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Atmosfer, Dnyay epeevre saran gaz tabaka-sdr. Dnyann fleklinden dolay kalnl Ekvator-da fazla, kutuplarda azdr.

Atmosfer;

klim olaylarnn grlmesini salar.

Canllarn yaflamn olanakl klar.

Dnyann aflr snp, aflr soumasn engel-ler.

Zararl flnlar szer.

Gktafllarnn paralanarak Dnyaya dflme-sine yol aar.

Gnefl flnlarn yanstr, emer, datr. Byle-ce glge yerlerin aydnlanmasn salar.

Su buharnn varlndan dolay iklim olaylar sa-dece troposferde grlr. Zararl flnlar ozo-nosferde szlr.

Scaklk Dalfln Etkileyen Faktrler

1- Gnefl Iflnlarnn Dflme As : Scaklk da-lfln belirleyen temel etmendir. Dflme a-s drt etkene baldr.

a) Enlem (Dnyann flekli) : Gnefl flnlarnndflme as Ekvatordan kutuplara doruazalr.

Gnefl flnlarnn;ald yol uzun, tu-tulma fazla, snmaazdr.

Yol ksa, tutulma az,snma fazladr.

Dnyann fleklinden (enlemden) dolay:

Gnefl flnlar Aya dik, Bye eik ayla dfler.

Ada Gnefl flnlarnn tutulmas az, Bde isefazladr.

Ada stlan yzey dar, Bde ise genifltir. Bunedenle Ann scakl Bden fazladr ve AdanBye doru scaklk azalr.

Enlemden dolay: Ekvatordan kutuplara doru scaklk azalr.

Bitki rts yatay ynde kuflaklar oluflturur.

Kalc kar, tarm, orman ve yerleflme snr ku-tuplara yaklafltka alaklara doru iner.

lkemizde Akdeniz kylar Karadeniz kyla-rndan scaktr.

lkemizde kuzeyden esen rzgrlar scakldflrrken, gneyden esenler artrr.

b) Dnyann gnlk hareketi: Gnefl flnlarsabah ve ak-flam saatlerindeeik a ve faz-la kaypla geldi-inden scaklkdflk, le sa-atlerinde ise abyk, kayp azolduundan s-caklk yksektir.

c) Dnyann yllk hareketi (mevsim): Yazmevsiminde a byk,

kayp az, scaklk yk-sek, kfl mevsiminde isea kk, kayp fazla,scaklk dflktr.

d) Bak

Gnefle dnk olma (Gnefle bakma) durumu ba-k olarak ifade edilir. fiekilde A yamac bak duru-munda olduundan B yamac ile kyaslandnda;

Gnefl flnlarn daha byk a ile alr.

Daha uzun sre gnefllenir.

Ayama

cSICA

K BYamacSERN

21 Aralk (KIfi)SOUK

21 Haziran (YAZ)

SICAK

le

Sabah

Scaklk

Aza

lr.

B

AEkvator

Kutup

106

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Daha scaktr.

Kar ve buzlar daha erken erir.

Orman, kar ve yerleflme snr daha yksee

kar. Ayn cins rnler daha erken olgunlaflr.

Yenge Dnencesinin kuzeyinde dalarn gneyednk yamalar, Olak Dnencesinin gneyin-de ise dalarn kuzeye dnk yamalar bak du-rumundadr ve daha fazla snr. Dnenceler ara-snda ise her iki yamata bak durumundadr.

2- Ykselti : Atmosfer alttan snr. Bu nedenleykseklere kldka scaklk her 200 mde 1C azalr.

Yksetiscaklk iliflkisine bal olarak;

ok scak Ekvatoral blgede dahi kalc karla-ra rastlanabilir. (Ykseklerde)

Da yamac boyunca trmandka bitki rtstrce deifliklie urar.

Yama boyunca ykselen hava ktlesi bir s-re sonra yafl brakr.

lkemizde batdan douya doru scaklk aza-lr, en souk blgemiz Dou Anadoludur.

Ayn enlemde olmalarna ramen Anadolu

Dou Anadoludan scaktr.

Not : Ykseltinin scaklk zerindeki etkisi orta-dan kaldrldnda enlem ve karasallnetkisi belirginleflir.

ki merkez arasndaki ykselti fark bulunur.

(800 0 = 800 m)

Scaklk her 200 mde bir deifltiinden buldu-

umuz ykselti fark 200 mye blnr. (oran-lanr) (800 : 200 = 4 C)

Daha yksekteki bir yerin scakl isteniyorsa

(gerek scaklk) scaklk azalacandan, bul-duumuz scaklk fark verilenden karlr.

(10C 4C = 6C) Daha alaktaki bir yerin s-cakl isteniyorsa (indirgenmifl scaklk) s-caklk artacandan, bulduumuz scaklk far-k verilene eklenir. (6C + 4C = 10C)

Scaklk fark verilmifl, ykselti fark isteniyorsa

200 m ile arplr. (4C x 200 m = 800 metre)

3- Kara ve Denizlerin Isnma zellikleri : Kara-lar zerinde Gnefl flnlar yzeyde kalr, de-nizlerde ise derinlere kadar inebilir. Bu neden-

le karalar denizlere oranla abuk snr, abuksour.

Kara ve denizlerin snma zelliklerine balolarak;

Denizden esen rzgrlar yazn serinletici, k-fln ltc etki yapar.

Yazn en scak blgemiz Gneydou Anado-ludur.

zoterm erileri Kuzey Yarmkrede zik zaklbir uzanfl gsterirken, Gney Yarmkrededaha dzgn uzanr.

Kuzey Yarmkredeki yllk scaklk fark, G-ney Yarmkredekinden fazladr.

Deniz kylarndaki scaklk fark karasal blge-lere oranla azdr.

Kuzey Yarmkrede karalar zerinde en scakay temmuz iken, denizlerde austosdur.

Kara ve denizlerin farkl snp soumas mel-tem ve muson rzgrlarnn oluflumunda daetkili olmufltur.

Karalar zerindeki scaklk farklar kylardaki-ne oranla fazladr.

Deniz

Denizler yavafl snr,

yavafl sour.

Gndz= 26CGece = 23C

Scaklk fark = 3C

Gndz= 36CGece = 28C

Scaklk fark = 8C

1 metre

200 mKara

Kara hzl snr, hzl sour(Karasallk)

15 saat15 saat

600 m

S

cakl

kAza

lr()

Scaklk

Artar

(+)

400 m

200 m

0 m

Deniz

6 C Gerek scaklk800 m

10 C ndirgenmifl scaklk

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4- Atmosferdeki Nem : Atmosferdeki nem birblgenin fazla snmasn ve fazla soumasnnler. nk gndz yeryzne gelen enerji

miktarn azaltp fazla snmay nlerken, ge-celeri de flma yoluyla olan s kaybn nler.Bu nedenle nemin fazla olduu (Ekvator ev-resi, deniz kylar, alak yerler) blgelerdegnlk scaklk fark az, nemin az olduu(ller, yksek yerler, karalarn i ksmlar)blgelerde ise gnlk scaklk fark fazladr.rnein nemin ok olduu Rizede scaklkfark az (15C) nemin az olduu Ankarada isescaklk fark fazladr. (25C)

Nemin scakla etkisine bal olarak:

Dnyada gnlk scaklk farknn en fazla ol-duu yerler llerdir.

Kfln bulutsuz gnlerde hava ayaz yapar.

Trkiyede gnlk scaklk farknn en az oldu-u blge Karadenizdir.

Van, Beyflehir, Eirdir, Burdur gibi gl kysn-daki merkezlerde gnlk scaklk fark ok yk-sek deildir.

Gnefl flnlarn dik ve dike yakn alarla al-masna ramen Dnyann en scak yerleri Ek-vatorda olmayp nemin az olduu Dnencelleri evresindedir.

5- Okyanus Akntlar : Genel olarak Ekvatordankutba doru olan akntlar scakl artrrken,kutuplardan Ekvatora doru olan akntlar s-

cakl dflrr. nk akntlar ilk hareket et-tikleri yerlerin scakln gittikleri yerlere taflrlar.

Orta kuflakta ktalarn bat kylar nnden s-cak akntlar geerken, dou kylar nndensouk akntlar geer. Scak kuflakta ise kta-larn bat kylar nnden souk, dou kyla-r nnden ise scak akntlar geer.

Okyanus akntlarnn scakla etkisine balolarak:

Ocak aynda ayn enlemdeki ngiltere kylarKanadann dou kylarndan scaktr. (ngilte-

re = 0C, Kanada = 15C) Yllk izoterm haritasnda 0C izotermi Kanada

kylarnda Ekvatora yaklaflrken, Bat Avrupakylar nnde kutba doru sokulmufltur.

Kutup dairesi zerinde olmasna ramen Nor-ve, kylar kfln donmaz.

Okyanus akntlar

6- Dier Etkenler (Rzgr, Bitki rts, Top-rak zellikleri) : Kuzey Yarmkrede kuzey-den esen rzgrlar scakl dflrrken, g-neyden esenler scakl artrr. Gney Yarm-

krede ise gneyden esenler scakl dfl-rrken, kuzeyden esenler scakl artrr.

Dflrr

Artrr

Dflrr

Dfl

rr

Artrr

Dfl

rr

40 Gney

Ekvator

40 Kuzey

Rzgrlarn scakla etkisi

Peru-H

umbolt

Labro

dor

Benguela

Golf

Stre

am Oya

fliv

o

Kuroflivo

Kanaya

Brezily

a

0

ScakSouk

Ekvator

Ada nem fazla

Bde nem az

Gndz = 8CGece = 5C

Gnlk sc.fark = 3C

Gndz = 10CGece = 5C

Gnlk sc.fark = 15C

Gndz Gece

Isnma az Is kayb az

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Bitki rtsnn zengin olduu ormanlk alan-larda snma souma yavafl scaklk fark az,bitki rtsnden yoksun alanlarda ise snma

souma hzldr. Kumlu ve kireli topraklar a-buk snrken, nemli ve gevflek yapl topraklaryavafl snr.

Matematik Scaklk Kuflaklar Gerek Scaklk Kuflaklar;

Gnefl flnlarnn dflme Gnefl flnlarnn dflmeasna gre belirlenmifltir. as, kara vedeniz dalfl,

ykselti ile akntlarnetkisiyle belirlenmifltir.

50C

40C

30C

20C

10C

0C

10C

20C

30C

40C40C

20C

30C

20CScaklkfark 30C20C=10C

Scaklkfark 40C 20C = 20C

Scaklkfark 40 + 20 = 60C

20C

2327

ORTA KUfiAK

TROPKAL

KUfiAK

ORTA KUfiAK

KUTUP KUfiAI

0

6633

2327

6633

KUTUP KUfiAI

90 Kuzey

90 Gney

30,5

Orta (lman) kuflak

Scak (tropikal) Kuflak

Scak (tropikal) Kuflak

Orta (lman) Kuflak

Souk Kuflak

0

68,5

27

48

Souk Kuflak

90 Kuzey

90 Gney

Scaklk Fark Bulma

109

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Dnya Temmuz Ay ndirgenmifl zoterm Haritas

Dnya Ocak Ay ndirgenmifl zoterm Haritas

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Dnya Yllk zoterm Haritasnda Grlen zel-likler

1- Ekvatordan kutuplara doru gidildike scaklkazalr. Sebebi enlem azalma dzenli deildir.Sebebi yerflekilleri (zel konum)dir.

2- Dnyann en scak yerleri Ekvator evresi ol-mayp Dnenceler zerindedir. Sebebi nemazldr.

3- En dflk scaklklara kutuplara yakn karalarzerinde rastlanr. (Antartika, Sibirya, Kanada,Alaska) Sebebi karasallk ve enlemdir.

4- Yllk ve gnlk scaklk farknn en az olduuyerler Ekvator evresindedir. Sebebi Gneflflnlarnn dflme asnn fazla deiflme-mesi (tek mevsimin yaflanmas) ve nem faz-laldr.

5- Yksek enlemlerde ktalarn bat kylar doukylarndan scaktr. Sebebi scak okyanusakntlardr.

6- Kuzey Yarmkrenin yllk scaklk ortalamasgney yarmkreden yksektir. Kuzey Yarm-krede yaz daha scak, kfl daha souk, yllkscaklk fark Gney Yarmkreye oranla fazla-dr. Sebebi kara ve deniz dalfldr.

7- zoterm erileri paralellere uygun olarak uzan-maz. Sebep kara ve deniz dalfl, ykseltive okyanus akntlardr.

8- Yllk scaklk farknn en fazla olduu yerlerOrta Kuflak karalarnn i ksmlardr. SebebiGnefl flnlarnn dflme asnn ok de-iflmesi (drt mevsiminin yaflanmas) ve ka-rasallktr.

9- Gnlk scaklk farknn en fazla olduu yerlerllerdir. Sebebi nem azldr.

10-Okyanuslarda izoterm erilerinin dzgn uzan-mayfl okyanus akntlar ile ilgilidir.

11-Ykselti ve karasallk nedeniyle gney kutbukuzey kutbundan souktur.

12-Dnyada en yksek ve en dflk scaklklarakaralar zerinde rastlanr. En byk scaklkfarklarna karalarda rastlanr. Sebebi karala-rn abuk snp abuk soumasdr.

ZOTERM HARTASININ YORUMLANMASI

1- Scaklk erileri 1C aralkla izilmifltir.

2- Kdan Lye gidildike scaklk deerleri azalr.

3- Scaklklar gneyden kuzeye doru gidildikeazalmaktadr.

12C

13C

14C

15C

16C

17C

18C

13.5

L

15.9

14.1

12.8

12.5

13.8

14.9

16.3P

17.6

K

16.8N

14C13C

15C

16C 17C

KuzeyM

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0

10

20

010

20

100

10

20

28

Termik Ekvator

Dnya Yllk zoterm Haritas

80

60

40

20

0

20

40

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4- Kuzey Yarmkredeki bir merkeze aittir.

5- Bir izoterm erisi zerindeki her noktann s-caklk deeri ayndr.

6- M yksek scaklk adacn, N ise dflk s-caklk adacn gsterir. Buna gre scaklklardeniz seviyesine indirgenmemifltir.

6- P noktasnn alabilecei en yksek scaklkdeeri 16.9C, en dflk scaklk deeri ise16.1Cdir.

ZETLE

En scak ay ortalamas ile en souk ay ortala-mas arasndaki fark yllk scaklk farkn ve-rir.

Bir yerde atmosfer olaylarnn uzun yllar iin-de gsterdii ortalama duruma iklim denir.

Genelde Ekvatordan kutuplara doru gidildik-e scaklk azalr. Scaklk deiflimi buna uy-muyorsa ortaya kan sonu enlemle tezattr(Tezat-eliflik)

rnein:

Dnenceler evresinin Ekvatordan scak

olmas Kuzeybat Avrupa kylarnn Orta Avrupadan

scak olmas,

Kfln Karadeniz kylarnn Anadolu veDou Anadoludan scak olmas,

Yaz mevsiminde Akdeniz zerinden Antal-yaya doru esen rzgrlarn scakl d-flrmesi,

Orta kuflakta ktalarn bat kylarnn doukylarndan daha scak olmas enlemletezattr.

Ky blgelerimizin scaklk ortalamalarnnfarkl olmas enlem ile ilgilidir.

Tarm rnlerinin ykselti snr, eflidi, yetifl-me sresi ve doal bitki rtsnn tr enle-me bal olarak deiflir.

ndirgenmifl izoterm haritalarnda ykseltininetkisi ortadan kaldrlmfltr.

Bir blgede gnlk scaklk farklarnn dflkya da yksek olmas atmosferdeki nem ile ilgi-lidir.

Yllk yaflnn tamam kar fleklinde olan birblgede scaklk srekli 0Cnin altndadr.

Bir blgede yllk scaklk farknn fazla olmas-

nn temel nedeni drt mevsimin belirgin ola-rak yaflanmas (enlem) ve karasallktr.

Bir blgede ine yaprakl ormanlarn yaygnl- scakln dflk olduunu gsterir.

Scakln 0Cnin zerinde olduu blgelerdeaalar srekli yeflil kalrlar.

Yllk yaflnn tamam yamur olarak dflenbir blgede scaklk 0Cnin zerindedir.

lkemizde scaklk dalfl zerinde okyanusakntlarnn etkisi yoktur.

Ayn enlem zerindeki merkezlerin scaklkla-rnn farkl olmasnn nedeni Gnefl flnlar-nn dflme as olamaz. Ykselti, karasallk,okyanus akntlar ve nem olabilir.

Karadeniz kylarnda gnlk ve yllk scaklkfarknn Akdeniz kylarndan az olmas nemli-lik ile ilgilidir.

Orta kuflaktaki bir blgede ocak ve temmuzaylar arasndaki scaklk fark fazla ise kara-sal, az ise denizeldir.

lkemizde ky ve kasabalarn genelde dala-

rn gney yamalarnda younlaflmas bak ileilgilidir.

Ilman kuflakta yaflayan insanlarn mevsimleregre giysi deifltirme ihtiyac scak ve soukkuflakta yaflayan insanlara gre daha fazladr.Bu lman kuflakta yllk scaklk farknn faz-la olduunu gsterir.

Nehirler Ekvatordan kutuplara doru gidildikedaha uzun sre donuk kalr.

Trkiyede ykseltinin scaklk zerindeki etki-si ortadan kaldrldnda enlemden dolay s-

caklk ortalamasnn gneyde yksek, kuzey-de dflk olmas beklenir.

Ilman iklim kuflanda yer almasna karfln l-kemizde genel olarak karasal iklim zellikleri-nin grlmesi, dalarn uzanfl dorultusuve ykselti ile ilgilidir.

Bir yerdeki gnefllenme sresi uzunluu; gn-dz sresi ve bulutluluk oranna baldr.

Kutup noktalar evresinde 6 aylk gndz ya-flanmasna karfln scakln ok dflk olmas,Gnefl flnlarnn kk ayla dflmesindendir.

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1. Gnefl'ten gelen enerjinin tamam yeryzneulaflamaz. nk ........................................ .

Bu yargnn doruluu bofl braklan yere afla-

daki ifadelerden hangisinin gelmesine bal-dr?

A) Dnyamz ekseni etrafnda dnmektedir.

B) Dnyamz atmosferle epeevre kuflatlmfltr.

C) Dnyamz Gnefle ok uzaktr.

D) Dnyamz Gneflin nnden ok hzl ge-mektedir.

E) Dnyamzn ekseni 23 27' eiktir.

2. I. Havann scakl

II. Atmosferdeki nem oran

III. Atmosfer younluu

Ykseklere doru kldka yukardakilerdenhangileri azalr?

A) Yalnz I B) Yalnz III C) I ve III

D) II ve III E) I, II ve III

3. Afladakilerden hangisi "troposfer" katmannaait zelliklerden biri deildir?

A) Yerekiminin en fazla olduu katmandr.

B) klim olaylar grlr.

C) Gnefl'ten gelen zararl flnlarn en fazla s-zld katmandr.

D) Yatay ve dikey hava hareketleri grlr.

E) Younluun en fazla olduu katmandr.

4. Bir yerin iklimi hakknda bilgi toplayan bir arafl-trmac, o yer ile ilgili hangi zellikten yararla-namaz?

A) Bitki rts

B) Yetifltirilen tarm rnleri

C) Akarsu zellikleri

D) Ekonomik faaliyetler

E) Yeralt zenginlikleri

5. Zararl Gnefl flnlarn szer.

Radyo dalgalarn yanstr.

Gazlar iyonlarna ayrlmfltr.

Yukarda zellikleri verilen atmosfer kat afla-dakilerden hangisidir?

A) yonosfer B) Mezosfer

C) Stratosfer D) Troposfer

E) Kemosfer

6. klim olaylarnn grld atmosfer katmanafladakilerden hangisidir?

A) Ozonosfer B) yonosfer

C) Stratosfer D) Kemosfer

E) Troposfer

7. Atmosferin kalnl Ekvator'da fazla, kutuplardaazdr. Buna ramen Gnefl flnlar kutuplarda,Ekvator'dan daha fazla tutulur.

Bu durumun temel sebebi afladakilerden han-gisidir?

A) Ekvator'da Dnya'nn hzl dnmesi

B) Kutuplarda nemliliin az olmas

C) Gnefl flnlarnn daha uzun mesafe kat ede-rek kutuplara ulaflmas

D) Kutuplarda buzullarn genifl yer tutmas

E) Kutuplarda altflar ay sren gece ve gndzsrelerinin yaflanmas

8. Dnya'nn tamamyla okyanuslardan olufltuudflnlrse; scaklk dalflnda nasl bir de-ifliklik gzlenirdi?

A) Dnya'nn her yerinde scaklk ayn olurdu.B) Yl boyunca Gney Yarmkre scak, Kuzey

Yarmkre souk olurdu.C) Scaklk Ekvator'dan kutuplara doru daha

dzenli olarak azalrd.D) Bafllang meridyenine yaklaflldka scaklk

artard.E) Kuzey kutbundan gney kutbuna doru gidil-

dike scaklk dzenli bir flekilde azalrd.

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9.

Enlemden dolay ortaya kan scaklk farknbelirlemede hangi iki merkezin scaklk ortala-mas karfllafltrlrsa en doru sonu alnr?

A) I ve IV B) II ve IV C) IV ve VD) III ve IV E) II ve III

10. Yeryzndeki scaklk koflullar ile ilgili afla-

daki yarglardan hangisi yanlfltr?

A) Yeryznn snmasnda, yerden yansyanflnlarn nemi byktr.

B) Genelde enlem derecesi bydke scaklkazalr.

C) Gnefl flnlarnn dflme as bydke, s-caklkta artar.

D) Denizlere Gnefl flnlar daha dik dfler.E) Bir yerdeki scaklk o alanda o ana kadar birik-

mifl olan s miktarnn toplamna eflittir.

11. klim zellikleri benzer olan iki farkl blgede,afladakilerden hangisi benzer olmayabilir?

A) Doal bitki rtsB) Akarsu rejimiC) Toprak tipleriD) Yerel saatE) Tarm rnleri

12.

Yukardaki tabloda befl farkl merkezin gerek veindirgenmifl scaklk deerleri verilmifltir.

Buna gre hangi iki merkezin ykselti deeriayndr?

A) I ve V B) II ve III C) IV ve V

D) II ve IV E) I ve II

13. Afladaki flehirlerin hangisinde ykseltinin s-caklk zerindeki etkisi daha belirgindir?

A) Edirne B) Kars C) SamsunD) Konya E) Afyon

14. Afladaki flehirlerimizin hangisinde gnlk s-caklk fark en fazladr?

A) Rize B) Mersin C) Ktahya

D) zmir E) Mula

15. 640 m ykseklikteki bir merkezden, bir danzirvesine trmanfla geen dac scakln 7,5C azaldn sylyorsa, dan deniz seviye-sinden ykseklii ka m 'dir?

A) 2140 B) 1500 C) 860

D) 2540 E) 1840

16. Bir merkezin, gerek scaklk deeri ile indir-genmifl scaklk deeri arasndaki fark ok b-yk ise o merkezle ilgili hangi yargya kesinlik-le varlabilir?

A) Denizden ykseklii fazladr.

B) Scak kuflakta yer alr.

C) Bitki rts ok fakirdir.

D) Denizden uzaktr.

E) ok az yafl almaktadr.

17. Enleminin scakla etkisi gznne alndn-da afladaki lkelerin hangisinde tarm mevsi-minin daha ksa olduu sylenebilir?

A) talya B) Irak C)Meksika

D) Norve E) Cezayir

Merkez

IIIIIIIVV

GerekScaklk (C)

530

95

ndirgenmiflScaklk (C)

69

100

16

V

IV

III

II

I

114

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18.

Yukardaki Trkiye haritasnda taral olarakgsterilen yrelerin hangisinde ayn cinsmeyve ve sebzeler en erken olgunlaflr?

A) I B) II C) III

D) IV E) V

19. Afladaki aylara gre scaklk grafii verilen

merkezlerin hangisinde yllk scaklk fark enfazladr?

20.

Yukardaki grafikte aylara gre scaklk deer-leri verilen A ve B flehirleri ile ilgili afladakiyarglardan hangisi yanlfltr?

A) B flehrinin yllk scaklk fark 25 C dir.B) A flehri Gney Yarmkrede yer almaktadr.

C) ki flehrin mart ve kasm ay scaklklar birbiri-ne eflittir.

D) B flehri Kuzey Yarmkrede yer almaktadr.

E) ki flehir de ayn enlem zerinde yer almakta-dr.

21. Afladaki flekilde 40kuzey enleminde yer alan

bir dan ayn yamacna yln farkl tarihlerindeGnefl flnlarnn dflme as verilmifltir.

Buna gre ayn yamacn Gnefl flnlarn yl

ierisinde farkl alarla almasnn temel nede-ni afladakilerden hangisidir?

A) Dnyann gnlk hareketi

B) Dnyann flekli

C) Dnyann eksen eiklii

D) Bak durumunun deiflmesi

E) Farkl hava ktlelerinin etkisinde kalmas

O fi M N M H T A E E K A

Scaklk(C)

30

2520

15

10

5

0Aylar

A

B

30

10

20

A)

10

20

40

0

1 121110987643 52Aylar

Scaklk(C)

30

10

20

B)

10

20

40

0

1 121110987643 52Aylar

Scaklk(C)

30

10

20

C)

10

20

40

0

1 121110987643 52Aylar

Scaklk(C)

30

10

20

D)

10

20

40

0

1 121110987643 52Aylar

Scaklk(C)

30

10

20

E)

10

20

40

0

1 121110987643 52Aylar

Scaklk(C)

IVV

III

III

115

Scaklk

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1. Kayseri'de gece gndz scaklklar arasndakifark Samsun'dan daha fazladr.Afladakilerden hangisi bunun temel nedeni-

dir?

A) Bitki rtsB) YerflekilleriC) EnlemD) BoylamE) Havadaki su buhar

2. Ekvatoral kuflakta 1500 m ykseklikte yetifltiri-lebilen bir tarm rnnn lman kuflakta 500metrenin zerindeki ykseltilerde yetifltirile-

memesi afladakilerden hangisine baldr?

A) Scaklk deerlerineB) Toprak yapsnaC) Sulama imkanlarnaD) Yafl rejimineE) Bak durumuna

3. Yeryznde scaklk dalfln ifade eden afla-daki yarglardan yanlfl olan hangisidir?

A) Okyanus akntlar nedeniyle ayn enlemdekiBat Avrupa kylar, Kanada'nn dou kyla-rndan daha scaktr.

B) Kara ve deniz dalflndaki farkllktan dolayocak aynda Gney Yarmkre Kuzey Yarm-kreden daha scaktr.

C) Nem azl nedeniyle Dnya'nn en scak yer-leri dnenceler arasndaki l sahalardr.

D) Isnma zellikleri nedeniyle, yazn karalar k-fln denizler daha scaktr.

E) Dnya'nn flekline bal olarak scaklk Ekva-tor'dan kutuplara gidildike azalr.

4. Afladakilerden hangisi scakln ykseltiyebal olarak deifltiine iyi bir rnek olur?

A) Kfl mevsiminde Samsun'un Sivas'tan scakolmas

B) Mersin'in yl boyunca Rize'den scak olmasC) Ayn enlemlerdeki Ankara'nn Erzurum'dan s-

cak olmasD) Kfln en lk blgemizin Akdeniz olmasE) Ege Blgesinin Karadeniz Blgesinden scak

olmas

5.

Yukardaki tabloda befl farkl merkeze ait en so-uk ve en scak ay ortalamalar verilmifltir.Buna gre scaklk deerleri verilen merkezler-den hangisinde karasallk daha belirgindir?

A) I B) II C) IIID) IV E) V

6. Brezilya'da gneyden esen rzgarlar scakl d-flrd halde, Trkiye'de scakl arttrr.Bu durum iki lkenin hangi zelliklerinin ke-sinlikle farkl olduunu kantlar?

A) zel konumlarnnB) YarmkrelerininC) YkseltilerininD) Yerflekillerinin

E) Ekvatora uzaklklarnn

7. 21 Aralk gn afladaki enlemlerin hangisin-de gnefllenme sresi en uzundur?

A) 0B) 23 27' KuzeyC) 66 33' GneyD) 45 KuzeyE) 66 33' Kuzey

8. Mart aynda Dnya'nn en scak yerleri Ekvatorzerinde iken, mart'tan sonra Ekvator'un kuzeyinedoru kayar.Bu durum bir yerin scakl zerinde aflada-kilerden hangisinin en nemli etken olduunugsterir?

A) Gnefl flnlarnn dflme asnnB) Denize olan uzaklnC) Doal bitki rtsnnD) Toprak yapsnnE) Hakim rzgar ynnn

Merkez

IIIIIIIVV

En SoukAy (C)

8.611.59.5

5.75.4

En ScakAy (C)

27.617.327.319.526.0

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9.

Yukardaki flekillerde ayn blgeye ait temmuz ayizotermi karalar zerinde kutba doru yaklaflmfl-ken, ocak ay izotermi Ekvator'a doru yaklaflmfltr.

Bu durumun temel sebebi, afladakilerden han-gisidir?

A) Karalarn snma zellii

B) Ykselti faktr

C) Deniz akntlarD) Bak durumu

E) Doal bitki rts

10. I. Ykselti

II. Nemlilik

III. Denize gre konum

IV. Enlem

Ekvator'a eflit uzaklktaki anakkale ve Erzu-rum illerimizin yllk scaklk ortalamalarnnfarklln aklamada yukardakilerden hangi-leri yetersiz kalr?

A) Yalnz II B) I ve III C) Yalnz I

D) Yalnz IV E) I ve II

11. I. Gnn saati

II. Ykselti

III. Mevsim

IV. Ekvator'a uzaklk

Adana ilimizde Gnefl flnlarnn dflme as-nn gn ve yl ierisinde srekli deiflmesindeyukardakilerden hangisinin etkisi yoktur?

A) Yalnz IV B) II ve IV C) Yalnz I

D) II ve III E) Yalnz III

12. Antalya ilimiz 21 Mart ve 23 Eyll tarihlerinde G-nefl flnlarn ayn ayla almasna karfln mart s-cakl, eyll scaklndan daha dflktr.

Bu duruma yol aan temel etken afladakiler-den hangisidir?

A) Dnya'nn eyllde Gnefl'e daha yakn olmas

B) Dnya'nn kfl boyunca s kaybetmesi

C) Eyll'de nisbi nemliliin yksek olmas

D) Mart'ta kuzeyden gelen serin havann etkili ol-mas

E) Mart'ta Gnefl'ten gelen flnlarn tutulma ora-nnn fazla olmas

13. I. Dou Anadolu'nun Anadolu'dan souk ol-mas

II. 60 kuzey enleminde ktalarn bat kylarnndou kylarndan scak olmas

III. Kuzey Yarmkrede scaklk ortalamalarnnGney Yarmkreden fazla olmas

IV. zoterm erilerinin Gney Yarmkrede, KuzeyYarmkreye oranla daha dzgn uzanmas

V. En dflk scaklk farklarna Ekvator evresin-de rastlanmas

Yukardaki zelliklerden hangileri kara ve de-niz dalflnn scaklk zerindeki etkisine ba-l olarak ortaya kmfllardr?

A) Yalnz II B) II ve III C) Yalnz V

D) I ve II E) III ve IV

14. Afladakilerden hangisi yerflekillerinin iklimzerinde ki etkisine iyi bir rnek oluflturmaz?

A) Ege Blgesi kylarnda yama yafllarnn azolmas

B) Dou Karadeniz Blmnn Orta KaradenizBlm'nden fazla yafl almas

C) Karla rtl gn saysnn Dou Anadolu'da Anadolu'dan fazla olmas

D) Karadeniz kylarnn Akdeniz kylarndan se-rin olmas

E) Anadolu Blgesinin ok az yafl almas

30 C

Temmuz

Ekv.Deniz

15 C

Ocak

Ekv.Deniz

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15. Yaz ile kfl mevsimleri arasndaki scaklk farklar-nn fazla olduu yerlerin iklimi karasaldr.

Buna gre afladaki illerimizden hangisinde

karasal iklim en belirgindir?

A) Antalya B) Rize C) Konya

D) zmir E) Zonguldak

16.

Yukardaki grafikte ayn enlemlerde yer alan ikifarkl merkezin aylara gre scaklk ortalamalarverilmifltir.

Yukardaki grafikten hareketle hangi sonucaulafllmaz?

A) Y merkezinde karasallk daha belirgindir.

B) Y'de en scak ay temmuz iken X'de aus-tos'tur.

C) X merkezinde kar yafllar grlmez.

D) ki merkezde ayn yarmkrede yer alr.

E) X merkezinin ykseltisi Y'ninkinden fazladr.

17. Kara ve denizler farkl snp sour.

Afladakilerden hangisi bu durumun scaklkdalfl zerindeki etkisine rnek olarak gs-

terilmez?

A) Gneydou Anadolu'nun yazn Akdeniz Bl-gesinden scak olmas

B) Karalar zerinde kfllarn uzun ve souk ge-mesi

C) Deniz kylarnda kar ve don olaylarnn seyrekgrlmesi

D) Mersin'in Zonguldak'tan daha yksek scaklkortalamasna sahip olmas

E) blgelerimizdeki scaklk farklarnn ky bl-gelerinden fazla olmas

18.

Yukardaki tabloda yllk ortalama scaklklarverilmifl flehirlerden hangileri ayn izoterm e-risi ile gsterilir?

A) Aydn DiyarbakrB) Eskiflehir MalatyaC) Malatya DiyarbakrD) Aydn Eskiflehir

E) Aydn Malatya

19. Kuzey Yarmkrede en scak ay temmuz, GneyYarmkrede ise ocaktr.

Buna gre, yukardaki scaklk grafii aflada-ki lkelerin hangisine ait olamaz?

A) Arjantin B) fiili C) AvustralyaD) Yunanistan E) Gney Afrika

20.

Yukarda verilen matematik scaklk kuflaklar-nn snrlarn belirleyen temel etmen aflada-kilerden hangisidir?

A) YkseltiB) Okyanus akntlarC) Dnyann eksen eikliiD) Kara - deniz dalflE) Bitki rts

906633'

2327'

2327'

6633'

0

90

Scaklk (C)

20

15

10

5

0 Aylar1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

25

fiehirYllk scaklk

ortalamas (C)Ykselti

(m)

Aydn

Malatya

Diyarbakr

Eskiflehir

17.5

13.0

15.0

14.5

100

1000

700

800

O fi M N M H T A E E K A

Scaklk (C)

3025201510

50

Aylar10

5

X

Y

118

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1. Afladakilerden hangisi, bir blgede deniz et-kisinin grldne iyi bir kant olabilir?

A) Bitki rtsnn ine yaprakl olmasB) Yllk scaklk farklarnn az olmasC) Gece gndz sreleri arasndaki farkn az

olmasD) Gneyden gelen rzgarlarn genelde serinleti-

ci etki yapmasE) Ortalama ykseltinin az olmas

2. Aflada aylara gre scaklk ortalamalar veri-len merkezlerden hangisi Gney Yarmkredeyer almaktadr?

3. Ekvator'dan kutuplara doru gidildiinde kar ya-fllar miktarnn genelde artmasnn en nemlinedeni afladakilerden hangisidir?

A) Ykseltinin giderek artmasB) Alalc hava hareketlerinin varlC) Yerekiminin artmasD) Scakln dflmesiE) Souk su akntlarnn varl

4. Ekvatoral blgede kalc karlara rastlanlmas,hangisinin scaklk dalfl zerindeki etkisinernek verilebilir?

A) Kara ve denizlerin snma zelliklerine

B) Dnya'nn geoid flekline

C) Atmosfer'deki nemlilik oranna

D) Gnefl flnlarnn dflme asna

E) Ykselti faktrne

5. Dnya yllk izoterm haritas incelendiinde en d-flk scaklklara kutba yakn karalar zerinde (Ka-nada, Sibirya, Antartika) rastlanr.

Bu durumun temel nedeni afladakilerden han-gisidir?

A) Ykselti fazlal

B) Gnefl flnlarnn dflme as

C) Okyanus akntlar ve ykselti

D) Karasallk ve enlem

E) Bak ve enlem

6. Afladaki akntlardan hangisi Pasifik Okya-nusu kylarnda etkilidir?

A) Gulf stream B) PeruHumbolt

C) Labrador D) Kanarya

E) Benguela

7. Dnya yllk izoterm haritasnda en dflk s-caklklara kutup noktalar zerinde rastlanl-mamas, hangisinin scaklk zerindeki etki-siyle eliflir?

A) Enlem B) Ykselti

C) Nemlilik D) Bak

E) Kara ve deniz dalfl

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112

Scaklk(C)

20

10

5

0

5

15

A)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112

Scaklk(C)

20

10

5

0

5

15

B)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112

Scaklk(C)

20

10

5

0

5

15

C)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112

Scaklk(C)

20

10

5

0

5

15

D)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112

Scaklk(C)

20

10

5

0

5

15

E)

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BLM 5 Scaklk TEST 18

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8.

Yukardaki grafikte Ekvator'a eflit uzaklkta ve ay-n boylam zerinde bulunan iki farkl flehirden X'teen scak ay yaflanrken Y'de en souk ay yaflan-maktadr.

X ve Y flehirlerinde ayn anda zt scaklklarngrlmesi iki flehrin afladaki zelliklerindenhangisiyle aklanabilir?

A) Ykseltilerinin farkllyla

B) Denize gre konumlarnn farkllyla

C) Deiflik hava akmlarnn etkisiyleD) Bak durumlarnn farkllylaE) Farkl yarmkrelerde yer almalaryla

9. Afladakilerden hangisi ocak aynda Dnya'nnen souk yerlerinden biri deildir?

A) AlaskaB) Kanada'nn kuzeyiC) Avusturalya'nn kuzeyiD) GrnlandE) Sibirya

10. Trkiye yllk zoterm haritasnda en dflk s-caklk ortalamalarna Karadeniz kylarnda de-ilde, Kuzeydou Anadolu'da rastlanlmas s-caklk ile hangisi arasndaki iliflkiye ters d-fler?

A) Ykselti B) BasnC) Kara deniz dalfl D) Enlem

E) Nemlilik

11. Afladakilerden hangisi enlemin scaklk da-lfl zerindeki etkisine iyi bir rnek olamaz?

A) Trkiye'den Almanya'ya gidildiinde scaklnazalmas

B) Kzldeniz'in Karadeniz'den daha tuzlu olmasC) Ayn cins rnlerin Zonguldakta, Adana'dan

sonra olgunlaflmasD) zmir'den Van'a doru gidildiinde bitki rts-

nn trce deifliklie uramasE) Ekvator evresinde yerleflme yeri olarak yk-

sek yerlerin seilmesi

12.

Scaklk deiflimini flekildeki gibi gzleyen bi-rinin inifle getii noktann ykseltisi ka met-redir?

A) 1000 B) 1500 C) 3000D) 3500 E) 6000

13. Orta kuflak karalarnn bat kylarnn dou k-ylarndan daha scak; scak kuflak karalarnndou kylarnn ise bat kylarndan daha s-cak olmas scaklk dalfln etkileyen hangietmenin sonucudur?

A) EnleminB) Kara ve deniz dalflnn

C) YkseltininD) Bak durumununE) Scak ve souk akntlarn

14. Deniz kenarndaki bir merkezde 12 C olan s-caklk deeri, yan baflndaki bir zirvede 4 Colarak lldne gre dan ykseltisi kametredir?

A) 3200 B) 800 C) 1600D) 1500 E) 2400

C

20

10

0

10

20

Scaklk

O fi M N M H T A E E K A

Scaklk (C)

Aylar

30

15

X

Y

120

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15. Ocak ay izoterm haritasnda en dflk scak-lklarn Kuzey Yarmkresi karalar, en yksekscaklklarn ise Gney Yarmkresi karalar

zerinde grlmesinde;I. Kara ve deniz dalflII. Farkl mevsimlerin yaflanmasIII. Okyanus akntlarIV. Ykseltigibi faktrleriden hangisi temel etkendir?

A) I ve II B) I ve IV C) Yalnz IIID) III ve IV E) Yalnz IV

16. 2400 m ykseltideki Uluda'da scaklk 12 Ciken, deniz kysndaki Gemlik'te scaklk kaC dir?

A) 24 B) 0 C) 2D) 10 E) 6

17. "Dnenceler arasndaki l blgeleri ile ktalarn ikesimlerindeki kurak blgelerde gndzleri havane kadar scaksa, geceleride souma o kadar anive fliddetli olur."Buna neden olan temel faktr afladakilerdenhangisidir?

A) Ekvator'a yaknlkB) Bitki rtsnn azlC) Topraklarn verimsizliiD) Yeryz flekillerinin sade olmasE) Havadaki nemin az olmas

18.

fiekildeki A ve B flehirlerinin gnlk ve yllkscaklk ortalamalarnn farkl olmasnda afla-dakilerden hangisinin etkili olmad syle-nebilir?

A) Kara ve deniz dalflnn

B) YkseltininC) NemliliinD) EnleminE) Okyanus akntlarnn

19. Afladakilerden hangisi souk su akntlarnarnek oluflturmaz?

A) Labrador B) Kuro fliyoC) Benguela D) Kanarya

E) Oya fliyo

20.

Ocak aynda en dflk scaklklar haritada nu-maralarla gsterilen blgelerin hangilerindeyaflanr, niin?

A) 2 ve 7 Souk akntlar YkseltiB) 4 ve 6 Karasallk EnlemC) 4 ve 5 Enlem YkseltiD) 1 ve 3 Enlem KarasallkE) 2 ve 5 Nem azl Souk akntlar

5

7

Ekvator

Y.D.

O.D.

6

13

4

2

20 40 60

0

15

30

A B

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1. Atmosferin scaklk ve nem bakmndan aynzellii gsteren genifl paralarna ne denir?

A) Hava durumu B) klimC) Cephe D) Hava ktlesi

E) Basn merkezi

2. Troposferin st ksm gnefl flnlarn doru-dan almasna karfln, alt ksmnda scaklndaha yksek olmasnn nedeni afladakiler-den hangisidir?

A) Troposferin, daha ok yerden yansyan fln-

larla snmasB) Ykseklik arttka troposfer iindeki su buhar-nn azalmas

C) Ykseklik arttka basncn dflmesi

D) Troposferin alt katlarnn daha hareketli olma-s

E) Gnefl flnlarnn bir ksmnn troposferin styzeyinden yansmas

3. Afladakilerden hangisi zerinde iklimin do-rudan etkili olduu sylenebilir?

A) Anadolu'da tahl tarmnn yaygn olmas

B) Mersin ve skenderun gibi merkezlerin hzlageliflmesi

C) Kl keisinin ormanlk yrelerde beslenmesi

D) Balkln Karadeniz blgesinde yaygn ol-mas

E) Marmara blgesinin en youn nfuslu blgeolmas

4. klim zellikleri benzer olan iki blge arasnda,baflka baz zellikler bakmndan da benzerlik ol-mas beklenir.

Afladakilerden hangisi bu zelliklerden birideildir?

A) Doal bitki rts

B) Tarmsal etkinlikler

C) Yeralt zenginlii

D) Akarsu rejimi

E) Konut tipi

5.

Yukardaki flekilde, iki blgedeki bitki kuflaklarnnykseklie gre dalfl gsterilmifltir.I. Blgenin en alt kesiminde bozkrlarn yer al-mas afladakilerden hangisinin sonucu ola-bilir?

A) Deniz etkisine ak olmasB) Yaz scaklklarnn dflk olmasC) Buharlaflmann az olmasD) Nem orannn dflk olmasE) Termik alak basn alan olmas

6. Afladakilerin hangisinde atmosferin etkisi enazdr?

A) Yazlarn scak, kfllarn souk gemesiB) Gnefl'ten gelen enerjinin bir ksmnn tutul-

masC) Gndzlerin aflr scak, gecelerin aflr souk

olmamas

D) Yerden yansyan flnlarn tutulmasE) Gnefl'ten gelen zararl flnlarn bir ksmnn

tutulmas

7. Bitki corafyas konusunda arafltrma yapan birbilim adam arafltrma iin gittii yrede kekik, la-vanta, zeytin, zakkum ve defne gibi bitkilerin yay-gn olduunu gzlemifltir.Bu yredeki bitki rts afladakilerden han-gisine uygundur?

A) ayr B) Bozkr C)Tundra

D) Savan E) Maki

8. Atmosferin olmamas durumunda, yeryzndeafladakilerden hangisinin gerekleflmesi bek-lenir?

A) Yl boyunca yafl olmasB) Mor tesi flnlarn tutulmasC) Scakln yl boyunca ayn olmasD) Glgelerin tam karanlk olmasE) Yerst ve yeralt sularnn artmas

Daayrlar

ne yapraklorman

Karma orman

Bozkr

Daayrlar

ne yapraklorman

Karma ormanYayvan yaprakl

orman

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9. Aflada bir yerin yafl ve scaklk grafii verilmifl-tir

Grafikteki bilgiler gz nne alndnda, buyerle ilgili olarak afladaki yarglardan hangi-sine ulafllamaz?

A) Kuzey Yarmkrede yer almaktadr.B) Yllk yafl miktar 750 mm'nin stndedir.C) Kar rts ocak ay boyunca yerde kalr.D) En yafll mevsim kfltr.E) En scak ay temmuzdur.

10. "Yaplan gzlemlere gre, hafta sonundan itiba-ren, bat blgelerimizde hava scakl mevsimnormallerinin altna dflecektir."Afladakilerden hangisine dayanarak bylebir hava tahmini yaplmfl olabilir?

A) Hafta boyunca blgede youn sis grlmesineB) Hafta iinde kar yafllarnn bafllamasnaC) nceki haftalarda, hava scaklnn srekli

olarak dflmesineD) Hafta iinde hava basncnn srekli olarak

ykselmesineE) Batdan bir souk hava ktlesinin yaklaflmak-ta olmasna

11. Afladakilerin hangisinde iklimin etkisi yok-tur?

A) Turizm etkinlikleriB) Akarsu rejimleriC) Gelgit olayD) Doal bitki rtsnn dalflE) Erozyon

12. Troposferin kalnl Ekvotar'da kutuplara gre da-ha fazladr.

Afladakilerden hangisi bu durumun nedenle-

rinden biridir?

A) Ekvotor'da havann snarak ykselmesi

B) Kutuplarda buzullarn genifl yer tutmas

C) Ekvator'da denizlerin genifl yer tutmas

D) Kutuplarda bal nemin yksek olmas

E) Kutuplardan 60 enleminde doru esen rz-garlarn sreklilik gstermesi

13. Afladakilerden hangisi bir blgede deiflik ik-lim tiplerinin grldn kantlar?

A) Akarsularn bol su taflmas

B) Nfus younluunun fazla olmas

C) Bitki rtsnn eflitli olmas

D) Endstrinin youn olmas

E) Erozyonun fliddetli olmas

14. Afladakilerden hangisi, bir blgede etkili olanscaklk ve yafl rejimi hakknda en ok bilgiverir?

A) Doal bitki rts

B) Akarsu a

C) Denize yaknlk

D) Ykselti

E) Hakim rzgar yn

15. Afladakilerden hangisi troposferin zellikle-rinden biri deildir?

A) Kalnlnn her yerde ayn olmas

B) eflitli gazlardan oluflmas

C) Ykseklie bal olarak younluunun azal-mas

D) Daha ok yerden yansyan flnlarla snmas

E) Meteorolojik olaylara olanak salamas

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0

50

100

200

300

250

150

1 2 3 54 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Yafl (mm) Scaklk (C)

Aylar

Yafl (mm)

Scaklk (C)

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16. nsanlar tarafndan aa kesilerek, yaklarak or-manlarn ortadan kaldrlmas sonucunda oluflanbozkrlara "antropojen bozkr" denir.

Buna gre bir blgenin afladaki zelliklerin-den hangisi, o blgedeki bozkrn antropojenolduunun bir gstergesi olabilir?

A) Topraklarn tarma elveriflli olmas

B) Farkl otsu bitki trlerinin olmas

C) Yer yer orman aac topluluklarnn grlmesi

D) Yerleflmenin sk olmas

E) Genifl dzlklerin yer almas blge olmas

17. Afladakilerden hangisi, enlemin scaklk da-

lfl zerindeki etkisine rnek gsterilebilir?

A) Kuzeyden esen rzgarlarn Trkiye'de havascakln dflrmesi

B) Karadeniz blgesinin Anadolu blgesindendaha yafll olmas

C) Dou Anadolu'nun Trkiye'nin en souk bl-gesi olmas

D) Samsun'da yaz ve kfl scaklk farknn Ada-na'dan daha az olmas

E) Ankara'da meyvelerin Erzurum'dan dahance iek amas

18. Kuzeybat Avrupa kylarnn Orta Avrupa'yagre daha yumuflak bir iklime sahip olmas,afladakilerden hangisi ile scaklk arasndakiiliflkiye ters dfler?

A) Enlem B) Ykselti

C) Basn D) Hava ktleleri

E) Ky flekilleri

19. Bulunduu enlemden Ekvatora doru 500 km gi-

den biri ulaflt yerde scaklk ortalamalarnn,geldii yerdekinden daha dflk olduunu gr-mfltr.

Bu kiflinin ulaflt yer afladakilerden hangisiolabilir?

A) Srekli yafl alan

B) Deniz kys

C) Genifl bir akarsu havzas

D) Srekli rzgr kufla

E) Bir da bafl

20. Ilman kuflakta yaflayan insanlarn mevsimleregre giysi deifltirme ihtiyac, scak ve souk ku-flakta yaflayan insanlara gre daha oktur.

Ilman kuflakta gzlenen bu durum, afladaki-lerden hangisine kant olabilir?

A) Yllk scaklk farklarnn fazlalna

B) Kfln ok kar yadna

C) Yazn zaman zaman aflr scaklar grld-ne

D) Hava olaylarnn sk sk mevsim normallerinindflna ktna

E) Yazn tropikal hava akmlarnn etkili olduuna

21. Afladakilerden hangisi yeryznde scakl-n enleme gre deifltiine bir rnektir?

A) llerin dnenceler evresinde yer almas

B) Sibirya'nn Dnya'nn en souk yerlerinden bi-ri olmas

C) Bitkilerin genifl yaprakllar ve ine yaprakllarfleklinde kuflaklara ayrlmas

D) Okyanuslarn bat kylarnn genellikle doukylarndan scak olmas

E) Kalc karlarn yksek dalar zerinde yer al-mas

22. 960 m ykseklikte bulunan bir yerde scaklk19 C olduunda, dier koflullar eflit kabul edi-lirse, deniz kysndaki bir yerde scakln kaderece olmas beklenir?

A) 9.4 B) 14.2 C) 16.6

D) 23.8 E) 28.6

23. Ayn boylam zerinde bulunan noktalarda aynsaatte llen scaklklarn Ekvator'dan kutuplaradoru dzenli bir biimde azalmas gerekir.

Gerekte byle bir dzenliliin gzlenememe-si afladakilerden hangisine balanabilir?

A) Yerflekillerine

B) Yerin hareketine

C) Gnefl enerjisindeki dalgalanmalara

D) Dnya'nn flekline

E) Gndz uzunluuna

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24. Afladakilerden hangisi, denizlerin karalara g-re daha ge snp daha ge soumas olaynnbir sonucudur?

A) Doal bitki rtsnn bitki trlerine gre ku-flaklar oluflturmas

B) Baz tarm rnlerinin belli blgelerde retile-bilmesi

C) Denize bakan yamalarda bitki rtsnn da-ha gr olmas

D) Deniz kylarnda nemliliin daha fazla olmas

E) Denizden esen rzgarlarn kfln ltc, yaznserinletici etki yapmas

25. Bir dan Kuzey yamacnn yl boyunca Gneyyamacndan daha fazla snmas, bu dala ilgi-li afladaki bilgilerden hangisini dorular?

A) Bitki rts grdr.

B) Ykselti fazladr.

C) Gney Yarmkrededir.

D) Volkaniktir.

E) En yafll mevsimi kfltr.

26. Kfln, bulutsuz gnlerde havann ok souk

(ayaz) olmasnn bafllca nedeni afladakiler-den hangisidir?

A) Havadaki nem orannn artmas

B) Iflma yoluyla yerden atmosfere verilen snntutulamamas

C) Atmosfer basncnn dflmesi

D) Alalc hava hareketlerinin olmamas

E) Gnefl'ten gelen enerjinin azalmas

27. Bir da yamacnda ykseldike orman rts da-ha grleflir; belli bir ykseklikten sonra ise clzla-flr, doal olarak ortadan kalkar.

Bu durum afladakilerden hangisini gsterenbir kanttr?

A) Buharlaflmann, ykseldike arttn

B) Su kaynaklarnn ykseklik arttka bollafltn

C) Scakln, ykseltiye bal olarak deifltiini

D) Toprak tabakasnn ykseklerde inceldiini

E) Rzgarn ykseklerde daha etkili olduunu

28. Afladaki haritada, meridyenlerin en scak nokta-larn birlefltiren Termik Ekvator ile Yer Ekvatorugrlmektedir.

Termik Ekvatorun, Yer Ekvatorundan sapmalargstermesi,

I. Okyanus akntlarII. Srekli rzgarlar

III. Bitki rts

IV. Karasallk

etmenlerinden hangileri ile aklanabilir?

A) I ve II B) I ve III C) I ve IV

D) II ve III E) III ve IV

29.

Yukardaki grafikte, X ve Y kentlerinin aylk scak-lk ortalamalar verilmifltir.

Afladakilerden hangisi, bu grafikten karla-bilecek bir sonu deildir?

A) Yaz aylarnda, Y'deki scaklk X'ten fazladr.

B) Y'de en scak ay Temmuz'dur.

C) Y'de scaklk fark X'ten fazladr.

D) ki kent arasndaki scaklk farknn en fazla ol-duu mevsim kfltr.

E) X'te don olay grlr, Y'de grlmez.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XIIXI

32282420

1612840

48

C

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X

Y

YerEkvatoruTermikEkvator

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30. Afladaki harita, yllk ortalama yksek ve ortala-ma dflk scaklklar arasndaki farkn dalflngstermektedir.

Yllk ortalama yksek ve ortalama dflk s-caklk farknn yeryznde byle bir dalflgstermesine neden olan temel etken afla-

dakilerden hangisidir?

A) Kara ve denizlerin dalfl

B) Yer ekseninin eiklii

C) Yerin gnlk hareketi

D) Yerin yllk hareketi

E) Srekli rzgarlar

31. Afladakilerden hangisi, ekvatoral iklim bl-gelerinde yl iinde grlen scaklk farknn azolmasnn bir nedenidir?

A) Zengin bitki rtsne sahip olmas

B) Alak basn merkezi durumunda olmas

C) Gnefl flnlarnn gelifl asnn az deiflmesi

D) Srekli rzgar kuflanda yer almas

E) Buharlaflmann fliddetli olmas

32.

Yukardaki haritada numaralanmfl yerlerdenhangilerinin iklimleri arasndaki farkn temelnedeni karasallktr?

A) 1 ve 2 B) 2 ve 3 C) 1 ve 4

D) 2 ve 5 E) 3 ve 5

33. Kuzey Avrupa'da 0 250 m, Trkiye'de 500 1000m ve Orta Afrika'da 17502000 m yksek-likte doal yetiflme ortam bulan bir bitkinin budalmnda rol oynayan temel etken aflada-kilerden hangisidir?

A) Eim B) Yafl rejimiC) Toprak tr D) Bak

E) Scaklk

34. ilin yllk scaklk ortalamalar ile ykseltileriflyledir;

Scaklk (C) Ykselti (m)Ankara 11.7 900Konya 11.5 1025

Kastamonu 9.8 800Bu illerin deniz seviyesine indirgenmifl scak-lklarna gre yksekten dfle doru srala-nfl nasldr?

A) Ankara Konya KastamonuB) Konya Kastamonu AnkaraC) Kastamonu Konya AnkaraD) Ankara Kastamonu KonyaE) Konya Ankara Kastamonu

35.

Yukardaki tabloda Q, X, Y ve Z merkezlerinin yl-lk ortalama scaklklar, enlem dereceleri, yksel-tileri, yllk ortalama yafl miktarlar ve hakim rz-gar ynleri belirtilmifltir.

Tablodaki bilgilere gre, bu merkezlerin yllkortalama scaklklar ile,I. EnlemII. YkseltiIII. Yafl miktarlarIV. Rzgar ynetkenlerinden hangileri arasnda gl bir ilifl-ki vardr?

A) Yalnz I B) Yalnz II C) I ve IV

D) II ve III E) II ve IV

Q

X

Y

Z

25

19

15

2

3053'

3640'

4121'

5021'

153

150

154

150

300

200

200

250

Kuzeybat

Kuzey

Kuzey

Kuzeybat

Scaklk

(C)

Enlem

(Kuzey)

Ykselti

(m)

Yafl

(mm)

Rzgar

ynMerkez

0

2

3

45

1

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