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Standard 1: The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17 th century.

Terms:

Virginia Company of London – joint stock company formed for the settlement of Jamestown

Jamestown (1607) first colonial settlement along the James River, in what is now Virginia

Joint stock company form of business organization in which many investors pool funds to raise large amounts of money for large projects

Representative government – a system of government in which laws are made by elected representatives

Indentured servants an individual who worked for others for a specified number of years in exchange for payment for transport from another country

Mayflower Compact –an agreement by several to abide by laws made for the colony as a whole

Massachusetts Bay Colony – Puritan settlement founded in 1629

Puritans – someone who wanted to purify the Anglican church during the 1500s and 1600s

Parliament – the British legislative assembly divided into the House of Lords and House of Commons

Salem Witch Trials – trials during which a Puritan government in a small village imprisoned and killed people accused of being witches

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – (1639) early document that established a foundation for America’s democracy

Questions:

1. Which statement BEST explains the growth of representative government in Massachusetts Bay Colony?a. The Puritans wanted to establish order within their societies. b. England encouraged self-rule among the colonies.c. Religious tolerance depended on the growth of elected legislatures.d. Each newly chartered colony patterned itself on other colonies.

2. The Mayflower Compact served to establisha. Religious freedom throughout the colonies.b. The possibility of self-government. c. Trade agreements with England and France.d. A covenant between Separatists and non-separatists.

3. What was the House of Burgesses?a. The home of Puritan leadersb. Home of the governor of Virginiac. The Parliament of Virginiad. An elected governing body in Virginia

4. Which phrase BEST describes the American colonies?a. Religious purpose b. Peace and stabilityc. Successful from the startd. Social equality

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Standard 2: The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.

Terms:

Charter colonies – Colonies in which the people could elect the governor and legislature

Proprietary colonies – colonies in which the individuals who granted land to the colonists had the power to appoint the governor and legislature

Royal colonies – colonies in which the British government appointed the governor and upper house of the legislature

Mercantilism – the theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth

Navigation Acts – a series of restrictive laws that controlled colonial trade during the 17th c, designed for the economic advantage of England

Triangular trade – a three way trade route that exchanged goods between the American colonies and two other trading partners

Middle Passage – the difficult journey slaves endures in crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

Enlightenment – movement during the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge and reason

Natural rights – fundamental rights all people are born possessing, including life, liberty, and property

Questions:

1. Which phrase BEST describes the thirteen colonies?a. Socially and politically alikeb. Relatively similar geographicallyc. Politically and economically diverse d. Economically independent of Britain

2. What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?a. To stop the Middle Passageb. To control the trans-Atlantic trade c. To end the Atlantic slave traded. To halt the triangular trade

3. What effect did the 1808 ban on the Atlantic slave trade have on slavery in America?a. It ended slavery in the Southb. It resulted in a gradual end to slavery in America.c. It had little effect. d. It slowed the expansion of slavery.

4. What was part of the Enlightenment?a. Government as a social contract b. Restrictions on freedomc. A distrust of scienced. Religious equality

Standard 3: The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

Terms:

French and Indian War – North American phase of a war between France and Britain to control colonial territory (1754 – 1763); the wars more complex European phase was the Seven Years War

Treaty of Paris, 1763 – agreement between France, Spain, and Great Britain ending the French and Indian War

Currency Act of 1764 – act passed by Parliament prohibiting colonial currency

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Proclamation of 1763 – law which prohibited the westward expansion of the colonies beyond an imaginary line crossing the Appalachian Mountains

Sugar Act of 1764 – a tax imposed on the colonies by the British crown

Stamp Act – (1765) a tax imposed on the colonies by the British crown- required a stamp to be placed on printed documents

Quartering Act of 1765 – required colonists to provide housing and supplies needed by British soldiers stationed in the colonies

Townshend Acts – set of laws that placed taxes on glass, paper, lead, paint and tea. Required that these items be purchased from Great Britain – replaced the Stamp Act

Sons of Liberty – colonial group organized to protest British laws that taxed the colonies

Boston Massacre – 1774 killing of 5 colonists by British soldiers

Tea Act – placed a new tax on tea, gave the East India Company control of the colonial tea trade

Boston Tea Party – an act of protest against the actions of Parliament during the American Revolution

Coercive Acts of 1774 – (Intolerable Acts) punitive measures imposed by the British on American colonists following the Boston Tea Party

Committees of Correspondence – Patriots who informed each other of British policies and actions in the colonies

First Continental Congress – assembly of colonial leaders who met in 1774 to address grievances against the British government and the Intolerable Acts

Minutemen – citizen militias who first clashed with British soldiers at the Battles of Lexington and Concord

Questions:

1. What effect did the Townshend Acts have on the colonists?a. They willingly paid taxes because they were loyal British subjects.b. They sent delegates to Parliament to negotiate the tax rates.c. They boycotted English goods as a way to protest taxes. d. They allowed for the taxing of English goods but protested the tax on tea

2. What did “no taxation without representation” mean to the colonists?a. The taxing power of British shopkeepers is represented in Parliament.b. There should be no taxation of British goods entering the colonies.c. Taxation in the colonies should only be for British citizens.d. The colonists should not be taxed without representation in Parliament

3. What followed the Boston Tea Party?a. The free flow of trade between the colonies and other countries.b. Harsh restrictions on colonial liberties and trade. c. Increased self-government in New England.d. The removal of British troops from the colonies

4. In response to the Coercive Acts, the First Continental Congressa. Agreed to an increased presence of British troopsb. Halted trade with Britain c. Agreed to Parliament’s conditionsd. Took no action

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Standard 4: The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

Terms:

Battles of Lexington and Concord – (April 1775) early skirmishes between colonists and British troops, sparking the American Revolution

Second Continental Congress – 1775 assembly following the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, MA, at which the Continental army, Declaration of Independence, and Articles of Confederation were created

Declaration of Independence – 1776 document declaring the independence of the thirteen colonies

Social contract – an agreement between the people and the government, for the government to act on the behalf of the people

Articles of Confederation – initial constitution adopted by the Second Continental Congress to establish a “loose league” of individual states; replaced in 1987 by the United States Constitution

Battle of Saratoga – (Oct 1777) American victory during the American Revolution that convinced the French to lend aid

Battle of Yorktown – (Oct, 1781) definitive victory of the American Revolution resulting in the surrender of 8,000 British troops

Treaty of Paris, 1783 – agreement between the United States and Great Britain ending the American Revolution and ceding all land east of the Mississippi River to the United States.

Questions:

1. Of what significance were the Battles of Lexington and Concord?a. They brought the American Revolution to an end.b. They were the first battles in America’s fight for independence c. They gave the upper hand to Great Britain against the Continental Army.d. The indicated that the war for independence would be swift.

2. William Franklin, the royal governor of New Jersey, was a loyalist. His father, Benjamin Franklin, signed the Declaration of Independence. What does this example indicate about colonial sentiment?

a. The loyalists and patriots were able to find common ground.b. Most colonists felt that the American Revolution was a just cause.c. The Declaration of Independence had the support of loyalists.d. The cause of liberty resulted in great division among the colonists.

3. How did the Treaty of Paris 1783 change the political map of North America?a. Great Britain gained land.b. The United States claimed land that had been under British control .c. France ceded Florida to Spain.d. The United States gained Florida from Spain.

4. Of what importance were men such as the Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben to the American cause?a. They served as spies.b. They provided expertise.c. They assisted the British.d. They served in Congress.

Standard 5: The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution.

Terms:

Constitution – plan of government or the rules of a country

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Congress – legislative branch of US government which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Constitutional Convention – 1787 assembly in Philadelphia, PA at which the US Constitution was written

Framers – a reference to the individuals whose ideas organized the United States government and are found in the Constitution

Virginia Plan – The plan considered by the Framers of the US Constitution to establish three separate branches of the government, James Madison

New Jersey Plan – a proposal by the framers for a legislature consisting of one house with equal representation regardless of size

Republic – a representative government where citizens vote; a form of government that is not led by a monarch

Limited government – the idea that government is restricted by laws or a constitution

Executive branch – branch of the US government charged with putting into effect a country’s laws and the administrating of its functions; consists of the president

Legislative branch – branch of the US government empowered to make the laws that are then enforced by the executive branch and interpreted by the judicial branch

Judicial branch – branch of US government that interprets the laws or says what the laws mean

Great Compromise – agreement among Framers of the US Constitution to establish two houses of Congress one with representation based on population and one of equal representation

House of Representatives – an elected house in Congress representative of a state’s population

Senate – a house of Congress popularly elected since ratification of the 17th amendment (1913) and with equal representation (2 Senators) from each state

Three-fifths compromise – an agreement by the Framers to count slaves as three-fifths of a person when determining a state’s population

Federalists – political party of Alexander Hamilton and others who supported a strong central government, built upon representation of the people; started in the 1796 election

Bill of Rights – first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee individual rights such as freedom of speech freedom of assembly and freedom of the press; added in 1781

Whiskey Rebellion – tax protest of PA farmers that prompted the President Washington to send troops to quell the uprising, showing the power of the federal government

Republicans – (anti-federalists) originally the political party of Thomas Jefferson which supported strong state governments and the direct involvement of the people in the decision of government; began with the 1796 election

Questions:

1. James Madison commented that, “A government composed of such extensive powers should be well organized and balanced.” Which of the following helped to balance power between the large and small states?

a. The slave tradeb. The Great Compromise c. The three-fifths compromised. The Bill of Rights

2. What contributed to the demise of the Articles of Confederation?a. The lack of representation in Congressb. The inability of Congress to regulate the economy c. The ability to make treaties with foreign governmentsd. The restrictions on debate within Congress

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3. Why did the Framers believe freedom of the press to be an essential right?a. It prevents taxation without representation. b. It helps to balance the power of government. c. It establishes a system of free international trade.d. It underscores the importance of a trial by jury.

4. What was added to the Constitution in order to ensure its ratification?a. Bill of Rights b. An executive branchc. Political partiesd. The right of foreign intervention

Standard 6: The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation.

Terms

Northwest ordinance – (1787) legislation governing the Northwest Territory that established a method for statehood

Lewis and Clark Expedition – (1803) exploration by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark through the northwest region of the Louisiana Purchase, west to the Pacific Ocean

Louisiana Purchase – (1803) land west of the Mississippi River purchased from France which doubled the size of the United States

Adams –Onis Treaty – or Transcontinental Treaty) treaty negotiated by John Quincy Adams and Luis de Onis, in which Spain ceded Florida and Oregon Country to the United States in exchange for sovereignty over Texas

Monroe Doctrine – 1823 policy of President Monroe that the US would not tolerate any additional European colonies in North America

Questions

1. Which legislation established the procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States?a. The Northwest Ordinance (1787) b. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)c. The Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)d. The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

2. What was the effect of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?a. It called for passage of the Homestead Act.b. It decreased interest in land west of the Mississippi.c. It encouraged westward expansion. d. It created interest in gold mining in California.

3. Which event led to the largest amount of land gained in the history of the United States?a. The Homestead Actb. The Northwest Ordinancec. The Louisiana Purchase d. The Adams-Onis Treaty

4. Of what significance were railroads and canals in 1830s?a. They slowed city growth.b. They stopped expansion.c. They encouraged westward movement d. They improved Native American relations

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Standard 7: Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19 th century, and the different responses to it.

Terms

Industrialization – process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant

Cotton gin – machine used for cleaning seeds from cotton, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Indian Removal Act – 1830 legislation that called for the removal of Native American living east of the Mississippi River

Trail of Tears – 1838-1839 forced migration of the Cherokee from the Southeast to Indian Territory (OK), during which thousands of Cherokee died

Manifest Destiny – the mid 19th Century belief that America as destined to expand its territory from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean

Homestead Act – 1862 legislation that opened up 270 million acres of land to be claimed by settlers in 160 acre parcels

Abolition – the immediate ending of slavery

Temperance - moderation in or abstinence from the use of alcoholic beverages

Spoils system – a practice of regarding public offices as rewards to be distributed to individuals who assisted elected officials

Secede – to leave a union of states

Force bill – (1833) allowed the president to take military action to enforce acts of Congress

Nationalism – a strong belief in the values and traditions of one’s country; loyalty to one’s country above all else

Questions

1. What did the Homestead Act allow people to do?a. Own land in the western territories after five years of residence b. Get assistance from the government to build a house in a new statec. Move east of the Mississippi Riverd. Travel on the Oregon Trail

2. The concept of Manifest Destiny meant it was providential that American settlersa. Build railroads to encourage trade between regionsb. Settle the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean c. Establish river towns to encourage the use of steam powerd. Ban slavery in all new states entering the Union

3. Who led reform of America’s public school system in the 1800s?a. Elizabeth Cady Stantonb. Andrew Jacksonc. Eli Whitneyd. Horace Mann

4. What characterized Jacksonian Democracy?a. Abolition of slaveryb. Strengthening of states’ rightsc. Expansion of the powers of the presidency d. Elimination of the spoils system

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Standard 8: The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.

Terms

States’ rights – the right of states to pass and enforce laws without federal interference

Tariff – a fee paid on the importation of goods

Nullification Crisis – South Carolina’s threat to nullify tariff legislation passed by Congress in 1828 and to secede from the Union

Fugitive Slave Law – (1793) allowed owners to reclaim runaway slaves; (1850) obligated individuals to assist in the capture of runaway slaves

Missouri Compromise of 1820 – legislation that prohibited slavery in states carved from the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36*-30’ N parallel

Compromise of 1850 – federal legislation that allowed the people of a state to determine if the state would be free or slave

Mexican American War – (1846-1848) war fought between the US and Mexico over Texas indpendence

Questions

1. Southern states believed they had the right to self-govern to protect theira. Economic interests b. Voting in Congressc. Right to freedom of speechd. Trade relations within the United States

2. The Compromise of 1850 conflicted with the Missouri Compromise becausea. It restricted slavery to states below the Mason-Dixon Line.b. It assured that Congress would maintain a balance of free and slave states.c. It allowed states to determine their slave status d. It called for an end to slavery by the beginning of the 20th century

3. Disagreement over which political party fueled the Nullification Crisis?a. Tariffsb. States’ rights c. Slaveryd. Voting rights

4. What was the result of the slave rebellion of Nat Turner?a. Aboltionb. The Wilmot Provisoc. The Missouri Compromised. Greater restrictions on slave

Standard 9: The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course and consequences of the Civil War.

Terms

Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854 legislation that allowed the people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide if their states would be free or slave

Sectionalism – a division of regional loyalty based on political, social and economic factors

Confederate States of America – political alliance formed by 11 southern states that had seceded from the Union following the election of Lincoln in 1860; also called the Confederacy

Border states – upper southern states, including DE, KY, MD, and MO, who chose to stay with the Union during the Civil War

Robert E. Lee – Commander of the Confederate forces

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Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – leader of the Confederate forces, wounded and died in 1863

Ulysses S. Grant – Commander of the Northern Army

Battle of Antietam – bloodiest one day battle in US history; prompted Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation – (Jan. 1, 1863) decree by President Lincoln freeing all slaves held in the Confederacy

Battle of Vicksburg – Northern victory, gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River

Battle of Gettysburg – Union victory, beginning of the end for the Confederate forces. Battle left Confederate forces weak

Gettysburg Address – (1863) President Lincoln’s speech to commemorate the new cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield, which conveyed the moral cause of preserving the Union.

Appomattox Court House – location of surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia to the Union Army on April 9-10 1865, ending the Civil War

Questions

1. Why was the Emancipation Proclamation limited in its scope?a. It only applied to enslaved people living under the Confederacy b. It freed the enslaved people only for a year.c. It prohibited blacks from serving in the military.d. It fostered negotiations between the North and South to end the war.

2. How did the Civil War affect the economy of the South?a. It rebounded during the war through the manufacture of war goods.b. It destroyed its infrastructure and farm fields, and resulted in a shortage of goods .c. It remained steady as people went to work making clothes for the army.d. It increased the need for farm items, resulting in higher profits for farmers.

3. The first battle of the Civil War occurred ata. Atlantab. Antietamc. Gettysburgd. Fort Sumter

4. What was a result of the Civil War?a. The federal government was weakened.b. Slavery was allowed to extend to the West.c. The Union was preserved. d. The Confederacy remained a separate nation

Standard 10: The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction.

Terms

Thirteenth Amendment – (1865) amendment that abolished slavery

Freedmen’s Bureau – government agency established after the Civil War to help freed slaves find jobs and education

Radical Republicans – post Civil War Republican congressmen who sought Reconstruction legislation that punished the South

Black codes – harsh laws passed by southern legislatures following the Civil War to restrict the economic, political, and social growth of African Americans

Fourteenth Amendment – (1868) granted citizenship to all Americans regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Jim Crow laws – late 19th century legislation that established the political, economic, and social separation of races

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Fifteenth Amendment – ratified in 1870; enfranchised, or gave the vote to, black men

Reconstruction – a federal plan for social, economic, ad political change in the former Confederacy following the Civil War

Poll taxes – a set of taxes established by southern states in the late 1800s with the intent of disenfranchising poor whites and blacks

Literacy tests – reading and civics test devised by southern legislatures to disenfranchise poor white and African American voters

Questions

1. How did the Reconstruction plans of the Radical Republicans differ from those of Andrew Johnson?a. The Radical Republicans preferred the nation split into two regions.b. The Radical Republicans believed Johnson’s plan was too harsh.c. The Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South. d. The Radical Republicans hoped to reestablish the plantation system.

2. In 1877, President Hayes told an audience, “...your rights and interests would be safer if this great mass of intelligent white men were left alone by the general government.” Which of the following is a summary of this quote?

a. Northern politicians need to take greater control of Southern state governments.b. Southern leaders would be more effective if they are left alone by the federal government. c. Southern congressmen should not be allowed back into Congressd. Former Confederate leaders should be universally pardoned by Congress

3. Why did the House of Representatives vote to impeach President Johnson?a. Johnson was not supportive of Radical Republians. b. Johnson refused to provide funds to set up military districts.c. Congress preferred a stronger candidate for president.d. The people had voted to remove Johnson as president.

4. The purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment wasa. To institute a draftb. To raise needed war fundsc. To abolish slavery d. To determine citizenship

Standard 11: The student will describe the growth of big business and technical innovations after Reconstruction.

Terms

Pacific Railway Act – (1862) authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean

Chinese Exclusion Act – excluded Chinese workers from the US for 10 years

Robber barons – group of wealthy businessmen who wanted to eliminate competition and create monopolies

Interstate Commerce Act – (1887)- intended to regulate the movement of goods across state lines by railroads

Questions

1. In what way did railroads and advances in communication affect geographic patterns in the United States?a. They stalled the need for new inventions.b. They assisted in maintaining cultural traditions in an area.c. They changed the physical characteristics of a region.

2. What was the effect of the growth of monopolies?a. They increased competition among similar businesses.b. They reduced the need for government intervention.c. They spread equal wealth among the entire population.d. They reduced the number of small businesses within an industry.

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3. What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?a. To assist robber baronsb. To eliminate government intervention in businessc. To protect trade and the growth of monopoliesd. To eliminate big business monopolies

4. Who invented the electric lightbulb?a. Jay Gouldb. Thomas Edison c. John D. Rockefellerd. Andrew Carnegie

Standard 12: The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.

Terms

Reservations – an area set aside for a specific purpose, such as for the American Indians

Dawes Act – (1887) disbanded the reservation system and provided 160 acre plots of farmland for Native American families, placed the government in charge of Indian land and life

Labor unions – an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing member’s interests

Laissez-Faire – policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy

Standard of living – measure of a person’s overall quality of life

Questions

1. Increased industrialization led toa. A reduction in child laborb. The elimination of the working classc. Improvements in factory work environmentsd. An increase in the number of people working in manufacturing

2. As part of the garment industry, adults and children worked making clothes in small, crowded rooms called sweatshops. Their hours were long. Their pay was little. Often the rooms were dark. What advantage were sweatshops to the textile industry?

a. They eliminated textile factories.b. They kept the cost of production low. c. They employed only women and children.d. They helped families create their own small businesses.

3. Labor unions formed as a way to help workersa. Find better jobsb. Learn more skilled tradesc. Improve their working conditions d. Increase the hours children could work

4. What effect did the discovery of gold in the Black Hills have on the Sioux?a. An improved economyb. Loss of native lands c. Less government interventiond. Expansion of the reservation system

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Standard 13: The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics during the Progressive Era.

Terms

Gilded Age – era in the late 19th century, great deal of wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few industrialists who controlled he railroad industry as well as he production and sale of oil and steel

Progressivism – political movement that crossed party lines which believed industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems and that government should take a more active role.

Referendum – practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the Legislature.

Initiative – right of citizens to place a measure before the voters or legislature for approval

Recall – right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office

Seventeenth Amendment – US Senators elected by popular vote instead of being appointed by state legislatures

Hull House – founded in Chicago, IL in 1899 with the purpose of providing social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood, many of whom were recent immigrants

Muckrakers – journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society

Nineteenth Amendment – gave women the right to vote

Questions

1. In 1906, Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Both laws were in response to industry practiced exposed by

a. Muckrakers b. Political machinesc. Corrupt politiciansd. Company presidents

2. While there were only a hundred public schools in 1860, by 1914 the number of public schools had risen to 12,000. Progressive education included teaching good citizenship and character. Which is the BEST reason for civic education to be a part of a progressive curriculum?

a. Civic education lowers educational costs.b. Good citizenship is essential to good government .c. An informed citizen is less likely to participate in government.d. Civic education gives a greater understanding of the Pendleton Act.

3. The People’s Party was formed by the a. Populists b. Progressivesc. Labor unionsd. muckrakers

4. The Seventeenth Amendment calls for the election of United States senators bya. The people b. State legislatorsc. Only other senatorsd. Registered progressives

Standard 14: The student will explain Americas evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.

Terms

Imperialism – actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over a smaller or weaker nation

Neutrality – a political position of non-interference in the affairs of a foreign country

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Spanish American War – 1898 conflict that resulted in Spain transferring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the US and granting Cuba independence

Roosevelt Corollary – established the US as the controlling political and economic power in the Western Hemisphere

Questions

1. The Spanish-American War was fought toa. Allow Cuba to become part of the U.S.b. Free Cuba from Spanish rule c. Assist Spain in establishing control of the Cuban governmentd. Remove United States military presence in Cuba

2. Late 19th century and early 20th century American imperialism can be explained asa. A desire to profit both politically and economically from involvement in foreign countries b. Working to maintain a balance of political power within the Western Hemispherec. Having little interest in expanding American economic and political influenced. A lack of concern for expanding the military power of the United States

3. 1898 marks the year ofa. The Platt Amendmentb. Corollary to the Monroe Doctrinec. The Spanish-American War d. The opening of the Panama Canal

4. Roosevelt believed American military, economic, and political interests were served bya. Limiting contact with Cubab. Restricting foreign policy to trade with Europec. Building of the Panama Canal d. Encouraging French and Spanish influence in Latin America

Standard 15: The student will analyze the origins of and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I.

Terms

Central powers – Included German Empire and Austria-Hungary; they were defeated by the Allied Powers in WWI

Selective Service – 1917 – established the Selective Service, with the mandate of organizing the military draft

Espionage Act – 1917 – provided stiff penalties for spying or interfering with army recruitment

Socialists – individuals who believe in equal distribution of wealth and ownership by the state

Great Migration – movement of African Americans from the south to the north to take factory jobs during WWI

Armistice – temporary agreement to end fighting

Fourteen Points – President Woodrow Wilson’s international peace plan which became the terms for German surrender ending WWI and the establishment of the League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles – treaty officially ending WWI between the Allied Powers and Germany

League of Nations - international peacekeeping body formed following WWI

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Questions

1. Which of the following created the spark that started World War I?a. European alliancesb. American Imperialismc. The growth of military powerd. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

2. The Great Migration refers toa. The movement of thousands of African Americans north in search of employment b. The movement of troops across Francec. The movement of troops across the Atlantic as the United States entered the ward. The movement of thousands of refugees fleeing the destruction of war

3. Among the president’s Fourteen Points was a proposal toa. Disarm all major powersb. Form a League of Nations c. Create an alliance with Germanyd. Make Great Britain repay its war debts

4. One result of World War I wasa. The creation of new countries b. An expansion of German coloniesc. A move toward democracy in Russiad. An alliance between Germany and France

Standard 16: The student will identify key developments in the aftermath of World War I.

Terms

Roaring Twenties – term describing the music, fashion and changing social attitudes of the 1920s

Harlem Renaissance – relating to a period (1920s) when the literary work of African Americans particularly flourished in American culture

Anarchists – person who believes there should be no government

Red Scare – idea in US after WWII that communists were trying to take control of the US

National Origins Act of 1924 – restricted immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe in favor of immigration from Western Europe, barred immigration from the Far East

Questions

1. Which BEST defines the Harlem Renaissancea. A time of great racial tension exemplified by race riots in New Yorkb. A time of high interest in southern African American culturec. A concentrated time of African American achievement in literature an music d. The renovation of turn of the century buildings in Harlem

2. Why was the National Origins Act of 1924 passed?a. To provide a database for immigrantsb. To promote immigration for all parts of the worldc. To create a means of tracking immigrants from Europed. To limit immigration from southern and eastern Europe

3. Which phrase describes the 1920s?a. Spirited and uncertain b. Prosperous and securec. Stable and traditionald. Trusting and patriotic

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4. Why were the 1920s called the Roaring Twenties?a. Americans wanted to intervene in European politicsb. Many immigrants entered the United States eager to find jobsc. Congress passed many pro-immigration bills.d. There was much lifestyle change.

Standard 17: The student will analyze the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.

Terms

Stock - money or capital invested or available for investment or trading

Stock market crash – beginning of a US recession that became the Great Depression by 1932

Dust bowl – name given to the area of the southern Great Plains severely damaged by droughts and dust storms during the 1930s

Hoovervilles – nickname given to shantytowns in the US during the Depression

Questions

1. The Great Depression was caused bya. The stock market crash of 1929b. An overproduction of farm productsc. Poor regulation of the banking industryd. A combination of several economic factors

2. Which does NOT characterize the Great Depression?a. Farm foreclosures and price controlsb. An effort by government to economically intervene in the lives of Americansc. An improved gross national product and consumer prices d. Limited schooling and malnutrition among children

3. Which BEST describes the economic situation in America in 1930?a. Several banks had closed. b. Farms prices were on the rise.c. People had plenty of money to buy food.d. Jobs were plentiful in California.

4. What caused the Dust Bowl?a. Farm foreclosureb. Overfarming and drought c. Urban unemploymentd. Lack of government intervention

Standard 18: The student will describe Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the Depression and compare the ways governmental programs aided those in need.

Terms

Civilian Conservation Corps – New Deal program for single unemployed men between the ages of 18 and 25 to build and maintain state and national parks and forests

Tennessee Valley Authority – New Deal program to provide federally owned electricity to local entities and to oversee flood control navaigation and related aspects of national defense

Social Security – payroll funded retirement and disability benefits for all Americans

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Works Progress Administration – largest New Deal program that built buildings, bridges and roads, included the Golden Gate Bridge

Questions

1. What was the New Deal?a. A regulation agreement between banksb. A plan to prevent stocks from losing valuec. An agreement between Hoover and Rooseveltd. A series of programs aimed at economic reform

2. All of the following situations provide examples of the effects of New Deal programs EXCEPTa. A need being created for more workersb. The construction of public works like dams and bridgesc. People moving from the Midwest to California d. Farmers receiving government subsidies

3. Why did President Roosevelt want to “pack the court”?a. To allow justices to hear cases on a rotating basisb. To keep New Deal programs from the United States Supreme Courtc. To appoint justices who would rule favorably on New Deal programs d. To have a greater understanding of the economic benefits of the New Deal

4. Why did Congress pass the Neutrality Acts?a. To declare warb. To support Japanc. To punish Europed. To isolate itself

Standard 19: The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.

Terms

Allies – WWII alliance between Great Britain, USA, France, China, USSR, and several other European nations in an effort to defeat the Axis powers

Lend-lease Act – 1941 allowed supplies to be loaned or traded to Allied nations during WWII

Axis powers – alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan against the allied nations in WWII

Yalta Conference – (Feb. 1945) meeting between US, USSR, British leaders, discussed Germany’s defeat and occupation, as well as post war assistance to German people, Stalin agreed to assist the war on Japan after German surrender

Potsdam Conference – (July and Aug 1945) US, USSR, British leaders discussed European peace settlements, the division of Germany, Poland’s boundaries, USSR role in Europe and how to proceed in Japan

Operation Overlord – code name for the D-Day invasion, June 6, 1944

Manhattan Project – secret WWII project to harness atomic power; resulted in atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan

Japanese Relocation Order – Executive order 9906, directed Secretary of War to establish military districts which could intern people deemed to be a risk to national security

Internment camps – to place within camps without free access to the outside

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Questions

1. In 1944, journalist Ernie Pyle wrote, “It seems to me a miracle that we ever took the beach at all.” What can you infer about D-Day from this statement?

a. There were not enough soldiers and machines to go to warb. It was a long, bloody, and very difficult battle c. The United States was unpreparedd. The beach terrain was difficult

2. What was the result of the attack on Pearl Harbor?a. An American declaration of war on Japan b. The complete destruction of the United States Navyc. Renewed efforts in Europe to rid the region of Hitler’s dominanced. Continued isolationism and a belief that American soldiers should stay state-side

3. Why did the federal government encourage American citizens to buy war bonds?a. To help finance the war b. To ration food and other goodsc. To improve the banking industryd. To ensure wage increases in industry

4. Which word describes the homefront during World War II?a. Easyb. Selfishc. Sacrifice d. uncooperative

Standard 20: The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the United States.

Terms

Iron curtain – political and military barrier that isolated Soviet controlled countries of Eastern Europe after WWII

Containment – policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile power

Truman Doctrine – policy of containment initiated during the Truman presidency

Marshall Plan – post WWII plan to infuse funds in Europe to rebuild the infrastructure and bring vital supplies to European countries while building the economy of the US through trade

Berlin Airlift – the supply of food and necessities to West Berlin by Britain and US military air transport during the blockade

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – established in 1949 as a military alliance among democratic nations

Cold War – ideological and often confrontational conflict between the US and USSR between 1946 and 1990

McCarthyism – mid 1900s political approach initiated by Joseph McCarthy, characterized by the use of unsubstantiated charges used to defame the people he accused of being communists

Sputnik – series of Earth orbiting spacecraft whose launching by the USSR started the space age

Space race – refers to the Cold War competition over dominance of space exploration capability

Bay of Pigs – failed 1961 US assisted invasion of Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis – confrontation between the US and USSR over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962

Tet Offensive – Jan 1968 – intense military offense by North Vietnam; turning point in the Vietnam War as public opinion in support of the war began to change

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Questions

1. The policy of containment was introduced as America’s foreign policy with thea. The Tet Offensive c. the Berlin Airliftb. The Truman Doctine d. The Marshall Plan

2. The domino theory held that if one country in a region fell to communism, others would soon follow. The Domino theory was a factor ina. The Vietnam War c. The Berlin Blockadeb. The Warsaw Pact d. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

3. What was the focus of McCarthyism?a. A presidential bidb. Campaign finance reformc. A political movement promoting liberalismd. Rooting out communism in the United States

4. The decline in public support for the Vietnam War included all of the following EXCEPTa. Scenes of the carnage was shown on televisionb. The space race c. The death of American soldiersd. Protests calling for an end to the war

Standard 21: The student will explain economic growth and its impact on the United States – 1945 – 1970.

Terms

GI Bill of 1944 – (Servicemens Readjustment Act) allowed for expanded educational opportunities for Veterans

Questions

1. Why was the 1947 suburban development Levittown of importance?a. Levitt was a well-known developer.b. Other suburban developments had failed.c. It signified a trend in American society. d. It was the only suburban development for years.

2. The 1956 National Interstate and Defense Highway Act reads in part, “It is hereby declared to be essential to the national interest...” What was an important concern of this legislation?

a. To enhance rural lifeb. To add to the economy of the citiesc. To provide good roads for suburban livingd. To create a system of roads for the efficient transport of military troops

3. In 1950, approximately 4 million homes had a television. By 1960, televisions could be found in 45 million homes. What does this indicate?

a. An increase in prosperity b. A distaste for modern technologyc. A rise in the use of the automobiled. A downward trend in the entertainment industry

4. What had a major impact on the outcome of the 1960 Kennedy-Nixon debates?a. Political platformsb. Radioc. Computersd. television

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Standard 22: The student will identify dimensions of the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1970

Terms

Executive Order 9981 – order by Truman in 1948 to desegregate the armed forces

Brown v. The Board of Education – 1954, racial segregation in schools was a violation of the 14th amendment

Civil Rights movement – post WWII social and political movement culminating in federal legislation ensuring equal rights for African Americans

Civil Rights Act of 1964 – landmark civil rights legislation that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin

Voting Rights Act of 1965 – outlawing literacy tests and other state means to disenfranchise voters; provided for federal voter registration

Civil Disobedience – citizen protest against the actions of government

Questions

1. Why is Rosa Parks referred to as the “mother of the civil rights movement”?a. She was married to a civil rights protester.b. She was the first woman to protest discrimination.c. She worked as a civil rights activist in the 1970s.d. She helped to change segregation practices in America’s cities.

2. In 1964, Martin Luther King, Jr. stated, “We must all learn to live together as brothers or we will all perish as fools.” King was referring to the state of

a. Race relations in the United States b. The elimination of poll taxesc. The 1963 March on Washingtond. Literacy tests used in voter registration

3. What was the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?a. It created a federal board to oversee voter registration.b. It eliminated literacy tests as a requisite for votingc. It ended legalized segregation d. It allowed southern states to restrict voting privileges

4. Brown v. Board of Education had the most immediate effect ona. Segregation of schools b. Jim Crow Laws in Alabamac. Integration of the militaryd. Separation of races in restaurants

Standard 23: The student will describe and assess the impact of political developments between 1945 and 1970.

Terms

Judicial review – power of the Supreme Court to determine whether laws of Congress are constitutional and to strike down those that are not

Due Process – a judicial requirement that laws may not treat individuals unfairly, arbitrarily or unreasonably, and that courts must follow proper procedures and rules when trying cases

Great Society – LBJs plan to create programs such as food stamps and school lunches, to improve the lives of low-income Americans

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Questions

1. Judicial review refers toa. The power of the courts to determine if a law abides by the Constitution b. The time it takes the legislative branch to compare a bill to existing lawsc. The ability of courts to create and compare lawsd. The right of the courts to review a bill before it becomes law

2. Newspapers and television reports brought news of antiwar civil disobedience and nonviolent protests into the homes of Americans. Use of the media in the late 1960s

a. Decreased the number of antiwar protestsb. Solely ended American involvement in the war in Vietnamc. Caused all Americans to be against the war in Vietnamd. Created an awareness of the extent of social and political turmoil

3. What civil right was upheld in the Gideon v. Wainwright decision?a. The right to a warrant before the search or seizure of propertyb. The right of an individual to petition the governmentc. The right to an attorney, even if one cannot afford to pay attorney fees d. The right to punishment that is not cruel or unusual

4. Which president proposed social programs collectively called the Great Society?a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. John F. Kennedyc. Lyndon B. Johnson d. Richard M. Nixon

Standard 24: The student will analyze the impact of social change movements and organizations of the 1960s.

Terms

Anarchy – absence of government

Women’s liberation movement – social and political movement calling for equal rights for women

Feminism – the idea that men and women should be equal; politically, economically, and socially

National Organization for Women (NOW) – women’s rights organization cofounded by Betty Friedan in 1966; advocates the political, social and economic equality of women in various ways

Questions

1. Mary Beth Tinker was suspended from school for wearing a black armband as a way to protest the Vietnam War. She was engaging ina. Civil disobedience b. Judicial reviewc. Civic participationd. Illegal activity

2. What impact did Rachel Carlson have?a. She united farm workersb. She created an awareness of environmental problems c. She spoke out against civil disobedienced. She advanced ratification of the Twenty-fourth Amendment

3. The bombing of Sterling Hall on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus wasa. Not reported by the mediab. A violent act of civil disobedience c. An unplanned consequence of a nonviolent protestd. Condoned by most as an acceptable form of protest

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4. What did the election of Richard Nixon signal?a. A new conservative movement b. Support of demonstrationc. Growing sectionalismd. An end to Vietnam War protests

Standard 25: The student will describe changes in national politics since 1968.

Terms

Twenty-sixth Amendment – 1971- lowered voting age to 18

Détente – policy which attempts to relax or ease of tensions between nations

Decriminalized – to remove criminal penalties for an action

Affirmative Action – an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for minorities

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – trade agreement among Canada, the US and Mexico that eliminates tariffs

Terrorism – the use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies

Question

1. What can be said about the presidential administrations of the second half of the 20th century?a. They were very similar in foreign policy.b. The approached domestic problems in a uniform way.c. They worked together to establish economic policy.d. The reacted to foreign and domestic issues.

2. All of the following provide examples of the Cold War détente except thata. Tensions between the U.S. and Soviets decreasedb. Trade increased between the Soviet Union and the U.S.c. The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred d. Peaceful relations between Communist and democratic countries existed