Illigal Dumping in Africa

7/31/2019 Illigal Dumping in Africa

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Topics

I. Introduction: Africa a necropolis for illegal waste

II. Why Africa?(1) Historical Wounds and neocolonialism(2) Role of the Authorities

(3) Economic Pressure

(4) Wars and other Socio-economical and Political Upheavals

III. Waste IDs, Sources, and Eventual Destination: The Somali/IvoryCoast Scandal (examples)

IV. Impact of Illegal dumping:a) Environmental impact: Wildlife Depletion

b) Social Impact: Diseases, air, water, and soil Depletion.c) Economical Impact: Depletion of key natural resources (beaches)

V. Laws and Regulations: The Bamako convention (Mali)

VI. Analysis and Conclusions: No charity for the costofillegaldumpinginAfrica(no superfund project).


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Geographical Overview

Fig.A. Geographical Map of Africa http://www.afriprov.org/maps/africa.htm


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Introduction

Africa- a necropolis for the toxicwaste produced in theindustrialized countries;

Outcome:Africa a disease environment

Africalacks enough food anddrinking water supplies

Desertification - Africa isbecoming inhospitable forhumans, plants, and animals.

Can we find the true cause ofthese problems?

Illegal waste disposal causeshuman suffering

Fig.1

Fig.1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm

http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.html

Fig1. Route of the ship Probo Koala


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WhyAfrica?

Susceptibility from the Colonial Era and the period during theAtlantic Trade.

Instability in Africa makes it a save heaven for illegal activities.

Disputes over the continents wealth can be blamed for many of

the scandals in todays sovereign Africa, including illegal dumping.

Africas reliance on foreign aid makes it a target for illegal trade.

Cost: $250 per gallon in the US and in EEUU but only $2.50 in

Africa.

Internal Divisions vs. Foreign Policy.


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Waste IDs, Sources, and Eventual Destination

Primarily nuclear waste fromthe US and Europe.

Pesticides and chemicals usedin the food productionindustries.

23,000 metric tonnes of graymarket electronic waste fromBritain in 2003 ended in South-East Asia, India, Africa and china.

In the US 50-80 percent of theelectronic waste collected for

recycling is being exported todeveloping countries.

Fig.2. A team on the scene analyzing the toxicwaste.allAfrica.com: Africa: waste Headed for Third World Bin

http://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoast


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Waste is buried on the beach,dump into the sea, rivers,lakes, and in metropolitanareas.

Countries in the East(Somalia) and West Africa(Ivory Coast) are the mostaffected.

Power and profit deals governthis business. No concernabout the environment/peopleat all. Fig.3. Manchester. Arsenal won 1-0. Illegal dumping

can be seen as a soccer match final. There is alwaysa winner and a looser.



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Fig.4. A resident area in Ivory Coast used as a dumping side

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm


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Somali/Ivory Coast Scandal

Between Aug. 19-22 over 500tons of waste were dumped in18 different locations aroundthe city in Ivory Coast.

Main chemicals found in thehazardous waste were hydrogen

sulfide, mercaptans, phenols andhydrocarbons.

Eight death and over 75.000people sought medicaltreatment from poisoning.

Fig.5-6. The ship Probo Koala chartered by theHolland-based oil trading firm Trafigura LeEurope Intoxique LAfrique.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.html


http://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpi...


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Fig.7-8. Victims suffered from acute respiratory infections,

dry heavy coughing and mouth bleeding, abdominalhemorrhages, unusual skin chemical reactions and suddendeath after inhaling toxic materials.



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http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/world/africa/02ivory.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

Fig.10. Six-month-old Salam Oudrawogol of Abidjan,Ivory Coast, has been covered with sores since he

was exposed to toxic waste in August.

Fig.1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm

Fig.9. Many residents have been forced to goto the hospital for treatment.


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Political crisis and instabilityin Ivory Coast exacerbatedover these allegations.

Entire government bodydismissed from post.

Brutal classes betweengovernment officials and theresidents.

Refugee crises emerged asthe people runaway from thisdeadly odor.

Fig11. Here, French minister Brigitte Girardin stands

before a tanker truck seized as part of theinvestigation.



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Somali/Ivory Scandal

Fig.12-13. Ivory Coast residents took to thestreets of the capital Abidjan to demonstrate overthe poisonous sludge dumped in the lagoonssurrounding the city.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm



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Fig.14. The city borders a large lagoon, now poisoned by the toxic oil sludge.



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Paleo-technology: Humor Science

Scientists elsewhere arecurrently debating whetherthe Cavemenmade wirelesselectricity available for all theinhabitants living in theAtlantis Cityback in the StoneAge. Talin.

We are going wireless. Willpower also become wireless inthe future?

Just wondering if anyone has

ever comes up with thisfascinating idea in our lifespan!!!

Fig.B. Walking with Cavemen Contents

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/tv_radio/wwcavemen


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December 26 Earthquake and Tsunami uncovered a new secret in

Somalia.

The tsunami had exposed large tanks in the sediment off the country's flatcoast and pushed them ashore.

The local population became exposed to radioactive waste,uranium waste, lead, cadmiun, mercury, industrial, hospital,chemical, leather treatment and other toxic waste from Europe.

Enterprises from Italy had a great responsibility in respect ofwhat is occurring in Somalia.

Waste trafficking fuels the instability in Somalia. The warlordsreceived large sums in exchange for authorization to bury toxic waste alongthe Somali coast.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842-2,00.html

Afrol News Chemical, nuclear alarm in Somalia after tsunami


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Fig.15-17. The Days After the Tsunami

http://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdf#search=%22illegal%20waste%20in%20africa%2C%20pictures%22


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Impact of Illegal Dumping

Environmental impact: Wildlife depletion Soil and water contamination

Political impact:Illegal waste might have a pronounced impacts on the domestic and foreignaffairs.

Socio-economical Impact: Widespread of lung related diseases Female infertility, child deformation, and high rate of infant mortality. Diarrhea and other water born diseases.Destruction of key natural resources (beaches),

Not only will the inhabitants of today see their health compromisedby this, but they will also suffer from the damaging effects onfundamental activities such as fishing and agriculture and this will create anirreversible series of damages to future generations.

Afrol News Chemical, nuclear alarm in Somalia after tsunami


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Laws and Regulations: The Bamako Convention

The import of hazardous wastesinto the continent of Africa fromoutside the Continent isprohibited.http://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.html

The Basel Convention (1989)forbids all forms of hazardouswaste export from the mostindustrialized countries todeveloping countries.

Fig 18. A Historical Monument in Bamako, Mali.

allAfrica.com: Africa: Waste Headed for a Third World Bin

http://www.africa.upenn.edu/About_African/ww_art.html
http://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.html


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Analysis and conclusions

The big guys should stopimporting weapons, toxic waste,and other harmful chemicals toAfrica if we expect to see a muchbetter image coming out of themotherland. - Talin

Unfortunately, Africa may belacking of a strict defineddemocracy and of many of theadvantages enjoyed in theindustrialized nations. Never less,Africa is champion in hospitality.

- Talin


Fig.20. Accra, Ghana, the center of the WesternAfrican Art and culture. An icon of strength andStability in Africa. Secured and peacefully reconstructed.


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Work Cited

Talinis my epithet after my father, Botala Siboko, DTalin, who is now resting in peace.

Slide#3 (Fig.A)http://www.afriprov.org/maps/africa.htm

Slide#4 (Fig.1):http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.html

Slide#6 (Fig.2):allAfrica.com: Africa: waste Headed for Third World Binhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoast

Slide#7 (Fig.3):


Slide#8 (Fig4):http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm

Slide#9 (Fig.5-6):http://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpi...http://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.html

Slide#10 (Fig.7-8):http://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoast

Slide#11 (Fig.9-10):http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/world/africa/02ivory.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

Slide#12 (Fig.11):http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.html
http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stmhttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/world/africa/02ivory.html?_r=1&oref=sloginhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/world/africa/02ivory.html?_r=1&oref=sloginhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2006/09/29/ivory-coast-toxic-dumpihttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stmhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,grossbild-703439-437842,00.html


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Work Cited

Slide#13 (Fig.12-13):http://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stm

Slide#14 (Fig. 14):http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.html

Slide#15 (Fig.B):http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/tv_radio/wwcavemen

Slide#16:http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842-2,00.htmlAfrol News Chemical, nuclear alarm in Somalia after tsunami

Slide#17 (Fig.15-17):http://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdf#search=%22illegal%20waste%20in%2

0africa%2C%20pictures%22

Slide#18:Afrol News Chemical, nuclear alarm in Somalia after tsunami

Slide#19 (Fig.18):http://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlallAfrica.com: Africa: Waste Headed for a Third World Bin


Slide#20(Fig.19)http://es.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=slv1-msgr&p=darfur%20photos

Slide#21 (Fig.20):http://www.africa.upenn.edu/About_African/ww_art.html
http://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoasthttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stmhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842-2,00.htmlhttp://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdfhttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://es.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=slv1-msgr&p=darfur%20photoshttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://es.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=slv1-msgr&p=darfur%20photoshttp://es.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=slv1-msgr&p=darfur%20photoshttp://es.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=slv1-msgr&p=darfur%20photoshttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://www.ban.org/Library/bamako_treaty.htmlhttp://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.pdfhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842-2,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842-2,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842-2,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,437842,00.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/5322760.stmhttp://news.yahoo.com/photos/ss/events/wl/060205ivorycoast

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Illigal Dumping in Africa