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Sylvain Labbé, Canada Wood2011
Canada Wood Group
Illegal loggingLegislative impacts
2
Summary
Canadian perspective
Forest and governance
Certification
Illegal logging and trade regulation
Illegal logging and due diligence regulations.
Context
Impacts: Trade, ecosystems and climate change
Role of Forest and wood in a green economy
3
Canada: A large Forested Landscape
851
565
402
302
30 22 10 20
200
400
600
800
1000
Russia Brazil CANADA US Sweden Finland Germany United
Kingdom
4
Forest Management Planning and Governance in Canada
Federal government has indirect responsibilities
• Federal lands• National Science• Policy and legislation• International agreements
Provincial governments have main jurisdiction over forest management
• Long term tenures • Comprehensive legislation, compliance and enforcement• 20-25 year forest management plans• Rolling 5-year development plans• Annual operational plans• Public review
4
5
Legislative Supervision and Proof of Legality
Each jurisdiction has adopted legislation outlining sustainable forest management criteria and a number of checks and controls to ensure that timber is harvested legally.
Proof of legality may come in various forms, and involve a combination of permits, acts and regulations and enforcement systems.
All provinces and territories have programs to inspect and report on forest access, harvest, renewal and maintenance activities.
Forestry operations in Canada are also bound by national legislations (e.g., the Forestry Act, Species at Risk Act, the Fisheries Act, the Plant Protection Act, and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act) and international agreements (e.g., Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)).
Canadian regulation regarding illegal timber trade (WAPPRIITA)
6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
millio
ns o
f h
ecta
res c
ert
ifie
dSFM Certification in Canada 1999-2010
CSA
SFI
FSC
0.45
17
28
120
86
12463
41 **
50
2010 Year-end
** Includes areas certified to draft standard for Great Lakes-St. Lawrence, Laurentian Region.
138
146
Sources: www.certificationcanada.org as of Dec31/10
www.fsccanada.org as of Dec31/10
www.pefc.org as of Dec31/10
www.sfiprogram.org
150*
* Double counting of areas certified to more than one standard has been removed from this figure.
143
58
7
150
47
2321
18
118 7 7 5 4 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
CANADA USA Russia Finland Sweden Australia Germany Brazil Poland France Malaysia Chile
millio
ns
of
he
cta
res
ce
rtif
ied
Canadian Certification in the Global Context
2010 Year-end
Sources: www.certificationcanada.org as of Dec31/10
www.fsc.org as of Dec31/10
www.pefc.org as of Dec31/10
8
134.2 **
229.7
40.6
112.7
0
50
100
150
200
250
FSC PEFC
mill
ions o
f hecta
res c
ert
ififed
Canada's Contribution to Worldwide FSC and PEFC Certifications2010 Year-end
Worldwide Canada
Sources: www.certificationcanada.org as of Dec31/10
www.fsc.org as of Dec31/10www.pefc.org as of Dec31/10
** Includes interim (generic) standards
**
9
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Chain of Custody Certification in Canada
2010 Year-end
SFI
PEFC
FSC
Sources: www.fsccanada.org
www.pefc.org
www.sfiprogram.org
99
218
11
*
* The CSA program uses the PEFC international chain of
custody standard
Nu
mb
er o
f certi
ficate
s
10
Sustainability : Fashion or Trend?
Basis: Survey of consumer perceptions in
the European Paper Industry
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Illegal logging regulations in a green economy
The economy of today?
12
The economy of the future
13
Context
Climate change
Consumption policies, Land use and Carbon market
14
Impacts
Economy:
Industry and Trade: Price increase
Governments: Payment of fees and stumpage
Environment:
Control deforestation (Climate change mitigation)
Biodiversity conservation
15
Strategic plan for a green economy
FROG: First Raise Our Growth
GEOpolity: Global Ecosystem Organization
International Environmental Laws & Regulations
JAZZ: Voluntary Cross Sectors Initiative
Industry driven: Governments facilitate more than regulate
16
Kyoto protocol basics for mitigation achieved by increasing sinks or reducing sources
Time (years)
Fo
res
t C
arb
on
Sto
ck Reduced source
-Consume less
-Substitution of fossil fuels, steel &
concrete
Increased sink (kyoto = aforestation)
- REDD + (Reduce deforestation & Degradation)
- LULUCF (Land Use & Land Use Change in Forestry)
- Harvested Wood Products (HWP sequestration)
NEWPost Kyoto
17
Forest
ecosystem
Forest Carbon Account
Carbon sink: photosynthesis,
Carbon source: harvest, biodegradation or natural disasters
Source : IPCC AR4 – WG3 2007
Forest sector
Carbon Account of the Forest Sector (IPCC)
18
Forest
ecosystem
Source : IPCC AR4 – WG3 2007
Forest sector
Deforestation
Aforestation
Land use
Forest Carbon Account
Carbon sink: phtosynthesis,
Carbon source: harvest, biodegradation or natural disasters
Carbon Account of the Forest Sector (IPCC)
19
Building prods
Concrete Steel
Services to society
Fossil fuels
Emissions
Source : IPCC AR4 – WG3 2007
Forest
ecosystem
Forest sector
Deforestation
Aforestation
Land use
Forest Carbon Account
Carbon sink: phtosynthesis,
Carbon source: harvest, biodegradation or natural disasters
Carbon Account of the Forest Sector (IPCC)
Forest Carbon Account
Carbon sink: phtosynthesis,
Carbon source: harvest, biodegradation or natural disasters
20
Forest
ecosystems
Biofuel
Wood products
Minimize emissions
Building prods
Concrete Steel
Fossil fuels
Source : IPCC AR4 – WG3 2007
Deforestation
Aforestation
Services to societyForest sector
Land use
Carbon Account of the Forest Sector (IPCC)
21
43,163Growth=220
331
1,423 growth=10
880growth=17111
24
135
13
63
72
62
8
30
135
Carbon fluxes and stocks in wood products in USAData from USFS, FAO, AF&PA and other sources
22
Role of Green BuildingWho are the Players in Sustainable Building Policies?
Is positive attributes of wood well recognized?
23
WE NEED A GLOBAL STRATEGYLegality and sustainability is basic for future policies
Metric
OBJECTIVE: Increase wood consumptionHOW: Influence policies on forest, wood, constructionFOCUS: EnvironmentALLIES: Science and ENGO’sAUDIENCE: Professionals, Public, Governments
FOREST WOOD SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
INTERNA-TIONAL
FI WI SBI
NATIONAL FN WN SBN
REGIONAL FR WR SBR
24
Trade barrier or market opportunity?
In a context of global green policies, illegal logging and due diligence may become a trade opportunity, or
A Trade barrier, if not link with HWP or Sustainable Building policies
Is certification enough?
25
Policies on forests
I: UNFCCC: REDD+ (deforestation)
I: UNFCCC: LULUCF and HWP
I: Policies on illegal logging (FLEG, Lacey Act, etc…)
I: Policies on biodiversity, conservation
N: Forest Certification and Coc
N: Bioenergy policies
26
Policies on Wood
I: Carbon Trade link to Substitution (Kyoto)
I: Carbon Trade link to sequestration (HWP)
I: International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management UNEP-SCP
I: Policies on illegal trade (FLEG, Lacey Act, etc…)
N: Bioenergy policies and Wood mobilization
N and R: Green procurement policies
N and R: Eco Labelling
N and R: Wood First policies
27
Policies on Sustainable Building
I: UNEP-Sustainable Building Climate Initiative
I: SBA (Sustainable Building Alliance)
I: ISO Committees and EPD
I: UNEP- Life Cycle Initiative
I: UNECE/FAO Task force on Green Building
N: IGCC International Green Construction Code
N: CEN 350-EPD (Environmental Products Declaration)
N and R: Construction Codes and Standards
N and R: Green Building Policies, procurements
28
2. Positionnement des marchésNext step: Social responsibility
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