Illnesses and treatments

A Health and illness

B Useful expressions

• Para expresar dolor físico, podemos usar las siguientes construcciones: My xxx hurts. I’ve got a sore xxx.• Solo utilizamos la palabra ache con determinadas partes del cuerpo, por ejemplo:

stomach ache, headache, toothache, backache.• Normalmente usamos los posesivos (no “the”) con las partes del cuerpo: I’ve cut my hand,

I’ve broken my leg. (Sin embargo decimos I’ve got a broken leg, She’s got a small nose.)

I don’t feel well. I feel stressed and unhealthy.

You might have depression. You

should take some vitamins and do more exercise.

I can’t sleep. I think I suffer from

insomnia.

Have you tried alternative medicine?

I’ve got a really high temperature and I

can’t stop sneezing.

What’s wrong?

It’s not a cold. You probably have the flu.

Take some aspirins and go to bed.

I feel terrible.

I have a toothache

as well.

Yes, you do. Here’s a

prescription for some antibiotics

and some painkillers.

You should make an

appointment with your dentist.

My ear really hurts. I think

I have an infection.

Do lots of exercise.

I’ve broken my leg / I’ve got a

broken leg.

I’ve got an infection. I’ve cut my

hand.

I’ve sprained my wrist /

ankle. / I’ve got a sprained wrist / ankle.

Get eight hours of sleep.

Don’t smoke.

doctor’s surgery

health centre

waiting room

Don’t work too hard.

I suffer from insomnia.

I’ve got a headache. My head / shoulder hurts.

I’ve got a pain in my back / knee /

chest / neck.

I’ve got a sore throat /

stomach.

Healthy habits

Plac

es

Take an aspirin / some painkillers. You don’t need a prescription.

Take a sleeping pill

Take some antibiotics

Take some vitamins

Eat healthily. Don’t eat fatty

foods.

emergency room

operating theatre

Put your arm in a sling / in plaster.

HEALTH &

ILLNESS

I’m depressed / stressed.

Put on a bandage.

Injuries and treatments

Illn

esse

s an

d

trea

tmen

ts

hospital

Stay in bed and drink plenty of

liquids.

I’ve got a cough / a temperature.

Obligation: must have to Necessity: need to

A must• Usamos must para expresar obligación. I have a high temperature and I’m feeling

sick. –You must go to the doctor right now.

Must they leave now? –Yes, they must.

• Must es un modal verb, como can, may y should:

- tiene la misma forma para todas las personas.

- va seguido del infinitivo sin to. - en preguntas, se coloca delante del sujeto.

B have to

• También podemos usar have to cuando queremos expresar obligación. Do I have to take this medicine? It’s disgusting!

–Yes, you do. You have to take it three times a day. Sandra has to get up at 7:00 a.m. every day.

• Para hacer preguntas con have to usamos do / does. Does George have to stay in bed? –Yes, he does.

Do we have to eat healthy food? –Yes, you do.• En frases afirmativas y en preguntas podemos usar have

to o must, pero en preguntas no se suele usar Must I...? Con I, solemos utilizar Do I have to...? Do I have to come home early tonight? It’s John’s birthday party.

C need to

• Usamos need to cuando hablamos de una acción que es necesaria. My car is giving me problems again. I need to take it to the mechanic. My daughter is very tired. She really needs to sleep.

Excuse me, I have to leave the table. Luke

needs to go to the bathroom.

• Fíjate que usamos do / does cuando hacemos preguntas con need to. Does the baby need to eat? She looks hungry. Do you need to use the phone?• Have to y need to pueden usarse en muchos casos para expresar la misma idea. I’ve got terrible toothache. I need to / have to go to the dentist.

AFFIRMATIVE QUESTIONS

Must (obligación)

You’ve got a broken leg. You must go to hospital.John must go to bed early tonight. He’s got an exam tomorrow.

Must we stay at home this evening? There’s a good concert at the Odeon.Must Haley leave now? She’s having a really good time.

Have to (obligación)

Taylor has to wear glasses when she drives.I have to work on Saturdays.

Do you have to travel a lot in your job?Does Joey have to take his passport when he goes to France?

Need to (necesidad)

I’m feeling really unfit these days. I need to do more exercise.Kate needs to study if she wants to pass her exams.

Do we need to go to the supermarket today?Does Liz need to buy a new dress for the wedding?

* Mustn’t / must not expresan prohibición. Don’t have to / doesn’t have to y don’t need to / doesn’t need to expresan falta de obligación.

Yes, son, you have to.

Do I have to jump?

Exercises

1 Completa las frases a-f con las expresiones del recuadro. Después, une las frases 1-6 con a-f.

broken a sore stomach got a pain temperature cut his she’s sprained fatty in plaster

1 Poor John! He’s not feeling well. ..... a David has …………. arm.2 Molly had an accident yesterday. ..... b I think …………. her ankle.3 Paul’s probably got the flu. ..... c My ear hurts and I’ve …………. in my neck.4 Doctor, I’m feeling terrible. ..... d He says he’s got a high …………. .5 You’d better take Julie to the hospital. e She’s got a …………. arm. They’ve put it …………. . She can’t walk. ..... f He’s got …………. . I think he eats too much 6 There’s blood everywhere. ..... …………. food.

2 Utilizando los verbos del recuadro, escribe lo que dicen los personajes. Puede haber más de una respuesta posible.

have got hurt twist sprain break

Example: I’ve got a headache. / My head hurts. 4 ………………………………………….........….

1………………………………………….........…. 5 ………………………………………….........….

2 ………………………………………….........…. 6 ………………………………………….........….

3 ………………………………………….........…. 7 ………………………………………….........….

3 Rellena los huecos con las palabras del recuadro y relaciona las preguntas con sus respuestas.

appointment cut healthy feel hard have got a painkillers sleeping pills put on room suffer from do

What should you do if you…?

1 …….............. insomnia? ..... a Take some ….. and make an ….. with the dentist.

2 …….............. toothache? ..... b ….. a bandage and go to the emergency …… .

3 …….............. stressed? ..... c A doctor will give you a prescription for some ……. .

4 …….............. your finger? ..... d ….. lots of exercise, eat …… food and don’t work too ……. .

4 Lee las notas del doctor y escribe los diálogos.

Patient: ………………………………………… Patient: .........................................................Doctor: ………………………………………… Doctor: .........................................................Patient: ………………………………………... Patient: .........................................................Doctor: ………………………………………… Doctor: .........................................................

What’s the matter?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SYMPTOMS: feels terrible – a temperature - sore throatDIAGNOSIS: an infectionTREATMENT: prescription: antibiotics; bed & liquids

SYMPTOMS: doesn’t feel well – sore stomach / headache - can’t sleepDIAGNOSIS: stressedTREATMENT: don’t work so hard

Exercises

1 Completa las frases con la forma adecuada de must o have to y uno de los verbos del recuadro. Utiliza tanto must como have to en las frases donde ambos sean posibles.

1 Their latest album is fantastic. You ………………………. it. 2 ‘Paul’s in hospital.’ – ‘I hate hospitals. ………………………. and see him?’ 3 Will’s got problems at school. We ………………………. his tutor.4 Jill ………………. this article. It can give her interesting ideas for her presentation.5 The Arctic Monkeys are playing here next month. We ………………. some tickets!6 The children are going to France next week. ………………………. their passports?

2 Relaciona las expresiones con las situaciones y escribe frases con have to.

get a new one wash it change your glasses make dinner for the children buy her a present help her with her revision go to the dentist

Example: Sorry we can’t go out tonight. We have to make dinner for the children.1 Katie’s got an exam tomorrow. ..............................................................................................................2 Bill’s got terrible toothache. ...................................................................................................................3 It’s Jen’s birthday today. .........................................................................................................................4 I lost my passport last week. ..................................................................................................................5 Their car is really dirty. ...........................................................................................................................6 You can’t see anything. ..........................................................................................................................

3 Escribe preguntas usando have to o need to con I o we y combinando los verbos y complementos de los recuadros.

fasten pay speak taketake take off work

a fine antibiotics English in class my passport our seatbelts our shoes this afternoon

Example: Do we have to / Do we need to take off our shoes? 1 …..................................................................... 4 ….....................................................................2 …..................................................................... 5 ….....................................................................3 …..................................................................... 6 ….....................................................................

4 Magda quiere reunirse con sus amigos, pero están ocupados. Escribe lo que tienen que hacer usando must, have to o need to y estos verbos.

buy fix help choose make study pay take

5 Cada una de estas frases tiene un error. Subráyalo y corrige.

Example: You must to stay in bed when you have a temperature. must stay

1 Do they must take off their shoes before they come in? 2 Jane lives outside the city so she have take a train daily.3 Have you to carry your ID card always? 4 I can’t come out – I need finish my homework.5 We don’t have any tickets – need we get to the cinema early?

takegolisten toreadtalk toget

Jane Ellie AndrewEthan

Colin Jess and Matt JanineGwen

Example: Jane needs to buy some shoes.1 Ethan ......................................................2 Ellie …..…................................................3 Andrew ................................................... 4 Colin ....................................................... 5 Gwen ……......……………..………………6 Jess and Matt ………...….………………7 Janine ……………………………….....….

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2

6

3

7

Answer Key

VOCABULARY GRAMMAR

Illnesses and treatments

Exercise 11 f) He’s got a sore stomach. I think he eats too

much fatty food. 2 e) She’s got a broken arm. They’ve put it in

plaster. 3 d) He says he’s got a high temperature. 4 c) My ear hurts and I’ve got a pain in my neck 5 b) I think she’s sprained her ankle 6 a) David has cut his arm

Exercise 21 I’ve got a stomach ache / my stomach hurts 2 I’ve got a cough 3 I’ve got a pain in my back / my back hurts / I’ve

got backache 4 I’ve got a sore throat / my throat hurts 5 I’ve got a broken leg / I’ve broken my leg 6 I’ve got a toothache / my tooth hurts 7 I’ve twisted / sprained my ankle

Exercise 31 suffer from c) sleeping pills 2 have got a a) painkillers, appointment 3 feel d) Do, healthy, hard 4 cut b) Put on, room

Exercise 41 P: I feel terrible.

D: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? P: I’ve got a temperature and a sore throat. D: You’ve got an infection. Take some / these

antibiotics, stay in bed and drink liquids. 2 P: I don’t feel well.

D: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? P: I’ve got a sore stomach / a headache and I can’t sleep. D: You are stressed. Don’t work so hard.

Obligation: must have to Necessity: need to

Exercise 11 must listen to / have to listen to 2 Do I have to go z 3 must talk to / have to talk to 4 must read / has to read 5 must get / have to get 6 Do they have to take

Exercise 21 I have to help her with her revision. 2 He has to go to the dentist. 3 I have to buy her a present. 4 I have to get a new one. 5 They have to wash it. 6 You have to change your glasses.

Exercise 31 Do we have to / Do we need to fasten our

seatbelts? 2 Do I have to pay a fine? [*]3 Do I / we have to / Do I / we need to speak

English in class? [*]4 Do I have to / Do I need to take my passport? 5 Do I have to / Do I need to take antibiotics?6 Do I have to work this afternoon? [*][*] ‘need to’ también es posible, pero es más

natural con ‘have to’, por la situación; con ‘have to’ se enfatiza la idea de obligación, y con ‘need to’ la de necesidad.

Exercise 41 Ethan has to / must help in the garden. [*]2 Ellie has to / needs to / must study. 3 Andrew needs to / has to / must fix his bicycle. 4 Colin has to / must / take the dog for a walk. [*]5 Gwen has to / needs to / must make a cake. 6 Jess and Matt have to / need to / must choose a

name for their baby.7 Janine has to / must pay for the broken cup [*][*] ‘need to’ sería menos natural.

Exercise 51 Do they must take off their shoes before they

come in? have to2 Jane lives outside the city so she have take a

train daily. has to3 Have you to carry your ID card always? Do

you have 4 I can’t come out – I need finish my homework.

need to5 We don’t have any tickets - need we get to the

cinema early? Do we need to