.6021.3140.683.8221.85357.34Vietnam170.5689.691.151.060.030.000.000.003.225.450.670.620.020.000.000.001.893.2012.8011.790.300.000.000.0035.9160.81Emerging EuropeAlbania12.722.790.190.010.040.000.000.000.180.421.490.050.340.000.000.001.393.2768.162.3515.450.000.000.0063.27149.23Bosnia and Herzegovina17.913.880.000.815.940.000.000.000.046.790.004.5333.160.000.000.000.2037.890.00209.081531.930.000.000.009.351750.35Bulgaria53.057.240.191.4615.160.270.770.010.3618.220.362.7628.590.501.450.020.6834.3626.26202.302094.9936.99106.001.1850.092517.79Croatia57.374.260.000.371.080.040.060.010.341.910.000.651.880.070.110.020.603.330.0087.81253.629.3614.632.9480.70449.07FYR Macedonia 10.212.070.000.221.540.010.020.000.041.830.002.1315.090.110.170.020.3817.910.00105.50746.265.508.231.0818.86885.44Hungary132.269.910.001.142.600.050.050.000.734.570.000.861.970.040.030.000.553.450.00114.92262.314.824.590.1274.06460.83Latvia30.962.040.000.130.120.000.000.000.070.320.000.420.400.000.010.000.211.040.0063.1960.210.600.980.6332.22157.85Lithuania46.512.960.000.400.980.080.300.040.181.960.000.852.100.160.640.090.384.220.00133.78329.9525.42100.3114.0460.46663.96Montenegro, Rep. of4.430.620.000.080.610.010.030.000.000.730.001.7113.840.180.670.040.0416.480.00121.77984.1213.0547.552.573.021172.08Poland517.7038.060.729.8731.630.340.510.043.6246.730.141.916.110.060.100.010.709.0318.95259.29830.928.8413.520.9895.221227.71Romania188.8921.290.002.259.120.261.130.111.2414.110.001.194.830.140.600.060.667.470.00105.51428.6711.9953.075.3158.27662.81Serbia42.497.160.001.4512.820.000.000.000.2014.460.003.4030.160.000.000.000.4634.030.00201.791789.010.000.000.0027.492018.30Turkey819.9976.060.199.1915.402.600.890.012.8731.160.021.121.880.320.110.000.353.802.47120.82202.5534.2111.700.1537.79409.69Latin America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda1.200.090.010.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.800.000.000.000.000.000.431.23109.870.000.000.000.000.0058.82168.69Argentina610.2941.4911.894.952.500.751.300.156.5328.081.950.810.410.120.210.031.074.60286.55119.3460.3518.1731.423.72157.28676.82Bahamas, The8.420.360.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.040.500.000.000.000.000.000.000.50118.200.000.000.000.000.000.00118.20Barbados4.230.280.010.000.000.000.000.000.020.030.200.040.000.000.000.000.380.6230.376.470.220.000.000.0057.0694.12Belize1.620.350.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.052.700.000.000.000.000.000.653.35124.710.000.000.000.000.0030.24154.95Bolivia30.8211.041.720.630.050.050.430.060.393.325.582.040.150.151.380.191.2710.76155.9756.884.234.2638.525.1835.46300.50Brazil2246.04201.032.2512.788.9612.406.170.0824.1266.760.100.570.400.550.270.001.072.9711.1763.5844.5961.6930.690.41119.96332.10Chile276.9717.630.002.372.401.000.710.291.358.110.000.850.870.360.250.100.492.930.00134.29135.9356.5340.0316.3776.78459.94Colombia378.4247.120.762.252.270.482.380.042.3610.540.200.590.600.130.630.010.622.7816.0647.6748.1810.2150.550.9550.01223.64Costa Rica49.624.710.000.100.090.110.140.000.240.680.000.200.170.230.280.000.491.370.0021.0418.1823.7029.590.3551.21144.06Dominica0.500.070.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.100.000.000.000.000.000.280.387.030.000.000.000.000.0019.5726.60Dominican Republic61.2610.411.160.350.260.210.880.040.893.801.900.580.430.351.430.061.466.20111.7533.8525.1320.3084.373.7185.61364.74Ecuador93.7515.774.500.940.230.631.220.210.768.494.801.000.250.671.300.220.819.05284.9959.3914.8139.7777.3413.3148.34537.96El Salvador24.266.330.500.110.020.010.390.030.201.262.060.460.100.031.600.130.815.1878.8317.593.951.0161.324.9431.04198.67Grenada0.810.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.500.000.000.000.000.000.360.8638.480.000.000.000.000.0027.7666.24Guatemala53.8015.480.220.260.040.230.450.030.381.610.400.490.080.430.850.060.703.0013.9017.022.6414.9029.371.9724.31104.11Guyana2.990.800.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.051.300.000.000.000.000.000.421.7248.610.000.000.000.000.0015.8664.48Haiti8.4610.320.230.070.020.020.070.020.060.492.700.880.210.260.870.210.725.8522.137.221.732.107.171.725.8947.97Honduras18.498.100.170.110.040.040.160.020.210.750.900.580.210.240.870.121.154.0820.5513.324.805.5219.942.7826.1993.11Jamaica14.202.780.010.070.030.050.090.000.250.510.100.510.210.330.620.011.783.575.1026.1510.5317.0731.820.7190.73182.12Mexico1260.92118.4011.3713.786.559.813.580.2112.6757.960.901.090.520.780.280.021.004.6096.02116.4055.2982.8730.251.74106.99489.55Nicaragua11.266.150.240.040.000.020.060.010.150.522.100.330.040.220.540.091.324.6338.466.060.653.969.901.6324.1984.84Panama40.473.850.200.220.150.350.260.050.131.360.500.550.370.870.640.130.323.3752.5457.8438.6990.9866.8314.1033.19354.17Paraguay29.056.790.030.110.040.100.340.040.210.880.100.380.130.341.180.140.743.024.2816.335.4514.6650.496.1931.67129.08Peru202.4230.950.000.980.220.250.630.010.622.720.000.490.110.120.310.000.311.340.0031.797.148.1320.350.1920.1687.76St. Kitts and Nevis0.780.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.500.000.000.000.000.000.320.8266.280.000.000.000.000.0042.69108.97Suriname5.040.550.090.000.000.000.000.000.020.111.700.000.000.000.000.000.412.11156.500.000.000.000.000.0037.53194.03Trinidad and Tobago27.721.341.081.850.230.150.370.030.253.963.916.680.830.541.330.100.9014.29806.871377.92171.19111.77274.8419.65185.482947.72Uruguay55.713.390.000.010.000.000.000.000.190.190.000.010.000.000.000.000.340.350.001.560.080.000.000.0055.2256.86Venezuela227.1829.9936.495.733.736.583.150.044.4260.1416.062.521.642.901.390.021.9526.471217.04190.93124.44219.45104.971.25147.472005.55Middle East, North Africa, and PakistanAfghanistan20.7330.550.020.030.000.000.000.000.040.090.110.120.000.000.000.000.180.420.780.830.000.000.000.001.242.84Algeria212.4537.9015.644.481.582.102.860.072.5929.327.362.110.740.991.340.031.2213.80412.69118.2541.5955.4775.391.8868.38773.66Bahrain32.791.172.381.160.150.210.090.000.484.477.263.530.450.650.270.011.4713.642027.18985.91126.66180.6775.271.81410.293807.77Djibouti1.460.910.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.430.000.000.000.000.000.120.556.780.000.000.000.000.001.958.73Egypt271.4384.7029.556.371.810.933.500.122.8745.1510.892.350.670.341.290.051.0616.64348.9075.1721.3611.0341.301.4733.87533.09Iran367.1076.9876.2218.224.354.8713.250.121.15118.1820.764.961.191.333.610.030.3132.19990.20236.6856.5263.24172.091.5914.921535.23Iraq229.3334.781.480.060.010.000.000.000.291.830.640.020.000.000.000.000.130.8042.441.620.300.000.000.008.3252.67Jordan33.866.531.270.630.240.360.280.010.773.573.751.870.691.060.840.042.2910.53194.2996.8536.0254.7243.622.06118.54546.11Kuwait175.793.8910.022.292.652.770.610.012.5620.905.701.301.511.570.350.011.4611.892574.94588.45681.74710.83156.323.64657.525373.44Lebanon45.024.472.280.640.420.270.470.000.985.065.061.430.920.601.050.002.1711.23510.15143.6893.1260.00105.660.35218.981131.93Libya65.526.126.711.250.320.811.220.021.2611.6010.241.910.501.241.860.031.9217.701096.01204.3753.02132.96199.503.19205.531894.56Mauritania4.193.540.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.050.960.000.000.000.000.000.301.2611.340.000.000.000.000.003.5414.88Morocco103.8232.850.361.270.770.281.450.050.474.640.351.220.740.271.400.040.454.4710.9238.5923.508.5444.151.3714.17141.26Oman77.123.593.452.420.580.251.590.011.179.464.483.140.750.332.060.011.5112.26960.36673.13160.0070.56441.222.05324.152631.48Pakistan232.76182.598.534.631.620.491.480.133.2620.133.661.990.690.210.640.061.408.6546.6925.358.852.698.120.7117.85110.26Qatar202.452.056.834.211.800.630.920.021.5715.983.382.080.890.310.450.010.777.893340.862057.97878.61310.20449.758.54765.467811.40Saudi Arabia748.4529.9965.4014.0811.089.2914.750.0814.22128.908.741.881.481.241.970.011.9017.222180.54469.52369.43309.63491.652.64474.054297.46Sudan66.7536.160.890.430.020.090.000.030.201.661.340.640.030.140.000.050.302.4924.6811.780.602.510.000.905.5546.01Tunisia46.9910.891.210.650.190.000.270.000.572.902.581.390.400.000.570.011.216.16111.3460.0917.480.1224.510.4152.02265.97United Arab Emirates402.349.0318.176.671.491.852.840.043.5334.594.521.660.370.460.700.010.888.602012.10738.85164.89204.71314.004.43391.143830.14Yemen40.4226.661.790.620.040.060.000.010.382.894.441.530.090.140.000.010.947.1567.2823.211.392.140.000.1914.21108.43Sub-Saharan AfricaAngola124.1823.674.550.650.500.431.140.020.627.913.670.520.400.340.920.020.506.37192.3327.4820.9717.9948.090.8526.27333.97Benin8.3110.320.000.000.000.000.000.000.280.280.000.000.000.000.000.003.343.340.000.000.000.000.000.0026.9026.90Botswana14.802.080.100.210.070.030.280.000.110.790.641.450.450.181.870.020.735.3545.90103.0032.2913.00133.031.3252.23380.76Burkina Faso12.0416.940.120.000.000.000.000.000.060.180.990.000.000.000.000.000.511.507.040.000.000.000.000.003.6110.64Burundi2.728.990.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.460.460.000.000.000.001.411.41Cameroon29.2721.990.750.050.010.000.000.000.150.952.550.180.030.000.000.000.513.2633.922.350.350.000.000.006.7643.38Cape Verde1.860.510.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.062.410.000.000.000.000.000.783.2087.640.000.000.000.000.0028.47116.11Congo, Republic of13.484.180.630.130.000.000.020.000.060.844.680.970.010.020.140.020.416.26150.9331.330.470.624.540.5113.26201.66Cte d'Ivoire32.0622.140.840.140.000.000.000.000.261.242.630.440.000.000.000.000.803.8838.106.440.040.000.000.0011.6256.19Democratic Republic of the Congo29.9076.990.580.000.000.000.000.000.100.671.920.000.000.000.000.000.322.257.470.010.000.000.000.001.268.73Equatorial Guinea15.600.760.000.150.000.000.000.000.010.160.000.950.010.000.000.000.061.010.00195.351.150.000.000.0012.42208.92Ethiopia46.0088.850.740.320.020.000.310.010.241.631.610.690.040.010.660.020.533.558.313.550.210.033.440.102.7418.38Gabon19.271.560.040.070.010.020.040.000.080.250.190.350.060.080.200.000.431.3123.6443.086.969.6025.230.4852.47161.47Ghana47.8325.560.030.070.000.000.020.000.210.340.070.150.010.000.040.000.450.721.322.810.120.090.790.008.3313.46Kenya54.9941.800.140.210.010.040.100.000.440.950.260.390.020.060.180.010.811.733.465.120.310.842.360.0710.6122.78Lesotho2.271.910.030.000.000.000.000.000.010.041.450.000.000.000.000.000.421.8817.310.000.000.000.000.005.0522.37Madagascar10.6522.930.110.000.000.000.000.000.040.140.990.000.000.000.000.000.331.324.600.000.000.000.000.001.556.15Malawi3.8217.110.110.000.000.000.000.000.030.142.810.000.000.000.000.000.813.626.270.000.000.000.000.001.818.08Mali10.8815.300.120.000.000.000.000.000.030.151.100.000.000.000.000.000.251.357.830.000.000.000.000.001.779.60Mozambique15.3125.830.900.090.000.000.010.000.101.105.860.590.010.010.100.010.647.1934.723.470.030.030.570.043.7742.63Namibia12.252.170.100.030.000.040.130.000.170.470.850.210.020.321.080.001.363.8648.1412.101.2418.2861.120.0076.83217.71Nigeria521.81169.283.662.630.350.490.940.000.818.870.700.500.070.090.180.000.151.7021.6015.542.082.875.560.004.7652.41Rwanda7.6010.800.030.000.000.000.000.000.010.040.340.000.000.000.000.000.140.482.400.000.000.000.000.000.973.37Senegal14.8014.120.380.040.000.000.000.000.120.542.580.250.010.000.000.000.803.6327.012.600.080.000.000.008.3538.03South Africa350.8053.162.5217.807.733.255.270.095.7942.450.725.072.200.931.500.031.6512.1047.46334.86145.5161.1599.051.73108.87798.62Tanzania33.2946.280.650.160.010.000.230.010.311.371.960.490.020.000.700.020.934.1214.123.510.130.005.030.126.6829.60Togo4.346.820.000.000.000.000.000.000.080.090.000.000.000.000.020.001.782.160.000.030.160.0011.3113.76Uganda22.9336.820.290.000.000.000.000.000.090.381.260.000.000.000.000.000.391.647.820.000.000.000.000.002.4010.22Zambia26.8314.541.920.040.000.000.000.000.232.197.150.140.000.000.000.000.858.15132.042.520.060.000.000.0015.74150.35Zimbabwe13.2113.122.540.350.010.000.000.000.243.1319.222.640.040.000.000.001.8323.74193.5326.600.390.000.000.0018.46238.99

By product (2015)Post-tax subsidies in US$ billions (nominal)Post-tax subsidies as a percent of GDPPost-tax subsidies in US$ per capita (nominal)CountryNominal GDP US$, billionsPopulation, millionsPetroleumCoalNatural GasElectricityTotalPetroleumCoalNatural GasElectricityTotalPetroleumCoalNatural GasElectricityTotal

AdvancedAustralia1534.6023.8715.6510.453.9730.061.020.680.261.96655.43437.67166.161259.26Austria448.088.561.711.111.003.820.380.250.220.85200.18129.38116.49446.04Belgium536.1411.245.502.582.1410.211.030.480.401.90489.23229.21190.29908.74Canada1873.3335.8830.304.9210.8246.041.620.260.582.46844.70137.03301.621283.35Cyprus21.410.900.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.070.000.07Czech Republic208.8710.531.2715.161.1517.580.617.260.558.42120.641439.42109.421669.48Denmark361.335.634.280.820.695.781.180.230.191.60759.42145.65121.961027.03Estonia27.411.320.000.020.100.130.000.080.380.460.0016.9478.2295.15Finland280.675.510.001.130.321.450.000.400.110.520.00205.7557.37263.12France2935.3664.2116.656.936.5430.120.570.240.221.03259.29107.97101.87469.13Germany3908.7981.362.9740.8011.8755.640.081.040.301.4236.47501.54145.84683.85Greece252.4210.980.285.880.446.600.112.330.172.6125.28535.7839.83600.90Hong Kong SAR312.397.311.157.820.679.640.372.500.213.08157.711069.7391.451318.89Iceland17.220.330.040.050.000.090.210.300.000.51110.28157.800.00268.08Ireland252.644.650.000.620.601.220.000.240.240.480.00132.71129.08261.79Israel321.248.370.008.530.789.310.002.660.242.900.001019.4993.231112.73Italy2152.9960.240.004.029.2513.270.000.190.430.620.0066.68153.64220.32Japan4881.91126.73102.0834.0620.96157.092.090.700.433.22805.50268.74165.371239.60Korea1560.5750.6429.0134.889.070.0072.951.862.240.580.004.67572.77688.78179.050.001440.60Luxembourg66.010.571.940.020.172.142.940.040.263.243401.5542.45303.173747.17Malta10.610.430.020.000.000.020.210.000.000.2153.450.000.0053.45Netherlands891.5516.942.142.695.2510.080.240.300.591.13126.53158.94309.74595.20New Zealand211.374.561.740.290.472.510.830.140.221.19382.2664.07103.69550.02Norway523.195.213.570.390.684.640.680.080.130.89685.7575.50129.60890.85Portugal231.9710.400.810.930.472.220.350.400.200.9678.1189.8245.48213.41Singapore320.245.526.400.171.277.852.000.050.402.451159.2331.13230.441420.80Slovak Republic103.215.420.252.220.763.240.242.150.743.1446.59409.39140.69596.67Slovenia50.712.060.001.110.091.200.002.190.182.380.00539.4044.31583.72Spain1421.7146.3914.146.273.7724.180.990.440.261.70304.86135.1781.20521.23Sweden572.699.831.150.540.161.850.200.090.030.32116.9854.4416.77188.20Switzerland680.118.190.830.070.611.510.120.010.090.22101.399.0174.05184.46Taiwan Province of China545.6423.4912.5114.423.311.3431.582.292.640.610.255.79532.66613.84140.7456.921344.15United Kingdom3002.9564.940.2828.6212.3441.230.010.950.411.374.25440.71190.01634.97United States18286.69321.24406.73203.3789.09699.182.221.110.493.821266.12633.08277.322176.53Commonwealth of Independent StatesArmenia11.473.300.140.000.280.070.501.240.012.480.624.3543.050.4686.1821.47151.16Azerbaijan85.449.462.770.001.700.935.403.240.001.991.096.32292.430.23179.8498.44570.94Belarus81.639.422.650.332.360.385.733.250.412.890.477.02281.7435.49250.5940.75608.58Georgia17.464.460.490.170.250.912.790.991.445.22109.3438.6056.40204.35Kazakhstan248.6817.688.2914.333.631.0927.343.335.761.460.4411.00468.81810.32205.4961.761546.39Kyrgyz Republic8.245.760.940.330.050.852.1811.454.010.6510.3026.41163.9257.449.25147.52378.13Moldova8.113.560.090.040.320.461.150.543.955.6426.1712.4190.11128.69Russia2098.85143.70138.9992.7470.3433.38335.446.624.423.351.5915.98967.20645.36489.49232.272334.31Tajikistan9.698.480.180.090.020.400.691.900.950.194.127.1521.6710.832.1447.0581.70Turkmenistan54.245.895.290.006.850.4212.579.750.0012.640.7823.17898.440.001163.8971.952134.28Ukraine136.0742.680.4166.7810.405.0582.630.3049.087.643.7160.739.591564.44243.61118.201935.84Uzbekistan67.8930.971.010.7913.952.1017.851.481.1720.553.0926.2932.5325.62450.4967.67576.31Emerging and Developing AsiaBangladesh209.32159.861.530.494.262.568.840.730.232.041.224.229.563.0526.6815.9955.29Brunei Darussalam17.540.420.460.000.450.050.952.600.002.540.305.441085.570.001062.62126.942275.14Cambodia18.3515.540.510.000.000.512.770.000.002.7732.670.000.0032.67China11285.131374.96111.722133.7526.410.002271.880.9918.910.230.0020.1381.261551.8719.210.001652.33India2247.581276.2772.19195.829.290.00277.313.218.710.410.0012.3456.56153.447.280.00217.28Indonesia914.97255.0848.8011.124.484.8269.225.331.210.490.537.57191.3143.5817.5818.90271.36Malaysia375.6330.7814.945.134.200.0024.273.981.371.120.006.46485.36166.73136.430.00788.52Mongolia12.222.971.141.430.002.569.3011.670.0020.97382.83480.430.00863.26Myanmar73.6251.851.070.350.251.671.450.480.342.2720.576.794.8132.17Nepal21.2328.430.220.200.000.421.040.950.001.997.747.110.0014.85Papua New Guinea20.337.720.000.020.020.000.120.120.003.153.15Philippines330.26101.424.373.730.480.008.581.321.130.140.002.6043.1336.784.720.0084.62Sri Lanka78.5021.112.270.290.000.002.562.900.370.000.003.26107.6713.620.000.00121.29Thailand397.4768.8411.8810.074.380.0026.342.992.531.100.006.63172.64146.3063.650.00382.59Vietnam204.5491.580.001.514.826.330.000.742.353.090.0016.5352.5969.12Emerging EuropeAlbania14.522.760.000.060.000.220.280.000.380.011.551.940.0020.030.7581.32102.11Bosnia and Herzegovina20.473.860.007.530.047.570.0036.800.1836.980.001950.279.321959.59Bulgaria57.607.171.8117.400.2919.503.1430.220.5033.85252.092428.7339.922720.74Croatia59.914.240.811.070.342.221.351.790.573.70191.35252.4880.13523.96FYR Macedonia 11.832.070.182.020.022.221.5517.040.1518.7488.37972.508.691069.57Hungary132.189.860.373.271.575.210.282.471.193.9437.75331.39159.52528.67Latvia34.122.030.140.060.250.460.420.180.741.3470.9229.50125.06225.48Lithuania51.002.931.230.410.602.242.410.811.174.39420.21140.86203.50764.57Montenegro, Rep. of4.950.630.050.780.000.831.0015.720.0016.7279.011245.200.001324.21Poland593.7638.023.3147.643.2554.200.568.020.559.1387.151253.0385.531425.71Romania215.3019.830.8411.441.7514.030.395.310.816.5242.55577.1388.13707.81Serbia42.967.160.0014.670.2414.910.0034.160.5534.700.002048.3632.862081.22Turkey861.0877.749.3924.165.3338.881.092.810.624.51120.80310.7768.52500.08Latin America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda1.280.090.000.000.010.010.000.001.121.120.000.00160.82160.82Argentina539.9442.430.550.658.967.3717.530.100.121.661.363.2513.0815.33211.08173.59413.08Bahamas, The9.310.360.000.000.060.060.000.000.620.620.000.00157.73157.73Barbados4.400.280.000.000.020.020.000.050.490.540.007.8376.6784.50Belize1.730.360.000.000.050.050.000.003.163.160.000.00150.48150.48Bolivia37.3111.461.770.000.530.232.534.740.001.410.616.77154.450.0046.0119.93220.39Brazil2356.78204.4539.403.593.009.4555.441.670.150.130.402.35192.7317.5514.6546.24271.17Chile279.6518.017.151.670.450.009.272.560.600.160.003.32397.0792.7725.230.00515.08Colombia427.1448.218.541.281.021.8412.672.000.300.240.432.97177.1626.4621.1538.12262.88Costa Rica54.404.840.770.030.000.791.410.050.001.46158.185.580.00163.75Dominica0.530.070.000.000.000.000.000.000.320.320.000.0023.8623.86Dominican Republic64.1710.792.420.180.121.354.073.770.280.192.106.34223.9716.6111.46124.96377.00Ecuador106.8716.285.580.000.060.396.045.220.000.060.375.65342.940.003.6824.12370.73El Salvador26.246.380.830.000.000.581.403.150.000.002.205.35129.520.030.0090.62220.17Grenada0.870.110.000.000.010.010.000.000.770.770.000.0062.5162.51Guatemala62.6316.271.080.100.000.251.431.720.170.000.392.2866.236.370.0015.2087.80Guyana3.330.800.000.000.050.050.000.001.591.590.000.0066.0466.04Haiti9.4210.600.110.000.000.220.341.170.000.002.393.5610.390.000.0021.2131.59Honduras20.268.430.120.000.000.000.120.580.000.000.000.5813.850.000.000.0013.85Jamaica14.192.810.280.020.000.000.302.010.110.000.002.12101.245.520.000.00106.76Mexico1367.30121.0922.582.046.240.0030.861.650.150.460.002.26186.4516.8851.530.00254.87Nicaragua12.286.300.250.000.000.280.542.060.000.002.304.3740.170.000.0044.9285.09Panama49.144.011.240.000.000.221.472.530.000.000.452.98310.500.000.0055.19365.68Paraguay34.857.020.500.000.000.130.631.430.000.000.371.8071.240.000.0018.2289.46Peru217.6131.910.870.140.820.001.830.400.060.380.000.8427.244.3125.730.0057.29St. Kitts and Nevis0.850.060.000.000.010.010.000.000.750.750.000.00104.32104.32Suriname5.650.560.000.000.110.110.000.001.951.950.000.00197.16197.16Trinidad and Tobago30.711.361.440.041.970.564.004.700.136.411.8113.041062.3129.061449.48409.102949.95Uruguay58.063.420.260.000.010.260.440.000.010.4574.690.282.3477.31Venezuela226.3230.9331.560.097.086.4345.1713.950.043.132.8419.961020.393.06228.89207.941460.28Middle East, North Africa, and PakistanAfghanistan23.2332.010.000.030.060.090.000.140.250.390.001.021.842.86Algeria238.4639.4715.620.105.792.3623.876.550.042.430.9910.01395.652.51146.7059.83604.70Bahrain35.071.221.020.001.481.443.942.920.004.214.1111.23837.390.001207.621179.723224.74Djibouti1.740.970.000.000.010.010.000.000.490.490.000.008.848.84Egypt324.2788.4323.580.085.762.9432.357.270.021.770.919.98266.630.8865.0833.20365.79Iran417.2778.9758.810.2238.3511.16108.5314.090.059.192.6726.01744.692.74485.56141.341374.33Iraq240.0136.980.000.490.000.490.000.210.000.210.0013.370.0013.37Jordan39.346.820.680.040.090.611.421.730.100.221.563.6299.846.0112.9289.90208.67Kuwait180.974.1110.370.052.001.6814.105.730.031.100.937.792522.1311.60486.44409.783429.95Lebanon50.814.553.050.050.032.125.256.000.100.064.1710.32669.0811.476.30465.141151.99Libya63.046.316.000.000.450.006.449.510.000.710.0010.22950.950.0070.690.001021.64Mauritania4.463.710.000.000.060.060.000.001.291.290.000.0015.5315.53Morocco121.8833.501.090.720.151.960.890.590.121.6132.5121.504.4058.41Oman81.644.234.370.002.460.437.275.360.003.020.538.901034.520.00582.32102.131718.97Pakistan190.011.351.407.400.0010.150.007.117.3438.960.0053.41Qatar227.102.416.780.005.172.5114.472.990.002.281.116.372810.290.002143.831041.125995.25Saudi Arabia805.2231.3985.990.009.5011.06106.5610.680.001.181.3713.232739.880.00302.60352.543395.03Sudan64.5038.441.370.000.001.372.130.000.002.1335.770.000.0035.77Tunisia50.0311.110.100.010.611.282.000.200.021.232.564.019.090.7255.28115.28180.37United Arab Emirates440.189.586.990.5218.223.2328.961.590.124.140.736.58730.0054.291901.53337.033022.85Yemen50.9728.280.100.000.090.170.360.190.000.180.340.703.400.003.206.0812.69Sub-Saharan AfricaAngola141.7625.113.820.000.080.384.282.690.000.060.273.02152.000.003.2615.12170.38Benin10.1310.860.000.000.000.000.000.010.000.000.000.010.110.000.000.000.11Botswana17.742.130.400.200.000.110.712.281.120.000.624.03190.2493.670.0051.58335.49Burkina Faso14.8317.930.000.000.190.190.000.001.301.300.000.0010.7810.78Cameroon34.4023.110.010.000.040.890.930.010.000.112.592.720.220.001.6138.6040.43Cape Verde2.110.520.000.000.060.060.000.002.812.810.000.00112.93112.93Congo, Republic of15.124.370.000.000.140.730.880.010.000.934.855.790.460.0032.16167.90200.52Cte d'Ivoire38.1723.310.060.000.221.201.480.170.000.573.153.882.700.009.2751.5163.48Democratic Republic of the Congo35.5781.680.000.000.000.790.790.000.000.002.232.230.000.000.019.699.70Equatorial Guinea13.850.800.000.170.170.001.231.230.00212.22212.22Ethiopia55.5292.981.110.030.000.621.762.010.050.001.123.1711.980.310.006.6618.95Gabon21.721.610.060.000.040.000.100.270.000.180.000.4536.100.0024.760.0060.86Ghana32.6126.890.650.000.050.000.701.980.010.150.002.1424.010.181.820.0026.01Kenya69.9844.080.930.040.000.191.161.330.060.000.271.6621.070.990.004.3626.41Lesotho2.661.920.000.000.040.040.000.001.681.680.000.0023.3523.35Madagascar11.8224.240.000.000.140.140.000.001.221.220.000.005.965.96Malawi4.9818.110.000.000.150.150.000.002.992.990.000.008.228.22Mali13.0716.290.000.000.160.160.000.001.211.210.000.009.699.69Mozambique18.6027.120.110.000.091.101.290.570.010.475.916.963.910.103.2140.5247.74Namibia13.072.210.330.000.000.160.502.540.020.001.263.82150.271.380.0074.27225.92Nigeria657.22178.722.700.011.750.454.910.410.000.270.070.7515.130.039.812.5027.48Rwanda8.7611.400.000.000.040.040.000.000.450.450.000.003.433.43Senegal16.8514.970.000.040.000.370.420.000.260.022.202.480.002.960.1924.7527.90South Africa352.5354.8617.5224.140.434.2846.384.976.850.121.2213.16319.31440.077.9078.10845.37Tanzania40.2449.100.490.020.120.861.481.210.040.292.133.679.910.312.4117.4430.08Uganda26.9239.190.000.000.410.410.000.001.511.510.000.0010.3710.37Zambia28.8615.520.110.050.002.242.400.390.170.007.768.317.223.080.00144.29154.60Zimbabwe14.3813.410.000.420.002.943.370.002.950.0020.4823.420.0031.610.00219.65251.26

By component (2015)Post-tax subsidies in US$ billions (nominal)Post-tax subsidies as a percent of GDPPost-tax subsidies in US$ per capita (nominal)CountryNominal GDP US$, billionsPopulation, millionsPre-tax subsidiesGlobal warmingLocal air pollutionCongestionAccidentsRoad damageForegone consumption tax revenueTotal post-tax subsidiesPre-tax subsidiesGlobal warmingLocal air pollutionCongestionAccidentsRoad damageForegone consumption tax revenueTotal post-tax subsidiesPre-tax subsidiesGlobal warmingLocal air pollutionCongestionAccidentsRoad damageForegone consumption tax revenueTotal post-tax subsidies

AdvancedAustralia1534.6023.870.8213.744.385.731.071.023.3030.060.050.900.290.370.070.070.211.9634.28575.34183.55240.0445.0042.92138.121259.26Austria448.088.560.141.500.870.490.150.050.623.820.030.340.190.110.030.010.140.8516.29175.82101.4857.2017.805.2772.19446.04Belgium536.1411.243.032.082.460.510.110.061.9610.210.570.390.460.100.020.010.371.90270.04185.13219.1945.649.455.07174.22908.74Canada1873.3335.881.4017.206.0514.892.080.883.5346.040.070.920.320.790.110.050.192.4639.07479.49168.74415.0857.8924.5598.531283.35Cyprus21.410.900.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.020.030.000.000.000.020.07Czech Republic208.8710.530.003.8612.440.350.200.080.6517.580.001.855.950.170.100.040.318.420.00366.791181.1532.8919.067.5862.001669.48Denmark361.335.630.001.190.662.350.190.081.305.780.000.330.180.650.050.020.361.600.00212.19117.80418.1833.2914.23231.341027.03Estonia27.411.320.000.060.050.000.000.000.010.130.000.240.170.000.000.000.050.460.0049.2636.370.000.000.009.5295.15Finland280.675.510.000.960.480.000.000.000.011.450.000.340.170.000.000.000.000.520.00174.9486.730.000.000.001.45263.12France2935.3664.210.158.078.046.081.570.605.6130.120.010.270.270.210.050.020.191.032.30125.70125.1994.7524.499.3487.36469.13Germany3908.7981.363.2621.9124.550.000.000.005.9255.640.080.560.630.000.000.000.151.4240.08269.25301.700.000.000.0072.82683.85Greece252.4210.980.251.664.600.000.000.000.096.600.100.661.820.000.000.000.042.6122.43151.32418.870.000.000.008.29600.90Hong Kong SAR312.397.310.001.956.700.480.110.060.339.640.000.632.150.150.030.020.113.080.00267.23917.6466.0014.797.5645.671318.89Iceland17.220.330.000.020.030.000.000.000.040.090.000.100.190.000.000.000.220.510.0051.71100.680.000.000.00115.69268.08Ireland252.644.650.110.680.290.000.000.000.141.220.040.270.110.000.000.000.050.4824.38146.3161.700.000.000.0029.40261.79Israel321.248.370.011.917.170.000.000.000.239.310.000.602.230.000.000.000.072.901.09228.39856.210.000.000.0027.041112.73Italy2152.9960.240.008.242.280.000.000.002.7513.270.000.380.110.000.000.000.130.620.00136.7337.870.000.000.0045.72220.32Japan4881.91126.730.1342.2949.3348.485.162.519.19157.090.000.871.010.990.110.050.193.221.06333.70389.25382.5640.7419.8272.481239.60Korea1560.5750.640.0022.1131.716.836.771.234.3172.950.001.422.030.440.430.080.284.670.00436.61626.24134.79133.6724.2785.021440.60Luxembourg66.010.570.000.290.381.180.060.000.232.140.000.440.581.790.090.000.353.240.00506.96666.302067.85100.494.98400.593747.17Malta10.610.430.000.000.000.010.000.000.010.020.000.020.040.060.020.020.050.210.005.2110.2115.735.364.6312.3053.45Netherlands891.5516.940.005.082.141.190.200.031.4410.080.000.570.240.130.020.000.161.130.00300.26126.6070.0611.671.7984.82595.20New Zealand211.374.560.001.050.350.590.160.300.072.510.000.500.160.280.070.140.031.190.00229.8876.28128.3434.4466.6314.45550.02Norway523.195.210.130.961.371.680.180.160.174.640.020.180.260.320.030.030.030.8924.32183.39262.62322.7633.8431.6032.34890.85Portugal231.9710.400.011.000.600.270.190.040.112.220.000.430.260.120.080.020.050.960.7696.0057.8826.3018.443.5210.53213.41Singapore320.245.520.001.203.212.560.400.210.267.850.000.381.000.800.120.070.082.450.00217.74581.22463.1872.3838.9047.371420.80Slovak Republic103.215.420.011.171.700.080.060.010.223.240.011.131.640.070.060.010.213.141.27215.29312.5814.2211.401.6040.31596.67Slovenia50.712.060.010.310.870.000.000.000.011.200.020.611.720.000.000.000.032.384.74149.88422.300.000.000.006.80583.72Spain1421.7146.390.416.458.325.461.350.471.7124.180.030.450.590.380.100.030.121.708.92139.07179.33117.6729.1610.1736.91521.23Sweden572.699.830.000.590.410.550.050.040.211.850.000.100.070.100.010.010.040.320.0060.4842.1055.584.623.7321.67188.20Switzerland680.118.190.000.370.250.210.030.000.651.510.000.050.040.030.000.000.100.220.0045.3530.9425.703.360.0079.10184.46Taiwan Province of China545.6423.490.3410.709.766.691.800.282.0131.580.061.961.791.230.330.050.375.7914.60455.45415.35284.5676.7211.8685.631344.15United Kingdom3002.9564.940.4913.7423.350.000.000.003.6641.230.020.460.780.000.000.000.121.377.50211.53359.520.000.000.0056.42634.97United States18286.69321.2413.29219.19206.56147.1058.269.4845.32699.180.071.201.130.800.320.050.253.8241.36682.32643.00457.90181.3529.50141.092176.53Commonwealth of Independent StatesArmenia11.473.300.000.240.110.000.000.000.140.500.042.050.990.000.010.011.254.351.4071.2534.490.040.290.2943.40151.16Azerbaijan85.449.460.881.441.080.320.640.031.015.401.031.691.260.380.750.031.186.3292.90152.65114.1134.2667.312.87106.85570.94Belarus81.639.420.102.092.350.030.280.080.805.730.122.562.880.040.350.100.987.0210.52221.54249.283.5030.188.8484.72608.58Georgia17.464.460.000.280.280.000.140.000.200.910.001.621.600.020.800.011.165.220.0063.5662.840.6131.510.4945.34204.35Kazakhstan248.6817.681.9811.079.590.222.880.071.5327.340.804.453.860.091.160.030.6111.00111.91625.92542.4212.67162.854.1986.441546.39Kyrgyz Republic8.245.760.670.450.230.050.330.000.442.188.165.512.800.653.980.025.3026.41116.8178.8540.069.2856.930.3275.89378.13Moldova8.113.560.000.300.050.000.010.000.090.460.003.680.660.030.140.001.135.640.0083.8715.150.763.120.0925.70128.69Russia2098.85143.7042.8269.72159.474.0228.991.0629.36335.442.043.327.600.191.380.051.4015.98297.98485.211109.7327.94201.717.39204.352334.31Tajikistan9.698.480.320.100.050.000.100.000.120.693.301.030.530.011.010.001.257.1537.7411.826.100.1511.600.0114.2781.70Turkmenistan54.245.895.803.321.060.141.010.021.2312.5710.706.111.950.251.860.042.2623.17985.29563.08179.2523.46171.523.42208.272134.28Ukraine136.0742.687.9811.4659.330.000.000.003.8782.635.868.4243.600.000.000.002.8460.73186.89268.551389.840.000.000.0090.561935.84Uzbekistan67.8930.978.095.840.510.020.460.002.9517.8511.918.600.740.030.670.004.3426.29261.12188.4116.330.6214.700.0095.13576.31Emerging and Developing AsiaBangladesh209.32159.862.482.731.100.020.310.032.178.841.191.300.520.010.150.011.044.2215.5217.086.860.111.920.1913.6055.29Brunei Darussalam17.540.420.140.440.180.060.060.000.080.950.792.491.010.320.360.020.465.44329.471043.57420.56131.78149.308.51191.962275.14Cambodia18.3515.540.000.060.040.000.330.020.060.510.000.350.200.021.790.080.322.770.004.112.340.2521.170.983.8232.67China11285.131374.960.00433.361733.9325.5821.760.9856.282271.880.003.8415.360.230.190.010.5020.130.00315.181261.0818.6015.820.7240.931652.33India2247.581276.2711.2885.88135.652.1333.860.967.55277.310.503.826.040.091.510.040.3412.348.8467.29106.291.6726.530.755.92217.28Indonesia914.97255.089.6020.1316.926.109.980.595.8969.221.052.201.850.671.090.060.647.5737.6578.9166.3423.9239.142.3023.10271.36Malaysia375.6330.780.009.064.982.465.180.122.4624.270.002.411.330.661.380.030.656.460.00294.48161.8680.07168.243.9979.87788.52Mongolia12.222.970.000.771.200.080.380.010.132.560.006.339.830.633.090.061.0320.970.00260.50404.4825.96127.192.6542.48863.26Myanmar73.6251.850.100.470.230.050.520.000.301.670.140.640.320.060.710.000.402.271.949.024.500.9010.040.055.7132.17Nepal21.2328.430.000.140.110.010.090.010.060.420.000.670.540.060.430.030.261.990.005.004.020.423.180.261.9714.85Papua New Guinea20.337.720.000.020.000.000.000.000.000.020.000.100.010.000.000.000.010.120.002.730.160.000.000.000.263.15Philippines330.26101.420.003.702.670.950.270.130.878.580.001.120.810.290.080.040.262.600.0036.4826.299.322.611.308.6184.62Sri Lanka78.5021.110.160.550.290.011.210.000.342.560.210.700.370.011.540.000.433.267.7926.0613.660.4157.210.1815.97121.29Thailand397.4768.840.009.799.881.853.780.290.7526.340.002.462.490.470.950.070.196.630.00142.19143.5526.9454.904.1710.84382.59Vietnam204.5491.581.121.290.030.000.000.003.896.330.550.630.020.000.000.001.903.0912.1814.120.370.000.000.0042.4569.12Emerging EuropeAlbania14.522.760.060.010.050.000.000.000.160.280.410.050.340.000.000.001.131.9421.742.7517.940.000.000.0059.67102.11Bosnia and Herzegovina20.473.860.000.936.610.000.000.000.037.570.004.5332.280.000.000.000.1636.980.00240.141710.870.000.000.008.591959.59Bulgaria57.607.170.001.5916.660.230.670.010.3419.500.002.7528.930.401.170.010.5833.850.00221.282325.1132.4693.901.0046.992720.74Croatia59.914.240.000.461.200.080.130.020.342.220.000.762.000.130.210.040.573.700.00107.69282.7518.3029.865.0980.27523.96FYR Macedonia 11.832.070.000.271.830.020.040.000.062.220.002.2515.460.210.310.040.4718.740.00128.55882.2511.9617.882.3526.571069.57Hungary132.189.860.001.343.030.090.080.000.675.210.001.012.290.070.060.000.513.940.00135.80307.478.888.450.2267.87528.67Latvia34.122.030.000.160.190.010.010.010.080.460.000.470.550.030.040.030.221.340.0079.7892.254.377.154.6137.32225.48Lithuania51.002.930.000.461.120.090.350.050.172.240.000.902.190.170.700.090.344.390.00157.19381.1729.93121.0715.7359.47764.57Montenegro, Rep. of4.950.630.000.090.700.010.030.000.000.830.001.7614.150.160.580.030.0516.720.00139.211120.5212.5445.662.463.821324.21Poland593.7638.020.7711.5536.850.380.580.044.0254.200.131.946.210.060.100.010.689.1320.23303.75969.3810.0315.341.11105.861425.71Romania215.3019.830.002.1910.570.020.100.001.1514.030.001.024.910.010.050.000.536.520.00110.30533.091.035.140.2058.05707.81Serbia42.967.160.001.6013.130.000.000.000.1914.910.003.7130.560.000.000.000.4334.700.00222.641832.650.000.000.0025.932081.22Turkey861.0877.740.2011.0217.774.831.650.023.3838.880.021.282.060.560.190.000.394.512.57141.80228.6262.1121.270.2743.44500.08Latin America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda1.280.090.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.780.000.000.000.000.000.341.12111.430.000.000.000.000.0049.38160.82Argentina539.9442.438.764.420.670.000.000.003.6817.531.620.820.120.000.000.000.683.25206.54104.0715.750.000.000.0086.71413.08Bahamas, The9.310.360.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.060.470.000.000.000.000.000.150.62119.450.000.000.000.000.0038.29157.73Barbados4.400.280.010.000.000.000.000.000.010.020.190.040.000.000.000.000.300.5429.877.070.230.000.000.0047.3284.50Belize1.730.360.050.000.000.000.000.000.010.052.630.000.000.000.000.000.533.16125.320.000.000.000.000.0025.16150.48Bolivia37.3111.460.700.760.060.060.510.070.382.531.882.040.150.151.360.181.016.7761.1166.434.884.9044.385.9732.72220.39Brazil2356.78204.451.7011.976.849.624.860.0620.3955.440.070.510.290.410.210.000.872.358.3358.5433.4547.0623.790.2999.71271.17Chile279.6518.010.002.792.661.300.990.331.219.270.001.000.950.460.350.120.433.320.00154.81147.9772.1154.9618.1967.03515.08Colombia427.1448.210.832.782.760.633.260.052.3612.670.200.650.650.150.760.010.552.9717.3157.5857.2013.1667.541.0649.03262.88Costa Rica54.404.840.000.120.090.150.200.000.210.790.000.230.170.280.380.000.391.460.0025.8119.0032.0042.220.3644.36163.75Dominica0.530.070.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.100.000.000.000.000.000.220.327.220.000.000.000.000.0016.6423.86Dominican Republic64.1710.791.200.430.360.230.960.050.834.071.870.680.560.371.500.071.306.34111.2540.2933.1821.7689.054.3077.16377.00Ecuador106.8716.281.641.110.270.721.400.240.676.041.531.040.250.671.310.220.625.65100.4668.3416.4244.1085.7514.7640.91370.73El Salvador26.246.380.510.150.030.010.490.040.181.401.950.560.120.031.850.160.685.3580.3822.855.131.2776.056.4828.00220.17Grenada0.870.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.480.000.000.000.000.000.290.7739.140.000.000.000.000.0023.3762.51Guatemala62.6316.270.150.260.040.210.430.020.331.430.240.410.060.330.680.040.522.289.4115.782.2612.7526.231.3520.0287.80Guyana3.330.800.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.051.250.000.000.000.000.000.341.5951.990.000.000.000.000.0014.0566.04Haiti9.4210.600.210.030.010.010.030.010.050.342.240.270.060.080.280.060.553.5619.932.420.550.722.500.574.9131.59Honduras20.268.430.000.010.010.000.000.000.100.120.000.070.030.000.000.000.470.580.001.710.830.000.000.0011.3113.85Jamaica14.192.810.000.050.020.030.060.000.130.300.000.370.130.230.440.010.942.120.0018.726.4311.6822.230.3747.34106.76Mexico1367.30121.090.0011.313.884.751.690.129.1130.860.000.830.280.350.120.010.672.260.0093.3932.0639.2113.951.0275.23254.87Nicaragua12.286.300.240.050.000.030.080.010.120.541.930.370.030.260.680.081.024.3737.607.170.655.0113.301.5419.8385.09Panama49.144.010.170.250.160.400.300.060.121.470.340.510.330.820.610.120.252.9842.0961.9541.08100.5974.7114.8630.39365.68Paraguay34.857.020.030.070.030.060.190.030.230.630.090.190.070.170.540.080.661.804.509.633.588.2326.624.2032.7089.46Peru217.6131.910.000.960.040.070.210.000.551.830.000.440.020.030.100.000.250.840.0030.121.332.106.600.0017.1457.29St. Kitts and Nevis0.850.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.490.000.000.000.000.000.260.7568.050.000.000.000.000.0036.27104.32Suriname5.650.560.090.000.000.000.000.000.020.111.620.000.000.000.000.000.321.95164.500.000.000.000.000.0032.66197.16Trinidad and Tobago30.711.360.802.120.250.160.400.030.234.002.626.920.820.541.320.090.7413.04591.461564.86185.63121.20298.0321.31167.452949.95Uruguay58.063.420.000.010.000.000.000.000.260.260.000.010.000.000.000.000.440.450.001.800.090.000.000.0075.4377.31Venezuela226.3230.9323.676.043.315.852.800.033.4845.1710.462.671.462.581.240.011.5419.96765.10195.13107.16188.9890.391.07112.441460.28Middle East, North Africa, and PakistanAfghanistan23.2332.010.030.030.000.000.000.000.040.090.110.130.000.000.000.000.150.390.830.930.000.000.000.001.102.86Algeria238.4639.478.795.311.832.443.310.082.1023.873.692.230.771.021.390.030.8810.01222.61134.5946.3361.7983.972.0953.31604.70Bahrain35.071.221.621.360.170.240.100.000.453.944.623.880.480.690.290.011.2711.231326.151112.58138.95198.1982.571.98364.333224.74Djibouti1.740.970.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.400.000.000.000.000.000.090.497.140.000.000.000.000.001.708.84Egypt324.2788.4315.677.392.011.043.890.142.2132.354.832.280.620.321.200.040.689.98177.1683.6122.7511.7443.991.5724.98365.79Iran417.2778.9762.3220.744.725.2814.370.130.96108.5314.944.971.131.273.440.030.2326.01789.19262.6259.7866.89182.021.6812.141374.33Iraq240.0136.980.410.060.010.000.000.000.010.490.170.030.000.000.000.000.000.2111.201.650.280.000.000.000.2513.37Jordan39.346.820.480.180.030.110.120.000.511.421.210.470.070.270.310.001.293.6269.8827.013.9215.6418.070.0174.13208.67Kuwait180.974.113.282.592.792.910.640.011.8814.101.811.431.541.610.350.011.047.79798.61631.06677.92706.84155.443.62456.453429.95Lebanon50.814.552.280.760.460.340.610.000.785.254.481.510.910.681.200.001.5410.32499.91167.98101.8075.61134.040.37172.271151.99Libya63.046.312.691.270.250.630.950.020.636.444.272.010.401.011.510.021.0010.22426.67200.9740.07100.50150.792.41100.221021.64Mauritania4.463.710.050.000.000.000.000.000.010.061.030.000.000.000.000.000.271.2912.340.000.000.000.000.003.1915.53Morocco121.8833.500.250.810.340.040.180.010.321.960.210.670.280.030.150.010.261.617.5124.3210.291.085.390.189.6358.41Oman81.644.230.942.840.600.261.640.010.987.271.153.480.730.322.010.011.208.90221.95671.79140.7762.08388.201.81232.381718.97Pakistan190.013.213.981.080.070.170.031.6110.150.0016.8720.935.710.370.890.168.4753.41Qatar227.102.413.735.302.080.731.060.021.5514.471.642.330.920.320.470.010.686.371544.142196.52861.06304.01440.778.37640.395995.25Saudi Arabia805.2231.3937.1916.8912.7710.7016.990.0911.92106.564.622.101.591.332.110.011.4813.231185.01538.23406.81340.96541.412.91379.703395.03Sudan64.5038.440.530.530.030.110.000.040.141.370.820.820.040.170.000.060.222.1313.8413.810.652.870.000.943.6735.77Tunisia50.0311.111.040.580.050.000.000.000.332.002.071.160.110.000.000.000.674.0193.3052.084.920.000.000.0030.08180.37United Arab Emirates440.189.5812.647.571.251.602.630.023.2428.962.871.720.280.360.600.010.746.581319.65790.46130.39167.01274.762.32338.263022.85Yemen50.9728.280.110.130.010.000.000.000.110.360.210.260.010.000.000.000.220.703.874.650.180.050.000.033.9212.69Sub-Saharan AfricaAngola141.7625.110.960.730.550.421.060.020.534.280.680.510.390.290.750.020.383.0238.3728.9722.0816.5942.170.9421.27170.38Benin10.1310.860.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.110.11Botswana17.742.130.100.210.060.020.230.000.100.710.591.160.310.111.280.000.574.0348.9796.5226.219.23106.930.0047.64335.49Burkina Faso14.8317.930.140.000.000.000.000.000.060.190.920.000.000.000.000.000.391.307.570.000.000.000.000.003.2110.78Cameroon34.4023.110.770.030.000.000.000.000.140.932.230.100.000.000.000.000.392.7233.141.440.010.000.000.005.8540.43Cape Verde2.110.520.050.000.000.000.000.000.010.062.210.000.000.000.000.000.602.8188.990.000.000.000.000.0023.93112.93Congo, Republic of15.124.370.690.130.000.000.000.000.060.884.540.830.000.000.000.000.435.79157.0128.640.020.000.000.0014.86200.52Cte d'Ivoire38.1723.310.990.180.000.000.000.000.311.482.590.480.000.000.000.000.813.8842.377.860.050.000.000.0013.2063.48Democratic Republic of the Congo35.5781.680.680.000.000.000.000.000.110.791.910.000.000.000.000.000.322.238.300.010.000.000.000.001.409.70Equatorial Guinea13.850.800.000.150.000.000.000.000.020.170.001.050.000.000.000.000.171.230.00182.380.830.000.000.0029.01212.22Ethiopia55.5292.980.670.400.020.000.410.010.241.761.210.730.040.010.740.020.433.177.234.340.270.044.390.132.5618.95Gabon21.721.610.000.050.000.000.010.000.030.100.000.210.010.020.060.000.150.450.0028.431.752.408.030.0020.2560.86Ghana32.6126.890.000.220.010.030.240.020.170.700.000.680.040.100.730.060.522.140.008.300.481.218.900.746.3726.01Kenya69.9844.080.160.320.020.070.190.010.401.160.230.460.030.100.270.010.571.663.677.280.451.604.270.168.9826.41Lesotho2.661.920.040.000.000.000.000.000.010.041.350.000.000.000.000.000.331.6818.810.000.000.000.000.004.5423.35Madagascar11.8224.240.110.000.000.000.000.000.030.140.960.000.000.000.000.000.271.224.660.000.000.000.000.001.305.96Malawi4.9818.110.120.000.000.000.000.000.030.152.410.000.000.000.000.000.582.996.630.000.000.000.000.001.598.22Mali13.0716.290.130.000.000.000.000.000.020.161.020.000.000.000.000.000.191.218.160.000.000.000.000.001.539.69Mozambique18.6027.121.050.100.000.000.010.000.131.295.630.550.000.000.060.000.716.9638.633.750.020.020.410.034.8847.74Namibia13.072.210.110.030.000.050.160.000.150.500.850.240.020.361.200.001.143.8250.5513.981.4521.2971.190.0067.45225.92Nigeria657.22178.720.922.410.270.180.350.000.784.910.140.370.040.030.050.000.120.755.1513.471.501.021.980.004.3627.48Rwanda8.7611.400.030.000.000.000.000.000.010.040.330.000.000.000.000.000.110.452.570.000.000.000.000.000.863.43Senegal16.8514.970.280.040.000.000.000.000.100.421.640.260.010.000.000.000.572.4818.452.950.080.000.000.006.4327.90South Africa352.5354.862.5120.348.373.676.010.105.3746.380.715.772.371.041.710.031.5213.1645.81370.68152.6066.92109.601.8297.93845.37Tanzania40.2449.100.750.180.010.000.220.000.321.481.860.440.010.000.550.010.793.6715.273.610.110.004.520.096.4730.08Uganda26.9239.190.320.000.000.000.000.000.080.411.200.000.000.000.000.000.311.518.270.000.000.000.000.002.1010.37Zambia28.8615.522.060.050.000.000.020.000.272.407.140.170.000.000.080.000.928.31132.743.160.070.001.420.0017.20154.60Zimbabwe14.3813.412.700.410.010.000.000.000.253.3718.782.830.040.000.000.001.7723.42201.4830.400.430.000.000.0018.93251.26